The Mathemagicians' Guild
The Mathemagicians' Guild
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Polar Coordinates - Complex Analysis #3
In the 3rd complex analysis video I would like to introduce the polar form of a complex number. It may seem a little odd to bring this in so early in the series, but I think it will help me greatly when I cover multiplication and division. Multiplying functions is easier to comprehend geometrically if you think in polar coordinates.
Secondly we take quick look at Euler's identity. You don't really need to understand how it is derived just yet, because we will cover the exponential function in a later video. However I feel that the exponential form needs a little explaining, otherwise it would seem to come out of nowhere.
Lastly, we develop our visualization tools a little by looking making enhanced phase portraits. We can add contour lines for locations of equal magnitude and argument. Take the time to practice reading the cosine phase portrait with different constants added to it. 2D phase portraits are quite a useful way to visualise and understand complex functions. (The promised video of extra phase portraits is coming soon)
In this video:
00:00 Introduction
00:46 Polar Coordinates
03:10 How to represent the polar form.
04:56 Radians (a recap)
06:39 Examples
08:00 Euler's Identity
10:47 Enhanced Phase Portraits
14:52 3D Phase Portraits.
In this series:
1 - ua-cam.com/video/jU7QW6AjUf4/v-deo.html Introduction to Complex Numbers.
2 - ua-cam.com/video/nT3WYFxvPLk/v-deo.html Adding and Subtracting Complex Numbers
3 - ua-cam.com/video/O3aJCGbyfR8/v-deo.html Polar Coordinates of Complex Numbers
4 - [Coming Soon] Multiplication of Complex Numbers and Functions
5 - [Coming Soon] Division of Complex Numbers and Functions
6 - [Coming Soon] Complex Differentiation and Analytic Functions
Extra Visuals (No Commentary):
1 - ua-cam.com/video/3qEJeP6qQGA/v-deo.html Trigonometric Functions Visualised (3D)
2 - [Coming Soon] Phase Portraits of Trigonometric Functions
Переглядів: 6 278

Відео

[Visual] Modular Form - Level 1 Weight 12 (Ramanujan Delta Function)
Переглядів 10 тис.3 роки тому
This is a mathematical object known as a "Modular Form" visualised in 3 dimensions. Modular Forms are an area of mathematical theory that extends from complex analysis, but they are of particular interest to mathematicians studying number theory. Famously, their relation to elliptic curves was used to prove Fermat's Last Theorem (358 years after it was proposed) . This video is a collaboration ...
[Visual] The Riemann Zeta Function Visualised
Переглядів 34 тис.3 роки тому
Three different visuals exploring the Riemann Zeta function (without commentary). The 3rd visual shows shows a large part of the critical strip. These visuals are "3D phase portraits" or "modular surfaces" (not to be confused with modular functions or forms). The input is the complex plane, shown as the silver base plate. The output is the surface. The height of the surface is the absolute valu...
[Visual] Complex Trigonometric Functions Visualised
Переглядів 6 тис.4 роки тому
In this extra video I have rendered 3D Phase Portraits (Modular Surfaces) of all six trigonometric functions: sin, cos, tan, sec, cosec & cot. Presented without any commentary, if you would like further explanation of these graphics, please see the 1st video in my Complex Analysis series. ua-cam.com/video/jU7QW6AjUf4/v-deo.html The input to each plot is a complex number, as shown on the base pl...
Addition and Subtraction of Complex Numbers - Complex Analysis #2
Переглядів 7 тис.4 роки тому
Addition and subtraction represent translations on the complex plane. In this video we first go through the basics of adding subtracting complex numbers. A process that works as you would expect if you treat "i" as a simple constant. Then we start investigating adding simple constants to some functions. In the process we discover learn more about reading phase portraits and 3D modular surfaces....
Introduction to Complex Numbers - Complex Analysis #1
Переглядів 17 тис.4 роки тому
Introducing the complex numbers and complex analysis. This is the first video in a series covering the topic of complex analysis. We begin by introducing a complex number. Then we investigate the effects of multiplying any number by the imaginary number i. Finally, we take a look at some of the visualisation tools that we will use in later videos; phase portraits and modular surfaces. Please su...
Number Sequences in the Mandelbrot Set
Переглядів 43 тис.4 роки тому
Welcome to part 4 of our little Mandelbrot Explained series. In this video we explore the bulbs around the main cardioid, and find that they contain number sequences such as the natural numbers, Fibonacci sequence, and the rational numbers. We then investigate them in terms of their Julia Sets to try and understand visually why they are there. Finally, we look at precisely where the bulbs are a...
[Extra Visual] Period 6 orbits of a Julia Set
Переглядів 1,8 тис.4 роки тому
This visual show all the orbits over a Julia Set. The location of c for this Juliet is within the period 6 bulb of the Mandelbrot, and you will notice the orbits settle down to a period 6 pattern. (These are the orbits of the Julia Set, not the Mandelbrot). In this series: 1 - ua-cam.com/video/7MotVcGvFMg/v-deo.html The Mandelbrot Set Explained 2 - ua-cam.com/video/dctJ7ISkU-4/v-deo.html Julia ...
[Extra Visual] Period 5 orbits of a Julia Set
Переглядів 1,1 тис.4 роки тому
This visual show all the orbits over a Julia Set. The location of c for this Juliet is within the period 5 bulb of the Mandelbrot, and you will notice the orbits settle down to a period 5 pattern. (These are the orbits of the Julia Set, not the Mandelbrot). In this series: 1 - ua-cam.com/video/7MotVcGvFMg/v-deo.html The Mandelbrot Set Explained 2 - ua-cam.com/video/dctJ7ISkU-4/v-deo.html Julia ...
[Extra Visual] Period 4 orbits of a Julia Set
Переглядів 1,1 тис.4 роки тому
This visual show all the orbits over a Julia Set. The location of c for this Juliet is within the period 4 bulb of the Mandelbrot, and you will notice the orbits settle down to a period 4 pattern. (These are the orbits of the Julia Set, not the Mandelbrot). In this series: 1 - ua-cam.com/video/7MotVcGvFMg/v-deo.html The Mandelbrot Set Explained 2 - ua-cam.com/video/dctJ7ISkU-4/v-deo.html Julia ...
[Extra Visual] Period 3 orbits of a Julia Set
Переглядів 1,1 тис.4 роки тому
This visual show all the orbits over a Julia Set. The location of c for this Juliet is within the period 3 bulb of the Mandelbrot, and you will notice the orbits settle down to a period 3 pattern. (These are the orbits of the Julia Set, not the Mandelbrot). In this series: 1 - ua-cam.com/video/7MotVcGvFMg/v-deo.html The Mandelbrot Set Explained 2 - ua-cam.com/video/dctJ7ISkU-4/v-deo.html Julia ...
[Extra Visual] Period 2 orbits of a Julia Set
Переглядів 1,7 тис.4 роки тому
This visual show all the orbits over a Julia Set. The location of c for this Juliet is within the period 2 circle of the Mandelbrot, and you will notice the orbits settle down to a period 2 pattern. (These are the orbits of the Julia Set, not the Mandelbrot). In this series: 1 - ua-cam.com/video/7MotVcGvFMg/v-deo.html The Mandelbrot Set Explained 2 - ua-cam.com/video/dctJ7ISkU-4/v-deo.html Juli...
[Extra Visual] Building a Mandelbrot Set Step-by-step
Переглядів 12 тис.4 роки тому
This visual relates to the "How to Build a Julia Set" video. ua-cam.com/video/5T0cC6KRezo/v-deo.html It shows the Mandelbrot forming one iteration at a time. The shape converges on the Mandelbrot Set. The shape at each iteration relates how you normally see the Mandelbrot coloured. Unlike the Julia Sets, this has little meaning as a series of transformations. Take a look at where the "8-way cro...
[Extra Visual] All Period 2 orbits of the Mandelbrot Set
Переглядів 3,7 тис.4 роки тому
This visual shows a series of balls located within the period 2 circle of the Mandelbrot Set. This is the area where the orbit have a period of 2. Each iteration, all these orbits bounce between 2 periodic points. This is an extra visual for the Mandelbrot Explained series of videos. If you'd like to understand what is happening a little better, please check out the related series of videos. I'...
[Extra Visual] All Period 1 orbits of the Mandelbrot Set shown together.
Переглядів 4,4 тис.4 роки тому
This visual shows a series of balls located within the main cardioid of the Mandelbrot Set. This is the area where the orbit have a period of 1. All these orbits approach a single attractive fixed point. This animation follows each orbit over 50,000 iterations to see where they finish, each near their own attractive fixed point. You'll notice that 1 or 2 of these orbits don't have time to settl...
[Extra Visual] All orbits of the Mandelbrot Set shown together.
Переглядів 12 тис.4 роки тому
[Extra Visual] All orbits of the Mandelbrot Set shown together.
How to Build a Julia Set
Переглядів 62 тис.4 роки тому
How to Build a Julia Set
Julia Sets, and how they relate to The Mandelbrot Set
Переглядів 153 тис.4 роки тому
Julia Sets, and how they relate to The Mandelbrot Set
The Mandelbrot Set Explained
Переглядів 199 тис.4 роки тому
The Mandelbrot Set Explained

КОМЕНТАРІ

  • @roy04
    @roy04 День тому

    What took me two days and 100 pages of reading chaotic dynamical systems, you managed to explain it beautifully in just twenty minutes

  • @stuff3219
    @stuff3219 3 дні тому

    I always think it's better to simply discuss 2D vectors with the add and multiply rule (adding angles) first. Then we can clearly see why the horizonal axis is equivalent to the real number line. Then we define "i" to be the 90 degree vector. Starting with i = sqrt(-1) is backwards, from the point of view of understanding what is going on!!! For example at 5:30 you say "it is useful to think of i as a 90 degree rotation..." but it would be better to talk about rotations first, then define i as the 90 rotation. Then the whole thing is clear to everybody.

  • @mr.theking2484
    @mr.theking2484 6 днів тому

    If you consider all values of Z and C as part of a single set, you would get a 4d fractal where any given 2d plane made of the 8 cardinal directions of 4d space is either the mandelbrot set itself, or one of it's infinitely many julia sets

  • @TheGamingG810
    @TheGamingG810 6 днів тому

    Now this is what gen alpha should be watching every day instead of skibidi toilet

  • @Seelensocke
    @Seelensocke 7 днів тому

    Okay, so this video has single-handedly enabled me to understand this topic to a degree where I can look at different points within the Mandelbrot set and go "Oh, so THAT'S why it looks like this". And also how this set even came to be in the first place. But I have only one question: why? As in: Why DO we even calculate Z = Z² + C? Like, how did anyone even come up with this equation? Why does it exist? I now know the how, I just don't understand the why.

  • @Seelensocke
    @Seelensocke 7 днів тому

    So Benoit Mandelbrot is responsible for my inability to find recipes for almond bread.

  • @nrich99999
    @nrich99999 9 днів тому

    Very precise explanation and good visuals. I watched until the end. 👍 However, your voice could do with a little pzazz. 🙄

  • @TheGamingG810
    @TheGamingG810 10 днів тому

    Seriously underrated, this deserves more than 200k views Edit: I didn't realize you were a Maths Town alt for a few years

  • @SuperJ-qb4wv
    @SuperJ-qb4wv 11 днів тому

    Phenominal resolution when zooming into the sets, a trance.

  • @hulick6910
    @hulick6910 14 днів тому

    Julia sets can be created using other fractals like the Burning Ship, Perpendicular Burning Ship, Perpendicular Mandelbrot Set, and Tricorn.

  • @abundantharmony
    @abundantharmony 28 днів тому

    This is the Mandelbrot video ever!

  • @山山-y4q
    @山山-y4q Місяць тому

    e^π +ie^πi +je^πj +ke^πk +le^πl =MC ^2 e^πi-1=0 jkl=0 Quarternion Octonion Principle of the constancy of the speed of light Law of conservation of energy Law of conservation of momentum ζ(s),η(s),Γ(s) The infinite sum of natural numbers is ∞, -1/12 Differential calculus, integral calculus

  • @山山-y4q
    @山山-y4q Місяць тому

    e^π +ie^πi +je^πj +ke^πk +le^πl =MC ^2 e^πi-1=0 jkl=0 Quarternion Octonion Principle of the constancy of the speed of light Law of conservation of energy Law of conservation of momentum ζ(s),η(s),Γ(s) The infinite sum of natural numbers is ∞, -1/12 Differential calculus, integral calculus

  • @d69p-eix
    @d69p-eix Місяць тому

    This is more beautiful... e^ix = sum of the series 1 * ix/1 * ix/2 * ix/3.... where ix is radians as a complex number, which calculates cos + i sin simultaneously

  • @山山-y4q
    @山山-y4q Місяць тому

    Riemann Hypothesis tan(1/2±i) ⇔ tan(π/2) 1⇔π Euclidean geometry sin(0), sin(π/2), cos(0) cos(π/2), tan(π/2)=±∞ Lorenz transformation 1⇔π Non-evident zero point, Self-evident zero points. Unified field theory

  • @scrattyrat
    @scrattyrat Місяць тому

    Incredible visualisations! I can't begin to think how you programmed that in blender based off the maths, I have been trying to visualise modular forms in Touchdesigner and its extremely challenging. Very impressive stuff 👍

  • @DanielC618
    @DanielC618 Місяць тому

    It's so sad that you stopped making these amazing videos 😢

  • @deleted_handle
    @deleted_handle Місяць тому

    life would be different if I understood what this video means

  • @jpetra1609
    @jpetra1609 2 місяці тому

    WOW 😍

  • @somedude4087
    @somedude4087 2 місяці тому

    this looks like candy

  • @joakimswahn9179
    @joakimswahn9179 2 місяці тому

    This looks like a fractal.

  • @BracaPhoto
    @BracaPhoto 2 місяці тому

    Hmmmm ... cool picture using math - Close to reality, but NOT actually reality Keep trying ! Tnx

  • @raptor29aaa
    @raptor29aaa 2 місяці тому

    At 10:24 the up and down wave made me think of a heartbeat monitor, I know strange.

  • @bigfootpegrande
    @bigfootpegrande 2 місяці тому

    M.I.N.D.B.L.O.W.N.

  • @kahlzun
    @kahlzun 2 місяці тому

    I was wondering what the colours meant

  • @galaxygur
    @galaxygur 3 місяці тому

    00:06:34 - The Mandelbrot set reveals an infinite number of fractions between 0 and 1, each with its own unique bulb. 00:12:01 - Only rational numbers can find a periodic equilibrium in the Julia set, forming the bulbs in the Mandelbrot set.

  • @reginadarlong1219
    @reginadarlong1219 3 місяці тому

    -oC3 Mandelbrot

  • @joy9648
    @joy9648 3 місяці тому

    Hi, thank you so much for this video it was really great :)) Just a question though - what do you mean by some values having period of one / period of two (eg at 12:33)? Thanks!

  • @olas1802
    @olas1802 3 місяці тому

    That criticical strip is pretty sharp.

  • @johneagle4384
    @johneagle4384 3 місяці тому

    Now, I understand how a Mandelbrot Set is generated. Thank you so much. This is very, very, very useful and well-done video.

  • @DannyTobin-b2g
    @DannyTobin-b2g 3 місяці тому

    I have really appreciated this series. Well done!

  • @RipleySawzen
    @RipleySawzen 3 місяці тому

    So correct me if I am wrong, you state that all points within the set are connected. I do also believe that all points outside the set are also connected. Furthermore, if I am correct, there are absolutely no lines within the set. If you zoom in far enough on any part of the set, you WILL get the minibrot shape. Is that correct?

  • @ZihinRose
    @ZihinRose 4 місяці тому

    *ANOTHER SCIENTIFIC PROOF THE TRUTH OF ISLAM* Thank you for your good content. In Islam, this phenomenon is called "AYAATULLAH" or sign of god ALLAH exist who created this universe. There are so many scientific proof of ALLAH exist stated in the Quran Islamic religious document that sent to us through Prophet Muhammad pbuh 1400 years ago. Anyway thank you for creating this scientific fact that is another proof the truth of our religion. Let's go for Islam Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 13 August 2024 ua-cam.com/video/ne0cBBuHJfU/v-deo.htmlsi=HjBGBE3NGi4-LYuA GOLDEN RATIO IS THE SIGN OF GOD ua-cam.com/video/B4OK-Nc7JKo/v-deo.htmlsi=PFsfa5qp-TPzx7Zh

    • @johneagle4384
      @johneagle4384 3 місяці тому

      I see in it a proof that the Easter Bunny exists and is true and truthful. All Hail the Mighty Easter Bunny!!!!

  • @Darrida
    @Darrida 4 місяці тому

    One should know that modular forms graphic is a simplification. The real graphic is in fourth dimension. Si no human being can visualize what it looks like.

  • @zakerysimpson5363
    @zakerysimpson5363 4 місяці тому

    This animation is second to none in expressing how supremely smooth functions are where they're analytic. Brilliant work!

  • @Fraktalist
    @Fraktalist 4 місяці тому

    wow, thank you so much for that video. it answered some of my very old questions about the mandelbrot set! thank you!!!

  • @irshadayoob3720
    @irshadayoob3720 4 місяці тому

    How to make such graph animation? Any softwares?

  • @richtigmann1
    @richtigmann1 4 місяці тому

    Honestly the relationship between the 2 is SO interesting I never knew this!! And the part where the branches can remember where they were at, that is SO COOL as well

  • @trimmim
    @trimmim 4 місяці тому

    insanly good video. tysm

  • @JxH
    @JxH 4 місяці тому

    For the quest, would it help to rotate the thing by 45° clockwise ?

  • @ViolentSillyGirl
    @ViolentSillyGirl 5 місяців тому

    You talked about the boundary of 0.25, -0.75 and -1.25, but what happens in the giant gap from there to the mini mandelbrot at -1.75?

  • @vincenthabay5109
    @vincenthabay5109 5 місяців тому

    this is hands down the most crystal clear explaination i've seen on the subject. When you master a subject and you are still able to enter a novice's shoes to teach him you reach the master Yoda level of pedagogy. thanks for this video

  • @not_estains
    @not_estains 5 місяців тому

    i want it

  • @joshuavogel861
    @joshuavogel861 6 місяців тому

    These are fantastic!

  • @Axl12412
    @Axl12412 6 місяців тому

    ‭Proverbs 14:13 Laughter might hide your sadness. But when the laughter is gone, the sadness remains. ‭Ecclesiastes 7:3 Sorrow is better than laughter; it may sadden your face, but it sharpens your understanding. When you have sorrows be happy because it sharpens your understanding. ‭Ecclesiastes 7:4 Someone who is always thinking about happiness is a fool. A wise person thinks about death. ‭Proverbs 3:7 Do not be wise in your own eyes; fear the Lord and shun evil. Do not be wise in your own mind be humble and think of others as better than yourself. ‭Proverbs 3:7 Don’t trust in your own wisdom, but fear and respect the Lord and stay away from evil. Read the Bible if you want more wisdom.

  • @pvdguitars2951
    @pvdguitars2951 6 місяців тому

    This must be my favorite video on fractals. I found a ‘weird’ butterfly effect for the Vesica Pisces surface area coefficient (=4/6Pi - 0.5xsqrt3). Approximately 1.22836969854889… It would be neat to see its behavior as c in the Mandelbrot iteration

  • @KaliFissure
    @KaliFissure 6 місяців тому

    Surface(cos(u/2)cos(v/2),cos(u/2)sin(v/2),sin(u)/2),u,0,2pi,v,0,4pi Notice that 4 pi are needed to complete the surface. This is a single sided closed surface. The radially symmetric Klein bottle.

  • @user-ds1ly5db
    @user-ds1ly5db 6 місяців тому

    3:10 pause perfect

  • @justjack2131
    @justjack2131 7 місяців тому

    how did you run that mandelbrot simulation at the end of the video?

  • @Sans________________________96
    @Sans________________________96 7 місяців тому

    Julia wiggly zoom: