Turing machines explained visually

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  • Опубліковано 16 тра 2017
  • A Turing machine is a model of a machine which can mimic any other (known as a universal machine). What we call "computable" is whatever a Turing machine can write down. This video is about how it was conceived and why it works using physical explaination. This is part of my Computer Science series ( • The Origin of Computer... )

КОМЕНТАРІ • 325

  • @ArtOfTheProblem
    @ArtOfTheProblem  Місяць тому

    STAY TUNED: Next video will be on "History of RL | How AI Learned to Feel"
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  • @edgaravila2776
    @edgaravila2776 6 років тому +200

    Dude the music is ruining this. It's way too loud relative to the speech volume.

    • @mixup2216
      @mixup2216 10 місяців тому +10

      I see what you mean, but I think it’s alright. The bells get my neurons firing. It sounds better on headphones but it would help if it was a tad quieter.

    • @OzzyOscy
      @OzzyOscy 9 місяців тому +1

      Turn on subtitles

    • @Ivernet8319
      @Ivernet8319 8 місяців тому +5

      I LOVE the music. The music makes it x100 better! It makes the knowledge he drops EPIC.

    • @tictactoe101
      @tictactoe101 8 місяців тому +13

      Agree, it's annoying. Just his voice is enough

    • @janjager2906
      @janjager2906 8 місяців тому +8

      This was ridiculous.
      I turned off the sound completely. Tried to watch it with subtitles only.
      The sound actual did hurt inside my ears. With the sound level at 5% I could not hear the narrator anymore but there was still the remnant of this annoying sound that froze my mind. I never ever experienced this before.

  • @davidwagenblast5717
    @davidwagenblast5717 Рік тому +44

    I always knew Turing was smart but man this video shows me how ahead of his time he was. As a computer science major, I am thoroughly impressed that his paper panned out into modern day computer functions.

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  Рік тому +2

      i know, i keep going back myself

    • @scottstensland
      @scottstensland 11 місяців тому

      Turing went on to design and build a computer in which He coded a Baysian Algorithm to decode a German encryption cypher analog machine ( Enigma ) to help win the world war

    • @DJ_POOP_IT_OUT_FEAT_LIL_WiiWii
      @DJ_POOP_IT_OUT_FEAT_LIL_WiiWii 2 місяці тому +1

      he conceptualized a theoretical gay computer that can do everything but in practice is non existant

  • @devijankowicz9491
    @devijankowicz9491 11 місяців тому +7

    Gosh, this takes me back! To the Institute of Cybernetics at Brunel University, 1970-72, where the Research Professor looking after us doctoral students was Gordon Pask (look him up!) A delightful eccentric. And his way of teaching us the Turing Machine was to chalk out a single line of floor-tiles in the lecture theatre- the tape- and ask us to imagine that he was the read-write head. There he was, hopping on one leg (read), other leg (write), asking us to call out the algorithm for 2+2=4 for him to compute. (That had taken us a while to prepare since it was expressed in binary digits). 'hop left-read- hop right- hop right -write' etc etc, with this small (barely 5 foot tall) but immensely distinguished gentleman hopping along merrily. Such fun!

  • @hellothere11
    @hellothere11 7 років тому +154

    Amazing work as usual! The way Turing was able to breakdown computing into it's most fundamental parts like this is fascinating. It's also mind-blowing how this simply stated framework allows all of the advanced technology we see today...

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  Рік тому

      hey thoughts on how this applies to how we think about attention heads in transformers?

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  10 місяців тому

      @@IvanNedostal the video i'm working on now is about this higher level of abstration, it seems like LLM's result in a computational model where the word is the first class element, instead of the bit?

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  10 місяців тому

      @@IvanNedostal whatever your drinking, i want some

  • @timgreenshields2431
    @timgreenshields2431 2 роки тому +28

    Excellent video...but a suggestion would be to drop the unusual and annoying music.....it's also to loud. But overall, great job ! Thanks for doing this.

  • @jordangerm
    @jordangerm 6 років тому +36

    That video really opened my eyes.. That was the first time I finally understood, at last a little bit, how computers are programmed. Very well explained

  • @turen1234
    @turen1234 7 років тому +114

    turing was years ahead of his time, the world is still playing catchup

    • @marshacd
      @marshacd 5 років тому

      1936, as one can read on the first page shown.

    • @Melvin420x12
      @Melvin420x12 5 років тому

      Thinking of it is one thing, creating it is a whole different world.

    • @SirIsaacMewtonIII
      @SirIsaacMewtonIII 5 років тому +16

      ​@@Melvin420x12 er, he kind of did. he made the machine that broke the Nazi's Enigma machine encryption. He basically made a machine that did what would have taken humans millions of years. and nobody before him had really designed a machine to do that. he envisioned it, designed it, and made it. and it worked. and computers are all basically based on the same theory, just using circuits instead of rotors to do the work.

    • @genegary4056
      @genegary4056 3 роки тому

      Turns out he was right on time

    • @yuvrajsingh099
      @yuvrajsingh099 Місяць тому

      Turing last paper on Biology showed he was onto something even more advance. He was able to compute patterns on animals which would take our modern day best computers thousands of years. A small sample was tested and turing was right.
      Just days before his death.

  • @pscheidt
    @pscheidt 7 років тому +89

    You are stunningly good. Thank-you for this series.

  • @markmcla
    @markmcla 7 місяців тому +3

    I really like your explanation. I like how you explain a "2D book" interpretation of a Turing Machine before you jump into a "1D Tape". I think I finally understand a Turing Machine! Thanks!

  • @chris_1337
    @chris_1337 7 років тому +18

    Amazing video, this is surely one of the best channels on UA-cam! Can't wait for the next part!

  • @modolief
    @modolief Рік тому +6

    This is the best explanation I've yet seen of how the conceptual Turing Machine was originally invented - how did Alan Turing get the idea for the thing and then how did he formulate it.

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  Рік тому

      i know, i'd love to know how he got there...

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  Рік тому +1

      i was explaining circuits to my kids the other day and almost felt like i was about to get there, when I was thinking about how much work it would be to write up logic gates in various ways and how logic circuits are just "truth tables",...

  • @degiatronglang6103
    @degiatronglang6103 7 років тому +19

    Your channel must be in the top 0.0001% best channels on youTube.

  • @MarioGreco
    @MarioGreco 3 роки тому +3

    I've been looking all over the internet for a layperson explanation of the functionality of a Turing Machine. This video nails it. Thank you, so very much.

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  3 роки тому +2

      I made this video for people like you, I'm glad it's being found still

  • @enkisumer
    @enkisumer 6 років тому +5

    At last! A series about things i care about (Concepts), presented in a artful and captivating way. Thank you. I found you from looking at the wiki page of James Burke Connections. (my favorite bbc series)

  • @p37ert
    @p37ert 7 років тому +2

    Thanks for the video! this channel deserves more subscribers.

  • @MrTexMart
    @MrTexMart 7 років тому +8

    Brit, thank you again for all your hours (days?) in producing yet another very informative, clear and engaging episode. Your videos do an amazing job of explaining some very complex subjects into ideas that we all can understand. I feel lucky to have stumbled upon your channel, keep up the excellent work.

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  7 років тому +7

      Thanks for the kind words MrTexMart. I spent many many days on this spread across several months.... it was a slow process so it's nice when people recognize effort - this video in particular I had pondered for over a year before making it.

  • @mustafinaskar
    @mustafinaskar 7 років тому +2

    These series keeps me motivated at studies. Thanks a lot!

  • @kevinmatthewjones
    @kevinmatthewjones 6 років тому +1

    This is absolutely incredible, thanks!

  • @nackyding
    @nackyding 4 роки тому +1

    This is my favorite video of all time. And I'm not exaggerating either. Thank you.

  • @SussyBacca
    @SussyBacca 2 роки тому +1

    Wow. The best description of Turing machines I've ever seent! ☺️🎉

  • @kdavidson8635
    @kdavidson8635 7 років тому +4

    Wow, so many people have never heard a vibraphone before? I enjoyed the backing track, I think it complemented the visuals quite nicely. Wonderful and informative video, Thank You for all your hard work!!

  • @jmaniere
    @jmaniere 8 місяців тому +1

    I have done a lot of 'basic' type programming for engineering application from punch card on IBM 370 fortran ADA on VAX up to VBA ... and only heard of A.Turing in the recent years on helping crack the enigma machine.... but this short video does explain where all this came from thanks !

  • @ErikBongers
    @ErikBongers Рік тому +1

    Amazing. With such a machine we will eventually be able to take pictures of our dinner and put it in some virtual cloud space.

  • @vedant6633
    @vedant6633 4 роки тому +4

    Little correction at 2:35 it is 1936 not 1928

    • @boogerie
      @boogerie Рік тому

      Published in January 1937 but yeah

  • @iamacoder8331
    @iamacoder8331 Рік тому +2

    That is what I was looking for, nice and clear explanation!

  • @MDMAx
    @MDMAx 5 років тому +2

    I'm amazed. A well produced original content. So what happens at the basic mechanical level? Is it a bunch of transistors connected in random shapes and sizes?

  • @stephenhicks826
    @stephenhicks826 9 місяців тому +4

    Really interesting video. Turing's paper was publishing in 1936, not 1928 but in response to the three questions posed by Hilbert in 1928.

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  6 місяців тому +1

      Took 2 years to finish this one, finally live would love your feedback: ua-cam.com/video/OFS90-FX6pg/v-deo.html

  • @Mrjarnould
    @Mrjarnould 7 років тому

    Thank you, I've been eagerly waiting for this! Keep it up :)

  • @Viggen66
    @Viggen66 3 місяці тому +1

    This is how modern computer work at its basics, they can only do sums, subtraction and compare values nothing more, but do it billions of times per second, making it appear as is doing more than this.

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  Місяць тому +1

      Hey I have a new video out: ua-cam.com/video/5EcQ1IcEMFQ/v-deo.html would love if you could help me share it

  • @AlexTrusk91
    @AlexTrusk91 Рік тому

    Watching this in 2023 it feels like the next brink all over again.
    Great video. I'll stick to this channel from now on.

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  Рік тому +1

      Happy to have you, I'm currently working on my next video in the AI series and i keep reflecting on this video due to the parallels

  • @reenietanya2289
    @reenietanya2289 4 роки тому +2

    The first time I understood whata Turing Machine is! Thank you!

  • @shubhamroychandra5914
    @shubhamroychandra5914 4 місяці тому

    It was so complicated to understand but made simple by this video

  • @007dipu1
    @007dipu1 7 років тому +7

    Eagerly waiting for the second part of this video

  • @mamba6859
    @mamba6859 6 років тому +1

    Great video and great explanation. God bless

  • @fothgil
    @fothgil 5 років тому +1

    I agree with the previous comments. Thank you so much!! May I ask where you found the black and white interviews, specifically the one starting at 7:38? Thank you again.

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  5 років тому

      appreciate it Paul. most historical clips used in my videos are found on internet archive.

  • @z3my4l
    @z3my4l 6 років тому

    Excellent video! Can't wait for part two. Subbed.

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  6 років тому +1

      Here is last part: ua-cam.com/video/u2DLlNQiPB4/v-deo.html

  • @segintendorocks
    @segintendorocks 6 років тому

    This video helped me understand the concept behind my homework assignment for discrete mathematics. Thanks!

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  6 років тому +1

      Super thanks for sharing, I'm glad this video this being found in search of help and helping...I spent a long time struggling with this when I first was introduced.

    • @joshuajacobs6481
      @joshuajacobs6481 2 роки тому

      what was the homework assignment about?

  • @systemicthinking
    @systemicthinking Рік тому +1

    "If we are going to call it a 'computer'..." - yes, let's go with that!

  • @rob0674
    @rob0674 4 роки тому

    Very well done documentary

  • @tonygame9007
    @tonygame9007 6 років тому +1

    Thank you! This was actually very helpful

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  6 років тому

      excellent i'm glad this video is working for people

  • @astrix8812
    @astrix8812 Рік тому

    HOLY SHITEEE! This just blew my mind!! I've always wondered HOW TF we even thought of making something like the Assembly language and this kind of puts all that into perspective. Mad respect to Sir Turing!

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  Рік тому +1

      stay tuned!!

    • @astrix8812
      @astrix8812 Рік тому

      @@ArtOfTheProblem yaya sure! i am really liking your explanation, keep em coming!✨ have a good day

  • @mohitnagarkoti4086
    @mohitnagarkoti4086 3 роки тому

    Woww... Really wow..
    You just ignited my curiosuty.

  • @martintrenkov4609
    @martintrenkov4609 Рік тому

    Beautiful video!

  • @TheBarretNL
    @TheBarretNL Рік тому

    Is that a Japanese rebranded Commodore adder machine at 2:02 ?

  • @ricosuave666
    @ricosuave666 6 років тому

    very good video I'll always remember this.

  • @genalmady8683
    @genalmady8683 8 місяців тому

    That was really good, thanks for this wonderful explanation ❤

  • @TuMadre8000
    @TuMadre8000 2 роки тому

    it is criminal that this doesn't have at least a million views

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  2 роки тому

      I know I worked hard on this, wish the YT algo liked it

  • @johnlongstaff4532
    @johnlongstaff4532 8 місяців тому +1

    I would have liked to watch this video on Alan Turing's machines but the background high pitched bell sounds were not necessary and extremely distracting from what was being said I had ti switch it off.

  • @eG-iy6wr
    @eG-iy6wr Рік тому

    where did you get the prime number algorithm as presented as book of states in the video?

  • @l3nn13
    @l3nn13 Рік тому

    beautiful video

  • @andreasolsen335
    @andreasolsen335 7 місяців тому

    Great explanation! However, as others have commented, maybe removing the extremely irritating (and way too loud) background noises would help future viewers concentrate on what's being said and thereby understand the concept more easily :)

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  6 місяців тому

      Took 2 years to finish this one, finally live would love your feedback: ua-cam.com/video/OFS90-FX6pg/v-deo.html

  • @ElCapitan88
    @ElCapitan88 Рік тому

    This video just blew my mind 🤯

  • @rinku5060
    @rinku5060 4 роки тому

    Nice explanation 👍

  • @danarbuckle6640
    @danarbuckle6640 11 місяців тому

    He was a gift to humanity.

    • @bobmusil1458
      @bobmusil1458 8 місяців тому

      And he was killed (indirectly) by the British government because he was gay.

  • @cougar9999
    @cougar9999 5 років тому

    This is a wonderful introduction! Does anyone know the names of the men interviewed at 0:57 and 7:39?

  • @xoio
    @xoio 4 роки тому

    The was really well explained...

  • @uvaishassan
    @uvaishassan 3 роки тому

    This is quality content ❤️.

  • @vash47
    @vash47 7 років тому +2

    great video

  • @davejacob5208
    @davejacob5208 4 місяці тому +1

    wait, so the instructions are on the same tape. how does the head "remember" how its instructions are formulated if it at the present instance somewhere else on the tape reading the "input"? and does this not per se lead to many many cases where the turing machine rewrites its own instructions?

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  4 місяці тому

      good question, there is a marker separating instructions from scratch pad

  • @bustacap503
    @bustacap503 5 років тому +1

    Brilliant vid! Thanks!

  • @syed9576
    @syed9576 3 роки тому

    I'm a bit confused about how does the TM know the difference between the instruction part of the tape (algorithm) part of the tape, and the execution part of the tape.

    • @okb6436
      @okb6436 2 роки тому +1

      It's a good question. The things is, data and programs are interchangable, and thats a very powerful characteristic of computers. The way the machine differences between them is according to how you program it, for example a universal turing machine is programmed to treat a part of its tape as the program of the simulated machine and other as the tape of the It.

  • @maviliprens
    @maviliprens 3 роки тому +3

    Seriously the dinging sounds make it very difficult to listen to the video!

  • @prun8893
    @prun8893 Рік тому

    I'm aware of permanent tinnitis after listening to this video dinging every few seconds.

  • @drewkavi6327
    @drewkavi6327 3 роки тому

    what a brilliant video, superb

  • @mchowdhury3184
    @mchowdhury3184 4 роки тому

    I'm sorry I still don't get it. Can someone explain me? What makes the machine so certain decisions?

  • @berbudy
    @berbudy 6 років тому +4

    this video is a required seeing for every cs student, very insightful

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  6 років тому +1

      I struggled in CS with this concept so I'd love it if this was the case

  • @jigarsoni
    @jigarsoni 6 років тому

    Perfect!!

  • @AlpkanOz
    @AlpkanOz 3 місяці тому

    First, thank you so much, great content. I'm sure a lot of people in "Ohh, i see" state after watching this.

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  3 місяці тому

      Thrilled to hear this, stay tuned for more

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  Місяць тому

      Hey I have a new video out: ua-cam.com/video/5EcQ1IcEMFQ/v-deo.html

  • @raisham2484
    @raisham2484 4 роки тому

    Very informative vidieo

  • @Atanu
    @Atanu 4 роки тому +1

    Fine video and great explanations. There's an error around the 2:30 time stamp. The year mentioned there (1928) is wrong; the correct year is 1936.

    • @Atanu
      @Atanu 4 роки тому

      I'm sorry I did not scan the comments -- this is already known.

  • @Z54
    @Z54 Рік тому

    nice video.

  • @andrekoczka3777
    @andrekoczka3777 6 років тому

    Which book is that, with the instructions in it? Is it really a thing? I would buy it right away.

    • @navjotsingh2251
      @navjotsingh2251 4 роки тому

      Yes it’s a thing. That’s what Turing proposed and people used that book when computing using machines based of his theory. I think you can find a pdf of it online but I’m not too sure if you can buy it from a book store

  • @adamfilmmaker
    @adamfilmmaker 8 місяців тому

    well done, will show in class

  • @iVideoCommenter
    @iVideoCommenter 7 років тому +27

    creepy ending. is it hinting P vs NP for the next video? :)

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  7 років тому +22

      Yes sir!

    • @Diachron
      @Diachron 7 років тому +4

      iVideoCommenter Can't wait for part 2!

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  7 років тому +6

      Yes that's up next - I have a brand new approach/analogy I can't wait to share.

    • @666unknowndevil666
      @666unknowndevil666 7 років тому +1

      I literally just watched all 6 videos in the past half-hour (thank UA-cam for 2x speed!).
      I was afraid that since there were only a few videos that the series would be incomplete, but I'm so glad to find out that its still alive and kicking! It's an amazing series. I'm just sad that I have to wait for the P vs NP video now....

    • @jonathanwright5338
      @jonathanwright5338 6 років тому

      666unknowndevil666 afraid the series would be "incomplete"? I see what you did there 😁maybe the channel should tell us which video in the series to watch next, observe the video. and complete a task lol

  • @jamiepastman5594
    @jamiepastman5594 3 роки тому +2

    I really wanted to watch this, but the music you chose is so distracting I couldn't get through it. thanks though...

  • @ZonkoKongo
    @ZonkoKongo 7 років тому +2

    yaaaay another vid :D

  • @NeuroPulse
    @NeuroPulse 7 років тому

    Way to leave me hanging at the edge of my seat!

  • @shawnbibby2934
    @shawnbibby2934 5 місяців тому

    Have you thought about how a Hologram could be used as a Algorithm, or as a type of memory for the algorithm to use?

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  5 місяців тому

      no but this sounds very interesting...i wonder what others have done already

  • @user-ic7ii8fs2j
    @user-ic7ii8fs2j 3 роки тому

    superb!

  • @MikeJunior94
    @MikeJunior94 5 років тому

    Fuckin finally. I have watched 3 videos before this and none of them made sense. I now understand it, thank you!

    • @ArtOfTheProblem
      @ArtOfTheProblem  5 років тому

      Excellent, this is why I made this video and I'm happy to see it's serving its purpose.

  • @alayna6444
    @alayna6444 4 роки тому

    I got a lot ...thanks

  • @Combinia
    @Combinia Рік тому

    this guy cracked the german enigma code, without it, we would all be speaking german.

  • @Gubru
    @Gubru 7 місяців тому

    This was kinda mind blowing, ngl.

  • @adiflorense1477
    @adiflorense1477 3 роки тому

    I think Alan Turing's theory is very simple. but extraordinary

  • @lecorbuz
    @lecorbuz 4 місяці тому

    The paper you mention at 2:39 was published in 1936 not 1928.

  • @MrChriskep1
    @MrChriskep1 3 роки тому

    Thanks. That made sense to me

  • @cesarades8154
    @cesarades8154 7 місяців тому

    "Touring reminds us that the... algorithm and the rough work could all be done on one piece of paper"
    Can someone dive a little deeper into this, please? How could the rough work and algorithm be in the same space? If they are on the same linear tape how could the machine differentiate the two?

  • @shahnawazalam2405
    @shahnawazalam2405 5 років тому +3

    You guys are underrated

  • @paytonlee9836
    @paytonlee9836 5 років тому

    So, what is computable?

  • @SnoopyDoofie
    @SnoopyDoofie 6 років тому

    It was a brute force approach. Not very efficient but did help to bring an end to WWII.

  • @freemanguess8634
    @freemanguess8634 5 років тому

    Interesting

  • @carpballet
    @carpballet 7 місяців тому +1

    Very nice. I’m almost there.

  • @TheFhdude
    @TheFhdude 4 роки тому

    The background bell is annoying but the explanation is wonderful.

  • @umaralvi2746
    @umaralvi2746 7 місяців тому

    its sad how a legend and the man behind every resolution been treated so wrongly and been a victim of suicide

  • @yiblin4283
    @yiblin4283 4 роки тому +1

    OMG ARE YOU THE GUY WHO MADE THE ENCRYPTION VIDEOS??? Ceaser Cipher, one-time pad, RSA encryption, Alice & Bob (& Eve), etc.

  • @apesir_crapit1497
    @apesir_crapit1497 3 роки тому

    I'm in computer science, but today i feel like I became a computer scientist. Just joking, I have no fucking idea what's going on.

  • @WonderGirl99
    @WonderGirl99 4 роки тому +1

    Amazing video, music was hella creepy tho

  • @noblethrasher
    @noblethrasher 7 років тому +1

    Minor correction: Turing's paper was published in 1938, not 1928 as stated in the video: ua-cam.com/video/-ZS_zFg4w5k/v-deo.html&t=154

    • @AnimMouse
      @AnimMouse 7 років тому

      1928 is when Hilbert issues his challenges.

  • @syphyt808
    @syphyt808 7 років тому +2

    Look who's back :D