The phase angle at which this went over my head was incredible - the frequency at which it happened was in the gigahertz! LOL! Thanks for the video Dave, I’ll need to rewatch it a few times for sure. W0CHT
Great as always Dave! Recommended to my Basic Certificate class. One small slip at 19:10 you mean "inductors" and capacitors, not resistors are opposite in phase. Be sure to see Dave's column in QST. Cheers and 73
i think the questioner might have been confused by seeing a capacitor value change over different frequencies on an antenna analyzer as i have. Also I found this on digikey "Since capacitance changes with frequency, industry standards specify the test frequency at 1MHz, 1kHz, or 120Hz." But what Dave was explaining is important for antenna design.
From Richard VE3RKK: Thank you Dave for an excellent presentation. But I continue to challenge the terminology used when referring to the difference between capacitive and inductive reactance simply because it causes confusion. I am fairly new to 'Hamonics' and, having a heck of a time restlling with the "lead/lag" explanation used, I had to fall back on memorizing the textbook explanation for my exam. The FACT of the matter, as I see it, and you spoke of it before falling back to the 'Hamonics' explanation is that BOTH inductive and capacitive reactance LAG the phase but capacitive reactance lags sufficiently more that it APPEARS to lead the NEXT cycle which is analogous to declaring a runner in a race, who fell so far behind he/she is short one complete lap on the track but because he/she crossed the finish line ahead of the competitors he/she is declared the winner. For a novice staring at an oscilloscope it is understandable how one could declare capacitive reactance leading the wave without understanding it is actually almost a cycle behind it which I deduce it takes longer to 'charge' a capacitor, the voltage has to drop before it releases it, then an inductor (comparison of like reactance in ohms)? Am I correct and if so why is it taught that capacitive reactance leads the phase which, in reality would mean electricity is being "produced" from nothing.
This was the best 30 minutes spent today. I struggled on you tube for 2+ years to understand reactance and impedance :) The way you explained it made all the difference. Merry Christmas!
Dave, this takes me back to Fort Monmouth Signal School over fifty years ago, struggling to become a Tactical Microwave Radio technician, then up to 2016 studying for my Extra exam and using pneumonic devices like "Eli the Iceman" (thanks to Gordon West) for about three days! Sat for exam and only missed TWO! Returned home, drank a couple of beers, and slept twelve hours. Thanks Dave! Bill/WW5MB
Studying for my Tech/General. This info is priceless and brings back some college info I knew well 40 years ago, but has been dormant. Can't thank you enough for sharing your abundant knowledge w/o cost. May God bless u.
This was a fantastic video, Dave! In the past, I've learned enough to pass the licensing exams, but I struggled to *really* understand the concepts. You're drawings, combined with your explanations helped me to finally get a good, useful understanding. Thanks so much!
Thanks for sharing all your wisdom Dave! I've been a ham for awhile now but I have a low "capacitance" for remembering these things which gives me more "inductance" to refer to your videos with more "frequency" and you explain things so WELL I have WAY less "resistance" to watching your videos with more "frequency"! (This HAS to be the best ham/dad joke of the century?!😁) 73!
Again, a super explanation by Super Dave Casler. I'll keep this for future reference as I study for my Extra license. Thanks, Dave and Merry Christmas!
This is fantastic. Reactance makes so much sense. Also, I appreciate that you mentioned that reactive capacitance only *appears* to lead the base phase because it's so far behind that it's in front! That made a lot of sense and clarifies that for me as well. Thanks for the "long winded" (your words) explanation. It was very welcome to this curious ham.
Thank you Dave. It seems no matter how many times I read or watch videos about this subject I still have trouble relating it to how to use the information regarding antennas. Could you do a UA-cam video on how you change antennas with high inductance or resistance? Also interpreting the information on an antenna analyzer with regards to Capacitance, Inductance, and Resistance.
A capacitor passes the "effects" of AC. Like a diaphram in the middle of a pipe. An oscillating liquid pressure would push/pull the diaphram passing the "effect" but not passing the actual liquid.....
verry good explain! i for my self learned this in time of my education . but i have to say ...you did this better and in less time than my Prof. was able to do ;) thank you for repetate what i learned in the past! best 73!
I love you Dave I wish you had showed the phase angle change when an inductor or capacitor is in line with a resistor. An Inductor will have a phase angle of 90 degrees, but with resistance included it will have a phase angle of less than 90 degrees (depending on the resistance value)
You do an excellent job of explaining things :) It feels to me like you have a Physics background, but know enough to explain the basics in a straightforward way.
I passed my Amateur Extra exam in under 10 minutes with a 50/50 ace, but I'd like to say this is one of the best visual explanations I have seen. One question: I see 2xpi (two times Pi) used often in your formulas. Have you ever considered using Tao in it's place when applicable?
To make it even more complicated there's an exception when you make an air core solenoid, then you have an inductor that also has capacitance in between the windings. I make tesla coils for hobby and one of the hardest things to do is getting the primary and secondary coils in tune to create scalar waves which causes the plasma breakout.
Hay Dave! Merry Christmas. No snow for us this year around the holidays, Primary presentation got canceled and had one hour Church but the Spirit was nevertheless felt by most. I'm working on my general and will try to test early in 2021 keeping my fingers crossed your vids help a lot. God bless KI7RJS Don...
All capacitors and inductors apparent value will change with frequency, the construction of the part will determine by how much. Take for example an electrolytic capacitor. To get a large value they are typically 2 thin foil plates with a dielectric material. This is then wound into a spiral to fit it inside the housing. This spiral also creates an inductance. If you put one on a network analyzer and do a frequency sweep using a smith chart it will be going between capacitance and inductance with frequency. Of course most people know not to use an electrolytic with RF applied to it. Resistors can also have this problem. Some higher power resistors are made from a resistive wire wrapped around a core which also makes it an inductor. Using these in audio frequency range will not be an issue as the inductance will be small enough to ignore. Once it gets into RF regions then the inductance starts to become apparent and even dominate. Inductors are not immune either, adjacent windings act as a capacitor. As you go up in frequency it will 'look' like a capacitor at some point. So the short answer is the calculated value is always that, but know what frequency range you can use the part in.
This does shed SOME Light on the subject BUT it does not speak to whether an Amateur Operator building experimental antennas should care about Phase Angle, whether it is affected by or affects resonance or antenna efficiency and how one might go about adjusting or changing Phase Angle. I'm know that by looking at Real Resistance and a Smith Chart, one can correct for Impedance / capacitance/ inductance mismatches and an antenna tuner can do that for you. What is missing in my mind is how one can adjust or correct it on the antenna itself to improve radiating efficiency. This is simply the missing piece(s) of the puzzle for me and other "experts" I have talked to.
Easy way to remember phasing: Capicitance, I(current) leads Voltage spells CIV Voltage leads I(current) for L(inductance) spells VIL Add CIV + VIL spells CIVIL Hope it's useful to those studying for their license... J
Thanks!
Great learning from someone that knows what he is talking about.
The phase angle at which this went over my head was incredible - the frequency at which it happened was in the gigahertz! LOL! Thanks for the video Dave, I’ll need to rewatch it a few times for sure. W0CHT
That graph with phase angle explanation as it is an expression of the frequency is everything. Graphs RULE!!
Great as always Dave! Recommended to my Basic Certificate class. One small slip at 19:10 you mean "inductors" and capacitors, not resistors are opposite in phase. Be sure to see Dave's column in QST. Cheers and 73
Thank you for opening the door! I’ll be revisiting this as I study for my Extra ticket. Very, very helpful!
Great video, best explanation I've heard so far.
i think the questioner might have been confused by seeing a capacitor value change over different frequencies on an antenna analyzer as i have. Also I found this on digikey "Since capacitance changes with frequency, industry standards specify the test frequency at 1MHz, 1kHz, or 120Hz." But what Dave was explaining is important for antenna design.
From Richard VE3RKK: Thank you Dave for an excellent presentation. But I continue to challenge the terminology used when referring to the difference between capacitive and inductive reactance simply because it causes confusion. I am fairly new to 'Hamonics' and, having a heck of a time restlling with the "lead/lag" explanation used, I had to fall back on memorizing the textbook explanation for my exam. The FACT of the matter, as I see it, and you spoke of it before falling back to the 'Hamonics' explanation is that BOTH inductive and capacitive reactance LAG the phase but capacitive reactance lags sufficiently more that it APPEARS to lead the NEXT cycle which is analogous to declaring a runner in a race, who fell so far behind he/she is short one complete lap on the track but because he/she crossed the finish line ahead of the competitors he/she is declared the winner.
For a novice staring at an oscilloscope it is understandable how one could declare capacitive reactance leading the wave without understanding it is actually almost a cycle behind it which I deduce it takes longer to 'charge' a capacitor, the voltage has to drop before it releases it, then an inductor (comparison of like reactance in ohms)?
Am I correct and if so why is it taught that capacitive reactance leads the phase which, in reality would mean electricity is being "produced" from nothing.
This was the best 30 minutes spent today. I struggled on you tube for 2+ years to understand reactance and impedance :) The way you explained it made all the difference.
Merry Christmas!
Thank you very much for this. The material is difficult for me, but fascinating, which I think is good?! Lol
Bravo! Bravissimo Amigo! Well Done.
Dave, this takes me back to Fort Monmouth Signal School over fifty years ago, struggling to become a Tactical Microwave Radio technician, then up to 2016 studying for my Extra exam and using pneumonic devices like "Eli the Iceman" (thanks to Gordon West) for about three days! Sat for exam and only missed TWO! Returned home, drank a couple of beers, and slept twelve hours. Thanks Dave! Bill/WW5MB
Studying for my Tech/General. This info is priceless and brings back some college info I knew well 40 years ago, but has been dormant. Can't thank you enough for sharing your abundant knowledge w/o cost. May God bless u.
Well explained but I may need to watch it a few times before it sinks into my geriatric head!
Im going to have to watch this a few times. Thanks Dave!!
This was a fantastic video, Dave! In the past, I've learned enough to pass the licensing exams, but I struggled to *really* understand the concepts. You're drawings, combined with your explanations helped me to finally get a good, useful understanding. Thanks so much!
The best video ever!! I'll watch it many times. I was taught this in school but not nearly as well. I was grinning ear to ear every second!!
Loved it, it brought back memories of being in collage in the 70's learning all this in my electronics course.
Ditto!
So good! Thank you!
Thanks for sharing all your wisdom Dave! I've been a ham for awhile now but I have a low "capacitance" for remembering these things which gives me more "inductance" to refer to your videos with more "frequency" and you explain things so WELL I have WAY less "resistance" to watching your videos with more "frequency"! (This HAS to be the best ham/dad joke of the century?!😁) 73!
Again, a super explanation by Super Dave Casler. I'll keep this for future reference as I study for my Extra license. Thanks, Dave and Merry Christmas!
ditto, extra is a bigger leap than tech to general...
Great video. Keep up the great work. Your videos are so helpful.. Merry Christmas and 73.
This is fantastic. Reactance makes so much sense. Also, I appreciate that you mentioned that reactive capacitance only *appears* to lead the base phase because it's so far behind that it's in front! That made a lot of sense and clarifies that for me as well. Thanks for the "long winded" (your words) explanation. It was very welcome to this curious ham.
Thank you Dave. It seems no matter how many times I read or watch videos about this subject I still have trouble relating it to how to use the information regarding antennas. Could you do a UA-cam video on how you change antennas with high inductance or resistance? Also interpreting the information on an antenna analyzer with regards to Capacitance, Inductance, and Resistance.
I'm a newbie but you make this completely understandable! Thanks!
THANKS, FOR THIS GREAT REVIEW/LESSON, DAVID!!...
Thank you.
ELI and ICE.
MERRY CHRISTMAS. N0QFT
ELI the ICE man! :D
Thank you.
A capacitor passes the "effects" of AC. Like a diaphram in the middle of a pipe. An oscillating liquid pressure would push/pull the diaphram passing the "effect" but not passing the actual liquid.....
well put
verry good explain!
i for my self learned this in time of my education .
but i have to say ...you did this better and in less time than my Prof. was able to do ;)
thank you for repetate what i learned in the past!
best 73!
Near perfecto explanation 😎🤘
Thanks Dave. This renewed my understanding of L, C, and R.
Happy New Year from the UK.
73 de Malc M0IYI
You are a smart man, David. A real strong LEADER to the HAM Radio Community. Thank you.
Michael VA6XMB
I love you Dave
I wish you had showed the phase angle change when an inductor or capacitor is in line with a resistor. An Inductor will have a phase angle of 90 degrees, but with resistance included it will have a phase angle of less than 90 degrees (depending on the resistance value)
You do an excellent job of explaining things :) It feels to me like you have a Physics background, but know enough to explain the basics in a straightforward way.
I passed my Amateur Extra exam in under 10 minutes with a 50/50 ace, but I'd like to say this is one of the best visual explanations I have seen.
One question: I see 2xpi (two times Pi) used often in your formulas.
Have you ever considered using Tao in it's place when applicable?
To make it even more complicated there's an exception when you make an air core solenoid, then you have an inductor that also has capacitance in between the windings.
I make tesla coils for hobby and one of the hardest things to do is getting the primary and secondary coils in tune to create scalar waves which causes the plasma breakout.
Hay Dave! Merry Christmas. No snow for us this year around the holidays, Primary presentation got canceled and had one hour Church but the Spirit was nevertheless felt by most. I'm working on my general and will try to test early in 2021 keeping my fingers crossed your vids help a lot. God bless KI7RJS Don...
Thanks. Good common sense explanations. Although doesn't cap ac current truly lead?
Takes me back to my electronics training with the British Army...
Bravo, Dave
Link to article way?
How about a video on admittance and susceptance? Still have trouble there.
Great video, Dave! Why do we ignore phase angle? Does it have any effects on common operation of a station?
All capacitors and inductors apparent value will change with frequency, the construction of the part will determine by how much. Take for example an electrolytic capacitor. To get a large value they are typically 2 thin foil plates with a dielectric material. This is then wound into a spiral to fit it inside the housing. This spiral also creates an inductance. If you put one on a network analyzer and do a frequency sweep using a smith chart it will be going between capacitance and inductance with frequency.
Of course most people know not to use an electrolytic with RF applied to it.
Resistors can also have this problem. Some higher power resistors are made from a resistive wire wrapped around a core which also makes it an inductor. Using these in audio frequency range will not be an issue as the inductance will be small enough to ignore. Once it gets into RF regions then the inductance starts to become apparent and even dominate.
Inductors are not immune either, adjacent windings act as a capacitor. As you go up in frequency it will 'look' like a capacitor at some point.
So the short answer is the calculated value is always that, but know what frequency range you can use the part in.
Excellent video Dave!
73, KC5UNU
Did I miss it?- if RG-6 is 70 ohms, then what expensive RG cable is 50 ohms? Please point to time stamp on video so I can share.
This does shed SOME Light on the subject BUT it does not speak to whether an Amateur Operator building experimental antennas should care about Phase Angle, whether it is affected by or affects resonance or antenna efficiency and how one might go about adjusting or changing Phase Angle. I'm know that by looking at Real Resistance and a Smith Chart, one can correct for Impedance / capacitance/ inductance mismatches and an antenna tuner can do that for you. What is missing in my mind is how one can adjust or correct it on the antenna itself to improve radiating efficiency. This is simply the missing piece(s) of the puzzle for me and other "experts" I have talked to.
Awesome! Thank you for this great explanation!!
Another great show. Thank you David . There should be a quiz with this show. Just a joke. KD9HWH
Easy way to remember phasing:
Capicitance, I(current) leads Voltage spells CIV
Voltage leads I(current) for L(inductance) spells VIL
Add CIV + VIL spells CIVIL
Hope it's useful to those studying for their license... J
The easiest way to remember ELI the ICE man is the best way.
Dave, remember ELI the ICE man...?
Great videos Dave. De KC3NLS
Glad you like them!
Fantastic video! I could have listened to you get way more in depth. KD5QZG
ESCARGENCY RESEARCH TEMPUS OMNIUS REVELATHE