NASA Built Two Versions of the Apollo Command Module
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- Опубліковано 22 вер 2020
- My companion article, which also has a full source list, is over on my blog at Medium: medium.com/@AmyShiraTeitel/wh...
(My blogs are edited versions of my video scripts; I write differently for spoken text than articles meant to be read!)
Apollo Pilot: www.amazon.com/gp/product/080...
Breaking the Chains of Gravity: www.amazon.com/Breaking-Chain...
Fighting for Space: www.amazon.com/Fighting-Space...
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Music: Brittle Rille by Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 4.0 License
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Dress: Vixen by Micheline Pitt. Not sponsored or anything, I just love her and her company values and want to shout out an incredible brand! I understand everyone's situation is different, so if you can, #dontshopfastfashion
Gus Grissom was so dissatisfied with the block 1 craft he hung a lemon on the simulator. He was an engineer so it must have been very frustrating for him.
“Jesus Christ, how are we going to get to the Moon if we can't talk between two or three buildings?" Gus Grissom under an hour before he died.
(((They))) murdered him
Yeah, and they jokingly prayed in front of an Apollo 1 model. Tragic loss... but we'd have never reached the moon if Frank Borman hadn't taken the lead in the investigation and correction of the entire program.
That comment by Grissom was actually about one minute before the fire broke out.
It took months before NASA would even call Apollo 1 "Apollo 1" it was just Apollo-Saturn 204. The wives and crews had to fight hard to get that.
Yeah that always confused me. Clearly the crew referred to AS-204 as Apollo 1 as proven by their crew patch on their suits. I guess it is like SpaceX referring to the demo-2 spacecraft as Crew Dragon while the astronauts called their ship Endeavor.
Wow. You filled a lot of holes in the Apollo history that you don’t normally here about. Very educational. So much info I’m gonna have to watch it a couple of times. Excellent video!
Here?
That's not the only thing she filled out ;)
@@hairoftehdog Hubba hubba!
I'm gonna watch them again as well.
She really does a freaking good job. Interesting and enlightening. After a few years of watching this channel, I kind of don't expect any less.
Lord I hope NASA and/or SpaceX are using you as a consultant!
I'm getting too old I still can't wrap my head around things that I grew up with being retro LOL
I was born in the eighties and that's 'retro' now as well ???
@@qetoun yup haha
I remember my 1st __LED__ watch. :)
Agent 1110 me too. It didn’t work very well. Actually I got it as a Christmas present I don’t think it made it to New a Year.
I was born in the 70s and now all my computers from then through the 80s and even 90s are "retro". Sigh, kids these days eh?
24:21. Jesus, you described apollo 1 to a T. Rest in peace, Gus grissom, ed white, Roger Chaffee. My dad worked as a electronics engineer for Rockwell Collins, the company that designed the voice and telemetry radios for the Apollo space program. That accident bothered him for years. He thought it was crazy to have a pure oxygen enviroment in such a small space with so much electronic equipment.
Gus knew it too because he hung a lemon on the simulator (later edit), but was made to remove it.
The Apollo 1 crew gave a photo to Joe Shea, the Apollo program manager in Houston. The photo showed them putting their hands in prayer with the caption "It isn't that we don't trust you, Joe, but this time we've decided to go over your head". The program was so far behind that NASA and the contractors had to push hard to meet deadlines, and that inevitably meant cutting corners.
My dad also worked at Rockwell Collins, in Cedar Rapids. Test equipment lab. Not the Collins road address, but down at Main Plant on 35th St. I belive he would have been there at about that time, but I don't think he did anything with NASA till the shuttle era.
@@cdmccul A quibble, Rockwell didn't acquire Collins Radio until about 1973. My dad also worked at Collins in Cedar Rapids during that time, albeit not directly on Apollo.
When Rockwell bought the company, Arthur Collins moved to Dallas. Part of the deal was he could bring along a dozen engineers of his choice. My dad was in that group. He said they were working on some interesting things. But, eventually, they figured out that Arthur had lost the drive to turn any of it into actual shipping products. They all ended up moving on over the next several years.
@@MightyDrakeC I wasn't aware of the dates of the purchase by Rockwell, just saw it mentioned. Sorry your dad went down there only to have Mr. Collins lose that drive. (Edit: clarified wording)
Your videos have really evolved, and the entire production is world class.
Thank You for all your hard work 👍
As a former technician with a NASA contractor that supplied spares in support of the lunar modules I very much appreciate your bringing the program back to life. My fondest memory is that the contract was "cost plus" meaning we worked until physically and mentally impossible to go on, "partied" ourselves to sleep (rarely at home) and then did it all over again. It was an amazing effort.
Yes, Cost Plus Fixed Fee. How that compared to Cost Plus Incentive Fee is a completely different issue. :)
You must of had contact with Grumman Lunar Module program Engineer Thomas J Kelly. His book about the LEM is very informative. A must read!
Cost Plus contract. That explains why I was hired by North American Aviation to work on the Apollo project engineering and and they didn’t give me anything to do. I quit after a couple of years to work in the commercial field.
Had grown up during this era. Graduated high school in 1963. Was somewhat familiar with the Apollo program, but your video explained many things of which I was not aware. Thanks!
Thank you for a very informative video. I was 11 when the Apollo 1 spacecraft burned... for some reason even after all these years I can tear up when I think about the horror those three men must have suffered... I believe it was Walter Schirra that said we may have never landed on the moon on time if that fire hadn't happened... An amazing paradox... Anyway thank you again for a great video
Your videos are amazing. They're always full of interesting little details I never knew about. I appreciate the all the work you must be putting in researching all this!
YAY, Another awesome and informative video from everyone's favourite space nerd, the Amazing Amy.
@JohnjacobsJHS
Nope. Just someone who shares the same passion for spaceflight, that's all. Wish I did know her. I could talk with her for hours.
@JohnjacobsJHS it's only boring if you lack imagination.
To me, Apollo was my childhood. To you, it must be granddad's dusty antiques.
To me, it was my dad's childhood, and the moon landing was only 8 years before I was born. As a kid, I was constantly waiting for the announcement of the next manned mission landing.
I'm still waiting.
Not dusty antiques, but prized family heirlooms, and a vision of things to come once more
In elementary school the whole class would gather around a TV to watch almost every launch. We were mesmerized. I was 10 when Apollo 1 disaster happened.
@@doggonemess1 The FIRST Moon landing. There are people out there who have drunk heavily from the spring of conspiracy insanity who will be confused by the singular reference to landing on the Moon! We can blame Bill Kaysing, the Rockedyne librarian who boiled his brains in California Natural hot springs for that (And Howard Zinn, too, for popularizing the idea that nothing good can come out of America).
I was two when the Apollo program ended. I read all about it in the school library, watched docos, was really excited when the space shuttle was launched. I’m now fifty and really disappointed that we’ve never been back or looked elsewhere.
I've been a NASA/Apollo junkie for 40+ years, and I've heard most parts of this story here and there, but never all at once and with such detail.
I was a teen...space-buff during Gemini & Apollo. Still have my scrapbooks from the 60's.
It was an amazing time. (In 61' , I was in the 1st grade.
In class, we watched Alan Sheperd launch in his Mercury/Redstone rocket. It almost looked like sci-fi.
Uplifting video. Obvious how to cleave to the information and keep abreast of this interesting topic. Quite revealing.
This is the most extensive video I have seen on Apollo 1, and great background details. Thank you.
I haven't watched Vintage Space in a while, and I had forgotten how good the videos can be!
"Why build just one when you can have two at twice the price?"
Thrashbarg One of my favorite lines of all moviedom.
Another great line… Well, don’t you worry, honey, if they could get a washing machine to fly, my Jimmy could land it.
First rule in government spending
"I mean, it's not like we're going to lose three astronauts in the process...right?"
yep great line ...but technically if u have made one the second one can be a bit cheaper to make
Great episode! Looking forward one day to some explanation / episode for the fuel cells and how they made their power. Keep up the good work miss!
Really good video, Amy, I love the amount of information you pack in. Thanks, and keep 'em coming!
I love the way you present your show. Your cadence quickly lays out facts and figures without becoming dry. Quite a historian too.
I try to catch every episode and absorb it all.... despite the aesthetic distractions!😃
I came for the aesthetic but got absorbed by the stories and events.
Regards from a Tom :)
Amy, I grew up in this era, and lived it all as a kid, it was my passion (Watched everything live, even scrubbed launches, which would get extensive coverage. Poured through those NASA followup mission documents that recapped detailed even every velco failure) So appreciative of your detail as a historian on all of this... Stuff I did not know!
My sympathetic parents allowed me to stay home "sick" for all launches, starting with Alan Shepard and "Freedom 7".
This is probably one of the best, most informative videos on the Apollo program I have seen. Well done ms. Teitel!!
It’s so amazing the twisted sort of way engineering, and politics and administration can steer decisions a program this complicated.
I don’t think is was all that much different for the shuttle program. At least with the deadline pressures for sure.
It would be so easy to forget these monumental steps that advanced America into space exploration. Thank you Amy for your commitment to preserving this information for us!
The horrific part was when Amy says contaminants in their oxygen supply was what killed them. Not the fire itself. I've always found a crumb of comfort in thinking they died quickly.
Read the autopsy report mate, 2 of them had gotten off their harnesses and tried to open the hatch despite the internal pressure making this a loosing battle, the only one found in the seat was there only be aise he was following procedure of calling out the alarm. All three died of asphyxiation due to smoke inhalation and most of the burn (not all) were largely post mortem.
I worked at the Roger B. Chaffee Planetarium while in high school. We had many of the original investigation documents of the fire in archives that I read carefully. It was a gruesome thing. Pressurized pure oxygen fires burn very hot. However, after the pressure burst the inner cabin wall on the right-hand side at after approximately thirty seconds of being fed by a cabin atmosphere of pure oxygen the now fed by outside atmospheric nitrogen-buffered ambient air, the fire decreased in intensity and started producing large amounts of smoke that killed the astronauts. They lost consciousness because of a lack of oxygen which sent them into cardiac arrest. They died from asphyxia due to the toxic gases from the fire and burns contributing to their death. Roger Chaffee's couch was found in the horizontal position, with the lower portion angled towards the floor. His helmet was closed and locked, his restraints were undone, and the hoses and electrical connections to the suit remained connected. As he was farthest from the origin of the fire, he suffered the least burn and suit damage.
@@TheAshwinShukla Yes, I knew they did not die quickly. I read somewhere their telemetry and radio didn't fail for a while, so the the ground crew could hear them.
It was just hearing her say it made me think of it again.
I admit my original comment was not well phrased.
@@WWeronko A horrible way to die.
@@WWeronko Thanks for that. Nobody really talks about the mechanism of the fire burn under pure oxygen versus the fire after the pressure vessel ruptured.
I just found your channel today and this is the 6th or 7th video I have watched/listened to while working. You are very knowledgable and present the material very well. Thank you for doing these videos.
HBO ran a series called "From The Earth To The Moon" chronicling the Apollo program. A lot of what you covered gives added context and fills in some important details that the series left out in particular the episodes called "Spider" and "Apollo One". Its still a great series and a great introduction into the events of the space race.
I totally love your channel, and it is so refreshing to see a young ("non-vintage") individual with such interest and knowledge. Thank you for the great content! LJ (your "vintage" friend...)
Absolutely fascinating, Amy! The depth into which you go while maintaining accessibility is unparalleled.
Being a nerd, I knew *of* many of the things in this video (but definitely not in near the amazing detail as you laid out). But the thing that I had NO idea about and really surprised me is the "dual gas/bleed-out" system. That's fascinating!
It sort of grew out of the system used in the X-15 and some other high altitude rocket plane programs. On the X-15, the pilot was breathing pure oxygen in the pressure suit while nitrogen was used in the cabin to mitigate the fire danger, partly because the X-15 had the pilot sitting just in front of the fuel tanks.
In orbit, pure oxygen at 5 psi doesn't cause fire to burn much faster than oxygen/nitrogen at sea level pressure. Plus convection acts a little differently in zero gee.
Its in starship
I had no idea that there were 2 versions of the command module. If they had waited for the block 2 to be ready, then White, Chaffee, and Grissom would still be alive.
Who knows. Maybe Block 2 would have had other issues. As mentioned a lot of the disaster was attributed to miscommunications and not implementing of changes to the vehicle. Also the fire wouldn't have happened, or wouldn't have been nearly as bad if they had used the mixed nitrogen/oxygen atmosphere as was used during the launch of later CMs. This still leaves the deathtrap of a hatch of course, and that might have still been disastrous. But as always: hindsight is 20-20, so it's easy to say today how it should have been.
As a kid getting drawings and punch out paper models in the mail, I was confused by the different versions of the LM, Capsule and SM of what they sent me 1967 to 1970. The LM prototypes were very visually different from what they sent.
I figured that it was the events that occurred with Apollo 1 that caused the two different designs and not the block versioning that contributed to the fire. This was a very excellent video I learned a lot from it. I would be so great to just sit down with you and geek out about the space program up to the end of the Apollo and Skylab. Keep up the great work
Your content is amazing! So much information and it's great to see someone excited to share it. Thank you!
Amy, glad to see you doing more videos. I have missed you. You are one of the first you tubers I began watching. Was a kid durning the Apollo era and it was so exciting.
Amy is legend
Love the dress Amy!
@@ryanschweikhardt She chose the dress and advertised the designer in her comments. The comment isn't inappropriate.
Bewbz
Came to say the same. Lol
@@beamspickett weiner
oh yea...uh the dress!!! yea that's it the dress...love it too!!!
Thanks for a great video, keep em coming! Well done ,clear and concise ,with so much too convey .
impressive work, so much detail.and straight to the point! congratulations
North American: "We had a deal! You said we'd build the command module for Direct Ascent."
NASA: "I have altered the deal. Pray that I don't alter it further..."
Perfect! Couldn't describe government contracts better!
From my favorite movie.
Chuckling out loud.
"Direct Ascent?" John Houbolt enters the chat.
@@mikejhorn private contracts get even better because both sides have lawyers
I know the history already, but you presented that very well. Did pick up a few things I didn't know. I didn't make the connection to Saturn being a follow on to the Jupiter rockets, hence the name. I knew the early capsules were different than the later ones, but I didn't realize they were blocks being developed simultaneously, and the reason for this. Really well done, thanks for making it.
Wow, this was a really great video like you hadn't put up in a long while. Very informative, lots of things I didn't know. Awesome!!
Well done Amy! This is one of your best videos ever. Thank you for the detailed information.
Amy Rocking the Vintage Holloween Dress!
Very cute!
Amazing. You filled some details that were always not clear to me about Apollo, like regarding the oxygen pressure or how they went through the mode decision changes. Great job!
Another high-quality, informative video. Well done!
Total awesomeness, Amy! Really thorough, and really a well-told story of the chain of events.
The Apollo hatch re-design, probably a most fascinating story of those that designed and built it. Story is there, I'm imagine a two hour youtube video with interviews of the engineers and the machinists involved. Engineers that argued during all-nighters, machinists doing their damndest to not screw up a fabrication or assembly.
Interesting mention of the book "Apollo Pilot." Michael Collins in his 1974 book "Carrying the Fire" summarized various astronauts and wrote of Donn Eisele, "Eisele who? Lost in the shadows of Wally Schirra's fame."
Amy the bringer of my daily dose of awesome
This is your best video yet Amy.
So much back story that I never knew. Thank you so much.
Amazing channel. Thanks for the amazing presentations of space exploration history.
I like the KSP music you’re using ;)
A man of culture, I see
I want to see Radio Corporation of America's bid for the Program so badly where can I find it?
This was so entertaining and educational. One of your best so far! Thank you. Oh to be a fly on the wall during any of the nasa meetings mentioned! Wish there were recordings of them!
Amy your love and knowledge of space and aviation related topics is AWESOME! YOU are awesome! I love your enthusiasm.
Great video.
13:45 -- uh... Found it interesting that RCA got a bid request. Not surprised that didn't submit a bid. :)
36:00 - Learned something new. I thought after Apollo 1 ... subsequent Apollo cockpits ran a mix environment throughout flight...not that it gradually went to pure Oxygen during launch.
Brava as usual.
Wow. If anyone had any doubts about your title of "Space Nerd", you'd completely dispelled them. That was a lot of info. And was that complex! You were half way though the video before you got back to the Block 1/Block 2 thing - and by then I had forgotten what this was about.
Really enjoyed this in depth look at the Apollo blocks, Amy.
RIP Apollo I crew, had their sacrifice not occurred on the ground it may have occurred later in space with another crew ending in disaster for the whole program.
Yes. It really seemed like it was just a disaster waiting to happen.
What they missed almost killed the Apollo 13 crew.
When the Apollo 1 backup crew (Schirra, Eisele and Cunningham) arrived at Ellington and were told of the fire by Bud Ream, Cunningham's first comment was, "Thank God it happened on the pad.". As an engineer, he understood that a ground based accident secured the chain of evidence that would lead to a cause and then a solution.
@@allangibson2408 not sure they missed anything since Apollo 1 involved a Block 1 (orbital missions) command module and Apollo 13 involved a Block II (lunar missions) service module. Since the Block 1 was designed with Earth Orbit Rendezvous in mind there are substantial changes between them. Especially in the case of the O2 storage and fuel cell systems that caused the accident on 13.
@@nicksantos43 The pad test power supplies were 65V DC (a hang over from the Gemini program) - the Apollo capsules were 24V DC. Apollo 13 root cause was identified as a thermostat that was damaged by the higher voltage resulting in its contacts welding closed during testing on the pad.
Someone is getting ready for Halloween.... And I like it!!!!
Thanks Amy for your channel. It's awesome and so are YOU!
Thanks for yet another gripping and informative video essay about my favorite topic!
Great presentation Amy! 🇨🇦 I couldn’t stop watching. I’m going to have to replay it a couple of times as you covered a lot of information. I prefer these longer videos to your shorter ones. More Amy. Lol
If you would've been my High School science teacher.... I'd be a rocket scientist, instead of an engineer
You have a great ability to bring history alive. Thank you for your hard work, research and high quality videos.
Her research didn't bring up Von Braun's name... She seems to think it's Von Brown for some reason.
@peterdemkiw3280 She is correct. It's a German name, and is pronounced more like "Brown" than "Brawn".
Fantastic video. I think I knew only 20% of that. The remaining 80% was delivered perfectly. Thank you.
This is far away the best, most deeply researched and detailed presentation of the early days of Apollo that I have ever seen, and I've seen them all (and read a couple of books too). Amy, you need to set up "SUPER THANKS" so I can donate to you. You're amazing! BTW... you're also the cutest girl on YT, but it's your intelligence that made me fall in love you. 👍👏🫡. Thank you for all you do.
Apollo 7 had a few “Block I” pieces, such as the Couches.
Lunar Orbit Rendezvous (LOR) was originally proposed by John Houbolt,
using the Saturn C-3 launcher (1961-1962).
The Saturn C-4 and C-5 designs came as Lunar launcher simplification (1962-1964).
I found the "Mission Control" film on Netfilx very interesting - especially where Chris Craft pretty much said "we murdererd the astronauts on Apollo 1". Love your videos
Gene Kranz or Chris Craft? You got those two mixed up.
@@thegrumpytexan Dangit, I do that all the time - thanks for pointing it out; corrected it.
@@MrZenzio Happens to the best of us! I bumped into Gene Kranz at a Lowe's many years ago when I worked down by NASA.
Clicked onto this video because I saw Amy in the thumbnail and thought "i have the feeing this person knows exactly what they're talking about" and I'm so glad to see I was right. Subbed!
Amy, thank you, fantastic video. Loved the history, all the facts and your presentation. Real pleasure to watch and so informative. Just wanted more and more.
Thanks.
Why would anyone give this a thumbs down? Great job Amy! I have been enjoying your shows for months. Keep up the great work!
I would like to know what information you have if any on AeroJet General Corporation from the mid to late 60's. They manufactured the engines for Mercury and Gemini. My dad worked there till mid 60's when NASA decided to have the engines built elsewhere. As far as I know they also built engines for the Redstone and other high profile programs and probably some not so publicized. The layoffs in the 60' s at the Rancho Cordova plant was devastating to a lot of us!
Amy, keep up the great work you do. Love it!
John Marker, my grandpa was a union sheet metal man at AeroJet. I remember things were tense during strikes back then. He worked on Evil Kanevils Snake River jump rocket, which he thought was ridiculous. Not bad for a man with an eighth grade education.
Aerojet manufactured the service propulsion system (SPS) engine for Apollo.
Amazing is my favorite space historian. She is simply the best!
Love this channel! Excellent and always well done! Thx
It's good to have you back discussing Apollo issues again :)
CAN I SUGGEST A VIDEO THEME !!!???? Given so many of America's brightest brains focused so hard on making the Apollo programme work. The simple question is: what did they overlook? For example, is there any record of when Neil Armstrong arrived back home - him debriefing various teams and saying, "Well this didn't work well and that didn't work well. We should reconsider...."???
.
And other Apollo missions? (we know about Apollo 13 - but what about others?)
.
I'd be impressed to see how, the best brains went over every tiny detail yet the reality is the true test.
That is a fun Halloween dress Amy!
Very good work, Amy. Nice job as always.
That was a comprehensive and easy to understand explanation. Thank you Amy. You answered questions I didn't even know I had.
Can you do one on the actual towers and what went into them? Also what did they looked like post launch?
Don’t you think Amy has a nice pair of towers 😉
Hey! I only just saw it, but i love the into, so much better than the old one with her sitting ontop of the saturn V 😂
Including Pete gets a bonus point.
@@scottfw7169 exactly lol!
Thank you so much for the explanation on the block versions, Amy , thanks to you and all your videos and tweets you have filled in so many gaps in my knowledge of a subject I loved as a child growing up in the sixties in the UK.
Thanks to your recommendation, my daughter was able to get a copy of Rocket Man for me and it was great.
Would like to read your books soon.
Please keep on doing this great work and thank you
Very interesting and informative & and extremely well delivered. Keep up the good work.
Love the Halloween outfit. When next you are in the Atlanta Georgia area, I would love to get my "Breaking the Chains of Gravity," autographed...
Very interesting and informative. Can you also do a video on the Soyuz 11 decompression accident as well as the alternate lunar proposed missions such as the "Lunar Gemini?" I would also like to see you interviews with the four remaining moonwalkers: Aldrin, Scott, Duke and Schmidt .
Always enjoy your videos.
What I like about historians is that you guys view everything in context.
Wow I haven't seen a video from you in a year or two, I thought you disappeared...thanks algorithm...guess I got some catching up to do!!
Brilliant and informative video, enjoyed the longer format 👍
Welcome back, we missed you. Great vid :)
So one could say that they used "agile" project management to organize Mercury and Gemini and "classic" project management for Apollo? Of course without knowing these expressions.
So *this* is where Scott Manley gets his info from!
Hahaha. Nailed it!
So 20 years after Apollo I, the same issues from the board about communications, management planning and safety were replicated with STS-51L.
Thank you for this interesting and thought-provoking video, Amy.
It's always refreshing to see someone of your generation taking such insightful interest in the space program. Thanks for keeping such important history relevant and interesting!
I suddenly like Halloween a whole lot more.
@@IvorMektin1701 If the straps were a little wider maybe.
DAMN! None of my history teachers looked like that.
Amy is getting a jump on Halloween? :) That outfit could scare some kids!
Never before in my life have I ever wanted to be a microphone!
@@jamescallen36 nice! Lol. Couldn't agree more!
@@jamescallen36 yup
I just remembered I need to buy pumpkins.
That dress is a feat of engineering. Lol. Sorry Amy we kid, but you know we love you. 😘🇨🇦
I like the long-form deep dive videos! More of these please!
Great video Amy! Thanks.
love the halloween dress! great presentation!
good work !
very professional video .
don't forget to add some music it wont be boring wile you explaining .