Antibiotics pharmacology, Metronidazole pharmacology, mechanism, side effect, pharmacology made easy

▪ Metronidazole antibiotic is basically an antiprotozoal and anti-amebic drug. Metronidazole is a bactericidal antibiotic. This video will help you to understand pharmacology, mechanism of action, side effects and clinical uses of metronidazole. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for the treatment of pseudo membranous colitis caused by the an aerobic, gram-positive bacillus Clostridium difficile and is also effective in the treatment of brain abscesses caused by these organisms.
▪ Mechanism of Action of Metronidazole:
Metronidazole is selectively toxic to anaerobic micro organisms. Metronidazole is a prodrug that is activated by reduction of the nitro group by susceptible organisms. anaerobic and micro aerophilic pathogens contain electron transport components, that have a sufficiently negative redox potential to donate electrons to metronidazole. After entering the cell by diffusion, the nitro group of metronidazole, is reduced by certain redox proteins, operative only in an aerobic microbes to highly reactive nitro radical which exerts cytotoxicity. The nitro group of metronidazole is able to serve as an electron acceptor, forming reduced cytotoxic compounds that bind to proteins and DNA, resulting in cell death.
▪ Pharmacokinetics:
Metronidazole is completely and rapidly absorbed after oral administration. Metronidazole distributes well throughout body tissues and fluids. Less than 20% of the drug is bound to plasma proteins. With the exception of the placenta, metronidazole penetrates well into body tissues and fluids, including vaginal secretions, seminal fluid, saliva, and breast milk. Therapeutic concentrations also are achieved in CSF. It is metabolized in liver primarily by oxidation and glucuronide conjugation. And excreted in urine, with Plasma half life of about 8 hrs.
▪ Side Effects of Metronidazole:
The most common adverse effects are those associated with the gastrointestinal tract. including nausea, vomiting, epigastric distress, and abdominal cramps. An unpleasant, metallic taste is often experienced. Other effects include oral moniliasis which is basically a yeast infection of mouth. And, rarely cause, neuro-toxicologic problems, such as dizziness, vertigo, seizures and peripheral neuropathy.
▪ Metronidazole is primarily indicated in conditions like:
* Amoebiasis (Drug of First Choice)
* Giardiasis
* Trichomonas vaginitis (Drug of Choice)
* Metronidazole is the drug of choice for the treatment of pseudomembranous colitis.
* Metronidazole also is used in patients with Crohn’s disease, and Helicobacter pylori infection.
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Chapters:
00:00 - Intro
00:10 - Metronidazole Pharmacology
00:58 - Metronidazole Mechanism of Action
01:52 - Pharmacokinetics of Metronidazole
02:37 - Metronidazole Side Effects
03:08 - Metronidazole Contraindications
03:22 - Metronidazole Uses
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Disclaimer:
"Content is For Informational & Education Purpose Only, Creamed From Various Authentic Books of Pharmacy & Medicine. The Video Content is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition."
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