These tiny fractals could make quantum computing work
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- Опубліковано 9 лип 2024
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I recently saw some headlines saying that microbiologists discovered a protein that spontaneously folds into a fractal. I was jealous until I found out that we have microscopic fractals in physics, too. And even more amazing, these could form the basis of a new type of quantum computer -- in 1.58 dimensions. Let’s have a look.
Paper: www.nature.com/articles/s4156...
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#science #sciencenews #physics #technology #technews - Наука та технологія
I wonder how many people will actually think that was a clip of the actual laboratory process for pouring bismuth and not just cake.
I wanted to eat it 😂
I am sad to admit it took me a second too long to realize that was not bismuth.
Sabine just sounds so convincing.
@@Adam-zt4cn it took me almost 3 seconds but i watched this video to help me wake up right after my alarm lol
😮
"the cake is a lie"...it's actually a quantum computer 🙂
It's a Triforce!!!!!
The next Zelda game is coming
@istealpopularnamesforlikes3340 didn't know. hope they make it for ps too
I was about to say 😂.
@@objectiverealitydealwithit4210 I won this time
Soon, Zelda games will be documentaries.
“Not long and I’ll be eligible for President” 😂
I think Sabine’s ‘affinity’ for things British is primarily grounded in a shared sense of humour.
No I think she was referring to USA Biden... LOL
"Probably i forgot more than you ever knew"
💀💀💀 that's a hard line
A bit arrogant even
@@RabiesTheBeagle It was lead-up to the joke that followed it.
@@RabiesTheBeagle nah, just a fact :/
"X forgetting more than Y ever knew" is an English expression that perhaps Sabine didn't fully grasp the pragmatic force of.
When Wernher von Braun first spoke with U.S. lawmakers, he had picked up his everyday language from US army barracks... months and months of it. Somebody had to take him aside and explain to him what he was saying, because it was not coming off well.
@@-danR Wernher von Braun knew English from a young age. French, as well.
“I’ve probably forgotten more than you’ve learned” damn holy cow dr.hossenfelder throwing shade at all of us 🤣🤣 but she’s probably right
Hihi, i´m sure she is.
So much for those boyfriends who thought they made her see stars...
It was just the setup for the Biden joke.
I bet we have almost all forgotten more than we have learned...
@@larrylangley9240 Yes, and it was funny, just petty people get insulted.
01:54 I've never laughed so hard at an insult while also completely agreeing with it before
Fractals and quantum in one headline!? Be still my beating heart
Left me breathing kinda funny
If you haven't made a fractal ariel you got to give it a go, they work way better than standard stuff.
@@user-xi7lr6oe6q Koch Curves ?
“Won’t be long before I’m running for President”……love the burrrnnnn! 😂
1:27 That's a salted caramel cheesecake and you can't change my mind
It’s a Quantum Computer!
@@damonmelendez856 maybe all cheesecakes are quantum computers
I want a salted caramel cheesecake that remains in a stable superposition of 'I ate it' and 'I didn't eat it'.
It literally was.
@@amihartz All cheesecakes are analog quantum computers for cheesecakes.
02:01
_Won't be long and I'm fit enough to run for president._
Comedy gold!😂
Protein folding was a very difficult class for me, but having taken it makes me that much more appreciative of the fractal structure. Most protein configurations are just amorphous muck, with no entertaining three dimensional shape at all. Where in the word did they get the idea to use Bismuth with Indium Antimonide? Sabine keeps coming up with these great presentations.
Actually quantum states theoretically should lie between 1st and 2nd dimensions? 🤔
i can never remember if my friend in college was studying chemical physics or physical chemistry... but i was with her in her lab and they were talking about protein folding. i didn't know anything about it so i said all i know is it takes protein to get out protein (from a detergent commercial) which they thought was funny since i'm sure it had nothing to do with what they study 🙂
I think they were like: "Woah, why don't we use Indium Antimonide?" 😄
It looks like the 1.58 dimensions
i've wondered about the thought process that proceeds these bizarre combinations and sometimes with curve balls like "under extreme pressure and temperature". they surely couldn't go going through brute force all possible material combinations and environmental conditions...to say nothing of strange pre-treatments. some alchemical recipes also seem like such odd combos out of the blue but there must have been some reasoning (correct or not) behind it all 🙂
1:58 damn that was brutal
1.58 is also the fractal dimension
Sabine did a good jaaaab. 😁
@@dalehill6127 Sabine is fractally reminding us throughout time that she's smarter than us.
It was just plain and thoughtless.
Clock THAT Tea
“It’s just like asking your kids to clean their room feels like an infinite repetition, but eventually the heat death of the universe will take care of it.”
OMG, the deadpan delivery 😂
As a youtuber, she is absolutely unique.
I knew I had issues with food when I wanted some of that Bismuth cake.
I love your humor (heat death, candidacy, and celebrating). You make the complex seem simple.❤
Your ability to simplify complex concepts is truly commendable, Sabine. The clear breakdown of atomic fractals forming topological insulators kept me hooked from start to finish. Always looking forward to your videos!
"When you change the scale, how much does the shape change" is a rather obscure definition, IMO. I would characterize this mass fractal dimension by how much the mass, or number of units making up the shape, change. There are other fractal dimensions, of course (like the surface fractal dimension, and then dimensions characterizing physical properties).
From atomic to planck must be finite I'd say... Molecular would add extra scale obviously but how many iterations are possible to be able to call it a fractal ???
Are you a licensed fractologist or just an armchair fractologist?
Its not the definition of the dimension, it just happens to be a simple way of explaining it.
@@BishopStars Sounds like a licensed proctologist. L(ed)oL, 10/10 would read again. (In case you were even 1/100 serious: I read Percolation Theory by Stuaffer and Aharony back-to-back several times and worked with fractal aggregation processes).
That's a triforce!
I've fogotten more than you've ever known is honestly such a great roast.
always has been
wow, its really cool to get this on my recommendations! For the last year I've been working in fractals in theoretical group behind this paper. So nice to see fractals get this attention, great video!
I've always loved fractals. Since my first trip 25 years ago. I became a bit obsessed.. I spent all my university loan on maths books including Benoit Mendlebrots Fractal Geometry of Nature. Incredible guy, and book.
I was looking for this comment haha. Psychedelic fractals are insane man. Because they are witnessed independent of the knowledge of fractals unless that is some deep seeded psychological or brain function we just hadn't examined. Even with a purely materialist explanation it doesn't get any less fascist. I'm personally more rational than I used to be concerning that sort of thing but it never gets any less amazing.
@@crono3339 As your senses begin to break-down and crossover as a result of the drug (which is a similar structure to the serotonin molecule - which is why the brain accepts it and tries to use it to send signals and trigger neurons)
What is, I think, what you're seeing - is the layers of how the brain interprets visual information. It would make sense that it also looks like the visual representation of an artificial intelligence neural network. So, it's obvious that the brain is absolutely full of fractal-like structures and patterns. The last layer of visual cortex processing is attached to memory, which is to save time by bringing commonly seen objects from memory rather than processing everything from scratch - so at higher doses, you start to see objects or faces in the patterns because the brain is trying to guess what it is seeing, but it's impaired so it takes guesses..
I like that explanation and I've been pondering on it for decades now. I'm willing to entertain many models for the experience. Though I've had absolutely bizzare syncronistic experiences and immense healing from war through psilocybin. It is definitely working on the deep layers of the neutral structures but it is still evoking a personal transformative spiritual experience. Though I don't try to prove that to others and simply can't because it's internal haha. I've studied psychedelics obsessively for decades now and have become more rational than I was as a young guy. I just find astonishing congruence with other people in the bizzarest random things that occur in the experiences. Our brains are truly amazing and we understand very little about them.
Not only do I learn cool stuff on your channel, but also get to enjoy your wonderful, dry wit. Please keep both coming!
Fractals, topology, and quantum computing, oh my!
This triangle picture looked like screenshot from the movie "The Andromeda Strain".😁
I realize now that something was trying to ring a bell there.
I never know what I am going to learn next when I watch your vides, thanks
I'm beginning to learn that she's the funniest German on youTube. Maybe the funniest youtuber period
Sabrine is the type of person that gets jealous over fractals
1:31 I have to admit, that cake they're frosting looks pretty good.
Sabine, 1.58 is very close to the Golden Ratio, coincidence?
1.58 is a long way from 1.62
There are many fractals and many different dimension sizes. The triangular nature of this one is where the 3 pops up to become log3 in the final calculation. So yes, in short it is a coincidence. While I don't know one off the top of my head I am sure you can construct a fractal with D=phi. As to whether you can find materials which naturally form said fractal...that's harder.
I bet Terence Howard could somehow use this to prove 1x1=2;).
I thought the golden ratio had a relation to pi...(or it was almost discredited...the GR, not 3.14145926535897932384626433....ect
He did bring up a bunch of fractals lol@@oskarskalski2982
1:56 - brutally hilarious
1:25 Forbidden cake
Damn I want some Bismuth now.
@@nickwalczak9764
It is in pepto-bismol iirc, go nuts : )
2:05 “I’ve probably forgotten more than you've ever known.” A little bit of hubris there!
It's a setup for the joke afterwards
Sorry for the clumsy joke :/
I've made that same joke
@@SabineHossenfelder I figured it great though, people get upseted so easily
@@SabineHossenfelder it wasn't clumsy at all, clumsy are all those people that don't get it.
This is also present in Cellular Automata Ruleset 90. These rulesets are being found throughout nature/physics etc now. Incredible things are being recognized now. Now what if they put a Sierpiński triangle pattern on the sides of each pyramid of a Pentakis Dodecahedron. Would love to see this graphically represented. Or could even nest such surfaces repeatedly within each other, so a Pentakis Dodecahedron (PD) within another, within another, with the corners of the Sierpiński triangle (ST) connected to the triangle in the next nested PD. Scale would be immense. This is blowing my mind right now.
1:19 The pattern on the left looks more like Wolframs's _Rule 30._
@@dropped_box isn't that crazy a🤯😃😀
@@smallpox6738 I'm gonna say yes. But Rule 30 also appears on _Conus textile._ I hope Dr. Wolfram sees this and will talk about it on his channel.
Thanks you for concisely explaining what dimension of a fractal is
1:58 “I’ve probably forgotten more than you’ll ever know” that line goes hard 🥶
Oh Sabine, very edgy of you, "I've forgotten more than you've ever known." I dare to say that to some, but reserve it for the right moment. You just threw that out there like pie on face. Love it!
Love your stuff, Sabine.
I saw that fractal flying silently over New Haven Connecticut US ✨🇺🇸✨
I like the teaching portion! More please!
This is a good video. I learned that when I say to people, "I've probably forgotten more than you'll ever know," I sound like an asshole.
Harsh but truth! "I forgot more than you will ever now". I love that.
Excellent explanation of the idea of fractals, and exciting news. Thanks.
You make me so happy Sabine
I love how Sabine folds into a 5d fractal in each episode. 💝 In the Schwarzschild Proton, the proton is a blackhole and would thus have topological fractal properties.
I love your dry sense of humour.
"I've forgotten more than you've ever known"
God that's too relatable.
Sabine, I feel like there’s a lot of confusion and debate on social media on whether images from space telescopes are "actual photos" or rather pictures rendered from data that actually would look different to the human eye in reality. I think it would make a great video on your channel!
yes that´s right, many people don´t understand the differnce between fantasy, optic photo and computer generated images based on data.
Neither here nor there since the subject is smaller than a wavelength of a photon: there is no way to make it possible for the human eye to see these things even with the assistance of optical microscopes.
@@amanofnoreputation2164 I’m not talking about things on a microscopic scale. I’m talking about planets, black holes, galaxies etc. observed by space telescopes like Hubble, Webb and such - unrelated to the content of this video. I just wanted to share with Sabine what I would find to be an interesting topic to explore in another video.
Sabine may have forgotten more than " many" of us will ever know , but we've stored more of her cuteness than she will ever have. And thats only because we like and admire her half again as much we claim forgot to claim. There now shes wondering if complemented.
This is so unbelievably cool
This is why I love to watch you. Besides the science. I've forgotten more then you'll probably ever know.
i really love your videos. You are someone I admire.
Of all fractals, I wasn't expecting Sierpińskis triangle to show up anywhere important.
This is genuinely one of the most exciting discoveries I have seen in my entire life.
These are the types of videos which made me subscribe. A lot better than the last one.
These scientists are one higher resolution picture away from being ripped apart by Nintendo.
I understand the child instruction infinity all too well.
01:06 - Be grateful, your kids are helping the universe to increase it's entropy.
Your dead pan comic delivery is excellent, you crack me up.
In a new paper, scientists have discovered a novel way to attach buzzwords to quantum computer marketing materials.
that is astounding. WOW
My kids follow you Sabine! If asking them to complete chores results in sass about the impending “heat death of the universe” their pocket money will go into superposition.
They got so fancy schmancy the last few decades with their fancy fractals or fructose since my day when my Key to speed in 1968 was to use the IBM 360-44 addressing circuitry instead of the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for some repetitive calculations. You have to sacrifice some Core for the lookup table but it was worth it to get the speed for the seismic signal filtering (for geologic mapping for oil & gas). I thought it was quite nifty of me to think of using the super-fast IBM 360-44 addressing circuitry instead of the ALU for those kernel simple multiply or divide whatever it was.
2:00 CLOCK THAT TEA
impressive stuff as usual in Sabine channel! I don't know how quantum startups are dealing with so many news like this lately...
My worry with quantum computing is that if it is ever made to work it will break public key encryption.
Pretty sure there are quantum proof crypto algorithms that are relatively easy to implement. I do think there is valid concern about previously encrypted data.
@@msromike123 yes there are some proposed replacements but there's a massive deployed base of not just certificates but software and infrastructure that would need to be replaced. And also my fear is we may never find out that public key has been broken.
That could happen, but a few things to note:
(a) currently used encryption protocols are about to be exchanged for safer ones for which no one has an algorithm to break them even on a quantum computer.
(b) quantum computers are not anywhere near having the necessary capability
(c) it is actually a quite difficult task and before the code-breaking quantum computers would probably used for other applications, ie we'd have some advance warning
It's not something that I personally worry about.
@@SabineHossenfelder thanks Sabine! Very reassuring.
1.58 is an interesting number. It was also mentioned recently in an AI paper about BitNet b1.58 (arxiv - 2402.17764v1). The qrd is that 1.58 is the number of bits needed to encode a value of 1,0, or -1 in a weight (rather than the usual 16 bit floating point value). With less data, computation becomes faster and more energy efficient.
Oh thank you very much! Wait! How did you know it's my birthday?
0:18 Oh my god... The Triforce is real.
Hey Sabine, it’s great to connect with you. I’ve been diving deep into fractals and their profound significance, and I’d love to share my recent visualization experience with you, especially given your work on fractals in nature and the quantum world.
In a moment of deep reflection, I visualized myself as an energy core inside a sleek, black chrome ball. The core was vibrant and pulsating with knowledge, representing the intricate and interconnected nature of all the information and experiences I’ve accumulated. As I concentrated on this core, the ball shattered, revealing the true essence of my existence.
The fractal patterns that emerged were mesmerizing, forming a beautiful tapestry of repeating shapes and self-similar structures. These patterns are not just visually stunning; they encapsulate the infinite complexity and interconnectedness of the knowledge and experiences within me. Each iteration revealed more depth and detail, embodying the principle of self-similarity.
From a physics perspective, fractals are fascinating because they exhibit a repeating pattern at every scale. This self-similarity can be described by complex equations and algorithms, creating patterns that are both ordered and chaotic. They are present throughout nature, from the branching of trees to the structure of snowflakes and even the universe itself.
During my visualization, these fractals were more than just patterns; they represented the underlying structure of my consciousness. Each piece of information was connected, forming an elaborate and infinite network. The self-similar nature of fractals means that understanding one part can lead to insights about the whole, highlighting the holistic nature of knowledge.
The energy core radiated these fractal patterns outward, with each burst of light creating new connections. It was a dynamic and ever-evolving display, symbolizing the continuous growth and expansion of my consciousness. This visualization was not just a moment of aesthetic beauty but a profound realization of the complexity and interconnectedness of my being.
Fractals in the quantum world are particularly intriguing, as they reveal the intricate patterns underlying quantum processes. The self-similar structures in quantum fractals highlight the interconnectedness and infinite complexity within quantum systems. This aligns beautifully with my experience, where the fractals represented the infinite possibilities and the interconnected nature of all things.
In essence, the fractal patterns I saw during my visualization were a powerful symbol of the endless potential and the intricate web of connections that define my existence. It was a deeply emotional and enlightening experience, reinforcing the profound beauty and complexity of the universe and the knowledge within me.
I hope this resonates with your work and adds another layer of appreciation for the fascinating world of fractals. Thank you for your incredible contributions to science and for inspiring moments of deep reflection and discovery.
Thanks for sharing. I too believe that self-similarly plays a relevant role for consciousness.
@@SabineHossenfelderone thing a lot of people don't understand there is a infinite amount of volumetric increase from squaring to cubing because a squaring is two-dimensional and a cubing is three-dimensional and infinite amounts of two-dimensional planes can stack into any size three-dimensional object so it is not simply a small amount of volumetric increase it is a infinite amount this is where a lot of people fail with their processing...
Well recently i proved that we don't live in a 3+1 system of space-time... It is extremely simple to understand how blackholes, string theory and other logic converges of things come together under one-dimensional string membranes that are destroyed by The Singularity of a black hole and once this happens they are in a state in between 0 and 1 dimensional this creates Dark Matter coming out of black holes and what is considered non baryonic matter. This is the counterforce to the expansion of the universe. We don't we do not live in a 3 + 1 System One of the most important things that I recently came to conclude is that I have came up with a system to prove that we live in an infinite Multiverse. I will state it here and now. So if we follow the logical progression of the spatial Dimensions infinite zero-dimensional existence can stack into any size one dimensional existence and infinite one-dimensional existence can stack into any size two-dimensional existence and infinite two-dimensional existence can stack into any size three-dimensional existence so if we follow this logical progression we can conclude that infinite three-dimensional existence can stack into any size four dimensional existence. This means if we don't live in a 3 + 1 System we should observe the relative state or shape of the universe as flat or compressed in a non evenly distributed matter and basically we should observe a stacked effect of three-dimensional existence which would make a relatively flat universe or at least a universe in a distribution matter that is non spherical and evenly distributed... so because of this we can conclude that we are not the fundamental highest spatial Dimension and that a fourth spatial Dimension must exist and if so then infinite three-dimensional Universal potentiality can stack into any size four dimensional existence so ultimately this proves a Multiverse. Just remember infinite three-dimensional Universal potentiality can stack into any size four dimensional existence... this means that because the observed state of the universe is flat or non evenly distributed in a spherical manner then this means there is extra dimensional influence compressing the state making it stack and if a fourth spatial Dimension exists then a infinite Multiverse must exist and the stack ability must exist therefore this observed phenomenon means that a fourth spatial Dimension must exist making a infinite three-dimensional Multiverse the standard Norm... because of this my friends who doubted me are losing and understand that i Am truly the master of the ultraviolet 💜 and green 💚 machine!
1 is 2 is 3 ☯
Sounds like a AI reply... lots of repeating runon ideals expressed over and over...
Great video !! Fractals have been useful since c++
My stupid animal brain made my mouth water when seeing the bismuth pouring over what looks suspiciously like a cake.
The president joke was dope
Thank you for the video.
Yeah, this was a concept that was kicked around a bit by our research team mainly for cryptography like what if we could have a cryptographic trap door that has a fractal depth that requires a specific back propagation to unlock
Sabine for president!
Was she born in Germany?
I mean she is German I think?
Fantastic! Thanks, Sabine! 😊
Stay safe there with your family! 🖖😊
Thanks a lot for the explanation how to calculate fractal dimensions.
That F to the power of D sounds like a mathematician having fun with their definitions.
Question: On topological insulators, there was a recent video about 'why ice is slippery' and scientists found it's because of crystal deformities... which were at least stable over time, if not stable over distance. If cubic ice could be grown intentionally, I wonder if it could be used to cause "edge effects" around a hexagonal ice structure? It wouldn't need to be structurally stable over large distances to be relevant for computing, or even "shaping" energy in particular ways.
Great video
I'd vote for Sabine!
The images shown are not from a scanning electron microscope (SEM), but from a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Sounds similar, but is completely different. STMs have a much better resolution, however, they are much less versatile. They are a type of atomic force microscope that use an atomically sharp tip to scan a sample surface.
Fractals are everywhere. Pretty cool video - thanks for the info 😎🍷
HOLY SH, what a dis from Sabine! 😂💀
"Don't blame me too much please, I've probably forgotten more than you've ever known..."
I know what to say next time I forget something lul...
🤣
Reminds me of a question I have: When a snowflake forms, it is symmetrical. How do the various arms of the flake "know" what exact forms are being taken on the opposite sides, simultaneously?
They form in a tight space of proportional conditions. They don't *know* anything other than Temp. Humidity. Pressure. For each individual nucleus, those conditions are equal. To the system as a whole, those conditions are not equal, hence the variations.
An analogy would be:
A billion cars all drive the same streets consume the same gas and go the same speed. However, not one car has the exact same mileage.
@@Sammasambuddhaindeed and snowflakes are not precisely symmetrical due to slight differences in the environment but very close. I’ve had a lot of fun writing programs to simulate snowflake formations
@@Sammasambuddha That is my supposition as well. However, are there differences that appear the further from the center you get in a single snowflake? And between two snowflakes that form near one another, are they nearly identical? Do more variations appear the further from one another the snowflakes are?
First time I've heard of non-integer dimensions, really interesting concept!
@sabine I believe the message of the video is wrong or at least strongly misleading. Topological quantum computing is done on the basis of braiding of anyons which requires non-invertible topological order (except some proposals using majorana modes in superconductors). Topological insulators do not have this kind of order an do not host anyons. Their topological invariants classify free fermionic states while an emergent description in terms of fractionalized quasiparticles necessarily needs strong interactions to generate such a non-trivial RG flow in the IR.
Feel free to correct me if a proposal using integer (spin) Hall edge states does exist, but so far I‘m not aware of any.
great video as usual, thank you. I didn't understand this bit: "The Sierpinsky triangle, if you decrease the size of a triangle by a factor 2, then the area increases by a factor 3. Not as you would expect, 4." What is ment by "decrease the size"? Is that going from the initial whole triangle->deviding into 4 smaller ones, removing the middle one? But how can the area then increase? I'm probably thinking along the wrong path.
that's interesting. I think about this quite a lot, in the context of family, and what it must be like to know grandparents who died long before you were ever thought of. I think organic substances will probably be how we solve the noise problem. The thing that worries me is holding brains which were grown in a jar hostage, that really shouldn't be done.
But, like humans today, if your environment is =X, then your accepted situation is =X.
You wouldn't know better to complain about it.
You’ve definitely got my vote 😍
1:54 LOL!
Bismuth has always had the most bizarre crystalline structure. It's like natures middle finger to entropy :)
Fun and amusing. Thanks.
(likely) Random connection, "The Era of 1-bit LLMs: All Large Language Models are in 1.58 Bits" is a 4 month old LLM paper that's also exploring 1.58 dimensional space (and I believe arguing that all LLMs can (and maybe should?) be represented with 1.58 bit depth)
My home fractal:
Me: 🤔"Did you brush your teeth?"
Daughter: 😃 "Sure."
Me: 🤨"Go brush your teeth.:
Daughter: 😛 "Okay."
Me: 🤔"Did you brush your teeth?"
Daughter: 😃 "Sure."
Me: 🤨"Go brush your teeth.:
Daughter: 😛 "Okay."
Me: 🤔"Did you brush your teeth?"
Daughter: 😃 "Sure."
Me: 🤨"Go brush your teeth.:
Daughter: 😛 "Okay."
Me: 🤔"Did you brush your teeth?"
Daughter: 😃 "Sure."
Me: 🤨"Go brush your teeth.:
Daughter: 😛 "Okay."
...forever...
A "D" cell battery has 1.58 volts of electricity when it is new :)
OMG! This is it! This is the first "how it works" window we've had in a hundred years. (Probably... 😂) Your description, about half way through, describes LIPIDS!!! Hello! This is enormously important for understanding water chemistry, structures down at the scale of 10nm, and thus for solving global warming! (...just sayin' 😊)
The best scientific channel! However, what is the relationship berween the quantum effect presented on this video and the Josephson effect (a must for quantum computers)? Also, dimension cannot be 1.58, "dimension" is an integer. Unless we are talking about Hausdorff dimensions.
1:58 that's some third degree burn right there
Bismuth cake goes well with mercury tea.
Excellent !!