I am a physicist and I'm always blown away by your examples. Too often a cool video title leads to nonsensical renders and analogies, but not yours. Keep up the awesome work!
Not to be crass but this demonstration is exactly what I would call a nonsensical analogy rendering incorrect predictions of actual experiments. It has a place in the history of quantum mechanics (proposed by deBroglie), not quantum mechanics itself. Edit: this is explained in the video of course, but for a lot of people the picture of that vibrating ring will already have latched on to their mind.
No, his titles and thumbnails, unless you watch his videos, almost seem boring, but they are always good, not like the titles that tell you Elon musk did something he didn't, or that space ships in orbit around earth are lurking and acting suspiciously.
@@digitalcitizen4533 I'm not being an asshole, ironically you are the one calling names. I'm pointing out that the thumbnail claim 'this is an electron' is really the wrong picture. I agree, no analogy is going to be perfect. But you can weigh the benefits and the drawbacks and I would say that with this analogy the drawbacks outweigh the benefits in a way that will inhibit future learning. I like Action Lab videos, that's why I'm here. A slightly different angle ('could this be an electron' or 'why this isn't an electron') could've worked out very well.
This is the best demonstration of electron orbitals I've ever seen. I've never heard them equated to standing waves before, and the demonstration so easy to understand. Thank you for this video!
@@steveunderhill5935 It does, Unfortunately it dives into areas of quantum physics that are frankly beyond what chemistry is really capable of looking at. There are both odd and even half-wavelengths depending on what exactly you're looking at, and I reccomend looking into the principles behind Electron Spin if you want to know more about exactly what all that's about.
that's so cool with the ring standing waves, I've never seen that in all my years of taking physics (and later teaching it), I've done a linear version of that with that same vibrational tool but the ring really brings another level of cool to things. That said, I always found it odd that electrons don't exist as "an electron" until we actually detect/interact with it, instead it is a probability wave of where it could be. The whole "this is what the orbitals look like... except you'll never see that, almost felt like someone trying to pull the wool over our eyes.
This a is core problem with both chemistry and physics, assumptions get taught as fact. In a way I get it, if you have a model and the assumptions work, at least you can still get results. There is a major flaw in the logic still, but it works. I just wish when it gets taught there is a disclaimer of 'we actually really have no idea but maybe it's this'.
if you think the ring is cool, look up steve mould and his chaldani patterns (i probably spelled everything wring there) but its essentially standing waves but with plates of metal instead of rings, with grains of sand on top. the sand will naturally travel to the spots on the wave that are static and aren't vibrating, creating some sick patterns
@@kingcosworth2643 I mean whenever I've taught physics or astronomy when it comes to energy levels of electrons I do give a disclaimer that I'm using an "incorrect Bohr model" but tell them it's considerably easier to comprehend the ideas. But I think the bigger problem is simply because the "reality" isn't something that really is observed, we're simply told "here's the math that says this is how reality works but we can't show you that it's working" is a hard concept to swallow. I remember taking quantum mechanics as an undergrad and in grad school and it largely felt like all I was doing was math problems with no real connection to reality. Also don't recall any experiment told to us about experimentally recording the position of an electron multiple times to actually show those "electron clouds" other than computer simulations. Now I have seen experiments done with a 2 slit experiment where you can actually see the electron interferes with itself as it goes through either slit (both slits at the same time/wave nature), but other than that nothing of evidence was put forward. And IMO that is a big problem with any type of science, the whole "trust me, this math is right your perception of reality is not"
You do not localise the electron or the photon when you measure them. What you're localising is the interaction with measurement device. When you use a thermometer or an infrared camera to measure the temperature of a macroscopic object, the effect of that interaction on the measured system's temperature is negligible when compared to the desired precision. This is not the case when measuring quantum phenomena. We do not know how to make a measurement with negligible effects on the measured quantity. The electromagnetic radiation has a wavelike cyclic behaviour, the interaction energy is what is quantised not the radiation itself. Hense the non local properties of certain interaction like a "single photon" interfering with"itself" or "two entangled particles" instantly reacting to "each other". Non of the quoted expressions are meaningful. What we refer to as "a single photon" is the minimum quantum of energy that produces the emission of electromagnetic radiation which behaves the same in a double split experiment as radiation with larger energy.
I’m just a regular dude that occasionally likes to learn about science stuffs, but this is hands down the best explanation by analogy of electron orbitals I’ve ever seen.
incomplete would be fairer it's not that you get taught the wrong thing, it's just not really worth going deep on a subject with kids that are mostly just being taught how to learn stuff.
Been following this channel since when i didn't even know what an electron was. Today, I was able to tell every single thing before he even started explaining. The schooling is not at fault but the student might be. (Answering this based on indian education system)
The right word would be "approximate". Approximations are not strictly wrong--the human mind constantly thinks in terms of approximations. It's what makes physics a uniquely human endeavor, in spite of all the math.
@@IAmJKey there's nothing else than vibrations / waves in the Universe - matter is just another mode of electromagnetic vibrations as shown by this experiment
This is why I actually like when terminology changes as we gain insight instead of keeping old contradictory terms for the sake of comfort/familiarity.
My jaw dropped. All these years (over 50) and finally it was you that helped me understand in a way that is easy to comprehend what is going on with the electron orbital. Just wow and thanks!!!! More More MORE!! so good.
I have an idea to simulate the double-slit experiment for electrons. Using tennis balls to simulate the electrons, is anyone interested in doing such a simulated electrons’ double-slit experiment? The double-slit is made of tennis balls, and you will shoot tennis balls through such slits. A tennis ball hit through this slit will collide with balls on its borders. Consequently, the direction of balls coming out of these slits differs from theirs entering it. You may also move the tennis balls on edges randomly and periodically to simulate the distribution of electrons around nuclei. I expect you will produce the so-called interference pattern. Of course, most balls that go straight through the middle of the slit are unharmed. The double-slit experiment for water waves fundamentally differs from a similar experiment for electrons since an electron is too small to compare with a water wave. The edges of a double-slit made of atoms may be continuous and even smooth to a water wave for its long wavelength. However, to our electrons, the similar edge is not straight and sure not smooth due to their tiny size. So, I guess that electrons passing a slit will interact with the electrons on the edges of a slit. Since the electron’s distribution is dynamic, these interactions differ from electrons and time, and their accumulated efforts eventually produce the so-called interference pattern. Of course, photons’ double-slit experiment and their so-called interference pattern are the same.
@@一个说话大声的中国人 and if we try to measure the tennis balls location and velocity is it passes through the tennis ball slit it always goes straight through without the interference pattern?
@@ewmegoolies It depends on the energy you use to measure the tennis ball's position and velocity. In other words, is the energy large enough to change the trajectory of the tennis ball because measuring the position and velocity of electrons and photons has an effect on those electrons and photons. A tennis ball is too heavy to feel the energy from a radar or laser speed gun, but electrons and photons can.
@@lookupverazhou8599 yes, i will try to write a program for it. the edges of the slits are definitely an active part of the electrons' double-slits experiment, unlike in the case of water waves， where the edges aren't.
Can't believe how well this was explained. As a physicist I'm always looking for better ways to explain quantum mechanics ( sometimes to students and sometimes to myself)! These examples show how well you actually understand Q.M (to the extent one can actually understand it , if you know what I mean). Ide love to see some more analogies. Thanks for the vid
Thanks for sharing this visualization of the general idea of electron fields. I took AP chemistry in 98/99, and that's where my instructor told us about the "lies to children" we all learned about the orbiting electron. We had to learn about the various orbital states and their shapes but we had no clue why that was the shape. Seeing something like a harmonic frequency in a loop helps clarify a bit about what could be going on at the sub-atomic level! Brilliant!
another clue that people who believe and trust "the science" are cretins. scientific knowledge constantly changes. what we believe to be indisputable might be laughable to people in a hundred years
wow, what perfect way to finally be able to visualize electrons. on another note now i can completely understand how atoms form molecular bonds cause it's literally all just interlocking waves
10 місяців тому+3
What I really love about this is I have learned this over and over but just in the context of musical harmony. The concept of fundamental frequencies and their harmonics are the building blocks of music and sound.
3:10 slight correction, they do move smoothly between orbitals, but we are only allowed to observe it in a discrete state, not in a transition. Detecting an electron halfway through a transition has a 50% chance of being seen as the old state and 50% chance of being seen as the new state. One third the way through the transition is 33/67, etc. The transition is also very fast. Also, trying to measure an electron during the transition might result in the electron being disturbed.
Thanks for adding! I have a question, because electrons can only be excited by a specific amount of energy, if each orbital is a standing wave, when energy is released the electron drops down to the next stable harmonic frequency?
No, the jumps is as instantaneous as it can be... and it's impossible to measure an electron "during the transition", for Heisemberg among other reasons Stop pls
It's not a jump. It is an emergent event. The electron exists not as a ball but as a cloud (of probability) around the nucleus. That cloud takes certain shapes based on harmonic oscillations at each "orbital” (better is envelopment). Just like what was shown on the ring, the shapes manifest as discrete forms at each discrete envelopment level. There is no continuous transition taking place whereupon one shape transitions (morphs) into another (at a different orbital).
@@raeStrong Yes, but the process is not instantaneous. As the electron releases energy in the form of a photon, it simultaneously moves to the lower state. The electron loses a specific amount of momentum to the photon. By E=pc, the massless form of E=mc^2, and conservation of energy, the loss of momentum is a loss of energy. Because the electron now has less energy, it is no longer stable in its current orbital. Think of orbitals as specific shapes, and electrons orbiting atoms behave more like waves. That shape is not stable for a lower energy wave, so the loss of momentum “swooshes” the wave into a different shape, which is a gradual process (very fast though).
@@TheChzoronzon The jumps are not instantaneous. The evolution of an electron through time is given by the Schrödinger equation, which is continuously différentiable for all finite potentials. As the electron behaves more like a wave when captured by an atom, its state necessarily changes gradually. The amount of time that the transition takes is inversely proportional to the energy lost/gained. In natural units, it is apparent that for the transition to last one Planck time, a change of one Planck energy is required. I’ll let you infer how much energy is required for a zero time transition. What you may be confusing it with is the measurement of the electron state and the electron state itself. We can only measure an electron’s energy at discrete values because during a transition, its energy is not well-defined. It is only well-defined once it has settled into a stable state. In-between states are definitely possible, but they are unstable, which is why we cannot measure an electron as being in those states. Also recall that by interacting with the electron, which is required to measure something about it, you disturb its evolution through time; can you then see the slippery slope that implies that measurements are instantaneous?
I am in my last semester of Biochem in CSUF and one of the classes they have us take is called Physical Chemistry 2 and we are week 6 out of 16 and we have learned this EXACT video! It's so great actually knowing what this wonderful man is saying and knowing all the equations and models we use to figure this stuff out. A true marvel of explanations! This also is me high as a kite but I truly was super happy knowing what this man was talking about. I always like chemistry but I am happy that I will do it for a good chunk of my life :) You got a rare thumbs up and subscription! Nice one :D
WOW! My company developed the only 100% Ion Propelled, Flying, Vehicles with onboard power. I'm constantly trying to understand better how electrons and ions work, and this video was really enlightening. Thank you!
The thing I love most about this guy and his channel is just how much and how easy he makes it to learn about some very complicated and intricate scientific subjects. I think it's because he presents the information just like a good friend who is telling you something important and you need to listen. It's refreshing how the videos get the message across without a crazy amount of loud noises and effects that can be distracting. I really appreciate all the time and effort put into each of these fascinating videos! Bravo!
The world is even simpler. There are no quarters, electrones, atoms, molecules, chemical compounds, cells, algae, worms, amphibians, fauna, mammals. All these are standing waves and they change under the influence of the composer who creates live concert here and now There are no cases, there are laws that create our illusion of the world.
Using a vibrating wire loop to visualize electron orbital is great idea. Demonstrating it is great work. There is no image (how it look like) of electron in whole video.
This is quite possibly the best and simplest visual explanation I have seen for this topic. Dude just explained quantisation, orbitals, and wave functions with a metal ring. Mad respect.
That's also the principle behind generation of lasers. You excite the electrons to move to a higher energy orbit, and when they fall back to the stable orbit, they release their absorbed energy as light, which is specific to the atom involved. This is how you get different color lasers.
It is important to appreciate that there is something physical vibrating (that is the particle that contains mass). The mode of vibration or oscillation is simply the trajectory of the particle. It is the trajectory that describes the standing wave. So, to be clear: the particle is not the wave, but it is traveling in a trajectory that is wave shaped. If we measure the position of the electron the wave disappears because we have intercepted the motion of the particle.
Superposition is the natural state of matter. Any time matter is unbound it exists in a wave or cloud-like state. Electrons exist as a kind of electron-cloud because of this. They exist in equal probability points where the probability is equally likely for an electron to be at one point as it is at another, existing, essentially, at all such equal points simultaneously. This continues until something alters the electron or atom as a whole, such as molecular bonding or ionization. I postulate that the "big bang" may have been the universe stuck ENTIRELY in such a cloud-like state until there was one point that reached a 100% probability, forcing the clouds of improbability to collapse and release a TON of energy while doing so.
As someone who's done a whole degree in physics, including 5 courses of quantum, this is a REALLY GOOD analogy that has an extremely deep correspondence with the actual quantum physics of electron orbitals. It's rare to see such a presentation that doesn't really require any math background, but addresses the topic in such a relevant way!
I studied my degree in molecular biology and organic chemistry synthesis in post grad and have never had any of the professionals able to explain something seemingly complicated on such a simple and understandable way. And many have tried. It's a true testament that teaching is a skill unto itself and that just because someone is an expert on something doesn't mean they're qualified to teach it. Cheers for the video.
Love your content and how easy you make it to understand. I do have a favor to ask, could you possibly do a video on cymatics? It's the study of physical effects of sound. I absolutely love cymatics and I feel like you could make a great video about it. I think lots of people would enjoy seeing how different sounds create different shapes. I did a project in high school on it and used an electric keyboard with an auxiliary audio output connected to a set of plate speakers and it was crazy cool. Didn't win the science fair, but I did get 3rd. It was cool seeing how the left and right channels were different when I used an mp3 instead of my electric keyboard. Watching the sand dance around into various shapes was something I'll never forget. People often forget how powerful sound really is.
As a physicist this is exactly what i was thinking happens as an electron. I also think that charge depends on the even or odd state of the standing wave.
@@nikkiofthevalley :( Well.. ok.. but still a worthier sponsor than FBIvpn... and the movie Twilight. He's right about the mental health issues we're facing.. Any help is sometimes better than no help at all if you're far away from everyone..
@@mitchellsteindler When people are in a mentally vulnerable state and their mental health is coerced by paying an exorbitant fee rather than trying to get them someone to talk to it's not therapy-- it's abuse and should be illegal. The company should not exist in the state it does and I would encourage people to stay away from using their services.
To my knowledge, the electron has never been directly observed. Never. Ever. In over 100 years since its discovery. We have measured its mass, its, spin, its charge, and its effects upon other particles. But we have never measured it size; indeed, it may be infinitesimally small. So what do you mean, saying. "What Does An Electron Look Like", when you cannot answer that question?
@@WHITEDEVIL-zq5hi False, it's not even close to the E of engineering However still near the half E And before you say anything else, I'm Indian myself
I am just going to post this first before watching the video. The electron is shaped exactly like the thing designed to carry it. The Red Blood Cell. It is a catenoid just like the top load on a Telsa coil. Just like the electron it is a Toroid! There I said it now, I will watch the video.
everything is a toroid. There's a reason why they appear literately everywhere you look. Even the words coming out of your mouth wrap around the air toroid ALLY
Yep no such thing as electron they call that scaler waves 100 years ago now they call it quantum levels and standing waves the original terminology described it better
I haven't done the math, but I always thought the reason for discrete orbitals was because for atoms of a given charge, only specific orbit radii allowed for a match between speed and speed of light distance to the far side of the orbit such that there was a destructive interference of the electromagnetic emission and a resulting keeping of the kinetic energy withing the electron. When something happens to drop the electron slightly down in orbit energy, it is gonna emit in a big @&*$ hurry until it dissipates enough energy to be in the next lower orbit. The obvious problem of my past understanding is there is no lower orbit to descend to below the base energy level.
I compare it to phase change and how it breaks thermodynamics laws over and over. the medium itself controls the orbital levels there is no other explanation. you will see the nodes at 3 6 and 9. it's like there is some framework in place that controls and only allows those orbitals that create standing waves. it always jumps right into place at the only at the right frequency. it's really funny how it behaves like lattices in nature. Tesla was really close to this with his frequency and vibration ideas.
I suppose if you painted a dot in a random part of the circle and made it vibrate you would still get a cloud, but if you took a picture with a very high shutter speed you would see the point in the circle being somewhere in the "cloud". I think that would make a great analogy for the collapse of the wave function
oh my god. this was probably the most beautiful, instantly understandable examples in science education ever. you’ve made my day, wow well done! Such a practical way of showing something that’s downright mystical.
Wow! How you explain a complicated topic in simple words with straightforward examples is commendable. I remember reading this in the first year of college but I never truly understood it and after many years I understood the concept in just 6 minutes video.
I've a Ph.D. in physics, and I must say your analogy is a very good example of quantization of energy of an electron orbital, using an ingenious resonant device we can see clearly. Keep it up!
What a great analogy. Having done mechanical engineering I get how structures have resonant frequencies and I can see how the ring has resonances at certain frequencies. But to use this as an analog for electrons is just clever.
When I was in school I pictured atoms like a solar system. Eventually I started picturing them like the planet Saturn. Then as a rubber band ball where each rubber band is vibrating at a different frequency. This is a good video demonstrating how frequencies affect the electrons. I feel that there’s so much I cannot grasp. Good thing we have smart people studying these things!
Positive and Negative Charge Suggestion that charge is more fluid and less concrete then we thought - more shifting and switching about, and less confined to any specific location - more like a traveling magnetic field than a separate spot for negative charge and another spot for positive. My previous posts, part of a bigger connected idea - see summary at end - is that photons, electrons and positrons, are all three the same thing in different form. Further I add that the positron with a positive charge and the electron with a negative charge shift back and forth in the atom, like two entangled particles. This suggests solutions for certain problems: They include: SPIN , SUPERPOSITON, THE MISSING ANTI MATTER, ELECTRON WAVES PER SHELL, and THE UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE. The electron orbital holds two electrons with opposite spin, one electron has spin up, the other has spin down. They also have a magnetic moment. Suggestion that spin up is an electron and spin down is a positron, or vice versa. That would suggest why there is a limit of 2 per orbital. There are 2 charges. This concerns the two slit experiment. How can one photon interfere with itself in superposition? Suggestion that It could if that photon had converted to an electron positron pair. And the electron and positron annihilated each other and converted back to a photon energy, and back and forth. Where is the missing anti matter? Suggestion that it's in every atom, and that every electron has an entangled positron. (See summary for suggestion that both protons and neutrons are made of electron positrons, instead of quarks.) Certain wavelengths fit each electron she'll. The suggestion is that the wave of each electron is in reality a two part wave, were the crest, a positron alternates with a trough, the electron. They bounce back and forth as the wave travels the shell. The uncertainty principle suggests we can't know both the position and momentum of an electron. The idea that electrons and positrons are entangled and switch positions at certain times would support the uncertainty
"The measurement Problem", there have been many theories for why there is a measurement problem, which is in some way the particle versus the wave conceptual understanding. The location and velocity etc. cannot be measured unless it is a physical thing (a particle) One of the understandings is that it is a wave spread out across the entire universe until it is measured and then it "collapses" into a particle in a specific local place. Almost seems like a magical fantastic concept. The concept of a magnet is "lines of force" and this can even be demonstrated with iron filings etc. , the lines of force can be seen to loop backwards on each other (between north and south) but in theory the ones in the middle need to traverse the whole universe before they loop back,
This is awesome. I teach chemistry and I hate drawing atoms with little red balls for electrons. My colleagues always say the electron is too abstract for them to understand. However, we don't tell kids the planet is flat and then drop a bomb on them in high school and say, "ok. Check this out! The planet is actually round!" So maybe, if little brains are told electrons are waves vibrating, then by high school quantum mechanics won't be so damn mysterious and weird.
Particle moves as particle-wave system. The wave associated with the particle affects its path but it does not make the particle move on a wavy path. Particle always move in a straight line.
I am a physicist and I'm always blown away by your examples. Too often a cool video title leads to nonsensical renders and analogies, but not yours. Keep up the awesome work!
Really? Prove you are a physicist. How many bananas do you need to create a blackhole?
Not to be crass but this demonstration is exactly what I would call a nonsensical analogy rendering incorrect predictions of actual experiments. It has a place in the history of quantum mechanics (proposed by deBroglie), not quantum mechanics itself. Edit: this is explained in the video of course, but for a lot of people the picture of that vibrating ring will already have latched on to their mind.
No, his titles and thumbnails, unless you watch his videos, almost seem boring, but they are always good, not like the titles that tell you Elon musk did something he didn't, or that space ships in orbit around earth are lurking and acting suspiciously.
@@rutger4131 stop being a crasshole, no analogy is perfect if you want to be pendantic about it.
@@digitalcitizen4533 I'm not being an asshole, ironically you are the one calling names. I'm pointing out that the thumbnail claim 'this is an electron' is really the wrong picture. I agree, no analogy is going to be perfect. But you can weigh the benefits and the drawbacks and I would say that with this analogy the drawbacks outweigh the benefits in a way that will inhibit future learning. I like Action Lab videos, that's why I'm here. A slightly different angle ('could this be an electron' or 'why this isn't an electron') could've worked out very well.
This is the best demonstration of electron orbitals I've ever seen. I've never heard them equated to standing waves before, and the demonstration so easy to understand. Thank you for this video!
If you'd like a deeper dive, the "electron in a box" exercise was what I saw in undergrad chem to make the connection.
@@AySz88 Cool, thank you!
Im wondering if the odd vs even modes could be extrapolated to say something new about the visible universe
They are not equated to standing waves, this is just a thing how to visualize them. Reality is much more complex.
@@steveunderhill5935
It does,
Unfortunately it dives into areas of quantum physics that are frankly beyond what chemistry is really capable of looking at.
There are both odd and even half-wavelengths depending on what exactly you're looking at, and I reccomend looking into the principles behind Electron Spin if you want to know more about exactly what all that's about.
that's so cool with the ring standing waves, I've never seen that in all my years of taking physics (and later teaching it), I've done a linear version of that with that same vibrational tool but the ring really brings another level of cool to things.
That said, I always found it odd that electrons don't exist as "an electron" until we actually detect/interact with it, instead it is a probability wave of where it could be. The whole "this is what the orbitals look like... except you'll never see that, almost felt like someone trying to pull the wool over our eyes.
This a is core problem with both chemistry and physics, assumptions get taught as fact. In a way I get it, if you have a model and the assumptions work, at least you can still get results. There is a major flaw in the logic still, but it works. I just wish when it gets taught there is a disclaimer of 'we actually really have no idea but maybe it's this'.
if you think the ring is cool, look up steve mould and his chaldani patterns (i probably spelled everything wring there)
but its essentially standing waves but with plates of metal instead of rings, with grains of sand on top. the sand will naturally travel to the spots on the wave that are static and aren't vibrating, creating some sick patterns
@@kingcosworth2643 I mean whenever I've taught physics or astronomy when it comes to energy levels of electrons I do give a disclaimer that I'm using an "incorrect Bohr model" but tell them it's considerably easier to comprehend the ideas.
But I think the bigger problem is simply because the "reality" isn't something that really is observed, we're simply told "here's the math that says this is how reality works but we can't show you that it's working" is a hard concept to swallow. I remember taking quantum mechanics as an undergrad and in grad school and it largely felt like all I was doing was math problems with no real connection to reality.
Also don't recall any experiment told to us about experimentally recording the position of an electron multiple times to actually show those "electron clouds" other than computer simulations. Now I have seen experiments done with a 2 slit experiment where you can actually see the electron interferes with itself as it goes through either slit (both slits at the same time/wave nature), but other than that nothing of evidence was put forward. And IMO that is a big problem with any type of science, the whole "trust me, this math is right your perception of reality is not"
You do not localise the electron or the photon when you measure them. What you're localising is the interaction with measurement device.
When you use a thermometer or an infrared camera to measure the temperature of a macroscopic object, the effect of that interaction on the measured system's temperature is negligible when compared to the desired precision.
This is not the case when measuring quantum phenomena. We do not know how to make a measurement with negligible effects on the measured quantity.
The electromagnetic radiation has a wavelike cyclic behaviour, the interaction energy is what is quantised not the radiation itself. Hense the non local properties of certain interaction like a "single photon" interfering with"itself" or "two entangled particles" instantly reacting to "each other".
Non of the quoted expressions are meaningful.
What we refer to as "a single photon" is the minimum quantum of energy that produces the emission of electromagnetic radiation which behaves the same in a double split experiment as radiation with larger energy.
Think you might appreciate this guys channel. @HuygensOptics
I’m just a regular dude that occasionally likes to learn about science stuffs, but this is hands down the best explanation by analogy of electron orbitals I’ve ever seen.
Apparently they don't obit but just vibrate and make a wave that doesn't move
Electrons have a negative charge but I wish everybody a positively charged day
Then how about positrons :)
I thought technically they had a positive charge because Ben Franklin had a 50/50 chance and was incorrect?
Isn't that dangerous?
Yes, stay well within your orbit and don't go nuclear on your loved ones
Thanks man hope my day gets better it's been going rough :)
This is great. You should do a whole series on topics that were taught to us in school in a let's say "inaccurate" way.
incomplete would be fairer
it's not that you get taught the wrong thing, it's just not really worth going deep on a subject with kids that are mostly just being taught how to learn stuff.
Been following this channel since when i didn't even know what an electron was. Today, I was able to tell every single thing before he even started explaining. The schooling is not at fault but the student might be. (Answering this based on indian education system)
Oversimplified to the point of being wrong. 100% would watch that.
I definitely remember all this stuff about waves in the orbital at school.
The right word would be "approximate". Approximations are not strictly wrong--the human mind constantly thinks in terms of approximations. It's what makes physics a uniquely human endeavor, in spite of all the math.
Finally a simple, pictorial explanation of why the energy levels are discrete.
So vibration has an effect on matter? (Scratches chin like a Tibetan monk)
@@IAmJKey Quantum shenanigans; just like tunneling, they are probability fields.
_that was my takeaway at least_
@@IAmJKey there's nothing else than vibrations / waves in the Universe - matter is just another mode of electromagnetic vibrations as shown by this experiment
I am not sure but this is exactly what I got in my textbook in physics lessons, I thought it is a common demonstration with de broglie wavelength
@@fireblossom8544 Oh really?!
This is why I actually like when terminology changes as we gain insight instead of keeping old contradictory terms for the sake of comfort/familiarity.
Been watching this guy for over 3 years and love his content
My favorite is his onlyfans
@@wulfrache holdup
I learn so much so quickly from his videos.
been watching for 5 years and hate his content
@@bloodakoos Been watching 8 years and I spy on him from the bushes every night, waiting for my moment to pounce.
I would love to see this with a flexible sphere. It would be cool to see the harmonics in 3 dimensions....
Use water
Technically you're seeing it in 3 dimensions, your brain just ignores the third dimension because the circle is too thin
@@Letsgoback2thefuture soap bubble on ground and a speaker.
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Dude no shit, that would be dope af ngl
Ignoring electrons for a moment, that t-shirt is absolutely outstanding!
I was going to comment, I'm wearing my Ducktales T-Shirt...must be 80s kids day today.
right on, but who wears TWO T-shirts at the same time?
ignore this comment 🙃
Ignoring the comment for a moment, that pfp is so cool!
Looks like a shirt 10yo kid wears🤓
It should be noted that Louis de Broglie was the one who proposed the idea that an atom's energy levels are caused by standing waves.
My jaw dropped. All these years (over 50) and finally it was you that helped me understand in a way that is easy to comprehend what is going on with the electron orbital. Just wow and thanks!!!! More More MORE!! so good.
I have an idea to simulate the double-slit experiment for electrons.
Using tennis balls to simulate the electrons, is anyone interested in doing such a simulated electrons’ double-slit experiment?
The double-slit is made of tennis balls, and you will shoot tennis balls through such slits. A tennis ball hit through this slit will collide with balls on its borders. Consequently, the direction of balls coming out of these slits differs from theirs entering it.
You may also move the tennis balls on edges randomly and periodically to simulate the distribution of electrons around nuclei. I expect you will produce the so-called interference pattern. Of course, most balls that go straight through the middle of the slit are unharmed.
The double-slit experiment for water waves fundamentally differs from a similar experiment for electrons since an electron is too small to compare with a water wave. The edges of a double-slit made of atoms may be continuous and even smooth to a water wave for its long wavelength. However, to our electrons, the similar edge is not straight and sure not smooth due to their tiny size.
So, I guess that electrons passing a slit will interact with the electrons on the edges of a slit. Since the electron’s distribution is dynamic, these interactions differ from electrons and time, and their accumulated efforts eventually produce the so-called interference pattern.
Of course, photons’ double-slit experiment and their so-called interference pattern are the same.
@@一个说话大声的中国人 and if we try to measure the tennis balls location and velocity is it passes through the tennis ball slit it always goes straight through without the interference pattern?
@@ewmegoolies It depends on the energy you use to measure the tennis ball's position and velocity. In other words, is the energy large enough to change the trajectory of the tennis ball because measuring the position and velocity of electrons and photons has an effect on those electrons and photons. A tennis ball is too heavy to feel the energy from a radar or laser speed gun, but electrons and photons can.
@@一个说话大声的中国人 Do it.
@@lookupverazhou8599 yes, i will try to write a program for it. the edges of the slits are definitely an active part of the electrons' double-slits experiment, unlike in the case of water waves， where the edges aren't.
Can't believe how well this was explained. As a physicist I'm always looking for better ways to explain quantum mechanics ( sometimes to students and sometimes to myself)!
These examples show how well you actually understand Q.M (to the extent one can actually understand it , if you know what I mean).
Ide love to see some more analogies.
Thanks for the vid
Thanks for sharing this visualization of the general idea of electron fields. I took AP chemistry in 98/99, and that's where my instructor told us about the "lies to children" we all learned about the orbiting electron. We had to learn about the various orbital states and their shapes but we had no clue why that was the shape. Seeing something like a harmonic frequency in a loop helps clarify a bit about what could be going on at the sub-atomic level! Brilliant!
another clue that people who believe and trust "the science" are cretins. scientific knowledge constantly changes. what we believe to be indisputable might be laughable to people in a hundred years
wow, what perfect way to finally be able to visualize electrons. on another note now i can completely understand how atoms form molecular bonds cause it's literally all just interlocking waves
What I really love about this is I have learned this over and over but just in the context of musical harmony. The concept of fundamental frequencies and their harmonics are the building blocks of music and sound.
3:10 slight correction, they do move smoothly between orbitals, but we are only allowed to observe it in a discrete state, not in a transition. Detecting an electron halfway through a transition has a 50% chance of being seen as the old state and 50% chance of being seen as the new state. One third the way through the transition is 33/67, etc. The transition is also very fast. Also, trying to measure an electron during the transition might result in the electron being disturbed.
Thanks for adding! I have a question, because electrons can only be excited by a specific amount of energy, if each orbital is a standing wave, when energy is released the electron drops down to the next stable harmonic frequency?
No, the jumps is as instantaneous as it can be... and it's impossible to measure an electron "during the transition", for Heisemberg among other reasons
Stop pls
It's not a jump. It is an emergent event. The electron exists not as a ball but as a cloud (of probability) around the nucleus. That cloud takes certain shapes based on harmonic oscillations at each "orbital” (better is envelopment). Just like what was shown on the ring, the shapes manifest as discrete forms at each discrete envelopment level. There is no continuous transition taking place whereupon one shape transitions (morphs) into another (at a different orbital).
@@raeStrong Yes, but the process is not instantaneous. As the electron releases energy in the form of a photon, it simultaneously moves to the lower state. The electron loses a specific amount of momentum to the photon. By E=pc, the massless form of E=mc^2, and conservation of energy, the loss of momentum is a loss of energy. Because the electron now has less energy, it is no longer stable in its current orbital. Think of orbitals as specific shapes, and electrons orbiting atoms behave more like waves. That shape is not stable for a lower energy wave, so the loss of momentum “swooshes” the wave into a different shape, which is a gradual process (very fast though).
@@TheChzoronzon The jumps are not instantaneous. The evolution of an electron through time is given by the Schrödinger equation, which is continuously différentiable for all finite potentials. As the electron behaves more like a wave when captured by an atom, its state necessarily changes gradually. The amount of time that the transition takes is inversely proportional to the energy lost/gained. In natural units, it is apparent that for the transition to last one Planck time, a change of one Planck energy is required. I’ll let you infer how much energy is required for a zero time transition.
What you may be confusing it with is the measurement of the electron state and the electron state itself. We can only measure an electron’s energy at discrete values because during a transition, its energy is not well-defined. It is only well-defined once it has settled into a stable state. In-between states are definitely possible, but they are unstable, which is why we cannot measure an electron as being in those states. Also recall that by interacting with the electron, which is required to measure something about it, you disturb its evolution through time; can you then see the slippery slope that implies that measurements are instantaneous?
I am in my last semester of Biochem in CSUF and one of the classes they have us take is called Physical Chemistry 2 and we are week 6 out of 16 and we have learned this EXACT video! It's so great actually knowing what this wonderful man is saying and knowing all the equations and models we use to figure this stuff out. A true marvel of explanations!
This also is me high as a kite but I truly was super happy knowing what this man was talking about. I always like chemistry but I am happy that I will do it for a good chunk of my life :)
You got a rare thumbs up and subscription! Nice one :D
That's exactly how I see it in my mind, a fuzzy sort of constant wave
As a chemical engineer now working in software development, this brings back good memories. Thanks. 🙂
Hmm, so my tinnitus is me hearing atomic standing waves in my head?
This lesson actually just came up today in my chemistry class, thanks for letting me have a better understanding of it.
same, actually. I think he's trying to time videos with the school curriculum to get more views? or just a lucky coincidence
WOW! My company developed the only 100% Ion Propelled, Flying, Vehicles with onboard power. I'm constantly trying to understand better how electrons and ions work, and this video was really enlightening. Thank you!
The thing I love most about this guy and his channel is just how much and how easy he makes it to learn about some very complicated and intricate scientific subjects. I think it's because he presents the information just like a good friend who is telling you something important and you need to listen. It's refreshing how the videos get the message across without a crazy amount of loud noises and effects that can be distracting. I really appreciate all the time and effort put into each of these fascinating videos! Bravo!
The world is even simpler. There are no quarters, electrones, atoms, molecules, chemical compounds, cells, algae, worms, amphibians, fauna, mammals. All these are standing waves and they change under the influence of the composer who creates live concert here and now
There are no cases, there are laws that create our illusion of the world.
Using a vibrating wire loop to visualize electron orbital is great idea. Demonstrating it is great work. There is no image (how it look like) of electron in whole video.
No joke this explanation is amazing.
2:00 In case anyone if wondering, the black object to the left of the generator is a loudspeaker coil.
This is quite possibly the best and simplest visual explanation I have seen for this topic.
Dude just explained quantisation, orbitals, and wave functions with a metal ring.
Mad respect.
That's also the principle behind generation of lasers. You excite the electrons to move to a higher energy orbit, and when they fall back to the stable orbit, they release their absorbed energy as light, which is specific to the atom involved. This is how you get different color lasers.
yeah I think it's phase change. It explains why every type of phase change goes against thermodynamics.
This channel has really matured. Super awesome explanation of a really complex concept. Love your work man.
It is important to appreciate that there is something physical vibrating (that is the particle that contains mass). The mode of vibration or oscillation is simply the trajectory of the particle. It is the trajectory that describes the standing wave. So, to be clear: the particle is not the wave, but it is traveling in a trajectory that is wave shaped. If we measure the position of the electron the wave disappears because we have intercepted the motion of the particle.
Wonderful analogy. So visual, so intuitive! Thanks and congrats for your wonderful channel!
The modes are due to the angular parts of the wavefunction commonly known as spherical harmonics.
Great stuff! Also illustrates probability functions!
Superposition is the natural state of matter. Any time matter is unbound it exists in a wave or cloud-like state. Electrons exist as a kind of electron-cloud because of this. They exist in equal probability points where the probability is equally likely for an electron to be at one point as it is at another, existing, essentially, at all such equal points simultaneously. This continues until something alters the electron or atom as a whole, such as molecular bonding or ionization.
I postulate that the "big bang" may have been the universe stuck ENTIRELY in such a cloud-like state until there was one point that reached a 100% probability, forcing the clouds of improbability to collapse and release a TON of energy while doing so.
Best science teacher ever!
As someone who's done a whole degree in physics, including 5 courses of quantum, this is a REALLY GOOD analogy that has an extremely deep correspondence with the actual quantum physics of electron orbitals. It's rare to see such a presentation that doesn't really require any math background, but addresses the topic in such a relevant way!
seeing this really is electrifying
The video is 6 mins long and you commented 2 mins after posting? 💀👀
@@xizumix built diff :OOO
@@xizumix x2 speed and skipped the Ad. Makes sense...
I studied my degree in molecular biology and organic chemistry synthesis in post grad and have never had any of the professionals able to explain something seemingly complicated on such a simple and understandable way. And many have tried.
It's a true testament that teaching is a skill unto itself and that just because someone is an expert on something doesn't mean they're qualified to teach it.
Cheers for the video.
I love this channel 'cause it has simple experiments for kids, as well as for adults.
Anything *interesting* goes...
Thank you for making this, to see the ring vibrate and the analogy to the electron position, such a simple visual method, makes it easily understood
Great explanation action lab! Your experiments are beautiful supplements to your explanation too.
my god such a clear way to understand orbitals, holy cow...
man you rock, such a genius way to explain complex stuff in a simple manner
Love your content and how easy you make it to understand. I do have a favor to ask, could you possibly do a video on cymatics? It's the study of physical effects of sound. I absolutely love cymatics and I feel like you could make a great video about it. I think lots of people would enjoy seeing how different sounds create different shapes. I did a project in high school on it and used an electric keyboard with an auxiliary audio output connected to a set of plate speakers and it was crazy cool. Didn't win the science fair, but I did get 3rd. It was cool seeing how the left and right channels were different when I used an mp3 instead of my electric keyboard. Watching the sand dance around into various shapes was something I'll never forget. People often forget how powerful sound really is.
As a physicist this is exactly what i was thinking happens as an electron. I also think that charge depends on the even or odd state of the standing wave.
exactly no such thing as protons or neutrons just different states of the same thing
@funnycatvideos5490 right. This is why I often found it funny when cern is coming up with new discovered particles. You hit it on the nose.
I’ve been through chemistry, physics, and organic chemistry and this blew my mind! Thank you!
😊
I have NEVER seen such an elegant description of orbitals! All in a 6:30 second video. Just WOW!
Now this is more the Action Lab I like.. :) Beautiful stuff. Thank you! (Even a worthy sponsor this time!)
No, not even remotely. Better Help is not what it says it is. Look it up, there's a significant amount of controversy around Better Help.
@@nikkiofthevalley dang. Controversy. That's crazy. Yawn. It's therapy.
@@nikkiofthevalley :( Well.. ok.. but still a worthier sponsor than FBIvpn... and the movie Twilight. He's right about the mental health issues we're facing.. Any help is sometimes better than no help at all if you're far away from everyone..
@@mitchellsteindler When people are in a mentally vulnerable state and their mental health is coerced by paying an exorbitant fee rather than trying to get them someone to talk to it's not therapy-- it's abuse and should be illegal. The company should not exist in the state it does and I would encourage people to stay away from using their services.
Standing waves around the nucleus.. Wow!! Brilliantly demonstrated.
1:11 did you just assume my age?
I love when people try to explain a concept or idea from a different perspective
it helps a lot to understand it better and deeper
you rock, I love all of your simple explanations for any topic and always make science interesting! Thank you! Also, nice shirt LOL
To my knowledge, the electron has never been directly observed. Never. Ever. In over 100 years since its discovery. We have measured its mass, its, spin, its charge, and its effects upon other particles. But we have never measured it size; indeed, it may be infinitesimally small. So what do you mean, saying. "What Does An Electron Look Like", when you cannot answer that question?
I had a chemisty test today this is exactly what came in the test lol
im in 11th-ncert
Indians learn engineering in highschool
@@WHITEDEVIL-zq5hi lol yeah
@@WHITEDEVIL-zq5hi False, it's not even close to the E of engineering
However still near the half E
And before you say anything else, I'm Indian myself
@@iacAon arre, just sayin like, we are taught too much than required....words pe nai emotions pe jao bhai
@@WHITEDEVIL-zq5hi Your words were more than enough misleading to cause deviation of one's thoughts from trying to understand you
I am just going to post this first before watching the video. The electron is shaped exactly like the thing designed to carry it. The Red Blood Cell. It is a catenoid just like the top load on a Telsa coil. Just like the electron it is a Toroid! There I said it now, I will watch the video.
everything is a toroid. There's a reason why they appear literately everywhere you look. Even the words coming out of your mouth wrap around the air toroid ALLY
Me: Where you gonna be next time I look?
Electron: Place your bets 😁
I love how my music tech degree gives me a huge stepping stone in understanding physics
5:17 - 5:35 finally helped me understand the orbital types and to stop seeing it like a planet orbiting a star . Thank you
You just explained eletron and orbital with real life visible analogy no other person or video has ever explained. Really appreciate you efforts.
Wonderful visualization! Thanks!
Another question that arises is, if an electron oribital is a standing wave..........what's a free electron?
I’ll start with I’m not very smart so this might sound dumb but electrons totally sound like it’s a field that gets agitated at resonance frequencies.
Yep no such thing as electron they call that scaler waves 100 years ago now they call it quantum levels and standing waves the original terminology described it better
This video is PURE GOLD in physics dissemination videos.
I haven't done the math, but I always thought the reason for discrete orbitals was because for atoms of a given charge, only specific orbit radii allowed for a match between speed and speed of light distance to the far side of the orbit such that there was a destructive interference of the electromagnetic emission and a resulting keeping of the kinetic energy withing the electron. When something happens to drop the electron slightly down in orbit energy, it is gonna emit in a big @&*$ hurry until it dissipates enough energy to be in the next lower orbit. The obvious problem of my past understanding is there is no lower orbit to descend to below the base energy level.
I compare it to phase change and how it breaks thermodynamics laws over and over. the medium itself controls the orbital levels there is no other explanation. you will see the nodes at 3 6 and 9. it's like there is some framework in place that controls and only allows those orbitals that create standing waves. it always jumps right into place at the only at the right frequency. it's really funny how it behaves like lattices in nature. Tesla was really close to this with his frequency and vibration ideas.
This is probably the best description of an atom I've ever heard. I feel like I understand them better now. Thank you for doing this.
I suppose if you painted a dot in a random part of the circle and made it vibrate you would still get a cloud, but if you took a picture with a very high shutter speed you would see the point in the circle being somewhere in the "cloud". I think that would make a great analogy for the collapse of the wave function
oh my god. this was probably the most beautiful, instantly understandable examples in science education ever. you’ve made my day, wow well done! Such a practical way of showing something that’s downright mystical.
Wow! How you explain a complicated topic in simple words with straightforward examples is commendable. I remember reading this in the first year of college but I never truly understood it and after many years I understood the concept in just 6 minutes video.
Drop particles onto the ring, they will bounce differently off the nodes, giving you an enhanced visual..
💀 *"YOU'RE MORE THAN PICOSECONDS OLD"* 😹and I died laughing
You are so awesome to take the time and share your understanding. You are so appreciated.
This example gave me a better understanding of electron and wave equations, thanks a lot.
This is the best explanation of electron discreet interval orbits I have ever seen.
I've a Ph.D. in physics, and I must say your analogy is a very good example of quantization of energy of an electron orbital, using an ingenious resonant device we can see clearly. Keep it up!
what would a standing wave in a sphere look like?
Humans: the electrons orbit.
Electrons: "I'm givin' off good vibrations"
Basically an investigator can decifer exactly how many steps, breathes, and heart beats you took during a murder if there's video
What a great analogy. Having done mechanical engineering I get how structures have resonant frequencies and I can see how the ring has resonances at certain frequencies. But to use this as an analog for electrons is just clever.
Genius demonstration with the ring!
I didn't expect a quantum physics lesson to make this much sense, but here we are
Please create a video on Shrodinger Wave equation
can we respect that this guy can manage to make such an informative and serious video, whilst wearing a Mario Kart t-shirt
This is the best practical analogy that I have seen. Thanks for all the amazing content.
When I was in school I pictured atoms like a solar system. Eventually I started picturing them like the planet Saturn. Then as a rubber band ball where each rubber band is vibrating at a different frequency. This is a good video demonstrating how frequencies affect the electrons. I feel that there’s so much I cannot grasp. Good thing we have smart people studying these things!
Thank you for giving a basic, comprehensible quantum mechanical description of electron. Please make more such contents. 😀
super well explained, as usual, thanks!
feels like this needs a part 2
WTF is that therapist adv... That's more mindblowing than the resonating circle.
If the earth were an electron, the sun could be its nucleus.
Fun fact: the words electric, electricity, electron, etc come from the Greek word for amber _ήλεκτρον_ (ēlektron).
Positive and Negative Charge
Suggestion that charge is more fluid and less concrete then we thought - more shifting and switching about, and less confined to any specific location - more like a traveling magnetic field than a separate spot for negative charge and another spot for positive.
My previous posts, part of a bigger connected idea - see summary at end - is that photons, electrons and positrons, are all three the same thing in different form.
Further I add that the positron with a positive charge and the electron with a negative charge shift back and forth in the atom, like two entangled particles.
This suggests solutions for certain problems:
They include:
SPIN , SUPERPOSITON, THE MISSING ANTI MATTER, ELECTRON WAVES PER SHELL, and THE UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE.
The electron orbital holds two electrons with opposite spin, one electron has spin up, the other has spin down. They also have a magnetic moment.
Suggestion that spin up is an electron and spin down is a positron, or vice versa. That would suggest why there is a limit of 2 per orbital. There are 2 charges.
This concerns the two slit experiment. How can one photon interfere with itself in superposition?
Suggestion that It could if that photon had converted to an electron positron pair. And the electron and positron annihilated each other and converted back to a photon energy, and back and forth.
Where is the missing anti matter?
Suggestion that it's in every atom, and that every electron has an entangled positron.
(See summary for suggestion that both protons and neutrons are made of electron positrons, instead of quarks.)
Certain wavelengths fit each electron she'll. The suggestion is that the wave of each electron is in reality a two part wave, were the crest, a positron alternates with a trough, the electron. They bounce back and forth as the wave travels the shell.
The uncertainty principle suggests we can't know both the position and momentum of an electron. The idea that electrons and positrons are entangled and switch positions at certain times would support the uncertainty
"The measurement Problem", there have been many theories for why there is a measurement problem, which is in some way the particle versus the wave conceptual understanding. The location and velocity etc. cannot be measured unless it is a physical thing (a particle) One of the understandings is that it is a wave spread out across the entire universe until it is measured and then it "collapses" into a particle in a specific local place. Almost seems like a magical fantastic concept. The concept of a magnet is "lines of force" and this can even be demonstrated with iron filings etc. , the lines of force can be seen to loop backwards on each other (between north and south) but in theory the ones in the middle need to traverse the whole universe before they loop back,
This is awesome. I teach chemistry and I hate drawing atoms with little red balls for electrons. My colleagues always say the electron is too abstract for them to understand. However, we don't tell kids the planet is flat and then drop a bomb on them in high school and say, "ok. Check this out! The planet is actually round!" So maybe, if little brains are told electrons are waves vibrating, then by high school quantum mechanics won't be so damn mysterious and weird.
Particle moves as particle-wave system. The wave associated with the particle affects its path but it does not make the particle move on a wavy path. Particle always move in a straight line.
Some of the best channels on UA-cam.
You know a person must be right when they tell you something about atom physics while wearing a Mario Kart shirt.
Props on the Mario Kart shirt! Sign of a great father right there!
This was really informative, helped me understand those electron cloud diagrams
This is the best Intiative picture of QM explained by you so Far .