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Sahand Hooshmand
Приєднався 26 жов 2008
X-Ray Attenuation: Explained!
👋 Hello everyone, in this video I explain X-Ray Attenuation in detail, talking about how x-rays are either 1) Absorbed, 2) Scattered, or 3) Traverse the material. If you know someone struggling with it send them the video. Enjoy!
Textbook used in this video: Medical Imaging Physics (4th ed.) by William R. Hendee, Ph.D. and E. Russell Ritenour, Ph.D.
Hendee, W. R., & Ritenour, E. R. (2002). Medical imaging physics (4th ed.). Wiley-Liss.
phyusdb.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/hendee-w-r-medical-imaging-physics-wiley2002.pdf
🎥 Check out some of my other recent videos:
Elastic Scattering: Explained! ua-cam.com/video/3jNYl9vWpTY/v-deo.html
Photoelectric Absorption: Explained! ua-cam.com/video/ks8x3iCBd2A/v-deo.html
Compton Scatter: Explained! ua-cam.com/video/Q02d0j-dK6U/v-deo.html
Linear Attenuation Coefficient (µ): Explained! ua-cam.com/video/wlkB1FJWXD8/v-deo.html
Mass Attenuation Coefficient (μ/ρ): Explained! ua-cam.com/video/WTxz0W_1Cz0/v-deo.html
⌚️ Timestamps:
0:00 - Intro
0:23 - Attenuation of Radiation
1:45 - Formulae
3:51 - Mean Path Length
4:21 - Probability of Interaction
5:46 - Attenuation in Tissue
7:13 - Dependence on Atomic Number
9:05 - Effective Atomic Numbers
9:40 - Electron Density
10:25 - Attenuation Rapidity
11:05 - Energy Absorption in Bone
11:52 - Recap
12:20 - Outro
💬 If there's a particular topic you'd like for me to cover, make it a comment below.
📎 MY KEY LINKS:
👔 LinkedIn - www.linkedin.com/in/sahand-hooshmand-phd-a72b97118/
🐦 X - X.com/sahand119
🎓 USYD Profile - sydney.edu.au/medicine-health/about/our-people/academic-staff/sahand-hooshmand.html
🥼 ResearchGate - www.researchgate.net/profile/Sahand-Hooshmand
📝 Thesis - ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/29893
📰 Latest Publication - www.birpublications.org/doi/full/10.1259/bjr.20230250
WHO AM I:
I'm Sahand, a Lecturer and Radiographer (and now UA-camr?) in Sydney AUS. I received my PhD (Medicine and Health) in 2023 on breast cancer imaging and radiation dose. I'm a lifelong learner, forever curious about the day to day things, and I'm here to make videos and give you my own unique take on the concepts that you may need some extra help with.
🔔 Subscribe if you'd like to see more :)
Textbook used in this video: Medical Imaging Physics (4th ed.) by William R. Hendee, Ph.D. and E. Russell Ritenour, Ph.D.
Hendee, W. R., & Ritenour, E. R. (2002). Medical imaging physics (4th ed.). Wiley-Liss.
phyusdb.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/hendee-w-r-medical-imaging-physics-wiley2002.pdf
🎥 Check out some of my other recent videos:
Elastic Scattering: Explained! ua-cam.com/video/3jNYl9vWpTY/v-deo.html
Photoelectric Absorption: Explained! ua-cam.com/video/ks8x3iCBd2A/v-deo.html
Compton Scatter: Explained! ua-cam.com/video/Q02d0j-dK6U/v-deo.html
Linear Attenuation Coefficient (µ): Explained! ua-cam.com/video/wlkB1FJWXD8/v-deo.html
Mass Attenuation Coefficient (μ/ρ): Explained! ua-cam.com/video/WTxz0W_1Cz0/v-deo.html
⌚️ Timestamps:
0:00 - Intro
0:23 - Attenuation of Radiation
1:45 - Formulae
3:51 - Mean Path Length
4:21 - Probability of Interaction
5:46 - Attenuation in Tissue
7:13 - Dependence on Atomic Number
9:05 - Effective Atomic Numbers
9:40 - Electron Density
10:25 - Attenuation Rapidity
11:05 - Energy Absorption in Bone
11:52 - Recap
12:20 - Outro
💬 If there's a particular topic you'd like for me to cover, make it a comment below.
📎 MY KEY LINKS:
👔 LinkedIn - www.linkedin.com/in/sahand-hooshmand-phd-a72b97118/
🐦 X - X.com/sahand119
🎓 USYD Profile - sydney.edu.au/medicine-health/about/our-people/academic-staff/sahand-hooshmand.html
🥼 ResearchGate - www.researchgate.net/profile/Sahand-Hooshmand
📝 Thesis - ses.library.usyd.edu.au/handle/2123/29893
📰 Latest Publication - www.birpublications.org/doi/full/10.1259/bjr.20230250
WHO AM I:
I'm Sahand, a Lecturer and Radiographer (and now UA-camr?) in Sydney AUS. I received my PhD (Medicine and Health) in 2023 on breast cancer imaging and radiation dose. I'm a lifelong learner, forever curious about the day to day things, and I'm here to make videos and give you my own unique take on the concepts that you may need some extra help with.
🔔 Subscribe if you'd like to see more :)
Переглядів: 199
Відео
How to Download and Install ImageJ (Fiji) on Mac and Windows (and iPad!)
Переглядів 27728 днів тому
👋 Hello everyone, in this video I show you how to install ImageJ (and Fiji) and most importantly how to get over that error message. If you know someone struggling with it send them the video. Enjoy! 💻 Download links: ImageJ: imagej.net/ij/download.html Fiji: imagej.net/software/fiji/downloads iPad and iOS: ij.imjoy.io 🎥 Check out some of my other recent videos: My First Few Days On Placement (...
My First Few Days On Placement (Radiography Student): What To Expect!
Переглядів 205Місяць тому
👋 Hello everyone, in this video I take you through my experience on my first clinical placement as a radiography student, sharing insights into what I learnt and what was difficult for me, which hopefully is helpful for you. Enjoy! 🎥 Check out some of my other recent videos: How To Get Into a PhD 🎓 My Tips and Key Lessons: ua-cam.com/video/HFn3C0wa2Jg/v-deo.html Here’s what you need to do after...
Here’s what you need to do after starting a PhD
Переглядів 122Місяць тому
👋 Hello everyone, in this video I take you through all that you need to know after starting a PhD, from what a ‘Thesis’ is to what you to write for it, broken down step by step. 🎥 Check out some of my other recent videos: How To Get Into a PhD 🎓 My Tips and Key Lessons: ua-cam.com/video/HFn3C0wa2Jg/v-deo.html How I Became A Confident Speaker: ua-cam.com/video/Q9J2jn5T8VE/v-deo.html The BEST Way...
How I Became A Confident Speaker
Переглядів 6102 місяці тому
In this video, I take you through my 3 STEP process on how I became a confident speaker. You can save a lot of time and hurt if you just follow someone’s advice that’s taken that path. These are the steps that I followed to overcome my shyness and I hope they’re helpful to you. 🎥 Check out some of my other recent videos: The BEST Way to Tape Your X-Ray Markers: … How To Get Into a PhD 🎓 My Tips...
The BEST Way to Tape Your X-Ray Markers
Переглядів 2832 місяці тому
In this video, I show you the best way to tape your x-ray markers. Once you do it for yourself, share it with a friend/colleague! 🎥 Check out some of my other recent videos: How To Get Into a PhD 🎓 My Tips and Key Lessons: ua-cam.com/video/HFn3C0wa2Jg/v-deo.html Focal Spot Size: Explained! (Fine vs Broad Focus): ua-cam.com/video/g_5RtgYenDA/v-deo.html X-ray Tube Anatomy: X-Ray Production Explai...
How I Got Into a PhD 🎓 My Tips and Key Lessons
Переглядів 2392 місяці тому
In this video, I spill the beans on how to get into a PhD; talking about my journey, the things I learnt along the way, and the mistakes I've made, so you don't have to. I've included in here my pro tips and key lessons that you should apply if you're thinking of getting into a PhD. Enjoy! ▶️ Check out some of my most recent videos! Focal Spot Size: Explained! (Fine vs Broad Focus) ua-cam.com/v...
Focal Spot Size: Explained! (Fine vs Broad Focus)
Переглядів 6283 місяці тому
X-ray tube Anatomy: ua-cam.com/video/QfsUJj6BSwI/v-deo.html X-Ray Tube diagram in the thumbnail by Matt Skalski: radiopaedia.org/cases/x-ray-tube-diagrams Chest X-ray radiograph in the thumbnail from: commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chest_x-ray_-_posteroanterior_view.jpg In this video, I talk about the focal spot size, in particular the effective and actual focal spot size. I also discuss its r...
X-Ray Tube Anatomy: X-Ray Production Explained!
Переглядів 6 тис.4 місяці тому
X-Ray Tube diagram in the Thumbnail by Matt Skalski: radiopaedia.org/cases/x-ray-tube-diagrams Characteristic and Bremsstrahlung Radiation: ua-cam.com/video/1Lt35rHBevY/v-deo.html Focal Spot Size: ua-cam.com/video/g_5RtgYenDA/v-deo.html In this video, I expose (yes, pun intended) the inner workings of an X-ray tube. This is everything you need to about the anatomy of an x-ray tube and how x-ray...
The Anode Heel Effect: Explained!
Переглядів 9114 місяці тому
X-Ray Tube diagram in the Thumbnail by Matt Skalski: radiopaedia.org/cases/x-ray-tube-diagrams X-ray Tube Anatomy: ua-cam.com/video/QfsUJj6BSwI/v-deo.html Focal Spot Size: ua-cam.com/video/g_5RtgYenDA/v-deo.html Characteristic and Bremsstrahlung Radiation: ua-cam.com/video/1Lt35rHBevY/v-deo.html In this video, I talk about the Anode Heel Effect, it’s influencing factors, what it means for us (i...
Linear No-Threshold (LNT) Model: Explained!
Переглядів 6506 місяців тому
Stochastic vs Deterministic Effects: ua-cam.com/video/92wXw7-zbvA/v-deo.html Effective Dose: ua-cam.com/video/E5phnH6harY/v-deo.html In this video, I talk about the Linear No-Threshold (LNT) model, its significance in assessing cancer risk from varying doses of ionising radiation, and its implications in medical diagnostics and radiological protection. I also talk about the debate surrounding t...
Stochastic vs Deterministic Effects: Explained!
Переглядів 1,1 тис.7 місяців тому
In this video I talk about the difference between Stochastic (probabilistic) vs Deterministic (non-probabilistic) effects. I also talk about how it relates to the Linear No-Threshold (LNT) model. Linear No-Threshold (LNT) Model: Explained!: ua-cam.com/video/fmSWYoEWUwA/v-deo.html Radiographic Exposure Factors: What You Need To Know! - ua-cam.com/video/QBWmZtidIA0/v-deo.html Master Your Exposure...
KERMA Explained!
Переглядів 6977 місяців тому
In this video I talk about KERMA, a common term used in radiobiology, and what it means in the context of Absorbed Dose. Elastic Scatter: ua-cam.com/video/3jNYl9vWpTY/v-deo.html Photoelectric Absorption: ua-cam.com/video/ks8x3iCBd2A/v-deo.html Compton Scatter: ua-cam.com/video/Q02d0j-dK6U/v-deo.html Dosimetric Quantities: ua-cam.com/video/gW3mbotD7qc/v-deo.html ⌚️ Timestamps: 0:00 - Intro (KERM...
Absorbed Dose vs. Equivalent Dose vs. Effective Dose
Переглядів 3,2 тис.8 місяців тому
Dosimetric Equantities: ua-cam.com/video/gW3mbotD7qc/v-deo.html Linear Energy Transfer (LET): ua-cam.com/video/LfjC_5-AWh4/v-deo.html In this video I discuss the differences between Absorbed Dose, Equivalent Dose, and Effective Dose, and how they are all related and build upon one another. ⌚️ Timestamps: 0:00 - Intro 0:25 - Absorbed Dose 3:36 - Equivalent Dose 6:10 - Effective Dose 8:12 - Outro...
Dosimetric Quantities - Radiation Unit Basics!
Переглядів 6878 місяців тому
In this video I introduce the basics of radiation dosimetry units. The topics covered are radiation exposure, radiation dose, activity, and KERMA. ICRP 103 (2007) document ⌚️ Timestamps: 0:00 - Intro 0:30 - Radiation Exposure 2:11 - Radiation Dose 3:36 - Activity 4:02 - KERMA 4:40 - Outro 💬 If there's a particular topic you'd like for me to cover, make it a comment below. MY KEY LINKS: 🐦 Twitte...
Mass Attenuation Coefficient (μ/ρ): Explained!
Переглядів 2,5 тис.Рік тому
Mass Attenuation Coefficient (μ/ρ): Explained!
Linear Attenuation Coefficient (µ): Explained!
Переглядів 4,4 тис.Рік тому
Linear Attenuation Coefficient (µ): Explained!
Linear Energy Transfer (LET): Explained!
Переглядів 2,7 тис.Рік тому
Linear Energy Transfer (LET): Explained!
Characteristic vs Bremsstrahlung Radiation: What's The Difference?
Переглядів 6 тис.Рік тому
Characteristic vs Bremsstrahlung Radiation: What's The Difference?
Types of Radiation In Medical Imaging: A Comprehensive Guide!
Переглядів 662Рік тому
Types of Radiation In Medical Imaging: A Comprehensive Guide!
Master Your Exposure Factors in Under 5 Minutes!
Переглядів 1,7 тис.Рік тому
Master Your Exposure Factors in Under 5 Minutes!
Radiographic Exposure Factors: What You Need To Know!
Переглядів 7 тис.Рік тому
Radiographic Exposure Factors: What You Need To Know!
Can you please provide notes for X RAY, MRI, ULTRASOUND, EEG, ECG etc? 🥲 I've exam on 5th August
You don't need anyone else's notes, what will help you the most is making your own notes!
Your videos are really helpful. I think with seeing you write/draw in front of the camera while you explain it is super helpful. Is there any chance you would do videos on fluoroscopy etc?
Thank you! Fluoroscopy isn't my specialty, but my colleague and friend Don has a website all on it which he's continuously working on: www.angiographyandintervention.com/
Explained really well, thank you!
And they said being a rad tech is easy🥴 they should study this too😂
This is the fun stuff though 😅
Thank you so much for creating such insightful content, I was just wondering if you were able to film a video on productivity apps that you use on your laptop and phone, and any tips that you may have regarding time management and work life balance etc. Thank you!
Certainly, I have a lot I can talk about on that topic. I’ll work on putting together my fav productivity apps first 👌🏼
Great content, well put together, what music do you use in the video?
This one is called Nocturnal Waltz by Johannes Bornlöf, I generally get the music for these videos from epidemic sound
With the HBL hip projection, X-ray tube cathode-anode orientation is from anterior to posterior, while your intrinsic attenuation difference is cranial-caudal. So I don't see any benefit from the anode heel effect.
Welcome back buddy!
Nice explaination 😊
One minor mistake. The targets in medical X-ray tubes are tungsten with Rhenium, not Rhodium. Mammography tubes are frequently Molybdenum. There are many other anode materials used for other types of X-ray tubes.
Are you sure about Rhenium? All I’ve read on it and the data I’ve worked with says that it’s Rhodium (Rh), but I could be mistaken, could you send me a link
Here is a link to a slide I found saying rhenium
Wery useful, thank you 😊
Glad it was useful :)
You should try Radhesive medical adhesive…
I should!
How can someone concentrate on topic ... When the teacher is looking sooooo cute. 😅😂
Really helpfull
Amazing! I finally understand it. Thanks so much!!
You're welcome!
Thank you very much man Really appreciate these videos Finding good videos on these not so popular Rad topics are really rare 😅 Grateful!🙌
Thanks Vincent, glad it was helpful!
I like the speed of your videos. I'm getting ready to take my board exam and using your videos as refreshers to make sure I understand the concepts. Thank you so much!
Great video. The absorbed dose to air is equal to or less than the air kerma. Our systems report air kerma. However, the "f-factor" (ratio between the attenuation of air and soft tissue) is roughly 1.06 - 1.07 at diagnostic energies, and so the dose to tissue is in fact higher than the air kerma. In interventional procedures where the absorbed dose to the skin is of importance, due to backscatter, the absorbed dose can be an additional 1.3 - 1.4 x higher than the air kerma, based on the field size, kVp and filtration utilised.
Interesting! Thanks for sharing
you deserve more subscribers
That’s what I keep saying!
Thank You!
Your videos are soo helpful 💝
Please give regular fast continuity your radiography course related video❤
Typically,as screen speed decrease ___?__ decrease? A. Density B. Recorded detail C. Patient dose D. X-ray exposure Please explain 🙍♀️🙍♀️
Good advice , thank you
I'd love to see a day in the life video!
Thanks for the suggestion! Anything to highlight in particular?
@@SahandHooshmand I'd love to know what you do day-to-day and any productivity tips you have
This is a really nice video!
As a former USYD classmate of yours, I am very proud of you brother. Looks like Patrick's lectures really stuck haha, much love.
Indeed they did, thank you kindly. Which one of my classmates are you?? Send me a message
1:55 I didn’t understand from here can you ?
So the RBE is used to compare the biological effects of different types of ionising radiation. It's defined as the ratio of the dose for our reference radiation (e.g. x-rays) to the dose of radiation in question (e.g. alpha particles) that would cause the same biological effect. If the latter requires 'less dose' to get the same 'biological effect' than x-rays, then we say it has a higher RBE (i.e. relative biological effectiveness). Essentially diving the x-ray dose to the alpha particle dose (both at their 50% survival fraction), that is if the alpha particle requires less dose for the same effect as x-rays, you'd be dividing by a smaller number, i.e. results in a larger number overall which is the RBE. Hope that helps!
first comment!
This man is underrated ❤❤❤
❤
Nice 😎 in sha Allah I will do it 😅
Please make video on MRI physics if possible.. It will be very useful for us
MRI physics is a bit beyond my expertise at the moment but I'll see what I can do
Thank you so much 💓
You have incredible teaching methodology ,keep up the good work 👏
What is bindinh energy?
It’s the energy required to remove an electron from an atom/nucleus, overcoming the electrostatic force holding it in place.
Can you make a detailed vedio on attenuation please
Will do
Just released, here it is: ua-cam.com/video/t8bySPYI0zo/v-deo.html
Such an engaging video! 😀
How much is one expected to make with a PhD in radiography?
Generally speaking once you graduate (and assuming you have clinical experience) you can expect to apply for a 'Level B' academic, and the salary for that position start from a range of $110k-$130k AUD depending on the university.
after I watch your last video I find the way. thanq again for grat videos
Mr Sahand thanks for this great video. after I saw ur name my wools fell. can I have your telegram ID? or Linkedin or any connection way?
I don't use telegram but I'm on LinkedIn! www.linkedin.com/in/sahand-hooshmand-phd-a72b97118/
one of the best lecture i have watched so far
best explanation on youtube!
Surprised at how high-quality your videos are!! And how easy you have made it to understand. Thank you
Glad you found it useful!
Sorry I have question 🙋♀️, and it’s not about this subject,it’s about cassette , we are use the blue cassette with blue screen. And use green cassette with green screen , I want to know what the difference between them ? Till now I am working I don’t find any difference between green and blue cassette.or maybe i wasn’t sense it
I’m not entirely sure what you mean by blue or green screen cassettes 🤔 I’m assuming this is not related to digital image receptors?
@@SahandHooshmand ua-cam.com/video/1hs2upJ1lEQ/v-deo.htmlsi=XOQ_4msyW0i7mFa- I talk about this..?
Hi Sahand, it's really an informative video and makes me motivated😉. I out of curiosity want to ask, Did you feel stressed when you were working while also needed to do research for a phd degree? How did you make yourself stay focused and balance your study-work life?
Hey Vicky, good to hear! There definitely were times of stress, but I was quite lucky in that my manager was quite flexible with my hours if I needed some time off or swap of days, for me to work on my PhD stuff. I have 2 pieces of advice for you when you start: 1. Give yourself artificial deadlines. It's very easy to tell yourself 'I have the weekend to finish off my work', there are no classes or lectures to show up to during a PhD, it's mostly self-directed, only with fortnightly supervisory meetings. So, I found that when I gave myself artificial deadlines that for example, 'I need to finish this task by 5pm', then I was much more likely to get it done, and not have it disrupt my social life at nights and/or on the weekend. This is essentially leveraging Parkinson's law. 2. Find a way to make the work fun. I highly recommend Ali Abdaal's new book called 'Feel-Good Productivity'. I found when I liked my day to day work on it, it was like an adventure each day.
@@SahandHooshmand Thank you Sahand, both are great advices to get my life well-organized and motivated, and I think the first one has already worked on me very well. Please keep making videos, they are very illuminating. Also, for me, it's a good time to get myself started thinking about how to start this journey.
Hello Mr.Sahand, I want to ask you a question 😅 Are you Kurdish 😅???
I'm Persian :)
if the electron is negative and the nucleus positive, why does electron decelerate? shouldnt it accelerate since opposite charges attract?
Great question! The electron, being negatively charged, is indeed attracted to the positively charged nucleus due to their opposite charges. In the case of bremsstrahlung (braking) radiation, the electron approaches the nucleus and is deflected due to the attractive electromagnetic force. However, it's not a straightforward acceleration toward the nucleus because the electron doesn’t directly collide with it. Instead, as the electron passes by the nucleus, its path curves due to the attraction, which changes the direction and speed of the electron (i.e. velocity). This deflection leads to a rapid deceleration or reduction in the electron's velocity along its original path/trajectory. In this rapid deceleration, the electron releases energy in the form of X-ray photons, which are known as 'bremsstrahlung radiation'. So, while the electron does 'accelerate' in the sense that it changes direction due to the attractive force, it also loses energy as radiation because of this sudden change in velocity. Hope that helps
@@SahandHooshmand Thank u!
👏🏻👏🏻
I hope your channel gets more recognition because your content is insanely high quality. You even add a quiz at the very end of the video, just to make sure we are gonna go back and double-check the knowledge we acquired from you. I love you.
Wow this is very kind, thank you! I’m glad you found it useful