Відео

Thank you! Great video!

Very interesting. I was wondering as to the connection between the Thracian river Hebros and the northern Spanish river Ebro. I think that there is merit in such a proposal because it is supported by the genetics. Basque men predominantly belong to Haplogroup R1b, same as the surrounding Spaniards, thus suggesting a similar migration route into their current location, and currently, Haplogroups and paternal lineages are believed to be the determining factor in cultural identity and linguistic change. R1b would perhaps imply an origin in Northern Anatolia, South Caucasus region, where Indo-European languages are believed to originate. I personally think that the language of the Neolithic Farmers was also somehow related to Proto-Indo-European.

18:07 If You want to study the Thracian and Dacian languages, history and misteries, You have to learn LITHUANIAN first. No one can understand Thracian and Dacian languages without knowing Lithuanian and Latvian and better also old Prussian. I know Latvian very little, but noticed Latvian word ZELTA at the first glimse. :) There are so many names and words in Dacian and Thracian languages that any modern Lithuanian and Latvian can easyly understand. For example, the Dacian toponymics with the ending -DAVA is so common and understandable for Lithuanians, because we have the same kind of toponymics in Lithuania (BLŪDAVA, PELUTAVA, VAIŠVYDAVA,..). I wonder which of the linquists mentioned in this video knew or know Latvian and Lithuanian? Did they know that most antient Lithuanian folk songs are about DUNO upė, or DUNO-JĖLIS (river Danube in Lithuanian).. :) Here is only small example how BALTIC - Thracian and Lithuanian languages are close: achel- ‘water (noun), water (adj.)’ [Lith. H Akele., Phryg. akala ‘water’]. ala ‘current, stream’ [Latv. H Alaja, Lith. ale.ti ‘flooded’]. ant(i) ‘against’ [Old-Ind. ánti ‘against, nearby, the Lith. ant ‘towards, against’, Toch. ánt ‘through’, Greek antí ‘against’, etc.]. apsa ‘aspen’ [Altin apse ‘aspen’, Old-Pruss. abse, Pol. osa (from Proto-Slavic *apsá), Old-HighGerman aspa ‘aspen’]. arma ‘swamp, bog’ [Lith. arma ‘bog, puddle’, armuo, -ens ‘the same’]. ars- ‘to flow; current, river’ [Old-Pruss. RN Arsio, Arse, Old-Ind. árs,ati ‘to flow’, Hitt. arš- ‘the same’]. asa(s) ‘stone’, as(a)m ‘stony’ [Old-Ind. as’man ‘stone; heaven’, Avest. asman- ‘the same’, Pelasg. asáminthos (stone) bath’, Lith. akmuo, -ens ‘stone’]. asa ‘colt’s foot (Tussilago farfara)’. That was its Bessian name according to Dioskurides. It is related to the Lit. dial. asys ‘horse-tail, Equisetum’, Latv. aši, ašas ‘horse-tail, sedge, rush’, which are probably related to the Latv. ašs, ass ‘sharp’, Old-Bulg. ostrý, Lit. aštrus ‘sharp’. asn - 'I, me' , [IE *eg'hom, Lit. aš 'I, me']. at ‘at, towards’ [IE *ad-, Latin ad 'to, towards', Latv. ad ‘at, towards’, Old-Icel. at ‘at, opposite to’]. at(u) ‘current, stream’ [Latv. RN Adula, German Attel, Avest. adu- ‘current, stream, channel’]. balios 'white', [IE *bhel-]. bebrus ‘beaver’ [Lith. bebrus ‘beaver’, Old-Pruss. bébrus, Bulg. VN Bebrovo, Old-HighGerman bibar, etc.]. beras ‘brown, swarthy’ [Lith. be.ras ‘brown’, Latv. bers ‘the same’, Old-HighGerman bero ‘a bear’ (initially ‘brown’)]. berza(s) ‘birch’ [IE *bherg'- 'a birch', Lith. bérz'as, Latv. berzs, Old-Pruss. berse, Russ. ber'oza, Bulg. breza ‘birch’]. bredas ‘pasture-ground’ [Russ. bred, bredina ‘pasture’, bresti, bredu ‘to cross by a ford’, Balt. (Zhemait.) RN Bred-upja]. brink- ‘to swell’ [Lith. brinkti [brinkstu) ‘to swell’, Pol. na-brekac' ‘the same’]. briza ‘spelt, rye’ (Gal. de alim. facult. 1, 13/6 p. 514. Kühn). The author (Galen) saw this plant in Thracia and in Macedonia and concluded the word was Thracian. It is very probable. There are several etymologies for this word, that of A. Fick being the most acceptable one. A. Fick relates the Thracian briza to the Old-Ind. vrihi-h, Pers. birinj, Afg. vriz'e ‘rice’, Greek orinda=óryza ‘rice’, from which the Bulg. oriz. There is an alternative interpretation: the Thracian bryza is related to the Lith. brizdis ‘ling’, from the stem of the verb brigzti ‘to be torn, to get unraveled’. bruzas ‘quick’ [Lith. bruz'as ‘somebody who runs to and fro’, the Slavic *b@rz@, Bulg. br@z]. búzas ‘a goat’ [Avest. búza- ‘a goat’]. daphas ‘a flood’ [Lith. dapas ‘a flood’, Norw. dial. dave ‘puddle, pool’]. darsas (dersas) ‘brave, courageous’ [Old-Pruss. dyrsos (pl.) ‘able, brave’, Avest. daršyu- ‘brave, strong’]. dava - 'a town' dentu- ‘clan, tribe’ [Latv. gens ‘clan, tribe’]. -didzos, -didza 'to create' [Russ. so-zdat 'to create', Lith. z'iedz'iu 'I form, I mould', Goth. deigan 'to puddle', Old-Ind. déhmi 'I plaster', Old-Pers. dinga ‘fertile ground’ [Latv. dinga ‘fertile place’, Old-Icel. dyngia ‘dunghill’]. dumas ‘dark’ [Lith. dúmas ‘dark, dark brown (for cattle)’, Latv. dúms ‘dark brown’]. esko 'to eat' [IE *ed- 'to eat']. esvas (ezvas), esb ‘a horse’ [IE *ekwo- 'a horse']. gaidrus ‘bright, clear’ [Lith. gaidrus ‘bright, clear (cloudless)’, Greek phaidrós ‘shining, bright, cheerful’]. gava(s) ‘county, countryside’ [Goth. gawi ‘county’, pre-Greek gaia, Att. gé ‘land, region’]. gesa ‘stork kingfisher’ [Old-Pruss. geeyse ‘kingfisher’, Latv. dzése ‘heron, kingfisher’]. gin- ‘to languish, to spoil, to dry out’ [Old-Kurian Ginulle (a stream), Latv. g'nins ‘to spoil, to languish’]. iet(e)r (=jeter-) ‘quick, agile’ [Old-HighGerman átar ‘quick’, Latv. atrs ‘quick’]. iltea 'a chosen woman'. iúras (=júras) ‘water, river’ [Lith. júra ‘a sea’, Old-Nord. úr ‘drizzle’]. kalas ‘district, border region’ [Lith. galas ‘end, border of a field, meadow or forest’, Latv. gals ‘neighbourhood’]. kalsas ‘dry, dried up’ [Latv. kálst (-stu, -tu) ‘to dry up, to wither’]. kamoles 'beloved'. kapas ‘hill, slope’ [Latv. kapa, kape ‘long mountain strip, dune, slope’, Lith. kopa ‘and hill, dune’]. kenthas ‘a child, descendant’ [Latv. re-cens ‘fresh, young, new’, with another suffix in the New-Bulg chedo ‘a child’]. kersas ‘black’ [Lith. kéršas ‘on black and white spots’, Bulg. cheren ‘black’, Old-Ind. krsná ‘black, dark’]. ketri-, ketre- ‘four’ [IE *kwetwores, Greek tetra ‘four’, Cymr. pedry- ‘four-fold’, Lith. keturi, Latv. c'etri, Bulg. c'etiri ‘four’]. kiri- [or kira] ‘mountain’, ‘forest’ [Old-Ind. girí-h ‘mountain’, Avest. gairi- ‘the same’, Lith. giria, gire ‘forest, wood’. Latv. dzira ‘forest’]. knisa(s) ‘eroded place’ [Lith. knisti ‘to dig’]. kupsela ‘a heap, a hillock’ [Lith. kupse.lis ‘heap, hillock’]. kurp- ‘to burrow’ [Lith. kurpti (-i?) ‘to burrow’, Russ. korpat’ ‘to burrow’]. kurta ‘groove, wood’ [Old-Pruss. korto ‘groove’ from the Baltic *kurtá]. laza (-as) ‘clearing (in forest), glade’ [Serbo-Croat läz ‘clearing’, Russ. laz ‘animal pathway to a river (lake)’, lazina 'clearing’]. lingas ‘depression, meadow’ [Lith. lénge ‘low land’, PN Linge, Bulg. long@ ‘meadow’]. marka ‘bog; swampy country’ [Lith. mark? ‘a pit for steeping flax or hemp’, Ukrain. morokva ‘bog’]. melda(s) ‘marshy reed’ [Lith. melda, méldas ‘marsh reed’, Latv. meldi ‘reed’, Old-HighGerman melta]. mukas ‘swampy country, a bog’ [Latv. muka ‘swamp, where one can sink’, mukls ‘swampy’, Lith. RN Múke.]. musas ‘moss, mould’ [Old-HighGerman, Anglo-Saxon mos ‘moss, swamp’, German Moss ‘moss’, Church-Slav. m@h@ ‘moss’, Lith. musai, pl. ‘mould on yoghourt’]. neos 'new' [IE *newo- 'new']. niva 'snow' [IE *sneigwh- 'snow']. óstas ‘river mouth’ [Lith. úostas, uosta ‘river mouth; a port’, Latv. uosts-, uosta ‘the same’, Latin óstium ‘river mouth’, Old-Bulg. uostije ‘the same’]. pa(i)vis ‘child, son’ [Greek Homer pavis, Att. paus, pais]. paisa(s) ‘soot’ [Lith. paišai ‘soot’]. pala ‘swamp, bog’ [Lith. palios, pl. ‘big swamp. bog’, Latv. pal,as, pal,i ‘swampy banks of a lake’, Latin palus ‘lake’]. pan(i) ‘swamp, quagmire, peat-bog’ [Old-Pruss. pannean ‘quagmire’, Goth. fani ‘silt’, etc.]. paurakis 'small' [Latin paucus 'small']. pauta(s) ‘foam’ or ‘foaming’ [Old-Pruss. RN Pauta, Lith. puta ‘foam’, putóti ‘to foam’, Latv. putas ‘foam’]. per ‘boy, son’ [Lat. puer ‘child, boy, son’]. piza(s) ‘bog, meadow’ [Latv. písa ‘deep swamp’, Greek písea, pl. ‘damp places, meadow’]. pras- (resp. *praus-) ‘to wash, to splash, to bedew’ [Lith. prausti ‘to wash, to sprinkle’, Latv. prauslat ’to splash, to besprinkle’, Old-Ind. prusnó'ti ‘to splash’]. pupa ‘beans’ or ‘hill’ (?) [Lith. pupa ‘beans’ or Alb. pupë ‘hill’]. pura- ‘maize, spelt’ [Greek pyrós ‘maize’, Lith. púrai ‘winter maize’, Church Slavic p@iro ‘spelt’]. purda ‘swampy, damp place’ [Latv. purdul,i ‘a snivel’, Greek pardakos ‘damp, wet’]. pusinas ‘spruce forest, pine forest’ [Lith. pušynas ‘spruce forest’ from pušis ‘pine, spruce’]. putras ‘bawler, squaller, babbler’ [Old-Latv. personal name Putre, Latv. putruôt, putrât ‘to cry, to speak fast’]. raimas ‘motley’ [Lith. ráimas ‘motley, particoloured’]. raka(s) ‘eroded place, a gully’ [Lith. rakti ‘to burrow’]. ramus ‘quiet, calm’ [Lith. ramus ‘quiet’, Old-Ind. rámate ‘to stay quiet, to rest’]. raskus ‘quick, agile, live’ [Old-HighGerman rasc ‘quick’, German rasch ‘the same’, Engl. rash]. rézas (resas) ‘king’ [Latin rex ‘king’, Old-Ind. raj- ‘the same’]. rudas ‘red, reddish’ [Lith. RN Rud-upe., adj. rudas ‘(red-) brown, reddish’, Latv. ruds ‘reddish’]. rumba(s) ‘edge; rapids’ [Lith. rumbas ‘periphery’, Latv. rumba ‘waterfall, rapids’]. rús-a (-as, -is) ‘a pit’ or rus- ‘slowly flowing’ [Old-Pruss. PN Russe (a village and a swamp), Lith. rúsys (and rúsas) ‘potatoe’s pit; hut’, Latv. rúsa ‘pit; or the Litv. ruse.ti ‘to flow slowly’]. saldas, saltas (instead of *zaldas) ‘golden’ [Old-Bulg. zlato (from the Proto-Slavic *zalta) ‘gold (noun)’ , New-Bulg. zlato ‘gold’, zlaten ‘golden’].

Ava is the one used in romeika pontiaka

Sica (pronounced sika) - study croatian word "to cut" , namely dalmatian idiom ("ikavica"; Dalmatia is the coastal region in Croatia). We have many words derived from it: To cut = sjeći (dalmatian: sići); sikač (cutter), sikavica (plant silybum marianum, with leaves that really do cut), sikavac (all the other similar plants), sicati (also to cut, but also old word for tattooing in the past, done by making small cuts) etc. etc. Sibina - well, we have a word "šiba", I cannot remember the english translation, but it's definitely a long, thin and straight branch, the kind our parents would spank us with😂. Definitely a similar object. Sabaia - if it's true that this drink was made of oats (as I heard it was), we call oats "zob", so bearing in mind the word was recorded by non-illyrians, it could be that the drink was actually called "zobaia", which would make perfect sense.

Hello! Thank you for the videos! I'm still not through all your videos. I've been learning Hittite on my own with a book by an van den Hout. I've been translating some Hittite for a game and is following along to see if I can learn anything new. So far, nothing new. Though you use the dative form, but my material only has a dative locative form, which is identical to how you use it, with that i on an a-stem. Wondering though are they the same thing or different? Srry for the dum question. If I understand your video they are the same?

In this research there is a very important point that must be pointed at. A system of communication is not defined by a statistic number of words borrowed from a neighbouring language. This is a linguistic vicinity that can'be avoided. It applies to English, French, German and others. The deep structure of Thamazigh has a universal structure that unifies the whole varieties of Thamazgha in North Africa. Another issue the whole Amazigh Alphabet must restructured and rewritten to make it easier to anyone to learn and write Amzigh language without a teacher. This procedure is under construction.

Finally you recognize we are alive 🎉 the government represent us to the world as arabs . Thanks i speak tachelhit ⵉⵍⴰ ⴼⵍⴰⵡⵏ ⴰⴷⴷⵔⵎ ⵜⵇⴱⵉⵍⵉⵏ ⴰⴼⴰⴷ ⴰⵜⵉⵙⵙⴰⵏⵎ ⴰⴷⵔⴰⴼⴰⵏ ⴷ ⵜⴰⵙⵏⴰ ⵏ ⵎⵉⴷⵏ ⵉⵎⴰⵏⴽⵏⵉ ⴰⵄⵔⴰⴱⵏ ⴰⴷ ⴼⵓⵖ ⴼⵍⴰⵖ . ⵏⵔⴰ ⵎⴰⴷⴰⵖⴷ ⵉⵜⵍⴰⵍⴰⵏ ⵖ ⵜⴰⵎⵓⴽⵔⵉⵙⴰⴷ .

Why would anyone try to prove a language is Indo-European? Everyone knows that every language is Indo-European unless proven otherwise. It is duty of others to show that it is not Indo-European.

It is an Eastern Caucasus language. Chechens can actually understand Urartu. Since Hattians also spoken western Caucasus languages, it is obvious that native Anatolians were Caucasians and Indo-Europeans invaded their lands. Hittites invaded land of Hatti, Mitanni invaded land of Hurrians.

Salute from Armenia

I'm so sorry for you. Thinking Balkan history is simple.

will there be a video about altaic languages?

I would even add the Daco-Thracian branch to it. Culturally, the Celts and the Daco-Thracians have many things in common. The Volcae (Latin transliteration), the Thracians, and Dacian (both greek transliterations) are believed to come from PIE root*wĺ̥kʷos / *dh₁kʷo and mean 'wolf'. Herodot even mentioned that the Dacians called themselves wolf people, and we can also find a matching cognate to Thracians, Thráikes within sanscrit. (तरक्ष - tarakSa, meaning 'wolf', 'star eyed', or 'of the mountain') Θρᾷκες - Thráikes, Δάκες - Dakes: Considering that these are greek tranliterations, we can assume that they are just phonetical aproximations within the constraints of the greek alphabet. Θ, teta, can be a placeholder for T, D, or Th. Assuming a soft 'Th', then a shift to more of a 'W' sound further to the West for the Volcae is wholly within possibility. Another point of commonality is the veneration, almost deification, of Zalmoxis (gr. transliteration). Who is described as an old wise man initially, mirroring the shamanism (Druids) of the Celts. Counting the Daco-Thracians within the Italo-Celtic would also partly validate Herodots' other statement, that the Thracians are the most numerous after the Indians. If for him at the time the Italics, the Celtics, and the Daco-Thracians were counted as a single group, than his statement would make sense, as they would roughly make up 30-40 Million people and would compared to the Persians and IE Indians (70-80 Million), which herodot most likely ment with indians, really be the by far second biggest Groupe within the known world. Furthermore, we could by adding Dacian to the Italo Celtic branch, finally understand how Rome could completely latinize Dacia within just 130 years without fully controlling it. Every other case we look at shows us that languages are even with cultural incentives and under pressure, extremely resilient. Be it Basque, Copic, Berber, Spanish under Islam, Inka, Mayan, American Aboriginals. The languages survived for centuries and millenia and only started to decline after we started in the late 18th and 19th century to send the most malleable, children, to public schools with mandatory languages. If we then take a look at the distribution of Celts in Europe prior to the Roman conquests and compare it to were the romance languages are, than the overlap also starts to make sense, as the a assimilation of closely related languages is much easier than of further related languages. I, for myself, would call the branch Italo-Daco-Celtic, IDC. In case of replies, suggestions, or criticism, please remain civil!🙏

Who is teaching hittite and why? Who wants to learn hittite? 😅😅😅😂😂😂😅😂 what kind of idea is this ??😮😮😮😮 learn zulu language ?😅😅😅😂😂😂😅 or aboriginal language... ?

Mese - mese - mese ..... !

You dont have an agenda? 😅😅😅😅😅😅 only the case you mentioned 18 times the indoeuropean language of thraceans it is an agenda...😅😅😅😂😂😂😅😂....there is zero evidence of indoeuropean language ...only jewish historians see indo-europeans😅😅😅😅😂😂😂😅😂 its very funny !!! 😅😅😅😂

If you go to google you will see the caucasian albania ,and that isnt serbian and greek propaganda,, the history of albanian people is in google not in youtube... google says there is albania in caucasus ,not the serbians ... the WWW.....the wide world web ...not some serbian wanker on his youtube show,(,open your eyes and ears )

This is off topic, but in some previous video you mentioned your favorite book on phonology/phonetics and I can't remember what it was. I remember it was written by a female author and covered such things as voiceless vowels. Could you remind me the title?

could you make a video on Proto-Euphratean languages?

I really enjoy your videos, even though I'm no linguist, and some it goes over my head. But I did have a thought here. If PA and PIE branched off from PIA, which itself branched off from PIU (I think I got that right), we basically shouldn't see the exact same 'Caucanization' of the Anatolian languages, correct? They could or should be missing some of the Caucasian features present in PIE. I don't know enough about PIE, PA, or the Caucasian languages to know if that's true, and some features we see in PIE are missing in the Anatolian languages. But this seems logical to me, and even if PA picked up some Caucasian features on their migration South, they shouldn't be one for one identical to PIE. Just a thought, but I would love to hear a response from someone with more knowledge on the subject than me! Thanks btw, great videos!

bubbaš 🥺

Any proposal that does not conform to the canonized Kurgan Hypothesis has been reviewed unfavourably when, in reality, there is no information regarding the language(s) actually spoken within the Yamnaya Culture.

Now look up the turkish words for ask, love and wife

I am Indian. Dark skinned. Am proud of my native origin but also curious about my European genetics. How do I experience that? They won’t accept me, I don’t look European. I think my ancestors were not treated well by aryan migrants.

Bèrberes et Kabyle, ce sont originaire grand familles Toueque - Touranienne.la familles Tourque - Touranienne, ce sont amozonienne, nomade et montagnard. la familles Tourque - Touranienne et leur civilisation, Akkad ou Khalden et Sùmerienne, la familles vie l'ensemble dans les confèdèration. le mot Barbar, Bèreber, Beraber, ça veut dire ( l'ensemble) language Turc. voila nomme Bèrberes. comme la familles Tourque - Touranienne ce sont amozonienne, le mot amazon, derive comme, Hamauxues, Amazgih, Amachek, Tamazgih etc. chez les Akkad ou Khalden, Bèrberes dènomme ( Erembes) plus tard Bèrberes et Kabyle ce sont quittè chez les Akkad ou Khalden, pour aller peninsule l'arabique en premier. Bèrberes rènomme AHL - AZOUN, et Kabyle, TIZ - AZOUN. pour idèntification, Amazonienne et la familles Tourque - Touranienne. voila la grand familles Tourque - Touranienne, Scyhtes ou Saca, Saga, Saha, Sahara, Scandinav, Scile, Sri, Sikkim, Sindh Scout, Çoud etc, Tatares ou Catai, Karay, Karrienne, Kitan, Titan, Han, Khan, Wuang, Katan, ou Catan ( Yucatan) etc, la Sibèrie, Sarmates, Mongol, Mançour, Tounguz, Ainu, Guril, Kore, Ougro Finnios, Ostiak, lapon, Esquimos, Gètes, Thrace, Troy, Massagètes, Caucase ou Ibèrique, Basque, Bèrberes, Kabyle, Indus Valles, Gange, Aborigines, Assam, Dravidienne ou Tamil, Bengal, Urdu, Souryas ou Tourcoman, Huns, Hiong Nou, Tangout, Tourqistan, Kòktùrk, Khazar, Ashkenazi, Alans, Celtique, Nagas, Tsiganes ou Roman, Nadam, Kaha, Radjou, Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan, Birman, Siam, laos, Joung, Mekong. Kher, Males, Austronèsienne, Polonesienne, Amèrindienne, Tolteque, Azteque, Inca, Tupis et Carip etc. la familles Tourque - Touranienne, ce sont parentè et mix population. Merci Beaucoup.

😂

Here's my take as a former historical linguist and now a hobbyist. There's to date no conclusive Proto-Sino-Tibetan reconstructions (the newer and more popular name is Proto-Trans-Himalayan), so every PST reconstructed form used in these papers is spurious and unreliable. By the way the outdated "Sinitic + Tibeto-Burman" bifurcation for the family tree is definitely not the mainstream view. Within the circle of Trans-Himalayan historical linguistics, it's a common sense that early PTH verbal morphology is uncannily typologically similar to that of North American languages (including the use of the inverse marker). This observation has been mentioned several times by Guillaume Jacques and his students. (Scott DeLancey also acknowledges this, I think.) The loss of polysynthetic paradigmatic morphology took place independently in different branches of PTH (Sinitic, Bodish, Lolo-Burmese, Bodo-Garo, etc.) due to language shift/creolization/being used as lingua franca in the empires/kingdoms, according to DeLancey. The Gyalrongists (Jacques and his students) from the Paris School follow DeLancey's stance that paradigmatic morphology is reconstructible to Proto-Trans-Himalayan. Randy LaPolla disagrees with it and thinks that such morphology is a post-PTH innovation in some branches but his hypothesis is discredited and outdated now. Also, complex paradigmatic morphology can also develop from scratch due to areal pressure. A well-known example is Munda which came to the Gangetic plain from Mainland Southeast Asia (a Sprachbund where languages have very few morphology) ca. 1500 BC. Before the advent of Munda to South Asia, in the Gangetic plain was spoken an unknown substrate language with paradigmatic morphology which typologically transformed Munda. This is Gregory D S Anderson's latest 2022 opinion. You can search his presentation video "Differential argument marking in Munda: Head- and dependent-marked structures" on UA-cam where he explicitly discusses it. I also suggest reading Guillaume Jacques' 2021 'A Grammar of Japhug' to get a taste of what early Trans-Himalayan verbal morphology may have been like. I haven't seen any serious Trans-Himalayanist giving their opinions on the typological similarities between PTH and Yeniseic and North American languages, but based on the Urheimat of PTH being somewhere in the Upper Yellow River Basin, it's possible that the early PTH speakers were one of the many hunter--gatherer groups distributed in Inner Eurasia and they entered the Yellow River Basin from southern Siberia where Yeniseic and the linguistic ancestors of North American languages were spoken. So Siberia at the time (ca. 10000-5000 BC) may have been a Sprachbund exhibiting polysynthetic paradigmatic morphology, but traces of this Sprachbund have been erased by the spread of Inner Eurasian typology ('Ural-Altaic' typology) from the east, only leaving polysynthetic Ainuic on the fringe of Eurasia and isolated Yeniseic as the last remaining trace of this erstwhile Sprachbund. I think that the linguistic relationship of 'Sino-Caucasian' or whatnot may be similar to 'Altaic' which is also based on typological similarities and loanwords, but it would be exciting if Trans-Himalayan could really be demonstrably proven to be genetically related to some other Eurasian or North American linguistic phyla.

Amazing! In Turkish, ata means father, ana means mother, yün (the older form was yuñ) means wool. Besides, the word order and declention are the same. SOV

Very interesting connection between Caucasus and Himalayi. For example relative in east-caucasian *dzam and relative in burushaski *dzam.

I wonder how this connects to pontiaka romeika? We call trabzon trapezounta and kalachevo means I speak

May God almighty reward you , brother , same ILIRIEN amigrated to Europe and Ireland UK long long time ago , brother that's way you and day we have the same face and races ok , itis true , lok ALBANIAN people are the oldest people in Europe ok , and language is 8000 years old , and the greeks day copy from us , the Alfabet ok , looked today Volga River have ILIRIEN name , ok and the slave people day come in balkan 900 , 1100 ok day ate not autoktone ok and day itching the kids day are autoktone are not , ok ALBANIAN people are autoktone ok thanks

Don't make again any video about the balkans. All balkaners are deeply problematic and obnoxious. Albanians Bulgarians etc delusional

Albanians are such a toxic petty people. Insufferable and obnoxious

What is the basis for thinking Hattic could have originated from Northwest Caucasian? Just curious, because my uncle's Y-DNA line, which is haplogroup T has a migration time tree mutation worked out, that would not corroborate the migration flow from there, but from Anatolia to the Caucasus, as our line was actually in Anatolia from around 20,000 BCE, so if there's a connection isn't it possible it's reversed and they borrowed from Hattic, not the other way around? Or that Hattic is just a language isolate? As there's also several other language isolates from the Levant and Anatolia from around that period like Gutian and such, so couldn't Hattic also be an isolate?

We, the Kardukhs, are described as a people Unenslaved. They used to pour wine on the grave, we know this even now. On Easter, we don't completely drink the wine and pour it on the grave. The Chaldeans are Georgian people, the same Kardukhs, the same Karduels, the same names are also found among the Basques.

Even the name of the Basques shows that sometimes Kar is mixed with Chaldeans(Kaldi), meaning our suspicion that the Kardukhs and Chaldeans(Kaldi) are the same is evident here as well. The Basques are a Georgian people.

to my mind not euskarian it is true ioskarian, as iberia and eber, i change e and in this case ios change eus, why u because in greek language often use us and in georgian in more case not us, os. Euskarian this word like change word true varient ios or ias. why I'm writing this because ia is connected with sun, io is connected Egypt io, greek mythology=the same pelasgian=Georgian. you can see Basque name euskaldun=the same Chaldea=Kaldi. there is a village named Khaldi=Kaldi in Svaneti, they sing a song iav-kaldi

Etruscan father = apa, not ava... and mother is in Etr. ati ... ara existed in Asia Minor, in Neshili = land; (it could be found in name: Arzawa)... I'm sorry that you have wasted your time ...

I was looking the original inhabitants of Sicily, usually all you get if Phoenician and Greek. My interest isn't linguistics it's genetics and dna. Haven't seen any Elymian dna, but I have seen Sicani and they are like Sicilians with more Anatolian farmer ancestry and less Steppe ancestry (Indo-European speakers). Making an assumption based on dna, it would appear that the Sicani were not Indo-European speakers as they would have had more Steppe ancestry. Thanks for resurrecting a forgotten people of Sicily.

And Teuta= THE PROTECTRICE Of people The successor words today we use that save this idea TUT - zbraps Tremb armiqtëTutje = farther enemy tutelage of her tribe

This language is so interesting because traces of it can be found in so many other languages

It was called Proto-Dniepr-Don culture

For all tha support illyrians..... Show us one archeological place in Albania that belongs to illyrian Show us one ancient written documents from illyrians... And then we can continue speak.. Not only bla bla Bla.. And propaganda from Hotzas.. And now frpm Edi Rama... 😂 😂 Tjat Bouboulina was arvanitis origin.. 😂 😂 Ok... Siptaria.. 😂 😂 😂

About the Data of Kossmann's research is just a nonsense. Riffian language is not 50% Arabic loanwords as he describe it. Yes, there are some people affected by Arabization system but overall Riffian is conserved its unique amazigh words. Also, you mentioned Arabic dialect which we call "Darija". Why academic people call Darija dialect "Arabic"? It's grammar structure is pure Amazigh, and significant amount of words are Amazigh. Even there are some words borrowed from classical arabic it's already pronounced in Tamzight structure. And there are so many French, Spanish ..etc. why it called Arabic? and also if most of the words and the grammar structure of Darija came from Thmazight why would you think that 41% of Thmazight of Rif comes from Darija?!! Darija which is influenced by Thmazight not vice versa.

The problem is not with the script, it's with the racist approach of the Moroccan regime. In order to destroy Thmazight of Rif and culture in general, they create what's called "Tamazight standard". This approach selects Tachelhit to be imposed as a "standard", while they through other variations, like Riffian language, to the oblivion. Why so? Because of the historic resistance of the Rif people and now they try to eliminate everything has to do with this region. So, Tifinagh of RCAM will never be successful because we Riffian do not consider it as a language in the first place. After years of arabization and elimination of the Amazigh culture. Now they decide to use it as an outfit, a decor to beatify their dictatorship for foreigners. They lack the willpower to teach the great Amazigh culture. They just use it for appearance for you, foreigners, to see and give you a fake impression about their ugly reality.

27:03 I would point out that the instrumental case is a common source for a new ergative case, so I don't find this too problematic. Furthermore, as is likely the case in the history of Proto-Indo-European, degenerative seems to be a popular source for new ergative marking.

Go a little to the right on the map of turkey and there is another albania,, the caucasian non illyrian albania, the south caucasian albania.. and the river albanos .. 😮😮😮...and arian the historian mentions the albanian merceneries fighting on the side of persians,,, 😮😮

What do you think about the fact that some professors from Serbia like Jovan Deretić, Radovan Damjanović, Aleksandar Šargić claim that Serbs are actually Illyrians? Are there any connections given the great cultural difference between Serbs and other peoples from the former Yugoslavia?

the truth is that the Illyrians were defeated and taken prisoner by the Romans and were made slaves, generally most of them were used to recruit them into their Roman army www.romanoimpero.com/2017/04/legio-i-illyricorum.html?m=1