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PC Biochemistry
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Приєднався 19 тра 2021
Regulation of Gluconeogenesis | Reciprocal Regulation of Gluconeogenesis and Glycolysis | Metabolism
This video provides a tutorial on Reciprocal regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. These two pathways are reciprocally regulated, meaning they cannot be activated simultaneously, which result into consumption of more energy. Energy status of the cells and blood glucose concentration play a very important role in regulating gluconeogenesis. Acetyl CoA is the allosteric activator of pyruvate carboxylase enzyme and activate gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis pathway is allosterically regulated by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. It is an allosteric activator of PFK-1 enzyme where it inhibits fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase enzyme. It activates glycolysis and inhibits gluconeogenesis. During overnight fasting, when blood glucose concentration is low, glucagon level increases which then activates gluconeogenesis; whereas after having meal, blood glucose concentration rises, insulin level increases which then activates glycolysis.
The following topics are covered in this lesson,
1. What is gluconeogenesis?
2. Reciprocal regulation of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis
3. Allosteric regulation by acetyl CoA
4. How does fructos 2,6-bisphosphate regulate gluconeogenesis?
5. How does glucagon inhibit pyruvate kinase enzyme?
6. How does glucagon activate pyruvate carboxylase enzyme?
7. What is PFK-2/fructose bisphosphatase-2 enzyme?
8. How does PFK-2/fructose bisphosphatase-2 enzyme regulate gluconeogenesis?
9. What are the effects of energy charge of the cells on glycolysis and gluconeogenesis?
10. How does blood glucose concentration regulate gluconeogenesis?
11. How does liver regulate blood glucose concentration?
The following topics are covered in this lesson,
1. What is gluconeogenesis?
2. Reciprocal regulation of gluconeogenesis and glycolysis
3. Allosteric regulation by acetyl CoA
4. How does fructos 2,6-bisphosphate regulate gluconeogenesis?
5. How does glucagon inhibit pyruvate kinase enzyme?
6. How does glucagon activate pyruvate carboxylase enzyme?
7. What is PFK-2/fructose bisphosphatase-2 enzyme?
8. How does PFK-2/fructose bisphosphatase-2 enzyme regulate gluconeogenesis?
9. What are the effects of energy charge of the cells on glycolysis and gluconeogenesis?
10. How does blood glucose concentration regulate gluconeogenesis?
11. How does liver regulate blood glucose concentration?
Переглядів: 3 489
Відео
Gluconeogenesis | Pathway Overview | Gluconeogenic precursor | Metabolism | Biochemistry Basics
Переглядів 8 тис.8 місяців тому
This video provides a tutorial on Pathway of Gluconeogenesis. Gluconeogenesis means synthesis of new glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates. There are four important enzymes which bypass the irreversible reactions of glycolysis, this include, pyruvate carboxylase, PEP-carboxykinase, fructose 1,6-bisphosphate and glucose 6-phosphatase. Pyruvate is first carboxylated to oxaloacetate which requi...
Cori Cycle | Lactic acid Metabolism | Glucose-Lactate Cycle | Importance of Cori Cycle | Metabolism
Переглядів 3,5 тис.9 місяців тому
This video provides a tutorial on Cori Cycle or Lactic Acid Fermentation. Cori cycle occurs takes place in skeletal muscle and liver and also in cells which lack mitochondria such as red blood cells. During intense exercise, oxygen may not reach the muscle cells fast enough to keep up with the workout. This triggers the anaerobic glycolysis in skeletal muscles and coverts pyruvate to lactate. L...
Glycerol-3-Phosphate Shuttle| Mitochondrial Respiration | Biochemistry Basics
Переглядів 5 тис.Рік тому
This video provides a tutorial on Glycerol-3-Phosphate Shuttel. NADH generated in the cytosol through glycolysis cannot cross the mitochondrial membrane for oxidation to synthesize ATP. In glycerophosphate shuttle, electrons from cytosolic NADH are passed to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and convert it to glycerol-3-phosphate with the help of cytosolic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase enzyme. Gl...
Malate-Aspartate Shuttle| Mitochondrial Respiration | Biochemistry Basics
Переглядів 5 тис.Рік тому
This video provides a tutorial on Malate-Aspartate Shuttle. NADH generated in the cytosol through glycolysis cannot cross the mitochondrial membrane for oxidation to synthesize ATP. Malate-aspartate shuttle carries electrons from the cytosolic NADH, which are then carried across the mitochondrial membrane in the form of malate. Malate is then converted to oxaloacetate with the help of enzyme ma...
Electron Transport & Oxidative Phosphorylation | Mitochondrial Respiration | Biochemistry Basics
Переглядів 5 тис.Рік тому
This video provides a tutorial on Electron Transport & Oxidative Phosphorylation. Electron transport chain creates a proton gradient, which further creates pH gradient and electrical gradient. Both pH and electrical gradient attract protons back into the mitochondrial matrix through ATP synthase enzyme, a process known as “chemiosmosis”. Protons from the intermembrane space entre into a subunit...
Electron Transport Chain | Mitochondrial Respiration | Biochemistry Basics
Переглядів 17 тис.Рік тому
This video provides a tutorial on Electron Transport Chain. The electron transport chain occurs in the inner mitochondrial membrane. NADH is oxidized and transferred its electrons to complex I to coenzyme Q to complex III to Complex IV and finally to oxygen atom. Similarly, electrons from FADH2 are carried from complex II to coenzyme Q to complex III to cytochrome c to complex IV and finally ox...
TCA Cycle | Crebs Cycle | Citric Acid Cycle | Biochemistry Basics
Переглядів 14 тис.2 роки тому
This video provides a tutorial on Citric Acid Cycle. The cycle occurs in the mitochondria and there are total eight reactions. Acetyl-CoA enters the TCA cycle with two carbon atoms and leaves the cycle with two Co2. The electrons liberated through the oxidation of acetyl CoA reduce coenzymes to NADH and FADH2. The cycle also synthesises one molecule ATP through substrate-level phosphorylation. ...
What is Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDH Complex)? | Oxidative Decarboxylation of Pyruvate
Переглядів 21 тис.2 роки тому
This video provides a tutorial on role of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex (PDH Complex) in Oxidative Decarboxylation of Pyruvate to Acetyl-CoA. PDH complex consists of three enzymes and five coenzymes. E1enzyme - pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) bound to thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP), E2 enzyme - dihydrolipoyl transacetylase covalently bound to lipoic acid and coenzyme A and E3 enzyme - dihydrolipoyl...
Regulation of Glycogen Metabolism | Glycogen Metabolism | Carbohydrate Metabolism | Biochemistry
Переглядів 8 тис.2 роки тому
This video provides a tutorial on Regulation of Glycogen Metabolism during fed and fasting state. Control of glycogen metabolism involves the reciprocal regulation of glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase enzymes, rate-limiting enzymes for glycogenesis and glycogenolysis, respectively. When blood glucose levels are high during fed state, the beta cells are pancreas release insulin. Insul...
Glycogenolysis | Glycogen Breakdown | Glycogen Metabolism | Carbohydrate Metabolism | Biochemistry
Переглядів 12 тис.2 роки тому
This video provides a tutorial on glycogenolysis (glycogen breakdown). The alpha (1-4) glycosidic bonds between glucose monomers in glycogen chain are broken down by glycogen phosphorylase enzyme. This reaction occurs by phosphorylosis, wherein the inorganic phosphate is transferred to the OH group of C-1 position of terminal glucose molecule. The first step of glycogenolysis involves shortenin...
Glycogenesis | Glycogen Metabolism | Carbohydrate Metabolism | Biochemistry
Переглядів 10 тис.2 роки тому
This video provides a tutorial on glycogenesis. Glycogen is made of multibranched polysaccharides of glucose monomers that serves to store the energy. Glycogen molecule consists of glucose monomers, glycogenin protein, reducing end, nonreducing end and branch point. Glucose monomers are linked to each other via alpha (1-4) glycosidic bonds, whereas glucose monomers at branch point are connected...
Hexokinase Vs Glucokinase | Regulation of Glycolysis | Metabolism | Biochemistry
Переглядів 9 тис.2 роки тому
This video provides a tutorial on important difference between hexokinase and glucokinase enzyme. Hexokinase enzyme has low Km (0.1 mM, high affinity for substrate) and low Vmax) low-capacity enzyme). This allows hexokinase enzyme to convert glucose to glucose-6-phosphate even under the presence of low glucose concentration. On the other hand, glucokinase enzyme Vmax (high-capacity enzyme). Thi...
Regulation of Glycolysis | Allosteric vs Hormonal Regulation of Glycolysis | Biochemistry
Переглядів 22 тис.2 роки тому
This video provides a tutorial on regulation of glycolysis pathway. There are three important enzymes that regulate glycolysis pathway. 1. Hexokinase and glucokinase enzymes are allosterically activated by its substrate glucose. Hexokinase is allosterically inhibited by its product fructose-6-phosphate, whereas glucokinase is allosterically inhibited by fructose-6-phosphate. 2. Phosphofructokin...
Glycolysis | Carbohydrate Metabolism | Biochemistry
Переглядів 35 тис.2 роки тому
This video provides a lesson on glycolysis pathway. In glycolysis pathway, one molecule of glucose is broken down in to two molecules of pyruvate. Glycolysis takes place in all cells with mitochondria as well as tissues such brain, kidney exercising muscles and cells such as red blood cells (lack mitochondria) and sperm cells. Glycolysis pathway consists of total reactions: investment phase (co...
Introduction to Metabolism | Catabolism Vs Anabolism | Biochemistry
Переглядів 42 тис.2 роки тому
Introduction to Metabolism | Catabolism Vs Anabolism | Biochemistry
Translation - Elongation & Termination | Stages of Protein Synthesis | Biochemistry
Переглядів 15 тис.2 роки тому
Translation - Elongation & Termination | Stages of Protein Synthesis | Biochemistry
Translation Initiation | Initiation of Protein Synthesis | Biochemistry
Переглядів 27 тис.2 роки тому
Translation Initiation | Initiation of Protein Synthesis | Biochemistry
Introduction to Protein Synthesis | What is genetic code? | Biochemistry Basics
Переглядів 7 тис.2 роки тому
Introduction to Protein Synthesis | What is genetic code? | Biochemistry Basics
Posttranscriptional Modification of RNA | RNA processing | Biochemistry
Переглядів 9 тис.3 роки тому
Posttranscriptional Modification of RNA | RNA processing | Biochemistry
Transcription Termination in Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes | Biochemistry
Переглядів 22 тис.3 роки тому
Transcription Termination in Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes | Biochemistry
DNA Transcription Initiation & Elongation | In Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes | Biochemistry
Переглядів 14 тис.3 роки тому
DNA Transcription Initiation & Elongation | In Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes | Biochemistry
mRNA, tRNA and rRNA | Structure and Function | What are different types of RNA? | Biochemistry
Переглядів 43 тис.3 роки тому
mRNA, tRNA and rRNA | Structure and Function | What are different types of RNA? | Biochemistry
How is DNA Packaged into Chromosome? | Introduction to Nucleosome, Chromatin & Chromosome
Переглядів 29 тис.3 роки тому
How is DNA Packaged into Chromosome? | Introduction to Nucleosome, Chromatin & Chromosome
Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic DNA Replication
Переглядів 24 тис.3 роки тому
Eukaryotic vs Prokaryotic DNA Replication
Termination of DNA Replication | What are Telomeres & Telomerase? | What is End Replication Problem?
Переглядів 6 тис.3 роки тому
Termination of DNA Replication | What are Telomeres & Telomerase? | What is End Replication Problem?
DNA Replication - Elongation | Leading vs Lagging strand | What are Okazaki Fragments?
Переглядів 7 тис.3 роки тому
DNA Replication - Elongation | Leading vs Lagging strand | What are Okazaki Fragments?
Initiation of DNA Replication | What is Origin of Replication? | What is Replication Fork?
Переглядів 16 тис.3 роки тому
Initiation of DNA Replication | What is Origin of Replication? | What is Replication Fork?
Introduction to Nucleic Acids, Nucleosides and Nucleotides | Biochemistry Basics
Переглядів 80 тис.3 роки тому
Introduction to Nucleic Acids, Nucleosides and Nucleotides | Biochemistry Basics
I will always treasure you ,you made my life easier in central dogma.I almost dropped out of medical school but the moment I encountered you,my life changed totally in the medical school
Best explanation and note go ahead
Amazing explanation,thank you
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Great explanation. Thank u❤
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Thank you ❤
Can be study for msc ist sem as a biochemistry subject m msc ist sem. Zoology hons in du...
Awesome explanation 😍
Good morning Teacher, Sorry for my limited knowledge. I have a question: Since Hexokinase phosphorylates glucose, phosphoglycerate kinase also phosphorylates 1,3-biphophosphoglycerinate?! Because both are kinase enzymes.
The normal function of GSK 3 is to inhibit the GS ....but if the GSK 3 is itself inactived after phosphorylation........then how can the phosphorylated GSK 3 still inhibit the GS ??????? Unable to decode this part.
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i am very pleased after seeing this video. i had read this lesson before...but this time I cleared more than before.
I watch many others video on youtube but my concept is not clear . But mam after watching your video my concept is Cristal clear ,mam your explanation is very very easy and good, thak you mam for making this video ❤, mam please make the video on Protein and Lipid metabolism, 😢, and also please make video on other topics..
Well explained mam❤
Very helpful! Especially the explanation about the glycogenin!!! Thank you!
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I thought prokaryotes didn't have a nucleus???
Super, perfect.
I usually only understand with actual animation videos but this is the second video I have watched from you and it’s super helpful I actually understand ! Thank you so much😊
Excellent madam
Thank you so much mam😁🙏
Amazing video for my lectures
That's really helpful please.. continue the biochemistry...
So helpful thank u so much
Ter= telomere end replication TTAGGG nucleotide sequence. Tus proteins: termination utilization/ unwinding sequences proteins which binds to ter- region during termination of replication.
Hii mam thankyou so much. I hate biochemistry but your videos makes me love biochemistry. You make the concept so easy and understanding. Thankyou ❤️ can you post more videos please
Thank u so much ❤❤..
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Thank you so much for sharing your video. I completely understand your lesson. Very clear and simple.
Impressed
👍
👍
Thank you very much. I learned a lot and your style of explanation was beautiful. I am watching you from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Thank you
The best explanation
真的非常感謝你❤
Very much knowledgeable thanks a bunch mam ❤
Please post more videos