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Tamil Nadu is a state in the southern part of India, known for its rich history, cultural heritage, and natural beauty. Below is a detailed overview of Tamil Nadu:
General Information
Capital: Chennai
Official Language: Tamil (one of the oldest living languages in the world)
Area: 130,058 square kilometers
Population: Over 72 million (as per 2011 Census; estimated higher now)
Borders: Karnataka to the northwest, Andhra Pradesh to the north, Kerala to the west, and the Indian Ocean to the south and east.
Geography
Coastline: Tamil Nadu has a coastline of about 1,076 kilometers, along the Bay of Bengal.
Major Rivers: Cauvery, Vaigai, Thamirabarani, and Palar.
Hill Stations: Ooty, Kodaikanal, Yercaud, Coonoor.
National Parks: Mudumalai, Guindy, Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park.
Economy
Key Industries:
IT and Software Services (Chennai is a major IT hub)
Automobiles and Engineering (Known as the "Detroit of Asia")
Textile and Handlooms (Coimbatore is a textile hub)
Agriculture (Rice, sugarcane, bananas, and coconuts are major crops)
Tourism and Film Industry (Kollywood, Tamil Nadu's film industry, is highly influential).
Special Economic Zones (SEZs): Tamil Nadu has several SEZs in industries like electronics, textiles, and automobiles.
Culture and Heritage
Temples: Famous for Dravidian-style temple architecture, including the Meenakshi Temple (Madurai), Brihadeeswarar Temple (Thanjavur), and Shore Temple (Mahabalipuram).
Dance and Music:
Bharatanatyam is the classical dance form of Tamil Nadu.
Carnatic music is a significant part of Tamil culture.
Festivals: Pongal, Tamil New Year (Puthandu), Karthigai Deepam, and Navratri are celebrated with grandeur.
Cuisine: Known for its spicy and flavorful dishes like dosa, idli, sambhar, rasam, and Chettinad cuisine.
Education and Innovation
Home to prestigious institutions like the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT Madras), Anna University, and many medical and arts colleges.
Tamil Nadu boasts a high literacy rate and is a leader in medical and engineering education.
Tourism
Hill Stations: Ooty, Kodaikanal, Yelagiri.
Beaches: Marina Beach, Mahabalipuram, Rameswaram.
UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Mahabalipuram monuments, Brihadeeswarar Temple.
Government and Politics
Chief Minister: M.K. Stalin (as of 2024).
Governor: R.N. Ravi.
Administrative Divisions: 38 districts.
Unique Facts
Tamil Nadu has the highest number of operational windmills in India.
Known as the “Land of Temples,” it has over 33,000 ancient temples.
The Tamil language is recognized as a classical language by UNESCO for its antiquity.
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