Vasopressors Explained Clearly: Norepinephrine, Epinephrine, Vasopressin, Dobutamine...

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  • Опубліковано 18 сер 2018
  • Professor Roger Seheult, MD gives an easy to follow method for vasopressors (which vasopressor to use and in which order). This is video 2. The complete vasopressor course is at www.medcram.com/courses/vasop...
    In Vasopressors Explained Clearly, renowned instructor Dr. Roger Seheult illustrates a concise way to understand vasopressors & inotropes, and how to systematically manage patients with hypotension & septic shock.
    𝐂𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞𝐭𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐮𝐫𝐬𝐞 𝐢𝐧𝐜𝐥𝐮𝐝𝐞𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰𝐢𝐧𝐠:
    - A thorough comparison of each vasopressor + key differences: levophed, epinephrine, vasopressin, neosynephrine, dopamine, dobutamine, etc.
    - Key physiology of endogenous vs. exogenous vasopressors
    - Illustrations of the receptors involved in mediating blood pressure
    - A systematic approach to managing hypotension and septic shock.
    - Side effects of vasopressors and inotropes
    - Central line vs. alternative options for administration.
    - A clinical perspective of tips, nuances, & practice scenarios.
    - Quiz questions to reinforce core concepts and help you study
    See how this course can help you excel at shock & hypotension management with a clear understanding of vasopressors: www.medcram.com/courses/vasop...
    𝗛𝗶𝗴𝗵𝗹𝗶𝗴𝗵𝘁𝘀 𝗼𝗳 𝘁𝗵𝗶𝘀 𝘃𝗶𝗱𝗲𝗼 𝗶𝗻𝗰𝗹𝘂𝗱𝗲:
    - Core vasopressor physiology
    - The synthetic pathway for dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine (includes tyrosine and L DOPA)
    - Vitamin C and the Marik Protocol
    - Limitations of studies that are not randomized, placebo-controlled
    Visit www.medcram.com/?Y...
    for this complete course and over 100 free lectures. This is the home for ALL MedCram.com medical videos (many medical videos, medical lectures, and quizzes are not on UA-cam).
    Speaker: Roger Seheult, MD
    Co-Founder of MedCram.com ( www.medcram.com/?Y... )
    Clinical and Exam Preparation Instructor
    Board Certified in Internal Medicine, Pulmonary Disease, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine.
    Visit www.medcram.com/?Y...
    for hundreds of clear & concise videos
    MedCram = MORE understanding in LESS time
    MedCram: Medical education topics explained clearly including: Respiratory lectures such as Asthma and COPD. Renal lectures on Acute Renal Failure and Adrenal Gland. Internal medicine videos on Oxygen Hemoglobin Dissociation Curve and Medical Acid Base. A growing library on critical care topics such as Shock, Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA), and Mechanical Ventilation. Cardiology videos on Hypertension, ECG / EKG Interpretation, Cardiogenic Shock, Septic Shock, and heart failure. VQ Mismatch and Hyponatremia lectures have been popular among medical students and physicians. The Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) videos and Ventilator-associated pneumonia bundles and lectures have been particularly popular with RTs. NPs and PAs have given great feedback on Pneumonia Treatment and Liver Function Tests among many others. Dr. Jacquet teaches our FAST exam tutorial & bedside ultrasound courses. Many nursing students have found the Asthma and shock lectures very helpful. We're starting a new course series on clinical ultrasound/ultrasound medical imaging.
    Recommended Audience - Medical professionals and medical students: including physicians, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, nurses, respiratory therapists, EMT and paramedics, and many others. Review and test prep for USMLE, MCAT, PANCE, NCLEX, NAPLEX, NBDE, RN, RT, MD, DO, PA, NP school, and board examinations.
    More from MedCram.com medical lectures:
    Facebook: / medcram
    Google+: plus.google.com/u/1/+Medcram
    Twitter: / medcramvideos
    Subscribe to the official MedCram.com UA-cam Channel: ua-cam.com/users/subscription_...
    Produced by Kyle Allred PA-C
    Please note: MedCram medical videos, medical lectures, medical illustrations, and medical animations are for medical education and exam preparation purposes, and not intended to replace recommendations by your doctor or health care provider.

КОМЕНТАРІ • 155

  • @Medcram
    @Medcram  5 років тому +15

    See the rest of this series and many other videos and quizzes at MedCram.com

    • @sxli3340
      @sxli3340 3 роки тому +1

      why dopamine and dobutamine are mg/KG/min ,

  • @lisatowe778
    @lisatowe778 5 років тому +70

    Dr Seheult, you are incredibly gifted and i love listening and learning. I am a nurse and you make the "why", which is how i learn, come alive. Thank you sir for your generosity in putting this out there for us

    • @Medcram
      @Medcram  5 років тому +3

      +Lisa Towe thank you! There are also free videos over at Medcram.com

    • @andrewzack6559
      @andrewzack6559 4 роки тому

      Ditto

  • @nataliebusse514
    @nataliebusse514 Рік тому +2

    I am a nurse and listen to lost of your lectures. It has helped my learning so much! It is so appreciated!

  • @fidelisetverus
    @fidelisetverus 11 місяців тому +1

    Wished I had this medcram video when I was doing my critical care internship. I struggles to understand them. My preceptor was so knowledge but i just couldn't understand his explanations and felt so intimidated by his knowledge and everything else going on with our pts as well. Did slowly learned them and stuck it out. Stayed for 26 yrs and justight come.back to ICU as I've enjoined having to push myself learn more. Can't explain it. I'll be watching more of your videos for sure. Thanks for explaining it where it is easy to comprehend. This will be helpful to so many med students and nurses at bedside, especially in ICU. 👍

  • @ShadeTreeCardiology
    @ShadeTreeCardiology 5 років тому +14

    What an excellent explanation! Everyone should watch this!

  • @metalmilitia89
    @metalmilitia89 5 років тому +14

    As a pediatric ICU fellow, thanks for this. Nice review.

  • @jessicakell1454
    @jessicakell1454 5 років тому +15

    Your video is amazing! Thank you for posting. I'm new in the ICU and this video has been tremendously helpful.

  • @Hopeof7suns
    @Hopeof7suns 5 років тому +38

    Literally one of the best to the point mini lectures I’ve ever seen . Watching this bc I’m going to apply for CVICU RN bc I’m maxed out in my cards role currently. Looks like I’ll have plenty to learn and looks like a lot of fun. Thanks!!

  • @mmrmmr5246
    @mmrmmr5246 2 роки тому

    WOW! This explanation of Vasopressors are awesome. This really gives me the confidence that I needed to be a better ICU nurse. Thank you

  • @TeamFoust
    @TeamFoust 4 роки тому +7

    Helping me be a better nurse and get ready for CRNA school. Thanks!

  • @karinagerein2145
    @karinagerein2145 4 роки тому

    This is SO helpful!! I had to read a long wordy article to figure out all of these pressors.. great visual

  • @Ahdree23
    @Ahdree23 3 роки тому

    Thank you for this! The other ICU page is so boring, this is straight to the point and illustrations help.

  • @haridasramanathan2485
    @haridasramanathan2485 4 роки тому +8

    Great teaching never had anything exlpained so clearly

    • @Medcram
      @Medcram  4 роки тому

      Good to hear, thank you!

  • @_prettybrownbrown7729
    @_prettybrownbrown7729 3 роки тому +8

    This was great .! I left the ICU but went back because of COVID needs and this was a great review. These patients decline so fast .

  • @michaelmico1979
    @michaelmico1979 Рік тому +6

    I’m a LVN and i’m taking the prerequisites for the RN bridge program. My goal is to either be a ER or ICU nurse and then be a flight nurse. I’m glad I came across your channel. I’m watching them for the hell of it and I’m sure when I start the RN program, everything that I’m learing from your channel will come in handy.

  • @jonggrieco
    @jonggrieco 4 роки тому +4

    your videos are so easy to follow, Thank you, more power, good health and God bless you!!!..

    • @Medcram
      @Medcram  4 роки тому

      Thanks for your comment!

  • @Tu_aape_krta8266
    @Tu_aape_krta8266 2 роки тому +1

    Best video on vasopressors

  • @bengbeng1754
    @bengbeng1754 4 роки тому +2

    Easy to understand... Thank you for sharing 🙋

  • @gheorghealexandrucristian
    @gheorghealexandrucristian 3 роки тому +1

    Elegantly done, nice job!

  • @hilkkatitus9880
    @hilkkatitus9880 5 років тому +7

    Thank you for this video. Keep it up.

  • @nordaspence1561
    @nordaspence1561 4 роки тому

    Awesome video!!! Easy to follow thank you for sharing.

  • @lawron2
    @lawron2 Рік тому

    How I wished my critical care professor could've explained this in class when I needed it the most.

  • @estebantspn5962
    @estebantspn5962 4 роки тому +2

    Omg one of the greatest videos and well explained in UA-cam 🥰🥰🥰

    • @Medcram
      @Medcram  4 роки тому

      Thank you so much 😀

  • @Sopranaur
    @Sopranaur 4 роки тому +9

    im a med student and I basically learn all the med materials from your channel. This episode totally helps me from memorizing the algorithm of advance cardiac life support. Thank you Sir!

    • @Medcram
      @Medcram  4 роки тому

      Thank you for the comment. We have more videos available at our site MedCram.com.

  • @AngelOne11
    @AngelOne11 5 років тому +1

    Nicely done. Thank you!

  • @zahraghaedi5792
    @zahraghaedi5792 3 роки тому +3

    thank you , I really needed it , good job 💗

  • @alicekim6725
    @alicekim6725 Рік тому

    Amazing explanation. Thank you so much. That was so easy to understand!!!!!!

  • @mrcharlesjohnson
    @mrcharlesjohnson 3 роки тому +1

    You are truly awesome for this, thank you so much!!

  • @micahandme8078
    @micahandme8078 4 роки тому +2

    Thanks for the video! This tied together a few loose ends in regard to pressors and got me thinking about indications for each. Big 'a-ha' moments for this RN who had worked in ED and with inotropics in end stage HF. Great job at explaining.

    • @Medcram
      @Medcram  4 роки тому

      Thank you, great to hear!

  • @user-ig2nx4ky5f
    @user-ig2nx4ky5f 9 місяців тому

    Thanks a lot for sharing your talents

  • @deogettic
    @deogettic 3 роки тому +1

    This video perfectly explains the medications that were mentioned in the video. It provides great insight on the various pressors and inotropes. Super helpful video. Many thanks for this video

  • @thepharmacistacademy
    @thepharmacistacademy 4 роки тому +1

    Never let me down ! Thanks

  • @fontosnem8468
    @fontosnem8468 3 роки тому

    That's just more than awesome!!!!!!! ❤️ ❤️ ❤️ ❤️ ❤️ ❤️ Extremely helpful!!!!

  • @JESUSISLORD7777
    @JESUSISLORD7777 Рік тому

    THANK YOU VERY MUCH I LEARN ALOT ❤️MUCH BLESSINGS FOR YOU AND YOUR FAMILY 🙏🏽

  • @abodeashehri
    @abodeashehri 3 роки тому +1

    amazing clarification, thank you

  • @MrLincoln07
    @MrLincoln07 2 роки тому

    Great educational video. Thanks and cheers from NYC!

  • @user-og5si6kt2u
    @user-og5si6kt2u 5 років тому +2

    Very greatful to your effort thank you

  • @vickygreenday.4404
    @vickygreenday.4404 4 місяці тому

    Great understanding 😃

  • @jobskiblah3510
    @jobskiblah3510 5 років тому +6

    This is THUPAH!!! DOOPAH!! Awesome sauce! Very useful quick refresher for the daily grind in my job. Inpatient Medicine NP here.

    • @Medcram
      @Medcram  4 роки тому +1

      Thanks for the comment and enthusiasm!

  • @ReApEr789456
    @ReApEr789456 4 роки тому

    loved this explanation, thanks

  • @edmundpolicarpio
    @edmundpolicarpio 2 роки тому

    Thanks for explaining this!!!!

  • @kitimandiri
    @kitimandiri 2 роки тому

    Thank you thank you this video delivered an explanation clearly, as promised.

  • @cristinaciuffreda2881
    @cristinaciuffreda2881 4 роки тому +2

    Hi! May be possible to have a similar video regarding inotropes meds instead please? This one about vasopressors is very clear and perfect, it would be perfect having one about inotropes as well or even about the main differences between the 2 groups of drugs! Thanks a lot, I really love your videos!:)

  • @makabongwemdluli3907
    @makabongwemdluli3907 4 роки тому +2

    this video is so helpful, thank you

    • @Medcram
      @Medcram  4 роки тому

      Glad to hear it's helpful. Thank you for watching.

  • @BAj-if2sl
    @BAj-if2sl 2 роки тому

    Great video. Thank you so much!

  • @newmanlord7130
    @newmanlord7130 2 роки тому

    Great Video, Doctor,
    Hi from Ghana.

  • @iniyavaley9049
    @iniyavaley9049 3 роки тому

    Very useful and good information for medical student

  • @travelnurse4444
    @travelnurse4444 Рік тому +1

    Thank you sir...!!! Understand verywell i got very good idea about from this. I am from 🇱🇰

  • @chelseachelsea4290
    @chelseachelsea4290 4 роки тому +7

    Thank you so much this is AWESOME

  • @donabelanderson1899
    @donabelanderson1899 2 роки тому

    Thank you 🙏 so much for the explanation

  • @Ssheldon618
    @Ssheldon618 5 років тому +2

    Is there or can there be a lecture on warm versus cold shock? These are great videos and I feel like my understanding would be improved if there were a video about the two. Than you.

  • @IM.MEDICAL
    @IM.MEDICAL 5 років тому +1

    Very useful! 👍

  • @SCGNiagara101
    @SCGNiagara101 3 роки тому

    Thanks so much for the detailed yet easy-to-comprehend explanation.

  • @ChloeDunIT
    @ChloeDunIT 5 років тому +9

    Great video! But what about “alpha2” receptors?

  • @andrewlillys3486
    @andrewlillys3486 5 років тому +3

    Thank you

  • @vivekbio11
    @vivekbio11 3 роки тому

    Thank you ...it's amazing 👏

  • @IVFRegulation
    @IVFRegulation 4 роки тому +3

    What about other class of durgs such as Flavonids (e.g. Daflon), How does it work?
    Thanx

  • @sue7526
    @sue7526 4 роки тому +15

    Where is the "next" video located at?
    I am a ICU nurse reviewing for CRNA interviews and these are really helpful!!! :)))

    • @Medcram
      @Medcram  4 роки тому +4

      Thanks for watching and best of luck with your interviews! The next video and complete vasopressor series is on our website: www.medcram.com/courses/vasopressors-inotropes
      We're running a 30% off special right now with the discount code vaso30

  • @brianfoley4328
    @brianfoley4328 4 роки тому +1

    Outstanding...just brilliant

  • @user-tn5ps2nx1m
    @user-tn5ps2nx1m 9 місяців тому

    Thanks!

  • @suklangkhongsdir2585
    @suklangkhongsdir2585 4 роки тому +1

    Thanks...it's very helpful

    • @Medcram
      @Medcram  4 роки тому

      Glad to hear you found our videos helpful. Thank you for watching.

  • @marciaturley
    @marciaturley Рік тому

    Excellent! Thank you

  • @vitordan2668
    @vitordan2668 4 роки тому +1

    Excelent Video!!

  • @draashi2004
    @draashi2004 5 років тому +1

    Superb 👏👏👏

  • @teawithme6686
    @teawithme6686 5 років тому +1

    Wow.. thank you

  • @ogpowell1
    @ogpowell1 5 років тому +2

    Amazing video!!

  • @steveabraham3052
    @steveabraham3052 3 роки тому +3

    This is an great video for review of vasopressors & their mechanism of action. Question though... in my region of the country we administer all vasopressors weight-based, ie; mcg/kg/min. I my area of practice, I do encounter some pressors in mcg/min. That frustrates me, because I’m told by the sending nurse “They’re maxed out on Levo...” I get there and find them on 5 mcg/min of Levo and think to myself, “That’s no where near max dose...”
    Why is it that weight-based pharmacotherapy isn’t universal? Thank you so much for the FOAM.

  • @BeGood2All77
    @BeGood2All77 3 роки тому

    Very good 👍

  • @lorib5323
    @lorib5323 5 років тому +4

    Finally, I understand the difference between the vasopressors. I didn't understand how a alpha pressor could work when a Beta 2 was also being stimulated. I had no idea they were stimulating at different strengths... ugh... NOW I KNOW!

    • @taylorscott7402
      @taylorscott7402 3 роки тому

      4 years ago I was diagnosed of HUNTINGTON DISEASE and I have tried all I can to get cured but all to no avail, until i saw a post in a health forum about a herbalist man who prepare herbal medication to cure all kind of diseases including HUNTINGTON DISEASE , at first i doubted if it was real but decided to give it a try, when i contact this herbalist via his email and he prepared an HUNTINGTON DISEASE herbal cure and sent it to me via UPS delivery company service,when i received this herbal cure, he gave me step by directions on how to apply it, when i applied it as instructed, i was totally cured of this deadly disease within 1 months of usage, I am now free from HUNTINGTON DISEASE ,all thanks to Dr Joshua Ighalo. you can also reach this great herbal doctor for help . He can help get rid of yours permanently.. Also specialize in treating all kinds of illness, HERPES VIRUS, HEPATITIS B, CANCER, BRAIN DISEASE, INFERTILITY, DIABETES AND MORE. ....

  • @anapereira5170
    @anapereira5170 4 роки тому +1

    Bem legal hein :)Medcram - Medical Lectures Explained Clearly

  • @houston10
    @houston10 3 роки тому

    Well done

  • @tammybambini1096
    @tammybambini1096 Рік тому +1

    you might want to switch to µg/kg/min as unit of dosing *all* continuous applied vasopressors instead of µg/min - because giving 20µg/min is different if you have a 40kg versus a 150kg patient. With µg/kg/min you can compare the need of pressor support between patients (and say: "gosh, that´s high, I need to consider other causes/actions").
    I do see the problem that this is an institutional thing - if everyone is using ml/h (with various concentrations of pressors) and you´re the only one to use µg/gk/min (or gamma, as we colloquially call it) that might lead to problems in understanding...

  • @ayazabdullah9959
    @ayazabdullah9959 4 місяці тому

    Thankya

  • @bill4485
    @bill4485 3 роки тому

    Depending on the institution or facility, epi, norepi and phenylephrine can all be weight based dosing.

  • @denicci
    @denicci 2 роки тому

    This is amazing. Thank you for sharing this!!

  • @tonydebaka3967
    @tonydebaka3967 4 роки тому

    I am not studying to become a doctor but I love watching your vids. You make the subject matter very interesting to non medical school audience and it surly takes talent to do that.
    Is it possible for a CHF patient to be on both Dopamine and dopedimine simultaneously?

  • @ally705
    @ally705 4 роки тому +2

    Why do we usually start with levophed ?

  • @bryancampos6441
    @bryancampos6441 5 років тому

    Great job ! What program do you use to create your animations ?

    • @Medcram
      @Medcram  4 роки тому

      Here is the equipment and links below:
      1) SmoothDraw www.smoothdraw.com/
      -this is just a drawing program and it allows you to write on your computer
      2) Writing screen - this allows you to write on the screen - making for a better experience
      Huion GT-191 KAMVAS Drawing Tablet with HD Screen 8192 Pressure Sensitivity - 19.5 Inch
      www.amazon.com/KAMVAS-GT-191-Drawing-Pressure-Sensitivity/dp/B072N2C2PB/ref=sr_1_7?keywords=huion+writing+screen&qid=1563130096&s=gateway&sr=8-7
      3) Capture Software - Tiny Take
      tinytake.com/
      -this allows you to capture video with audio as you are talking
      3) Microphone Blue Yetti Microphone
      -this is a great microphone
      www.amazon.com/Blue-Yeti-USB-Microphone-Blackout/dp/B0170NWLWY/ref=sxin_3_osp3-4241d43e_cov?ascsubtag=4241d43e-d7bd-49a8-8fe8-9c45a4b1fc2f&creativeASIN=B00N1YPXW2&cv_ct_id=amzn1.osp.4241d43e-d7bd-49a8-8fe8-9c45a4b1fc2f&cv_ct_pg=search&cv_ct_wn=osp-search&keywords=blue%2Byeti&linkCode=oas&pd_rd_i=B00N1YPXW2&pd_rd_r=c3e07be2-c377-4923-87d8-abd241241d79&pd_rd_w=XlhKe&pd_rd_wg=rPXfP&pf_rd_p=c501273b-119a-4fc9-ad78-eda5006b0be9&pf_rd_r=HAJTWJRSEFTC8PWZZJVZ&qid=1563130148&s=gateway&tag=imoreosp-20&th=1

  • @jumaladulesantino1188
    @jumaladulesantino1188 4 роки тому

    Nice

  • @bigred7347
    @bigred7347 4 роки тому

    Thumbs up Remember......there is always something undiscovered.......That's what my wife has.......good Job , continue on DOCTOR's . Doctor is a big deal , because that's what you are or could be. Love you guys.....Please continue...I am depending on it......

  • @bellefeu4933
    @bellefeu4933 4 роки тому

    no benefit for low dose dopamine? That's news to me, thank you, I'll look into it!

  • @beccabee94
    @beccabee94 2 місяці тому

    Would I have permission to recreate your table for a CVICU nurse education program I am putting together for my unit? With an appropriate citation of course!

  • @Emz_Sam2023
    @Emz_Sam2023 2 роки тому

    Hi
    Want to ask if the patient is allergic to phenylephrine , dose that mean he is allergic to norepinephrine or epinephrine?
    Thank you

  • @Frank-ne8si
    @Frank-ne8si 4 роки тому +1

    Subscribed

  • @sadamzghool9082
    @sadamzghool9082 4 роки тому +2

    Big like

  • @Nathan-or2hl
    @Nathan-or2hl 4 роки тому +1

    Because beta blockers typically block B2 receptors, does that mean they have a vasoconstricting effect as well?

    • @zemenea6104
      @zemenea6104 4 роки тому

      No it's the reverse... they have vasodilation effect.

  • @DarkAngel-cj6sx
    @DarkAngel-cj6sx Рік тому

    VM/VMA ratio high 4. How do I get dopamine transform into norepinephrine?

  • @jacobprudhomme
    @jacobprudhomme 2 роки тому

    I thought levophed didn’t have much in the way of chronotropic stimulation? B1 is made out to seem from your initial explanation that B1 includes HR inherently.

  • @jigneshvyas16
    @jigneshvyas16 4 роки тому

    Your video's is awesome

  • @KHouseholder011
    @KHouseholder011 4 роки тому

    So, in the Beta-2 column, the dots actually mean it acts as a vasodilator rather than a vasoconstrictor?

  • @PurpleAmiga
    @PurpleAmiga 4 роки тому +2

    Why is Isoproterenol classified as Vasoconstrictor if it has effect on Beta 1 and 2 only?

  • @tahoefor
    @tahoefor 4 роки тому

    Why is Epinephrine given in EpiPen and isn't Alpha-1, Beta-1 are doing the opposite? Thank you so much for explaining.

    • @KHouseholder011
      @KHouseholder011 4 роки тому

      I believe it's given for the vasodilatory effect on the lungs/trachea in that situation, not for the vasoconstrictive properties.

    • @jamesclark4544
      @jamesclark4544 4 роки тому +1

      Are you asking if stimulating alpha 1 and beta 1 is counterproductive?

  • @director2345
    @director2345 10 місяців тому

    Should norepinephrine be used for autonomic disorder ?

  • @lowtidehiker
    @lowtidehiker Рік тому

    What drawing app are you using?

  • @Olga3SP
    @Olga3SP 3 роки тому

    Great video! Thank you so much!!! Wish someone would explain Alpha-2 to me. Had a question about Norepinephrine.

  • @DumbSkippy
    @DumbSkippy 4 роки тому +1

    Amiodarone... Where does this fit into things, please ?

    • @jamesclark4544
      @jamesclark4544 4 роки тому +2

      Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic drug, and is commonly used during certain cardiac dysrhythmias like persistent ventricular tachycardia, with and without pulses, and ventricular fibrillation. I believe amiodarone has a blocking effect on the calcium, potassium, and sodium channels in the (lower?) heart, so it works to slow down the ventricles..... ACLS has amiodarone as a push dose for pulses v tach and v fib, and has a drip dose rate for vtach with pulses..... As far as I know it doesn't have any effects on alpha receptors... that's all I know as a paramedic student lol!! Hope that helps :)

  • @nsas955
    @nsas955 3 роки тому

    What about alpha 2 receptors?

  • @ARsoldier93
    @ARsoldier93 2 роки тому

    What does Alpha 2 do?

  • @charlenebest9797
    @charlenebest9797 2 роки тому

    thank you so much!!

  • @shelbybarnett8852
    @shelbybarnett8852 4 роки тому

    What about Milrinone ?