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They are broadly the same thing, and likely arose from the same cultural practices. They also occur in Brittany

You're right to bring this up and although I didn't have time in this video, one day i'll do a specific video delving deeper into Kernewek Fogous and part of that video will be a discussion on whether they're simply similar to Irish, Scottish, and Breton Soutteraines, or whether they're actually a Kernewek version. As briefly as I can, though (and fair warning I tend to ramble ;) ), the answer is complicated and is basically summed up as 'we're not sure' due to lack of evidence. There's disagreement amongst archaeologists but many archaeologists who cover such things and claim they're unique have a vested interest Kernewek uniqueness and identity and their conclusions have a tendancy to be affected by such viewpoints. Those in favour of a unique Kernewek structure argue the positioning of Kernewek fogous less around defensive forts and more ordinary settlements, their limited number all focused in one small region, the different layouts of them compared to say Scottish Soutteraines and their limit to the Iron Age alone, is enough to differentiate them as seperate structures with differing purpose and seperate tradition. Those who argue the opposite though will say structures don't have to follow the exact same layout or location preferences, nor have the exact same purposes, to be classified as the same type. A house is a house is a house, I suppose. They still acknowledge that Kernewek soutteraines seem earlier than most and that unlike other regions the tradition doesn't continue into the Medieval period, but say it's simply a viation of the same classification of structure, with a slightly different history. Ultimately the issues lie in the fact that these fogous and many soutteraines across teh Celtic world turn up very little actual evidence. Many Kernewek fogou's, for example, were 'excavated ' (raided) by antequarians, and even earlier many potential sites were destroyed with their stones reused as building materials. Whch makes it very hard to identify a purpose as we only really have their location, a vague number, and the layout itself to go off of. Personally I believe they can be classified as unique, due to the number of differences compared to Celtic soutteraines. One or two small differences amongst things of the same type are fine, but once the differences start compiling into a larger list one has to question whether that classification is still accurate. In particular I think the fact they're not built outside of the Iron Age and that they could have a different purpose due to where they're built are factors that lead me to believe this. Though I am aware my own biases lead me to be more open to that conclusion. I am after all making a UA-cam channel of Kernewek heritage haha! I hope that helped, and sorry for the long winded explanation! It's a good question, and one that was in the original draft of this video, so I wondered if anyone would discuss it and wanted to give a proper answer. Meur ras, thanks, for watching anyhow!

Pur lowen, meur ras! :)

Hahaha lovely to see you watching and commenting again! Those are some incredible finds, actually! Metal detecting has always sounded incrdibly alluring to me though I must admit, and as weird as this sounds coming from an archaeologist, i'm not sure I have the patience! ;) Ah yeah Crofty was a tragedy, glad you seemed to find your feet though. Recently moved to London for work so I guess I myself am in Catuvellauni country! Still yearning for those Kernewek cliffs mind you and can't wait to head back for a visit. Glad I could make a video covering your passion, honestly the Iron Age is one of my favourite periods of history and once I get through all these overview of X period videos I have a lot planned to delve deeper into certain aspects of it, but in the meantime, I think new bookshelves are always warranted haha! Anyways, thanks again for watching, it means a lot, and don't apologise, it makes me happy to bring some of those bleddy 'ansome memories back. It's my goal with these videos to get people thinking, learning and talking about Kernow more, after all.

No worries and thanks so much for watching! In terms of the threat, whilst possible it was the Romans, personally I think it far more likely the threat was closer to home, either from the British Isles and Ireland, or the immediate continent. Such a rich region as Kernow would've been via tin is likely to turn the heads of many neighbours. Plenty of the promontory and hill forts were updated or constructed long before the Romans get remotely close, and as I allude to in the video, we have to wonder how Dumnonia itself expanded to cover most of the British South-West. But yes, as you say it's likely we'll never truly know, such is the fun and frustration of archaeology! That said, never say never, who knows what will be found in the future! ;)

I'm pleased you think so! Meur ras, thanks, for watching 💚

Cheers Stu it means a lot and i'm glad it comes through! And genuinely thanks once again for letting me use your channel's drone footage! Without a handful of kind people like yourself letting me use the footage these videos would not be anywhere near as gorgeous to watch!

I'm by no means an expert on Bell-Beaker origins, so pinch of salt 😉 BUT from what I know and understand, beaker people (or specifically their ancestors, primarily the corded ware people) and the Yamnaya steppe people are from different haplogroups that intermixed but show different migrations and genetics happening contemporaneously with each other. So whilst 'We' (or some percentage of us at least) are their descendants, the bell beakers and corded ware people were mixing with them but not themselves directly descended from them. It seems the generations after that trace their lineage to the Yamnaya steppe people. Again, from what I know. It's been a while since I made this video and studied those migrations so pinch of salt definitely required. As for the Sun, well... I tend to disregard its opinions anyway 😂 but yes most likely the sun would not be favourable to them. Which is simewhat ironic as whether it's a Celtic journalist or Anglo-Saxon journalist, neither is native to these shores, at least compared to these earlier cultures anyhow.

@@thekernewekpenguin The last decade we learnt from dna sequencing that only 3 kind of people populated Europe: WHG, anatolian farmers and yamnaya. Bell-Beaker, corded people etc. only about pottery usage by archeologist.

Hahaha don't worry, as much as I'll joke about them, I bring up Dewnans and Dumnonia a fair bit when discussing Kernow, especially as we're still covering periods of history before any clear-cut split happened. And unlike most other English counties, Devon actually shows slightly different genetics more comparable with Kernow, albeit diluted (something briefly discussed in my bell beaker video), so it's still Celtic in blood even if many there don't realise today 😉

Kernow Bys Vyken! We might not have much these days, and I suspect that's why your ancestors left (certainly for most it was), but we'll always have the beautiful cliffs, hills, and sea, not to mention the people too! And for that I feel eternally privileged. 💚

It's been such a pleasant surprise for me as well tbh! I go into these videos with an awareness of the general period as an archaeologist and some context for Kernow specifically, but one thing I did not count upon when researching every single video this far was just how unique the Scilly Isles are, and how consistent they are in that uniqueness across thousands of years with their archaeology. The entrance graves in particular were what led me to make a video specifically for Scilly's prehistory. I myself am planning a trip too, now! There's some gorgeous history on those islands, and relatively well preserved compared to elsewhere. You can even come across old bronze age field boundaries in the shallow waters still. Perfectly preserved and relatively in situ 😳 Enjoy your trip, I hope you get to see them one day ✨

Not necessarily imo. Many people connect to and understand their heritage and ancestry in other countries, and many proud Cornish folk like myself have had to leave due to economic woes within the Duchy. And if we're being completely honest, Cornish nationalism is sadly nowhere near the level of Irish, Scottish, or even Welsh nationalism, so there are, unfortunately, many Cornish people who live there and very much don't understand their culture or heritage fully. All these reasons are why I created this channel and make videos when I can. To provide a way for those people to better connect with their heritage. I confess I don't understand the relevance of this comment under the video though hahaha but if you're referring to me then rest assured I'm Cornish (well, Cornish-Egyptian) and only left for university to study Archaeology.

I have made a video specifically covering the Isles of Scilly's prehistory but, no, I don't think I'll ever do one comparing it with Sicily. Aside from their name and location relative to the rest of their country I don't think there is anything that is similar about them moreso than other islands or parts of Europe. I think if anything Scilly is best compared with the other outlying isles of Britain and Island. That said, never say never. I'm by no means an expert on Sicily and maybe I'll come across something on my reading that changes my mind on this! 😉

Very kind of you, meur ras!

Both are very appropraite first thoughts, and mining was very on topic for this video 😉 It'll be a while before I cover smuggling, but I am looking forward to getting there. Anyway, meur ras, thanks, for watching!

And Fishing. My Uncles and Cousins ,through marriage, are the Vinnicombes. Mustn't forget them.

Awww thanks so much, that means a lot to me! It was a very happy discovery once people started mentioning this about my voice, I had no idea haha! Hopefully with a bit more work and learning on the audio editing side of things I can get everything sounding lovely, but I'm happy you enjoy it currently as well! Meur ras, thanks, for watching! 💚

Cheers mate!

Haha not a bad first thought tbh. Makes me want to watch it again!

@@thekernewekpenguin Just did last night mate

My pleasure! 😊 To answer your question, very briefly, yes. There was absolutely fishing and maritime exploitation happening in The Bronze Age. We don't have tons of direct evidence from Kernow, but a few excavations at some sites have uncovered shellfish and fish bones, and we know fishing was occurring in prior periods in Kernow during the stone age, as well as during the Bronze Age elsewhere in Britain. Combine that with the extensive maritime trade routes during the period, and we can infer that not only was there river, estuary and coastal exploitation ocurring for maritime resouces, but very possibly seafishing taking place too.

@@thekernewekpenguin Interesting. Thank you.

@@StuFliesAroundCornwall Meur Ras, thanks man! And thanks again for letting me use some of your drone footage! 🫡

@@rickymherbert2899 glad to hear you enjoyed it and right side of the Tamar indeed 😉 That's an interesting first thought for sure, and I have to say not a particularly pleasant one. As an archaeologist all clay is the bane of my existence when wet 😂

@@SithFam Heb grev, no problem!

@@KernowekTim Hahaha I'm glad I can bring those feelings forward! Sounds like Mr Lucas did his culture proud! Thanks to my teachers I got a similar education, but would love to see a separate Kernewek History syllabus/module so all in Kernow can learn about our wonderful heritage. Though I'll say it's probably worth learning at least a little bit of the history of our neighbours in England too, given how important they are to our own history haha! 😉 Your Queen memory gave me a chuckle, cheers for watching! 🖤🤍🖤

I was at Falmouth Grammar School for the last two years of it's existence and remember Taffy Roberts as well as Peter 'Fingers' Gilson. It was Shirley Williams of the Labour party who closed it down.

@@Britonbear Williams closed it, but Thatcher, as Education secretary opened Falmouth School peviously, and there it waited for us. Pete Gilson, Mr Smith, 'Pappy' Peters, John Lucas, man that's going back. Remember when John Treloar got lifted in Assembly by the police for the "incident at Swanpool"? Treloar was a nasty piece of work. My cousin Stephen Oliver was a prefect then. We passed the 11 plus and then ended up at Trescobeas. Talk about throwing the wheat back into the chaff. I got hauled out and went to Truro School and got the shit knocked outa me for a day or two for coming from Falmouth. The ruby was good at Falmouth. I played for the highly successful 1973-74 Colts at the Recre. We were the best from the Grammar School with a handful of Trescobeas boys thrown in. Truro School hated that! Later.

Thanks for watching! I've been searching for a new job and house these past two months but things are finally sorted now so I'll be continuing with the series in August! The Kingdom of Kernow should be quite fun to cover, I'm looking forward to it, though it reigns in the early Medieval period, so I've got a few videos to make before that one 😉 The wider Kingdom of Dumnonia, however, will be covered in the video after next, the Iron Age 🫡

@@thekernewekpenguin ahhh bless ya on that, housing and career are def stressful - happy your sorted well!….. and I’m hyped for all your videos, finding dark age Cornwall videos is extremely difficult so thank you for doing all this. Always have been hyped about kingdom of Kernow, I’m a Curnow so we always thought it came from Kernow. But Bernard deacon at Exeter university seems to think likely not. Richard Blewett however thinks the Curnows came from Ireland and fought with the Harveii against Wessex , where they were beating back into the parishes of towednack and ludgvan ….Regardless I can’t wait for all your videos and thank you for spreading our culture 🙏

Well spotted! Had to include them somewhere! 😉

It's an easy connection to make haha but the two words aren't related, no. In fact Kernewek is only distantly related to Gaelic languages and far more closely related to Welsh and Bretonnic. Kernow comes from the proto-Celtic Kerneu which means horn (geographic horn, similar to headland). Kernow was originally a smaller tribe within the larger pre and post Roman Kingdom of Dumnonia but when Dumnonia lost its east of Tamar lands to the Saxons the Kernewek seemed to take charge and form their own Kingdom, Kernow. Interestingly, as an aside, the first half of the English name has similar roots, coming from the Latin for horn which is cornu.

Very interesting- Curnow came from Kernow I’m gonna guess

Kern means horn. In Hebrew, interestingly, horn is keren. Kernow is what was left of Dumnonia after Dewnans, or Devon, was conquered by Wessex.

Yes.

Good to know! Hopefully I’ll be able to make the next international family reunion

Awww that's really appreciated, thanks mate! I have more stuff in the works, been busy with house/job hunting hence the gap in the series but should be able to continue in the next couple of weeks so keep an eye out, and in the meantime thanks for watching 😄

Yep you're right, I think the estimations I've heard are 2 million, to varying degrees, of Cornish descent over there so many can trace at least a small part of their ancestral history to these cliffs! Similar to those of Irish descent vs those actually in Ireland today, there are far more of Cornish descent there than Cornish in Cornwall today.

I actually plan on doing a series on Cornish folklore and literature/plays in the future so your head my mind! But for now I'm working on getting the backbone of the channel done - these overview videos. The next one (Bronze Age) is taking far longer than planned but it is nearly done, and by September they should all be done and I'll be able to really delve into Cornish culture and Heritage which I'm excited for :) Anyway, thanks for watching!

Hahaha thanks! I wondered if anyone would notice that. As you might imagine finding enough higher-quality clips of the Isles of Scilly for a near 20-minute video, that people would then allow me to use, was difficult given it's such a niche! I did what I could and had to fill in the rest with Kernow but,hopefully, it wasn't too bothersome ;) !

@@thekernewekpenguin no probs. keep up the good work

Glad to hear you think so, thanks so much for watching! And yes! Exactly my thinking! I was suspicious of the idea when I kept coming across it but am open minded so was willing to be convinced. However the evidence never felt quite satisfactory for what would be an overly complicated and dangerous way of burying the dead. Then I read Katherine Sawyer's book 'Isles of the Dead' during this part of my research and she spends the whole book summarily dismantling the idea, and actually provides very credible arguments and evidence, in my opinion. Nevertheless I'd do a disservice to people if I didn't at least present the idea, but I did want to make clear that I just don't think the theory holds any credible weight when put under scrutiny. I think it sounded like a nice idea to some, especially given it's of a time where not much was known about Scilly's pre-Iron Age activity, and that's why it caught on. But now more studies have taken place I think it's time to let it go.

@@thekernewekpenguin Too many people think these races were like doddling cavemen. They were not. Their brains and cognitive abilities were identical to our own. They solved everyday problems as we would. Not in the dreams of a PhD thesis but practically and efficiently. Life was precious to them. Look forward to more quality content.

Awww happy to hear it, thanks for watching and thanks for the help ;)

@@thekernewekpenguin na fors sos! I think you're doing a great job with this series.

My absolute pleasure and thanks so much for watching! I'm just glad I can help fill a void for some of this stuff, aside from a few good videos on UA-cam covering specific things or a wikipedia page here and there you really have to trawl through masses of academic papers, studies and a lot of books to get this sort of information, so I wanted to help provide that heritage in bite sized chunks!

Awww thanks so much that's really appreciated, and yeah definitely check out the channels I tag in my descriptions if you want to see more gorgeous footage. There's some really wonderful stuff out there and I'm very lucky they gave me permission to use it all. And glad I can scratch that history itch! xD