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Advanced Botany
India
Приєднався 18 жов 2023
Advanced Botany’ provides clear and concise explanations of each concept of Botany (Plant Science) using simple language that is easy for students to understand. It equips students with essential knowledge and technical skills to study plants in a holistic manner. We start with the basic concepts and foundation knowledge that students need to understand before moving on to advanced ideas. ‘Advanced Botany’ channel helps students to prepare for college and university exams and also for other competitive exams like CSIR-UGC NET, UPSC and IFS. With "Advanced Botany", candidates can comprehensively understand Botany and its practical applications.
Somatic Embryogenesis-Role of Secreted Molecules and Embryonic Proteins
#somaticembryogenesis #embryonicdevelopment #embryonicproteins #plantembryo #plantreproduction
Somatic embryogenesis is the process by which asexual (somatic) cells develop into plants under in vitro conditions.
Besides hormones known to stimulate embryo formation, other classes of molecules have been identified as embryo-stimulating factors.
During embryo formation in plants, different types of molecules, mainly oligosaccharides, enzymes and arabinogalactan proteins are synthesized and secreted into the cell environment.
A total of 801 proteins have been reported in the somatic embryo at the globular, heart, torpedo and cotyledonary developmental stages.
The globular-staged presented a higher number of unique proteins.
Proteins related to mitochondrial metabolism accumulated to a high degree at the early developmental stages.
Protein metabolism is very intense in embryogenic cells.
Therefore, protein metabolism represents a key event in the early development of somatic embryos....
Somatic embryogenesis is the process by which asexual (somatic) cells develop into plants under in vitro conditions.
Besides hormones known to stimulate embryo formation, other classes of molecules have been identified as embryo-stimulating factors.
During embryo formation in plants, different types of molecules, mainly oligosaccharides, enzymes and arabinogalactan proteins are synthesized and secreted into the cell environment.
A total of 801 proteins have been reported in the somatic embryo at the globular, heart, torpedo and cotyledonary developmental stages.
The globular-staged presented a higher number of unique proteins.
Proteins related to mitochondrial metabolism accumulated to a high degree at the early developmental stages.
Protein metabolism is very intense in embryogenic cells.
Therefore, protein metabolism represents a key event in the early development of somatic embryos....
Переглядів: 13
Відео
Monocot vs Dicot Leaves
Переглядів 1212 годин тому
Monocotyledonous leaves are narrow and elongated with parallel venation, which is often used to distinguish monocotyledonous plants from dicots. Dicotyledonous leaves are usually rounded with reticulate venation that can be distinguished from monocotyledonous leaves in their structure and anatomy....
Gene Action during Plant Embryogenesis
Переглядів 2419 годин тому
#plantreproduction #plantembryo #embryogenesis #genes Plant embryo development depends on the coordinated expression of several genes. Genetic analyses of embryo-defective mutants have allowed a large number of genes with essential cellular and regulatory functions. More than 500 embryo-defective (EMB) mutants have been identified. EMB genes are broadly defined as essential genes whose function...
Fungal toxins
Переглядів 19День тому
#fungi #fungaltoxins #mycotoxins Fungal toxins or Mycotoxins are low-molecular-weight natural products produced as secondary metabolites by filamentous fungi. The term mycotoxin was coined in 1962. Mycotoxins represent a very diverse group that differ from each other structurally and in their toxicity. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is well known mycotoxin for its great public health impact. Mycotoxins ca...
Pteridophytes-The Telome theory
Переглядів 12221 день тому
#pteridophytes #telometheory Telome theory was proposed by Walter Zimmermann (1930). According to this theory, all vascular plants evolved either directly or indirectly from a simple leafless Rhynia type ancestral form made up of sterile and fertile axes (the telomes). Evolutionary modification of its parts produce more advanced vascular plants. The telome is the single-nerved extreme portion (...
Heterospory and Seed Habit In Pteridophytes
Переглядів 24721 день тому
#pteridophytes #heterospory #seedhabit The phenomenon of the development of two types of spores by the same species Microspores: develop into male gametophytes and Megaspores: produce female gametophytes Amongst bryophytes, only Macromitrium (a moss) shows some amount of heterospory Heterosporous pteridophytes: Selaginella, Isoetes, Stylites, Marsilea, Pilularia, Regnellidium, Salvinia, Azolla ...
Pteridophytes- Reproduction from Evolutionary Viewpoint
Переглядів 5721 день тому
#pteridophytes Vegetative reproduction By the formation of gemmae or bulbils Examples: Psilotum, Lycopodium phlegmaria, and L. selago. By bulbils: Example: Selaginella sp. Fragmentation Examples: Lycopodium, Slaginella, Dryopteris, Pteris, Adiantum. Formation of Tubers Examples: Marsilea species, Lycopodium renulosum Selaginella species and Equisetum species Formation of Adventitious Buds Examp...
Pteridophytes-Structure from evolutionary viewpoint (Stelar evolution)
Переглядів 65Місяць тому
#pteridophytes #stelarsystem The stele (Greek word meaning pillar or column) is defined as a central vascular cylinder, with or without pith. Endodermis is the boundary between cortex and stele. The central cylinder or core of vascular tissue, consisting of xylem, phloem, pericycle and sometimes mudullary rays and pith, is technically called the stele. The concept of the stele as the fundamenta...
Pteridophytes-General Characteristics & Economic Importance
Переглядів 87Місяць тому
#pteridophytes The word Pteridophyta has Greek origin; Pteron means a “feather” and Phyton means plants. The group of pteridophyta included into Cryptogams Pteridophytes also called Vascular cryptogames All cryptogams reproduce by means of spores and do not produce seeds The Peridophytes are assemblage of flowerless, seedless, spore bearing vascular plants, that have successfully invaded the la...
Molecular basis of infection and disease resistance/defence
Переглядів 202Місяць тому
Plants face a multitude of attackers such as herbivorous insects and pathogenic microbes. During the invasion process, plant pathogens degrade the cell wall by synthesizing and liberating cell wall-degrading enzymes. Once pathogens penetrate the cell wall, the plant two-tiered innate immune system is activated to counter-attack pathogen invasion. Whether the pathogen can infect a plant or not d...
Classification of viruses
Переглядів 53Місяць тому
#virus #virusclassification #botany There are currently over 2800 different viral species with very different properties. One classification scheme was developed in the 1970s by Nobel laureate David Baltimore. The Baltimore classification system categorizes viruses based on the type of nucleic acid genome and replication strategy of the virus. The system also breaks down single-stranded RNA vir...
Symmetry and Chemical composition of Virus
Переглядів 23Місяць тому
#virus #virusstructure #virussymmetry In geometry, symmetry is defined as a balanced and proportionate similarity that is found in two halves of an object. It means one-half is the mirror image of the other half. The imaginary line or axis along which we can fold a figure to obtain the symmetrical halves is called the line of symmetry. Only two kinds of symmetry have been recognized in viruses....
Structure of Virus
Переглядів 42Місяць тому
Viruses are microscopic organisms that can infect hosts, like humans, plants or animals. They’re a small piece of genetic information (DNA or RNA) inside of a protective shell (capsid). Some viruses also have an envelope. Viruses can’t reproduce without a host. Viruses are smaller and simpler in construction They contain only one type of nucleic acid-either DNA or RNA-never both They are comple...
Storage Proteins of the Endosperm and the Embryo
Переглядів 2952 місяці тому
#seedstorageproteins #endosperm #embryology #plantembryo #plantreproduction #seeds Seed storage proteins (SSPs): accumulate in seeds during the late stages of development maintain seeds in a viable state accumulate mainly in the embryo, cotyledons (dicot) or the endosperm (monocot) serve as a reservoir of amino acids, reduced nitrogen, carbon, and sulfur Globulins are the most common storage pr...
Alternative Oxidase (AOX)
Переглядів 1332 місяці тому
#alternativeoxidase #aox The AOX is an integral protein (32-36 kDa) of the inner mitochondrial membrane. AOX is induced in response to different environmental stress factors and inhibition of the respiratory chain. Electron transport through AOX is not coupled with ATP synthesis. AOX is member of a non-heme diiron carboxylate family of proteins, located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. The ...
Structure and Reproduction/multiplication of Viroids
Переглядів 1342 місяці тому
Structure and Reproduction/multiplication of Viroids
Cell lineage during Late Embryo development in Plants
Переглядів 3272 місяці тому
Cell lineage during Late Embryo development in Plants
Ultrastructure and Nuclear cytology during Late Embryo development in Plants
Переглядів 1262 місяці тому
Ultrastructure and Nuclear cytology during Late Embryo development in Plants
Embryo pattern formation and its regulation
Переглядів 1572 місяці тому
Embryo pattern formation and its regulation
Evolutionary Aspects of Plant Embryogenesis
Переглядів 1132 місяці тому
Evolutionary Aspects of Plant Embryogenesis
Difference between Angiosperms and Gymnosperms
Переглядів 1373 місяці тому
Difference between Angiosperms and Gymnosperms
Thank you mam.
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please do more about algae
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Most welcome 😊
Hello ma'am Can you provide this lecture PPT?
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Thank u so much Mam 💯👍👏👌❤️☺️🙏🙂 Jay Jagannath Jay Maa Laxmi
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Pls. Continue mam Love u 💓 😊
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Mam please complete full lectures mama we are in very need of these lectures thank you 😢
Mam love you mam Pls provide complete botany optional
Next video please. Your videos are very helpful. I have botany optional. I want to be a Forest Officer. I am doing self study.
Coming soon!
@@AdvancedBotany thank you.
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Best info
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Explain in hindi 🙏🙏
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n1-Methylpseudouridylation of mRNA causes +1ribosomal frameshifting published December 6 by Mulroney et al. Would this not cause prion formation?
The COVID-19 vaccines made by Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna are nucleoside modified RNA (modRNA) vaccines, in which the uridine residues have been replaced with N1-methylpseudouridine (1-methylΨ). In this study, Mulroney et al. (2023) vaccinated mice with the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine (BNT162b2) and examined T-cell responses in vitro to proteins they synthesized based on the sequence produced by a +1 frameshift and discovered that misreading of therapeutic mRNAs by the cell’s decoding machinery can cause an unintended immune response in the body. Researchers also noted that 1-methylΨ does not affect codon misreading but it affects protein synthesis rates and ribosome density on mRNAs. Study concluded that “off-target” or unintended proteins are formed after vaccination with BNT162b2 due to frameshifting. But these unintended or “off-target” proteins have not been isolated from vaccinated patients with the Pfizer COVID-19 and Moderna vaccine. However, the existence of “off-target” proteins in this study is evidenced only on the basis of the specific cellular immune responses elicited to frameshifted proteins. Until the full sequence of these proteins is not available, it is too early to say anything about the nature of these proteins. Further research in this area is needed in order to gain better understanding of the nature of these unintended proteins. Thank you.
Thank you Mam it’s really helping Video to me ❤