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Marcos Alonso
Spain
Приєднався 20 вер 2013
Professor at University of Oviedo, Spain.
This channel is my personal notebook about relevant topics I am studying and want to keep recorded. This way, I can revisit them at any time. I like to learn new things. Join my channel if you want to learn along!
This channel is not for beginners though. A Bachelor degree with topics on electrical, electronics, and control engineering is assumed as the viewers' background.
Always check the comment section of each video. I will add there any correction or clarification when necessary. Nobody is perfect :)
Please, let me know your comments, and don't forget to subscribe. Thanks!
Main topics on this channel are: Electronics, Analog and Digital. Power Electronics. Open software for electronics design. And occasionally... Physics!
If you enjoy this channel and wish to support it with a small contribution you can do so through the PayPal link below. Thanks in advance.
You can also check out my books available on Amazon through the link below.
This channel is my personal notebook about relevant topics I am studying and want to keep recorded. This way, I can revisit them at any time. I like to learn new things. Join my channel if you want to learn along!
This channel is not for beginners though. A Bachelor degree with topics on electrical, electronics, and control engineering is assumed as the viewers' background.
Always check the comment section of each video. I will add there any correction or clarification when necessary. Nobody is perfect :)
Please, let me know your comments, and don't forget to subscribe. Thanks!
Main topics on this channel are: Electronics, Analog and Digital. Power Electronics. Open software for electronics design. And occasionally... Physics!
If you enjoy this channel and wish to support it with a small contribution you can do so through the PayPal link below. Thanks in advance.
You can also check out my books available on Amazon through the link below.
PE #76: Dynamic Response of DC-DC Converters under Hysteretic Voltage Control
This video presents the implementation of hysteretic voltage control of dc-dc converters. This is a control method that allows us to regulate the output voltage without having to design and implement a closed-loop compensator. The hysteretic comparator drives the switch directly from the output voltage ripple assuring high accuracy and extremely fast response. The main disadvantage of this control method is the variable operating frequency, which can be an issue in some particular applications. The extremely fast response of this control method is demonstrated by Qspice simulations.
Переглядів: 418
Відео
TT #8: How to Create a One-shot circuit in Qspice
Переглядів 28514 днів тому
This video explains how to create a one-shot circuit (monostable flip-flop) in Qspice. The video shows also how to create embedded components that can be simulated by themselves without carrying on a library file. This is very convenient to share simulation files with other people.
PE #75: Dynamic Response of DC-DC Converters under Hysteretic Control
Переглядів 29821 день тому
This video investigates the dynamic response of DC-DC converters under hysteretic control. Qspice simulations are shown to illustrate the different concepts. It is shown how the hysteretic control is much faster than other control methods that operate at constant frequency, like the voltage-mode control or current-mode control. In hysteretic control there is no sampling effect because the ton a...
PE #74: Single-Stage versus Integrated LED Drivers: A Comparison
Переглядів 188Місяць тому
In this video a comparison of single-stage versus integrated off-line LED drivers is presented. An off-line LED driver is implemented using two different approaches. The first approach is based on using a high-power-factor single-stage flyback converter, while the second approach relies on the high-power-factor integrated buck-boost-flyback converter. The design of both converters is performed ...
PE #73: Effect of Loop Delay in Voltage-Mode-Controlled DC-DC Converters
Переглядів 486Місяць тому
In this video we study the effect of the loop delay in the dynamic response of DC-DC converters. The loop delay further decreases the phase lag of the converter. This affects the phase margin of the converter, making it smaller and pushing the operation of the converter closer to the unstable region. Qspice simulation results are provided to verify the theoretical analysis.
PE #72: Improved Dynamic Model of Voltage-Mode-Controlled DC-DC Converters including Sampling Effect
Переглядів 675Місяць тому
This video explains how to analyze the dynamic behavior of a voltage-mode-controlled DC-DC converter including sampling effect. The modulator sampling effect produces a phase lag that adds to the phase of the converter. This can make the converter unstable in closed loop if the loop-gain bandwidth is too close to half of the switching frequency. The model is verified by Qspice simulation.
FEMM #7: Steady-State Heat Flow Analysis
Переглядів 7582 місяці тому
This video shows how to do steady-state heat-flow finite element analysis using FEMM. The analysis of a heatsink is used as an example. From the analysis results, the thermal resistance of the heatsink can be calculated.
PHY #6: Maxwell's Equations in Matter
Переглядів 2892 місяці тому
This video explains the Maxwell's equations in matter in a simple way. The behavior of dielectric and magnetic materials is summarized. All important definitions are presented in this video in a compact way. The definitions of the important fields used to study the behavior of matter, namely P, D, M, and H are presented. Finally, the Maxwell's equations in matter are summarized. The video conde...
TT #7: Magnetics Library for Qspice
Переглядів 7014 місяці тому
This video introduces the Magnetics library for Qspice. This library was presented previously in video ua-cam.com/video/k3KCunxsHkw/v-deo.html with a version for LTspice. In this video we show 3 examples of application of this library. Full information and application can be found in my book: Inductors. Variable and Controllable. J. Marco Alonso. Amazon KDP. 2021. www.amazon.com/dp/B094CWJLPB
PE #71: Improved Dynamic Model of Current-Mode-Controlled DC-DC Converters
Переглядів 7704 місяці тому
This video shows the derivation of an improved dynamic model of current-mode-controlled dc-dc converters. The model is based on the analysis of the current-mode modulator in the discrete domain. A continuous model is also derived. Qspice simulations are shown to verify the model.
PE #70: Solving Difference Equations
Переглядів 5005 місяців тому
This video explains the procedure to solve difference equations. The procedure is explained by comparison with the procedure of solving differential equations. In the video we talk also about natural and forced responses of a dynamic system and how the complete response of a linear or linearized system can be obtained by superposition of both the natural response and the forced response.
PE #69: Digital Control of a Current-Mode DC-DC Buck Converter. Compensator Direct Synthesis
Переглядів 8535 місяців тому
In this video we show how to design a digital compensator by direct synthesis. The compensator is used to implement a closed-loop current mode dc-dc converter.
DE #12: How to Program a Raspberry Pi Pico in C/C++. PWM and ADC Modules
Переглядів 6805 місяців тому
DE #12: How to Program a Raspberry Pi Pico in C/C . PWM and ADC Modules
DE #11: How to Program a Raspberry Pi Pico in C/C++
Переглядів 7985 місяців тому
DE #11: How to Program a Raspberry Pi Pico in C/C
TT #6: Automatic Symbol Generation in LTspice
Переглядів 3596 місяців тому
TT #6: Automatic Symbol Generation in LTspice
PE #66: Digital Control of a Current-Mode DC-DC Buck Converter
Переглядів 1,7 тис.6 місяців тому
PE #66: Digital Control of a Current-Mode DC-DC Buck Converter
TT #5: How to Handle C++ Module Parameters in Qspice
Переглядів 6986 місяців тому
TT #5: How to Handle C Module Parameters in Qspice
PE #65: Effect of Sampling Period on the Closed-Loop Response of DC-DC Converters
Переглядів 1,1 тис.7 місяців тому
PE #65: Effect of Sampling Period on the Closed-Loop Response of DC-DC Converters
TT #4: How to Embed Components in Qspice (II)
Переглядів 4667 місяців тому
TT #4: How to Embed Components in Qspice (II)
Qspice #9: Current-Mode Push-Pull Converter using the UC1846. Overcurrent Protection
Переглядів 5067 місяців тому
Qspice #9: Current-Mode Push-Pull Converter using the UC1846. Overcurrent Protection
TT #3: How to Embed Components in Qspice
Переглядів 5457 місяців тому
TT #3: How to Embed Components in Qspice
Qspice #8: Current-Mode Push-Pull Converter using the UC1846. Housekeeping Chores
Переглядів 5217 місяців тому
Qspice #8: Current-Mode Push-Pull Converter using the UC1846. Housekeeping Chores
Qspice #7: Current-Mode Push-Pull Converter using the UC1846. Closed-Loop Design
Переглядів 6957 місяців тому
Qspice #7: Current-Mode Push-Pull Converter using the UC1846. Closed-Loop Design
TT #2: How to Plot Converter Characteristics by Qspice Simulation
Переглядів 6528 місяців тому
TT #2: How to Plot Converter Characteristics by Qspice Simulation
Qspice #6: Current-Mode Push-Pull Converter using the UC1846
Переглядів 1,3 тис.8 місяців тому
Qspice #6: Current-Mode Push-Pull Converter using the UC1846
PE #64: Closed-Loop Compensators: PI versus PID
Переглядів 7128 місяців тому
PE #64: Closed-Loop Compensators: PI versus PID
PHY #5: Understanding Maxwell's Equations
Переглядів 7428 місяців тому
PHY #5: Understanding Maxwell's Equations
Good tutorial for beginers ✨
Hi Alonso, I sent you a coffee through PayPal. thank you for such an intuitive lesson . I had been knowing that CMC can cancel a pole for buck but never understood why until I watched this. Another good point is that you always validate the circuit simulations with winpython program.
Probably you need a ramp for reference voltage. Direct step reference apparently causes overshoot.
Yes, of course. A soft-start circuit is highly recommended. I didn't want to complicate the presentation with this. Maybe in a future video. Thanks for your comment
Thanks a lot
You are welcome. Thanks!
Simulations files are available here: github.com/marcosalonsoelectronics/PE-76
Hello Professor Alonso. As always, highly detailed and informative video. Thank you for sharing. Just for your information, I have used the python script from your GitHub and it doesn't work with the latest version of Python and control library. It seems that the mag, phase, omega variables cannot be used like this anymore. This is why I personally don't like using Python because libraries change without keeping backwards compatibility. What works with the current version of Python is not always working with the newest version of it. Octave on the other hand, which is also free, is in my opinion superior to Python for such kind of applications and doesn’t suffer from silly updates like Python does.
Hello, thanks for letting me know. I am using 0.9 version of control lib. The info below may be of help for the latest version. It should be easy to fix Starting with python-control version 0.10, bode_plot returns a ControlPlot object instead of magnitude, phase, and frequency. To recover the old behavior, call bode_plot with plot=True, which will force the legacy values (mag, phase, omega) to be returned (with a warning). To obtain just the frequency response of a system (or list of systems) without plotting, use the frequency_response() command.
@@MarcosAlonsoElectronics thank you for posting the fix. I have already found a workaround.
17:56 After doing Mod operation why we need to multiply by 2*pi again
Because mod() function only gets the remainder of the division. This corresponds to the fractional part of the last turn. We need to multiply by the angle of one turn, which is 2*pi. For example, imagine that the total number of turns is one and a half. The total angle will be 3*pi. We divide 3*pi/2*pi = 1.5. The remainder is 0.5. The angle of the axis will be 0.5*2*pi= pi (= 180º)
incredible work! thank you sir!
Thank you!
Thank you for the great video. I'm currently studying PFC converters. When creating the shape of the current reference using the input voltage (rectified voltage) of a boost PFC converter with a filter, the harmonic distortion becomes severe. Could you explain the reason for this (mathematically)? Using PLL to recreate the current reference solved the issue, but I'm curious about the underlying cause.
Thanks for your comment. I suppose you refer to the input current distortion of the PFC boost converter in DCM. This is because the average input current, which is equal to the inductor current, is not exactly proportional to the input voltage, as is the case of flyback or buck-boost converters for example. In the boost converter, the input current increases during the on time with a slope Vi/L (Vi, input voltage) and decreases during the off time with a slope - (Vo - Vi)/L (Vo, output voltage; Vo>Vi). The part corresponding to the off time introduces a distortion in the input current. Only if Vo >> Vi, this part is negligible compared to the part in the on time and the current has low distortion. This is why the PFC boost converter is usually controlled in critical mode or with average current control to have low input current distortion while keeping the output voltage not too high. Typically Vo= 380 V is used for an input voltage Vi = 230 Vrms
@MarcosAlonsoElectronics thank you professor
It is negative heat flux because it has to flow out. The same is true when you use Current Problem. It has to be negative indicating it flows out of the device.
Thanks for the interesting information
All files are available here github.com/marcosalonsoelectronics/TT-8
Very good video. Thanks for sharing the LTspice libraries!
Thanks for your comment and for watching the channel
All files are available here: github.com/marcosalonsoelectronics/PE-3
Additional files are available here: github.com/marcosalonsoelectronics/PE-2
All files are available here: github.com/marcosalonsoelectronics/PE-1
Simulation files are available here: github.com/marcosalonsoelectronics/PE-5
replique este circuito pero cuando saturo el inductor la corriente si alcanza corrientes de saturacion grandes, pero el voltaje en el inductor sigue igual de sinusoidal , se ve que no se afecta sabes que esta pasando?
La tensión en el inductor es igual a Vin - R*i_L. Como la resistencia R es de solo 1 Ohm la caída de tensión en la resistencia es muy pequeña en comparación con la tensión de entrada y por eso no afecta mucho a la tensión en el inductor. He dejado los archivos de simulación aquí: github.com/marcosalonsoelectronics/PE-5 Gracias por ver el canal y participar en el foro
Are you OK? I heard that there has been a major flood in Spain. I hope everyone is well
I am well. Thank you so much for asking. The flood was in the southeast area of Spain, very far from my city in the north. It is a very sad situation indeed
Hello sir, is it possible to make a video regarding a dcdc converter using digital control in both CCM or dcm depending on the load requirements. Also with a uc from ti or stm?
Hello, thanks for the interesting suggestion. I will consider
@MarcosAlonsoElectronics thank you good sir
Thanks for the good content. I think the non-ideal phenomenon of operational amplifier is also very important for current sensing application. For example, if we want to use MCU to do average current mode control of buck. The GBW parameter is something that we have to be aware of. For ACMC, the bandwidth of the operational amplifier has to be well above the switching frequency.
I agree. Thanks for sharing your expertise with us
Simulations files are available here: github.com/marcosalonsoelectronics/PE-75
Hello Professor this video is extremely well done and has helped my classmates and myself a TON. We are working on a project at the moment for a power board and are using your BLDC motor design in SPICE. We are wanting to change some of the logic and components in your model, but the only way we have found to do that is by actually editing the netlist in the .lib file. Is there any way in LTSpice that you can pull up the model like you have at 24:43 from the .lib file? Or would we have to make edits directly in the .lib file to add/change parts of the sub components. Thank you so much for the help you are absolutely amazing!
Hello, thanks for your kind comment. Modifying the .lib file is painful. I use graphical design in the developing of the models. I have uploaded all auxiliary files in a new subfolder called "Other," which is accessible at: github.com/marcosalonsoelectronics/LTspice-15-16/tree/main/Other You can use these files to do necessary changes. Thanks!
Great video! Could you please make some video to give some introduction about various COT controls, especially V2 control? COT is very popular in AI datacenter multiphase applications now.
Thanks for this interesting suggestion
Good morning Professor Alonso. Thank you so much for another great video. Your videos are valuable to us.
Thank you!
Professor, thank you so much for the useful video. But I have one question. Adding an damping resistor to the input filter introduces additional losses and volume to the system. Is there any use like this in actual applications? Would reducing loop gain be a more practical approach? or only for low power application?
Thanks for your question. Note that in Solution 2 the resistor is in series with a capacitor so there is no DC current through it. The losses are really small, only due to the ac component, so we can use a small resistor. I think this is the best solution because you can keep a faster converter response.
Y como puedo hallar la frecuencia de corte superior e inferior de forma experimental haaa
Muy sencillo. Se emplea un generador de funciones para generar una onda senoidal de amplitud fija y frecuencia variable. Por ejemplo, 1 mV de amplitud. Seleccionamos una frecuencia en el rango de frecuencias medias, donde como sabemos la ganancia del amplificador se mantiene constante por un rango amplio de frecuencias. Supongamos que esta ganancia es 20 dB. La tensión de salida en este rango de frecuencias medias sería 10 mV. Las frecuencias de corte se producen cuando la ganacia disminuye 3 dB (suponiendo polos simples). Esto equivale a dividir la amplitud entre sqrt(2)= 1.414. Entonces vamos subiendo la frecuencia de la señal de entrada hasta que veamos en el osciloscopio una amplitud en la salida igual a 10 mV/sqrt(2) = 7.07 mV. A esta frecuencia estaría la frecuencia de corte superior. Haríamos lo mismo bajando la frecuencia hasta ver que la amplitud es de 7.07 mV y a esa frecuencia estaría la frecuencia de corte inferior. Muchas gracias por la pregunta y por visitar el canal.
Thank you for the great video. I have a question about the PFC converter. If an inductive load, such as R + sL instead of a purely resistive R, is connected on the load side, should we use a small-signal analysis to determine if the system is stable?
Thanks for your comment. Yes, of course. You have to include the inductor at the output in the small-signal model to study the dynamic behavior
Simulation files are available here: github.com/marcosalonsoelectronics/PE-74
Profesor a salvado mí cuatrimestre de digitales
Me alegro mucho. Gracias por el comentario
It's very interesting topic
Yes, indeed. Thanks for your comment
Very nice video on switched capacitor converters! Thx!👍
Thank you!
Great video. Thank you!
Thanks!
Que excelente série.
Muchas gracias. Me alegro de que sea útil
This video is very helpful for my work. Thanks a lot for helping us.
Thanks!
Hi Sir i got this error voltage source E... is shorted
Hello, please, be more specific. In which circuit you got this error? You can provide the time as mm:ss of the video
@@MarcosAlonsoElectronics i solved the probleme (it was sub file) i am designin isolated full bridge dc-dc converter 30kw
Thank you so much. Your videos are really helpful.
Thanks for your comment!
thanks a lot sir . I learned how to implement the circuits in the playlist but the control system behind all of these was little confusing .how did you learn in your early stages sir?
Hello, here you have a couple of good books: R. W. Erickson, D. Maksimovic; Fundamentals of Power Electronics. 2nd Edition, Springer, 2001 M.K. Kazimierczuk; Pulse-width Modulated DC-DC Power Converters, Wiley, 2008.
Sir, At 16:04, the examples are made by you or they are available somewhere by default. Can you kindly let me know the location where I can get them. Thanks for educating us. Best Regards, Sanjay
Hello, thanks for your comment. I have uploaded the files to the GitHub site: github.com/marcosalonsoelectronics/DE-7
All files are available here: github.com/marcosalonsoelectronics/PE-73
Good morning Professor Alonso. Thank you so much for another great video.
Thanks!
Great! Prof., what about motor modeling and control in qspice? Would be interesting with c block available.
Thank you for the suggestion
Simulation files are available here: github.com/marcosalonsoelectronics/LTspice-7
hello professor, excuse me the part of education, BUCK CL did not put on site, is not it?
Hello, the simulation files are available here: github.com/marcosalonsoelectronics/LTspice-7
Sir, Thanks for your videos. We are grateful to you. I have a query.. Is there difference in Sampling block and ZOH block. Regards
Hello, thanks for your comment Yes, the sampling block generates a discrete signal from an analog signal. The ZOH block does the reverse function: it generates an analog signal from a discrete signal
@@MarcosAlonsoElectronics Thanks Sir
what is the meaning of .options reltol=0.01 at top of the converter? for what do you use it?
reltol is an LTspice internal parameter related to the relative error tolerance. The lower the value the more accurate the simulation results, but it will need more time to simulate. The default value is 1e-3
@@MarcosAlonsoElectronics thank you, it is needed to put on simulation? why did you use it?
@@sabersaberi-r9s I use it to speed up the simulation in some cases. The default value is 1m. I sometimes use 10m to make the simulation faster but keeping good accuracy
Hello Professor, i have a one question, which type is this pwm controller? 2 or 3
Hello, I suppose you mean the type of compensator shown in the video. It is a type 2 (PI) compensator. You can watch this video to know more: ua-cam.com/video/L3PUht2847g/v-deo.html
All files are available here: github.com/marcosalonsoelectronics/PE-72
Thank you very much ! Did you plan a video with the commande circuit too. How to supply it ? Then how to do it without preset ship and only with basic componants
Thanks for the suggestions. I will consider for a future video Video LTspice #29 shows how to make the ton controller
Hi sir if you have access of 2024 APEC seminar by Fred C Lee on "three decades progress on current mode control " that is very good but unfortunately there is not lot of descriptions given in the presentation..if you could make video on that presentation using Qspice or LTspice that will be really great
Thanks, I will try to get the document and see if I can do something
@@MarcosAlonsoElectronics small correction...this APEC document is from 2017 APEC and title is "Review of Current Model Control Modelling - 3 Decades of Progress" by Dr Fred C Lee , Virginia Tech In case you don't get the document please let me know,I have a hardcopy I can scan and send it to you
Please, send the document to me and I will try to prepare something about it, thanks
@@MarcosAlonsoElectronics could you please share your email ID