Transformer losses can be categorized into core losses and copper losses.
Core Losses (Iron Losses): These include hysteresis losses, caused by the magnetization and demagnetization of the core material, and eddy current losses, which are induced currents in the core that generate heat. Core losses depend on the core material and the frequency of the magnetic flux.
Copper Losses: These occur due to the resistance of the transformer windings and are proportional to the square of the load current (I²R losses). They result in the generation of heat in the windings.
Leakage Flux: Not all the magnetic flux generated by the primary winding links with the secondary winding, leading to losses.
Stray Losses: These occur due to leakage flux inducing eddy currents in non-core components like the tank or other structural parts.
Dielectric Losses: These are losses in the insulating material of the transformer, due to the alternating electric field.
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