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Content
In this video we deal with footing and its limitations, and importance of soil test report, for every building foundation is more important, there are two types of foundation, one is shallow foundation and another one is deep foundation,
A shallow foundation is a type of foundation used in construction to support structures where the load is relatively light and the soil conditions are adequate. These foundations are typically placed close to the surface of the ground and are generally used for smaller buildings or structures. The main types of shallow foundations include:
Strip Foundations: These run along the length of a wall and distribute the load evenly along the foundation’s length. They are common for load-bearing walls in residential buildings.
Pad Foundations: These are isolated footings that support individual columns. They are usually square or rectangular and spread the load from the column over a larger area.
Raft Foundations (or Mat Foundations): These cover the entire area of the building’s footprint, distributing the load across a large area. They are used when soil conditions are poor or when the load is spread over a large area.
Slab-on-Grade Foundations: These involve a thick concrete slab that rests directly on the ground. They are often used in areas with mild climates and where the soil conditions are stable.
Shallow foundations are typically used in cases where the bearing capacity of the soil is sufficient at a shallow depth and where the construction does not require deep support. They are cost-effective and simpler to construct compared to deep foundations like piles or caissons. However, their effectiveness depends on proper soil analysis and design to ensure stability and load-bearing capacity.
Deep foundations are used when the surface soil is not strong enough to support the weight of a structure or when the load needs to be transferred to deeper, more stable soil or rock layers. They extend deep into the ground and are employed in situations where shallow foundations are inadequate. The main types of deep foundations include:
Piles:
End-Bearing Piles: These transfer the load to a strong layer of soil or rock at the bottom of the pile. They work like a column, bearing loads through their tips.
Friction Piles: These rely on the friction between the pile surface and the surrounding soil to support the load. They are used when no suitable bearing layer is found at a reasonable depth.
Caissons:
Open Caissons: These are hollow structures sunk into the ground. They are filled with concrete once they reach the desired depth.
Box Caissons: Similar to open caissons but are often used in water or soft ground where the sides of the caisson are enclosed.
Shaft Caissons: These have a solid shaft and are drilled into the ground to reach a stable layer.
Drilled Shafts (or Auger Cast Piles):
These are formed by drilling a hole into the ground and then filling it with concrete. They can be used to reach a stable layer deep below the surface.
Pier Foundations:
These are similar to piles but are generally larger in diameter and used for transferring loads to a deep, stable layer.
Bored Piles:
These are created by boring a hole into the ground and then filling it with concrete or another reinforcing material. They are often used in areas with difficult soil conditions.
Micropiles:
These are small-diameter piles used for situations where space is limited or where high load capacities are required in challenging soil conditions.
Deep foundations are essential in construction projects where shallow foundations are not feasible due to weak or unstable surface soils, high loads, or environmental conditions.
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For credits
Accralate - The Dark Contenent by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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