Concavenator: The Hump-Backed Spanish Dinosaur
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- Опубліковано 5 лип 2024
- Concavenator was a medium sized predatory dinosaur. Its fossils are found in the Early Cretaceous La Huérguina Formation, which are now part of the Spanish providence of Cuenca. Concavenator was a member of Carcharodontosauridae, a clade of theropod dinosaurs which included the massive Giganotosaurus. Although Concavenator was far smaller than many of its cousins, it is notable for other, more unique reasons. It had a strange hump on its back, the purpose of which remains unknown. There are also bumps on Concavenator's arms, which may have been quill knobs that held large feathers in place.
00:00 - Introduction
00:28 - Discovery
01:00 - Classification and Size
01:38 - Anatomy
02:33 - Hump
05:11 - Quill Knobs
08:38 - Scales
10:21 - Pack Hunting
12:34 - Paleoenvironment
13:40 - Conclusion
14:09 - Outro
Sources:
repositorio.uam.es/handle/104... (PDF)
palaeo-electronica.org/conten...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.researchgate.net/profile/...
www.researchgate.net/profile/...
www.researchgate.net/publicat...
www.researchgate.net/publicat...
journals.plos.org/plosone/art...
When I was a kid I had the honour of spending one day with one of Concavenator's discoverers, José Luis Sanz, in the Complutense University of Madrid. At the time I was crazy about dinosaurs and he kindly answered all my questions on Concavenator. One detail he gave me on the fossil is that actually also preserves some of the animal's last meal. What seamed to be fish scales were found on it's stomach. Great video, btw!
Thats cool af fr
I was always into dinosaurs and still am but thank God I wasn't a Dino nerd like you as a kid
@@AKayani559???? Why? What's my big sin here?
@@angelamengualcortinas3614 I didn't say being a nerd is a sin
@@AKayani559 then what's the point of your comment? Should i feel ashamed of being a dino nerd when i was 10 and having had a conversation with a paleontologyst or what?
I'm 56 and the dinosaur books I read as a child were often a decade or two out of date, so it's amazing how much the view of dinosaurs has changed in my life. I learned about brontosaurs that had to live submerged in water to support their body weight and lumbering, tail dragging theropods. It was like dinosaurs were decadent lizards who had devolved into obese, stupid failures. In the early 90s I bought The Dinosaur Heresies by Robert Bakker and it was so obviously right in its general thesis. So glad I lived in a time when we got this much better view of dinosaurs.
It really is incredible, what we have learned
Yes bro I not only the buses and are talking about is that this giant alligator deinosuchus hatcheri
14:20
I'm glad that Concavenator is getting a popularity rise due to Path of Titans. It's such a cool dinosaur.
Yes.
Bask in my glory
If I could give this video multiple thumbs up, I would. So much information packed into 14 minutes all delivered in a digestible format that retains all the important facts. Keep up the good work!
Another point against the sail/hump on concavenator being for heat dissipation is we do not see anything like it on bigger animals in hotter environments. I like the idea of storing fat on the hump, especially as we would not expect to see this in bigger cousins even in harsher environments; as they would likely be able to support larger stores without specialised structures through sheer size. I personally like the idea that it was a big fat brightly coloured hump, to me it is(judging from today's standards) suitably therepodian.
Could just have been sexual dimorphism, birds are the closest descendants of theropod dinosaurs and have nothing like that, "sails" seem to be not unique at all in theropod dinosaurus, like in the famous spinosaurus, I believe these were mostly related to differences between the sex of the animal and that were used as such
@@mlggodzilla1567 Degrees of sexual dimorphism relates to the pairing habits of modern birds. Bird that pair for life and both care for the nest tend to have very low sexual dimorphism. A study on incubation times on therepod dinosaurs implies that the nest was most likely guarded by both parent. Keeping this in mind I would be inclined personally to think that perhaps the difference between male and female therepods was actually quite minute. The idea of a smaller or different shaped sail/ hump on an animal of a different sex is an interesting thought however.
Are you calling me fat?
Chimerasuchus I hope you never leave us, and your voice actors are spot on!
Thanks for posting big dog, thats the way to start the day.
Randomly saw this video while scrolling the homepage feed. Thank you UA-cam algorithm for unlocking my interest in dinosaurs.
This is one of my favorite dinosaurs named within my lifetime!
Finally not a lot of people cover this dinosaur on UA-cam🙌
its always flattering to see my work in these vids. love this dinosaur
Concavenator is my favourite dinosaur it's so interesting
Man, I've been searching for the name of the artist @4:53 for years now. I could never seem to find that individual or their work after having seen the Dilophosaurs chilling in the woods piece. And all of a sudden: *pow* there it is, totally unexpected! Joanna Kobierska. Thank you so much for including the names of the artists!
Great video, as always! Seems like you're building quite a team of voice talents!
Favorite dinosaur! Great vid!
And keep up the amazing videos it’s getting even better in quality in my opinion and I love it!
So a camel and a dinosaur walked into a bar...
Deinocheirus: Not this again
Deinocheirus is more like if a Gallimimus and a Spinosaurus walked into a bar.
Very interesting, I love these little videos about single Dinosaurs that I wouldn't know anything about otherwise! And good to see the artwork too.
When in doubt I always guessed; all non-avian dinosaurs had feathers at a young age. As some grew bigger, they lost their feathers or had integument suited for the environment, or lifestyle (if they swam, if they lived in the shade, etc.), as they matured.
An astoundingly informative short presentation...bravo!
This was a incredible video! Liked!👍
Hell yeah! my favourite carcharodontosaurid!
Another great and very informative video!
For the record Cuenca also means "basin", and the geography of Cuenca implies that's the original meaning of the name. Its Latin root "conca" makes "concave" and also produces Spanish "cuenco" = bowl.
So it can also be read as "humped hunter of the basin".
My real name is Fred
@@Concavenator_corcovatus 🤣
"My name is Fred, Al Fred".
The return of the king, also another great video 😎
I hope there's eventually a dinosaur named Convexenator
Very interesting. I love learning new things.
This dinosaur is the inspiration of the pseudo legendary Pokémon in Scarlet and Violet Frigibax, Articbax and Baxcalibur.
love this kind of content. recently learned of the dinosaur through a dlc for jurassic world evolution 2. and you were the first video i watched on this dinosaur. i appreciate your content alot. i love dinosaurs aswell :3 do you think they might bring a ice age style dlc sometime?
Great videoe like this give me great days
excellent video 😀
Ah yeah! The OG Land Shark.!
Nice video..
I love concavnator,and I love this video cause it's really good
Also I wish y'all are having a good day
Ah yes, perry the platypus cannot stop my concavenator
The hump reminds me of suspension bridges, perhaps there were ligaments and tendons running along the spine connecting at the hump that aided in holding up the tail and head for endurance running.
The hump seems to be a SPECIFIC muscle attachment. Just for leg muscles, or for tail muscles.
Good point. In any event it does not seem to be homologous with Acrocanthosaurus's elongated neural spines.
Good stuff
Let’s go concavenator YEAHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH! Please do more carchardontosaurids related videos I’d love that
The big Dinosaurs are cool and all, but it's with the smaller ones where it really gets fascinating.
Is there any research on if quill like feathers could be made to make noise?
hey dude great video! I like your voice way better than whoever you hired though!
Omaygad its my fav dino
Im a big fan
I feel that theropods' hunting strategy were more similar than currently existing prey birds that is to say predominantly lonely. Sometimes it could be occasionally pack like corvids and seagulls
These kind of videos you can only get at 1:43AM On a school day night. why am I here?, I have shit to do in the morning!
Me waiting for Pliosaur video:
This is a pretty nice dinosaur. It has a hump on it’s back, it lives to it’s fifties, and it was a pack hunter.
to me the fat reserve explanation, similarily to camels, is the most tempting. its position above the feet at the center of weight is ideal for carrying heavy load.
Just cause I like to eat doesn’t mean I’m fat 😭😭
When are you gonna do one about Purassaurs?
I would contest the point that medium sized predators are rare in dinosaur dominated ecosystems, this is apparent in late US Maastrichtian ecosystems, with the large disparity between the smaller dromeosaurs, Dakotaraptor and Tyrannosaurus despite the relative wealth of information we have on these ecosystems, but I would argue this is an irregularity.
It has become quite common for some ecosystems by the midd cretaceous in Patagonia for instance to be supporting one or even two megaraptoran and one or two abelisaur species of all of medium size(along with say; one maybe 2 giant carchs), We see this in the morrison with ceratosaurus, stokesosaurus and marshosaurus(sharing their environment with allosaurus, torvosaurus and perhaps saurophaginax and the unnamed allosaur that was auctioned in Paris). Of course these previously mentioned are probably examples of outstanding circumstances(and certainly with the morrison there can be a bit of doubt if the species are all concurrent) but generally I find its not rare to find 2-3 medium sized therepods sharing their enviroment with the big guys, and possibly 2 big guys sharing the enviroment.
I can't puzzle out what makes tyrannosaurus and the late maastichian ecosystems unique. Or perhaps something in the previous extinctions. Also an earlier mirror to this could possibly be Acrocanthosaurus coexisting with deinoychus in the early cretaceous. But until we get more information from that period we can't draw any conclusions.
I like the idea of juvenile and adolescent tyrannosaurids filling the mid-size predator niches. Although it does require a high rate of generational turnover to make sense, a lot of T. rex fossils do have a very "live fast, die young," vibe.
@@Eloraurora i think tyrannosaurus is a unique and interesting case. Whilst it would seem the campainian tyrannosaurs would probably be similar we at least see multiple species of albertasaurid and tyrannosaurid coexisting at the top end of the food chain in the same ecosystems. For now its just Tyrannosaurus in the late Maastrichtian of the USA(dakotaraptor being well below it as a medium predator who can fit neatly in a tyrannosaur's gular pouch)
cool
i just have to say, i am SUPER into the idea of comparing potential pack hunting dinosaurs with harris' hawks. the degree to which they cooperate is much more believable than mammal like pack hunting. instead of directly coordinating they will simply all converge on a single prey item provided it is too much for a single hawk to handle, and moreso they do not extend this cooperation to non-familiars (ie they will not see a non related/pairbonded hawk as a partner for hunting
Interesting
I once heard from Nicholas Dodge that some carcharodontosaurids shared similarly tall spines to Acrocanthosaurus. Since then, I've wondered that myself. But now I see that that statement is true. So I've pieced the relations like this:
Dinosauria --> Saurischia --> Theropoda --> Tetanurae --> Carnosauria --> Allosauroidea --> Carcharodontosauridae --> Acrocanthosaurinae
Acrocanthosaurinae:
- _Acrocanthosaurus atokensis_
- _Altispinax dunkeri_
- _Becklespinax altispinax_
- _Concavenator corcovatus_
The only missing piece of the puzzle is the name of the tribe. Should its name be Altispinachini or Concavenatorini? If it's Concavenatorini, I might consider the subtribe Altispinachina, since Altispinax and Becklespinax are often confused with each other.
Ps.: the same confusion has been done with Edmontosaurus and Anatotitan (subtribe Edmontosaurina?) and Shantungosaurus and Zhuchengosaurus (subtribe Shantungosaurina?)
Crocs actually hunt as a mob when they’re together, and this is most likely how theropods did it too. There’s no solid evidence for packing hunting behavior in dinosaurs at all.
What should I write about the plumage concavenator in Wikipedia?
Love dionsaurs
The hump may have been to anchor tail muscles. Dinosaurs were mostly warm blooded by late Jurassic.
What would the modern day equivalent of the La Huérguina Formation be? Like if you were to find an environment or habitat that replicated what La Huérguina might look like, where on Earth would that be?
Think whiskers. It's possible some aspect of its environment and habits required "feeling" for prey or navigate its habitat.
Honestly I sorta miss the old voice that you last used in the Anteosaurus video
Yi Qi the bat wings dinosaur look like very cool
I'm really curious why various theropoda developed humps in this area.
A literal shark dinosaur.
Most abelisaurs occupied the medium size niche when the mega carnosaurs were around.
They still live I've seen one and many more .
Day 1589 of not being seen by huma-
Gosh dang
Dinoshark!
I want the old narrator back
If carchs are hunting in groups i would propose a very wolf like hunting ecology. Where like the large herds of medium sized herbivores today herds of titanosaurs and rebbahisaurids were nomadic as not to strip the land bare, so the therepods would likely hunt smaller prey(which stays in the region) individually, such as young sauropods, iguanadonts, hadrosaurids, smaller carchs, abelisaurs and megaraptorans, like wolves hunt rabbits, foxes and the like) but when a herd of titans rolls into town the call goes out and the pack assembles to bring down a bigger prey item. Then i imagine they'd attempt to seporate one of the herd preferablyat night time, drive it into advantageous terrain(such as among trees, softish ground or anywhere with unexpected pitfals etc) and attempt to chew out its caudal femoralis with those shark like teeth.
Excellent video, dude.
One thing though, the J in “Europejara” “Tapejara” or “Ubirajara” aren’t pronounced like the J’s are in Spanish. These words come from tupi-guarani languages, and weirdly, just like the J in Portuguese, it actually sounds like the French pronunciation.
I know it may sound like I’m nitpicking, but as a Portuguese speaker, it really bothers to see people just going for the Spainish pronunciation when it should be our way
I'm from Spain and he hasn't pronnounce It in spanish, he hasn't pronnounce the j at all
Thanks for the heads-up! Could you possibly give a word reference for the sound you mean? I've definitely been pronouncing it like Spanish all this time.
@@Eloraurora it sounds like the J in “bon jour”
@@Eloraurora ja in spanish sounds like ha in english but pronouncing the sound more than in english
Voice actor for this reporting in. Thanks so much for letting me know. I’ll keep that in mind the next time those words come up.
Wouldn't Convexanator fit better? :P Outward, instead of inward
Why don’t you think of a suggestion making a UA-cam Videos all about Geosaurus (A Marine Crocodile and/or A Sea Crocodile) on the next weekend and/or the the next weekday coming up next?!👍👍👍👍👍⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️⭐️
Se existissem humanos na época dos dinos! O maior perigo não seria os grandes carniveros, mais os pequenos e médios, pois, eles eram ágeis, e atacavam em grupos.
Maybe its a deformity. And if deformity is ruled out, why ?
Like a spinosaurus, carcharadontasaur,and dromeasaur had a baby
I would call it Volcano back
Missing piece of ichythyovenator
The hump might not have had any kinda use. Though it's probally not very likely, not every trait has to have a purpose. It maybe could have even been a birth defect
I’d say it’s a display structure if anything
Here me out… what if the hump assisted in cutting through waste deep water…? Piscine carcharadonts??
If they found a camel, they wouldn't know what the hump is used for.
Wouldn’t the Dromeosaurids and Tyrannosaurids also have been pack hunters? Both were some if not the smartest outta the dinosaurs and Tyrannosaurids had eye sight and intelligence like an eagle
Am i the only one who thinks the one fossil of this dinosaur is incomplete and Concavenator actually had a full sail or extended neural spines like Acrocanthosaurus? I feel crazy lol. It makes sense to me more as a full spinal structure vs. a hump where the center of weight is. Either one hypothetically makes sense and each has different purposes but ugh... I need someone to find another specimen lol
Nearly all of Concavenator's vertebrae are preserved and articulated in the holotype. Only a few from the the tail are missing.
Wait, so I have a sail?
Oh wait, no, no I don’t.
That would be to cool
This was more likely a sail rather than a hump.
Shouldn't it be called CONVEXenator?
Very unusual type It is not clear what else is there For the sail for sure
Maybe they lived in families or pairs like some hawks.
Would it possible that concavenator would have been better at swimming than it's larger relatives?
I can doggy paddle is that counts
@@Concavenator_corcovatus yes lol *gives headpats*
I thought you were talking about pus human scits not a ridge back Dino
Dino-shark
I miss the original narrator.
But can I ride it
No. I don’t offer rides after the kindergartener incident
Anyone else want to ride one like a horse?
Please don’t
Why do all these theropod dinosaurs have calf museles, has anyone seen any bird like creature with calf museles?
I don’t skip leg day
Wouldn’t happen to be found extremely close by to Icthyovenator would it? 😂😂😂
No. Concavenator is a carcharodontosaurid while Ichthyovenator is a spinosaurid.
@@chimerasuchus Nah. I mean like because the Concavenators hump likes like it was stolen from the Icthyvenator spine, you know because it has a big gap in it? It was just meant to be a fun joke.
Important to note that extensive skin impressions of other carnosaurs like most notably Carnotaurus - despite exquisite detail preservation across broad swaths of the body - show absolutely no evidence whatsoever of feather-like integument wherever there is skin. While that does not preclude the possibility that there may be such integumentary structures perhaps long the back or the tip of the tail, that seems to me to be hopeful thinking on the part of the "feathers are ancestral to all dinosaurs and even the common ancestor of dinosaurs and pterosaurs' club. First, realize that when talking about "feathers" in most cases what's really being referred to is extremely simple, primitive monostructures - not the veined, asymmetrical flight feathers many think of when they think of birds - and that there is virtually no reason whatsoever as to why such integumentary covering couldn't and shouldn't evolve multiple times along different lines - because it is so very simple, the benefits are great and there is nothing in particular making it an especially unlikely development - after all, fuzz, fur, feathers, whatever it may be, such structures have CLEARLY been selected for in mammals, archosaurs, even in arhtropods, even THOUGH they are structurally and functionally different - but when you look at it in simplest terms - what they are are integumentary structures protruding from the skin of the animal and conferring some advantage - be that insulation, display or defense - hair/fur, primitive hair-like feathers and even arthropod integument (think of fuzzy moths and caterpillars) DO bear a broad similarity and in some cases an overlap in function despite having different origins. That is to say....it's a leap to conclude that the earliest dinosaurs and in fact the common ancestor of dinosaurs and pterosaurs MUST have been fluffy when there's plenty of reason why it could just as easily be convergently evolved structures. People want to believe it so desperately that they willingly overlook the sometimes very, very GOOD skin impressions we do have which show, outside of Coelurosaurids, often VERY MUCH scale-covered skin with no sign whatsoever of integument. As for the bristles on the tail of some ceratopsians, fine, great, EXCEPT that these are structurally quite different, again, from true feathers and rather simple structures to evolve in a number of ways (and the rest of the animal is entirely devoid of anything remotely resembling even a soft down). To put it another way, humans are bipeds- so are ratites - yet very clearly this evolved separately and in fact bipedalism evolved MULTIPLE times in the history of life, including non-dinosaurian archosaurs. The Triassic in particular seems to have been an evolutionary laboratory experiment where life on earth was trying a tremendous variety of forms and there was a lot of convergent evolution of similar traits going on. So there's no reason to suppose pterosaurs didn't evolve it separately as a response to the thermal demands that accompany flight, especially at altitudes where the air temperature is much cooler than it is down by the ground, or as insulation against the cold ocean waters they'd plunge into while hunting for fish, rather than it necessarily being the ancestral state. Same too for dinosaurs. It's entirely possible that two separate lineages evolved integumentary structures similar to "feathers" (and again, important to qualify what EXACTLY you mean by 'feather' - what makes a feather a feather, after all? Most never think about it) - and in fact convergent evolution is a much more typical thing than many make it out to be. Also in the case of pterosaurs, pycnofibers being called true feathers is a stretch, at minimum. In the case of Psittacosaurus, the quill-like structures on the tail are oft cited but almost CERTAINLY a case of convergent evolution given the complete and utter lack of unambiguously feather-like bodily integument in the preceding evolutionary lineage.
All I'm saying is...don't be so quick to jump on the "this therefore that" train. Account for other possible explanations.
A great deal of your argument relies on a mischaracterization of the current evidence. Carnotaurus is the only non-coelurosaurian theropod that has been found with extensive scale impressions (and although not relevant, it is an abelisaurid, not a carnosaur).
More importantly, your perception of the fossil evidence of feathers in ornithischians is stuck in 2004. Primitive feathers covered most of the bodies of the ornithischians Kulindadromeus and Tianyulong. These dinosaurs are spread throughout Ornithischia, and unlike the quills of Psittacosaurus, some of the feathers of these ornithischians (and those of pterosaurs) have an identical structure to those of theropods.
All of the above is what was known when this video came out, but the hypothesis of an ancestrally fluffy Dinosauria has been effectively proven since then. A recent paper, titled "Mechanistic Thermal Modeling of Late Triassic Terrestrial Amniotes Predicts Biogeographic Distribution" modeled the thermodynamics of a number of Triassic animals (including a pretty representative sample of early dinosaurs, pterosaurs, and their relatives) and their native environments.
It found that without the insulation provided by feathers, most of these primitive dinosaurs and pterosaurs would have lost too much heat to their environment to have even survived. The only exception were the larger species of sauropodomorphs. Indeed, they were already susceptible to overheating even without feathers. This explains why many later dinosaurs like Carnotaurus lost at least most of their feathers. Therefore it is certain that Dinosauria ancestrally had feather-like structures. Combined with the fact that pterosaurs, onithischians, and early coelurosaurs each have such structures with an identical structure, it is highly unparsimonious to argue that they are the result of evolutionary convergence.
Stop calling him concabenator you spelled it right so why can't you say it correctly
Ah, yes, the only dinosaur named by Dr. Doofenschmirtz.
Where are the dino feathers? Where where are they? I never see them every time you make a documentary people don’t show the feathers. Where are the feathers you’re pushing the evolution feathers shit where are the goddamn feathers seriously show the feathers and I’ll believe you.
Archaeopteryx.
No im naked