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North East Electronic Constructors
United Kingdom
Приєднався 24 вер 2020
Welcome to the North East Electronic Constructors channel.
This channel is intended for anyone interested in home electronics, building circuits, practical fault finding, help with building kits, experimenting with radio RF (including Ham radio), computer talk, C and ASM embedded programming and generally getting your soldering iron out and having a go! The primary intention here is keep the practical element of home electronic construction alive! This is our video channel for practical building demonstrations and tutorials. Intended mainly for beginners or intermediate level constructors, although we do sometimes go much deeper!. And always trying to keep it fun :)
If you like our content, please click LIKE and SUBSCRIBE to the channel. That really helps. And as always, thanks for watching. Paul - G0BZY.
This channel is intended for anyone interested in home electronics, building circuits, practical fault finding, help with building kits, experimenting with radio RF (including Ham radio), computer talk, C and ASM embedded programming and generally getting your soldering iron out and having a go! The primary intention here is keep the practical element of home electronic construction alive! This is our video channel for practical building demonstrations and tutorials. Intended mainly for beginners or intermediate level constructors, although we do sometimes go much deeper!. And always trying to keep it fun :)
If you like our content, please click LIKE and SUBSCRIBE to the channel. That really helps. And as always, thanks for watching. Paul - G0BZY.
6502 Repeater - Finished!. SMD soldering, PCB population, Testing Sections and Final Boxing.
In this video, we show the final stages of the 6502 repeater project. Here we show some SMD soldering of 0805 resistors, populating the board, testing the various sections of the completed board, uploading firmware to the CTCSS MPU then putting it all in a case with a final radio test at the end.
This is been a long journey leading to this final design. Please view the previous videos to find out how we got to this point. Basically, we started with PCBs that were designed (by hand) back from 1986. This is the final result of all the reverse engineering of HEX code from EPROM, schematics and PCB layout work.
If you found this video useful, please click LIKE and SUBSCRIBE to the channel. That really helps!. Thanks.
This is been a long journey leading to this final design. Please view the previous videos to find out how we got to this point. Basically, we started with PCBs that were designed (by hand) back from 1986. This is the final result of all the reverse engineering of HEX code from EPROM, schematics and PCB layout work.
If you found this video useful, please click LIKE and SUBSCRIBE to the channel. That really helps!. Thanks.
Переглядів: 155
Відео
KiCad v8 - 6502 Analog Card, Schematic to final PCB design. A detailed view of the process.
Переглядів 50014 годин тому
In this video, we show a detailed workflow taking a completed schematic and turning it into a finished PCB. Showing a detailed explanation including allocating footprints to parts, loading all parts onto a new PCB sheet, arranging the parts in position and auto routing tracks to a final PCB. At the end we export all layers to Gerber files and then finally we get new boards in the post! I have i...
KiCad V6 to KiCad V8 schematic migration. We got warnings! - fixed.
Переглядів 98Місяць тому
In this video, we take a version 6 KiCad schematic and migrate it over to version 8. Generally, it worked but there were many warnings. So, this is my own findings and solutions on how to get the schematic loaded in correctly. And we are going to be using V8 from now on. Disclaimer: This may not be the only way (or even the best way) to correct these issues. But these worked for me.
KiCad Schematic Entry for an Analog Card (part of the 6502 repeater project)
Переглядів 393Місяць тому
In this video, we continue with taking our prototype design for a 6502 based radio repeater and place components from hand written sheets into a Kicad schematic. Even if you're not that interested in radios or repeaters, this video aims to show the basics of using KiCad with a real application example. From starting a new project to a fully finished schematic.
Ham Radio 6502 Repeater Electronics Project - Building the Analog Section and On Air Test.
Переглядів 230Місяць тому
In this video, we carry on from an earlier video and re-design the old 1980's analog card with the inclusion of a custom CTCSS decoder replacing the old tone burst system. Its all just a bit of fun! Connecting it to the retro 6502 based repeater control card we then create a working ham radio repeater. There is no real need to use a 6502 these days, but we did it anyway just to see it working. ...
A.I. - Artificial Intelligence Writes C Source just with prompts! - Arduino GPT3.5 GPT4 OpenAI
Переглядів 291Рік тому
In this video, we explore what A.I. can do for us as software writers. Can it create software source code from scratch?. (spoiler - yes it can) What are the possibilities, is it good or bad? A 'super tool' or a job killer? I share my thoughts at the end of the video. Share your comments below, what do you think of all this? Just by using some simple prompts, we request C source code for a targe...
Building a Magnetic Core Storage Interface from Scratch! Arduino, Design, Schematic, PCB, KiCad
Переглядів 618Рік тому
In this video, which is a continuation from the previous core store video, we take our old Fuji core storage device from 1967 and design a custom interface to read and write all of its core bits. And then we interact with it on a PC using a custom GUI application. We design a custom board starting with a concept for the design, then schematic and then a PCB which we populate and finally test. W...
Retro 60's Core Storage Memory - basic explainer. Lets get this core store working!
Переглядів 7622 роки тому
In this video, we take an old core storage device from the late 60's and create a test setup circuit, first using Symetrix circuit simulation to design a way to communicate with its cores. We then build an interface and together with a PC, see if we can set / read bits from this device from the past. We cover the basic principles of how a core store works (without going into any maths or great ...
Populating and testing a newly finished PCB : Reverse Engineering a 1980's 6502 CPU card
Переглядів 1,4 тис.2 роки тому
In this video, which is the final conclusion of the 1980's retro 6502 repeater project, we get to populate the new PCB, apply power and finally test its functionality. There is a small design modification made and we check the clock frequency on a frequency counter. Lets power this thing up! If you found this video interesting - please give us a THUMBS UP! and Subscribe. That really helps us. L...
AutoRouting in KiCad - Rat Lines to final PCB design : Reverse Engineering a 6502 CPU card
Переглядів 20 тис.2 роки тому
In this video, which is a continuation from the retro 6502 repeater project, we take a look at auto routing using KiCad PCB Editor. We use the Java application FreeRouting.jar to create new tracks automatically. The FreeRouting Java app is available within the LayoutEditor software package here: layouteditor.com/ You can install that package and then simply locate and copy one file : freeroutin...
Convert a Schematic Drawing to PCB using KiCad : Reverse Engineering a 6502 CPU card
Переглядів 8 тис.2 роки тому
In this video, which is a continuation from the retro 6502 repeater project, we take all our hand written diagrams and notes and transfer them into KiCad Schematic Editor and create a final diagram. Then, we start to create a new PCB for the repeater project! Again using KiCad. We are basically going to reproduce the repeater PCB from the 80's into a newly designed board. We show the final sche...
Examining a PCB and drawing a Schematic Diagram : Reverse Engineering a 6502 CPU card
Переглядів 1,9 тис.2 роки тому
In this video, which is a continuation from the retro 6502 repeater project, we are reverse engineering our 1980's PCB card to schematic. This is the first step - we are making a rough pencil and paper diagram and then make corrections as we go. By tracing PCB tracks and looking at data sheets, we can begin to build up a full schematic of the computer board. This will lead to re-drawing the sch...
Reverse Engineering an Eprom (6502 repeater) to readable Assembly language using a Disassembler
Переглядів 7 тис.2 роки тому
In this video, which is a continuation from the 6502 repeater project, we are reading in the raw binary from an Eprom and eventually converting it into a human readable format - Assembler code. To do this, we are using a disassembly application called SourceGen. We show the whole process here rather than splitting this into two videos, here is the complete video in one go. Its over 50 minutes l...
6502 CPU based Amateur Radio Repeater project - back from 1986!
Переглядів 7222 роки тому
In this video we take a look back to an old hand made 80's project of an amateur radio repeater. Here we get the 6502 CPU based repeater back in operation and we will eventually, in the following videos, reverse engineer the whole thing from scratch. Schematic, source code firmware and even design a new PCB!. If you enjoy the process of looking at retro computer designs or reverse engineering c...
Practical Soldering For Through Hole and SMD for beginners
Переглядів 4433 роки тому
An introduction to practical soldering techniques for through hole and SMD PCBs. Using a traditional soldering iron and a hot air re-work station. We also talk about different types of solder and some other tools used to solder and de-solder components to and from PCBs. This is meant to be a beginners guide giving a broad range of information but more experienced electronics technicians may fin...
(Part 2) Microcontroller Interrupts with Contact Debouncing for the Arduino ATmega328p
Переглядів 4474 роки тому
(Part 2) Microcontroller Interrupts with Contact Debouncing for the Arduino ATmega328p
(Part 1) A Beginners Introduction to C programming for the Arduino development Board
Переглядів 1564 роки тому
(Part 1) A Beginners Introduction to C programming for the Arduino development Board
Introduction to Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
Переглядів 6724 роки тому
Introduction to Microprocessors and Microcontrollers
Logic Gates Explained - An Introduction for beginners.
Переглядів 2704 роки тому
Logic Gates Explained - An Introduction for beginners.
Introduction to Spectrum Analysers, basics for beginners.
Переглядів 2,6 тис.4 роки тому
Introduction to Spectrum Analysers, basics for beginners.
Oscilloscopes explained, basics for beginners
Переглядів 1874 роки тому
Oscilloscopes explained, basics for beginners
(Part 2, Practical) Introduction to Voltage, Current, Resistance and Power. With Ohms Law
Переглядів 564 роки тому
(Part 2, Practical) Introduction to Voltage, Current, Resistance and Power. With Ohms Law
(Part 1 Theory) Introduction to Voltage, Current, Resistance and Power. With Ohms Law
Переглядів 424 роки тому
(Part 1 Theory) Introduction to Voltage, Current, Resistance and Power. With Ohms Law
The Lamp Bulb Trick - Also known as Dim Bulb. Checking for shorts when repairing mains equipment.
Переглядів 2514 роки тому
The Lamp Bulb Trick - Also known as Dim Bulb. Checking for shorts when repairing mains equipment.
Introduction to Bench Power Supplies. Basics of Linear and Switch Mode types.
Переглядів 1964 роки тому
Introduction to Bench Power Supplies. Basics of Linear and Switch Mode types.
(Part 2) Adding the other components to the board to complete the 555 flasher circuit
Переглядів 4594 роки тому
(Part 2) Adding the other components to the board to complete the 555 flasher circuit
(Part 1) Building a simple 555 timer LED flasher circuit on Vero board
Переглядів 2,4 тис.4 роки тому
(Part 1) Building a simple 555 timer LED flasher circuit on Vero board
Introduction to PCBs, and proto boards. Including Perf Board and Vero board.
Переглядів 6754 роки тому
Introduction to PCBs, and proto boards. Including Perf Board and Vero board.
Thx a lot! Juat joined!
thank you sir for sharing your knowledge
Why did you (or maybe it was UA-cam itself) delete my last comment about where to download KiCAD? I only asked what version you were using and mentioned that version V9.0 will be available in January 2025. I was only trying to be helpful.
Hi there. Not deleted by me. UA-cam does this sometimes depending on content. You are right to ask about the version, this is version 6. Maybe a follow up video migrating to 9 when it comes out! thanks.
such a great explanation thanks a lot
This is my level Paul
Great Video Thanks
HI ! I had a very very hard time learning Kicad 8 only completed 90% before that i used to manual work of drawing trace on pcb and etch it . Can you please tell me how to change the track thickness in um although i have installed a different automatic track routing app on my PC second when ever i print a copy of Forward copper or bottom copper on paper i dont get precise dimensional measurement on the paper i get few mm ( atleast 6 to 9 mm ) under the desired measurement .
Whilst trying to get up to speed on KiCad, I've watched a lot of Tutorials and this is by far the most useful video I have found online. The AutoRouter is an amazing tool and I've not seen this anywhere else. Many thanks!
That core memory module was used in a Facit 1125 made by Sharp. It was also branded as an Addo-X 9958 and Burroughs C3350. I have the Facit model that isn't working. (Core module SN: 8070015). Hopefully I can fix it.
I see now on your other video you mention the Sharp Compet 32. I have never seen the insides of one of those, and I believe not many made it out of Japan. But it most likely used the same module as the Facit was based on it.
Hi, Yes they all used the same core module. Including the Sharp Compet 32(CS-32A) which i understand was the original design. Very interesting that you have the Facit 1125. Hoping to get one myself one day to reverse engineer. Good luck with it and thanks for watching.
Pretty amazing to watch it working the puzzle. I see no reason this cannot be done to perfection with the right coding.
Just bought my second 1200S. Great instruments..
What if I am doing RF tracks and need curvy tracks. No hard angles ?
Hi. Yes its possible. Check out the features of v7. And it may be a plugin needed to do that. Plenty of RF designs and EMI compatible projects completed with KiCad. Good luck!
This is incredible
Thank you very much de w0it
Autoroute creates ugly layouts. They will fail in EMC tests and reduces producibility. Very seldom used in professional field.
totally agree - if this autorouting has taken half an hour it its a waste of time. I would had done the same job in the same time - manually. On top of that there will be at least an hour just to clean up to have decently signal routing and to have nice power planes. My 25 years old version of PADS PCB does a better autorout job in 20 minutes, and even obeys net design rules including max length diff. Power routing is poor and could easily have been routed much better manually. My judgement is that this would had been a two and a half hour job manually - placement and routing - and you would have had a much more robust power routing
I understand what you are saying, but for my project, it was just what I needed. At the very least it's another option.
Very interesting, thank you!
I see in the shematic there are 4 nand gates that are part of a 74ls00 chip. When the schematic is imported into the pcb layout they are replaced by the pinout for the package. Can someone point out where this is explained? wher do the breakout symbols come from and how do they get related to the package symbol?
Hi, the schematic symbols, also have associated ''footprints' as they are called and are all stored in the KiCad part library. When you add a part like a 74LS00, you get 4 gates, each with a letter (a,b,c,d) this indicates which gate in the package you are connecting to, and with pin numbers also shown for that gate. Those pins then translate to the PCB footprint and KiCad does that automatically once placed in the PCB layout. Hope that helps.
IT HAVE NO SOUL !
ha.. just go manual.
Great vid. For some of the “youngsters”, who started using computers after core memory was no longer the standard. Occasionally, you would get what is called a “slow bit”. The ferrite core wouldn’t flip to the opposite direction within the allotted time of the write cycle. One place I worked had this happen. Obviously replacing one ferrite core, in the field, was not possible. Sadly, I don’t remember what the manufacturers engineer did to remedy it. It seems like we were able to proceed with processing after the engineer worked his magic.
This is an excellent video, thanks so much for taking the time to make it. Now I understand how db's work! Thank you.
That MinPro looks like my XGecu Pro.
Great instruction. Very helpful. Thanks a lot.
hi mate could you be having schematic for this project
Very nice project. I have exact the same memory module since 1985 or so. After seeing Curious Marc's video's about core memory I wanted to connect my module to an arduino. Your video is very helpfull. Perhaps I can find the energy ( due to long covid not much energy )building my own version.😊
Thats pretty cool that you have the same module. These are quite rare now. Some history checking shows these came from desktop calculators from the late 60's. Would be interested if you know what it came out of in your case. Like the Sharp Compet 32(CS-32A) or 33A. But there were a few other brands using the same boards inside. Sorry to hear of your long covid. Good luck.
@@NEEC1 I worked for the Sharp dealer in the Netherlands. Didn't repair the old compet calculators so didn't know the module came from a compet. I repaired the modern calculators an cash registers. A colleage gave me the core memory module. After searching the internet some time ago I found one same module in a Japanese museum. Thanks for your reaction. Have a nice day.
You should connect any inputs of unused gates or inverters to either VCC or GND. Floating inputs may cause the device to oscillate.
Hi. Thats true for CMOS inputs where the input pins can float, putting the gate into an undetermined state. Possibly leading to some kind of oscillation. However, we are using LS series here which are not high impedance input. Its fine to not connect them in this case. They are internally biased (pull up) to high.
You missed a trick with the video title, mention Arduino and magnetic core memory and the hits will go up. Everyone loves Arduino and obscure applications. Great explanation and implementation.. 👍👍
Arduino added!
The days of over clocking made easy. 😄😄
Excellent video. Thanks!
Should have filled the empty space with a NOP slide for if it ever got out of your loop.
I want a 1200S, i already have the 1200SRA and would swap my Marconi 29555 for a 1200S..!!
I'm not sure, if auto routing is ready to go. Even this is possible since some decates, the results are not impressive, due to the lack of absence of information in the netlist. I guess the result will not perforne pretty well in EMI for example.
It really is amazing,
Where is the fun in this? Just an excuse for the lazy elements to learn nothing but obtain code and pass it off as their own.
Thats a fair comment David. I can see this being a controversial subject.
Cool!
A full project! from magnetics to pcb to coding ! Great you can store a sentence in magnetic cores!
wauw that"s something i always want to do...
Thank you.
Good job excellent content👏
Really well explained, thanks. I need to disassemble some MC6802 so looked at the 6502 as there is more info and videos on the more popular cpu. The general idea is the same.
Very well explained, THANK YOU
I have found, that with Kikad, the reason that the Ground plane does not fill all of the area's like in your video (it does it to me) is because the routing of the traces, leaves those area's without free access to GND. You will find, upon looking, that the area's are completely surrounded by traces, or even socket pad clearances. I put a ground plane on the bottom layer and it did this.
Next challenge get the rest working. Do a dump of the core!
Nice, good mixture of engineering in one vid! An almost forgotten technology, created by brilliant engineers before chips and internet.
Hi Paul, Kicad as of recently included FreeRouting as one of the Plugin options. Check it out, makes it quite a bit quicker and more seamless to use.
If you setup all your netlists and constraints in advance (power trace thicknesses, special signal net clearances etc) FreeRouting will take this into account and adjust accordingly.
Hi there, well thats great news. Must be very recent. I was using the latest release just a few weeks ago and it was not included. Will investigate!
I didn't see how you took your pencil written schematic and made it into the digital version. I'm new to KiCad and trying to replicate a board but the learning curve to do that is very steep.
Hi Michael. You are right. The video was already getting quite long and wanted to get the point. I had to miss the process of manually entering in the schematic from paper. It really is a process of getting all those bits of circuit (multiple bits of paper) and one by one entering it in. Its a process but eventually you get the whole schematic. I may do another video specifically on schematic entry if there's enough interest. Thanks. And good luck.
Why not use a 1MHz crystal and a couple of inverters? If present and available of course...
Hi. Yes it could have been done with a 1MHz crystal. But i chose a simple RC arrangement to do the job simply to reduce costs. And the NANDs were already there, so no need for inverters. But yes, that would have been an alternative way and much better precision for clocking frequency if it was needed. thanks.
Takes me back a few years. Back when I was in 6th form I had an Acorn Atom (the machine before the BBC computer), and no printer. The college had an old KSR33 110 baud RS232 terminal. I knocked up a level shifter from an op amp and a couple of lab power supplies, hooked the printer vector to some code I wrote to convert parallel to serial, wrote a 6502 disassembler in BASIC and printed out a dump of the Atom ROM (4K in size IIRC). Software and hardware have improved a bit since then😊 Sorry I didn’t see your correction in the description for the previous video, they don’t show up on an iPad unless deliberately clicked.
Beautiful work .
Erm, the Raspberry Pi is built with a microprocessor, not a Microcontroller. While the Broadcom chip is considered to be a system on a chip, it doesn’t host RAM, ROM etc, and most importantly from a Microcontroller point of view it doesn’t provide deterministic execution time. The ARM Cortex A series processors are designed to run code as fast as possible (using high internal clock speeds and cache memory). The ARM Cortex M series are designed to provide deterministic performance (they always take a given number of cycles to execute a given piece of code) and have on board RAM and ROM. The Cortex R series are specialised to handle real time tasks that require immediate response.
I stated that in the description Steve (point 2).
I enjoyed the series of videos for this project I am fortunate I own a licenced copy of Orcad 17.4 professional although a steep learning currve it makes the job a lot easier looking forward to another series of videos like this one
Thanks, glad you enjoyed the series.
I see U2 and U3 power pins does not have ant pin numbers but the wires are coming out this is confusing to anyone reading the schematics also the processor U1 would have probably been better upside down with pin 1 at the bottom of the pcb but keep them coming you're getting there