Evolution of Sharks Over 450 million years! GEO GIRL
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- Опубліковано 30 чер 2024
- A comment on my recent Mesozoic marine reptiles video brought up a great question... Where the heck were sharks at that time? Which brought up additional questions like: where were sharks throughout the entirety of Earth history? When did sharks evolve? What were early sharks like? Were there other animals that ate sharks in Earth history? And if so, when did sharks become the ultimate apex predators of the sea??? In this video, I go through the surprisingly LONG evolutionary history of sharks! Sharks have been around for almost 450 million years! Throughout this time they've made some amazing (and some really bizarre) evolutionary adaptations. So, I hope you enjoy learning about the history of sharks with me! ;)
References:
Earth System History: amzn.to/3v1Iy0G
Emma Bernard, curator of fossil fish at Natural History Museum: www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/shark-...
0:00 Inspiration for video
0:50 First fish (~530 Ma)
2:12 Armored fish (~500 Ma)
3:14 Jawed fish (~430 Ma)
4:40 First sharks (~420 Ma)
5:53 Sharks vs other predators (~400 Ma)
6:51 Devonian extinctions
7:59 Age of sharks (~350 Ma)
10:12 Life on land (~350 Ma)
11:22 Jurassic sharks (~200 Ma)
13:11 Sharks vs sea monsters
14:40 Dinosaur extinction event
16:17 Megalodon
17:04 Modern sharks
17:36 How they lasted 450 million yrs!
GEO GIRL Website: www.geogirlscience.com/ (visit my website to see all my courses, shop merch, learn more about me, & donate to support the channel if you'd like!)
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fish: “I wonder what that crunchy stuff tastes like” *develops jaw*
Bigger Fish:" I wonder what smaller fish taste like" turns into shark
Beetle: "I like plant juice": turns into 10,000 species of weevil.
The anticipation for mention of megalodon was thoroughly satisfied 😌 Wonderful video as always!
Sharks rock, hence why they are on a geology channel 🦈
Merci ⚜
I really hope you know how good your YT channel is. The topics covered, the presentation, your point of difference, your on screen persona (I assume that is just you being you) the preciseness of your language is all absolutely brilliant. Words really do not convey how much I appreciate it. Your own love of the topic is infectious and beams through the screen. I get an immediate emotional response when I see another upload from you.
Thank you does not cover it, but thank you.
Wow this comment truly touched me, I cannot tell you how much I needed to hear that today. I have been kind of going through the motions lately with my channel wondering if it is really having a positive impact like I want it to, but with so much going on I haven't been able to really dive into my comments recently until now, and now that I am, seeing this one really makes me feel like I am still doing good and motivates me to keep going, so thank you!
@@GEOGIRL please know that your content is totally making a difference!!! I really like seeing your videos each week, and I agree with everything spindoctor said. Paleontology has always been something I've been very interested in, and finding your channel has really re-ignited my interest in the subject, as well as in all of the fields of geology!
I should add that this is one of the few science channels that just provide interesting information (though in a very engaging way) without the "bells and whistles" which so many producers and creators seem to think are necessary.
It's always a delight to hear you discuss a topic and prove, once more, geology is more than rocks. I never thought of sharks as being prey for mosasaurs, but that would have provided evolutionary pressure for them to become faster and more agile, traits that have served them well as apex predators.
Massive death across all of Earth.
Sharks: "Oh no! Anyways..."
hahaha so true! 😂
Sharks are truly some of the most epic creatures to have ever existed. A creature that is not only more ancient than the dinosaurs, but also managed to outlive them as well. I’ve seen the jaws and even held real teeth of Megalodon, a true giant apex predator that had little to fear. They really are the stuff of legends. 🌊🦈
Great video ❤ If you could add a deep dive into the coelacanth to your list of future videos, looking at their evolution, etc, and what differences the living species have when compared to the fossil record, that would be awesome 😊
7:14 left graphic is the height of GG's existence
Thank you for making this video!! I love sharks 🦈!
Very interesting subject and nice to see you again thank you geo girl
Rachel: I also understand that roughly 19 million years ago, sharks had an extinction event of their own. Over 70 percent of the pelagic, or open-water, shark species disappeared, and their abundance dropped by 90 percent. I’m not too sure how well substantiated this event is. If so, any thoughts on possible causes. Also…just returned from South Sudan where I observed some of the most amazing geology my eyes have ever seen.
I really like the content of you videos. Thanks for the effort and sharing them with us!
welcome back. I imagine your research work is gone very well. now I go to watch your vidwo/lesson.
0:53 That early fish looks like some sort of worm adapted to swimming. 🤔
I want to see you on the big networks, good work
Another amazing video! 😮
During my college days, geology major friends were enjoying field trips and coming back with Mesozoic shark teeth. We in geophysics only did gravity or magnetic surveys of salt domes or culverts, never cool outcrops with shark teeth ☹️
I love your breadth and depth of knowledge. All I can remember from childhood some 65-odd years ago is Mosasaurs and Plesiosaurs. All those extinction events make me uneasy.
You are awesome and your editing is better and better at each video! Keep those video coming! Viva GEO GIRL! 🙂
Thank you so much! So glad to hear that! :D
Quite fascinating - thank you very much for sharing this new awesome video! I never did add this together: 420 or even 450 million years - just wow! BTW 9:15 great that you show the new reconstruction of Dunkleosteus here, whereas the Mosasaurus in 14:25... ;-)
On a side note, that so-often-used depiction of Tiktaalik is really weird. It looks like it's emerging from a near-vertical wall of water, but right next to it, those reeds are growing out of a clearly normal horizontal water surface. M.C. Esher would be proud!
Good eye
Wow, you got a new studio look with nothing less than a mapamundi of Europe and I myself starring a bit above to your right shoulder. Ah, the sea of little fires...
Yay! Geo Girl is back. Question: What on Earth did sauropodlets eat to get so big? Ferns, cycads, moss? Body building fare? They had to get from something the size of a small dog to bigger than a house as quickly as possible. A non exhaustive search yields very little. Most curious.
Great question! I'll have to do some research, but maybe that could be a future video ;D
@StevieAF: “Question: What on Earth did sauropodlets eat to get so big? Ferns, cycads, moss? Not body building fare.”
Largest extant land animals are herbivores. Chomping on leaves and grass can build up big bodies.
@@gene108 Largest extant land animals lactate.
"Jaws changed a lot of things." Thus, the name.
Fish don't exist ♥ Love the video - ur content is awesome! 🥰
I use metric system (I live in Spain) and I want to the thank you to mention both measure systems when you talk about sizes. I love your videos! :)
You are very welcome! (I have not always been great about remembering to do that, but I am trying to make sure that in this and all future videos, I will do that) :D Thanks for showing your appreciation :)
I know the continents have moved a lot over that huge time period, and that means seas/oceans have been created and lost too.
Out of curiosity, how much did geography of these ancient seas play a part in species in them surviving and also potentially becoming extinct?
That is such a wonderful question, I am not sure exactly, but I will look into it and potentially make that a future video :D Thanks for the idea!
I wish I could make some comment to contribute to the conversation but your knowledge base on this subject matter is far more significant than mine.
Fascinating!
great story!
thanks for the video :)
Rachel you forgot to mention the current mass extinction caused by humans I think sharks will make it with or without conservation efforts because they survived the previous mass extinctions just fine and they will survive into the very distant future possibly being the last vertebrate
0:00
Orcas: Come again?
Yes, you nailed the pronunciation of chimaera
Yay! Thanks :D
That intro picture with the turtle/porpoise/whatever-Brits-call-it top-left makes me wonder what the biggest turtle like thing ever was.
Cool your back, I thought that you would be longer!!! Are sharks placoderm descended? You made it sound like jaws evolves from placoderms but that would still have them remove their aerial organ and bones. Could you do a vertebrate video? This felt like a partial rubric video.
A vertebrate video is a wonderful idea! Thanks :D
Also, oops, sorry I didn't mean to make it sound like sharks evolved from placoderms. They did not, placoderms evolved from armored fish, but armored fish and the fish that evolved into sharks were two branches that diverged from earlier fish long before sharks came around, so sharks and armored fish were not related at all (to my understanding) :)
The last statement that sharks are not related to armored fish can be questioned . It is a very complex topic and new data is recently muddying the waters. There certainly could be a relationship.
@@donaldbrizzolara7720 How interesting, good to know!
Your videos are awesome. Thanks
hey i really like sharks sharks are my favorite anmial this brings back memories of watching shark week when iwas in high school i really liked watching this video i didnt know sharks were around 450 million years ago thank you for this video
Amazing video! I would love to see one like this but about the evolution of turtles!
Where do you find the time to make these and write and be a puppy-wrangler? Lovely video
When you say you relatively recently made a video, that could be like anytime within the last 200 million years 😊
Hahaha true ;)
naw , On this channel a recent event would be more like sixty five million years old.
A video about the evolution of cats next?
Love that idea! ;D
@@GEOGIRL Well they are a major land preditator. Could you explain why my cat attacks me even after feeding him and letting him sleep in a nice comfortable bed!!
@@GEOGIRLalso maybe a detailed video all about eurypterids please
@@GEOGIRLThe account "SeaScienceFilmLabs", a little further down, is a creationist science denier, I would suggest removing your "like" from his comment and blocking his account.
Canines too
Have you done a video on the evolution of orca?
Thanks for this nice overview of sharks history 👍
Btw how is your defense ? 😌
Thanks for asking! My actual defense is not until November 17th, but the preparation is going well! I am super excited to get done and start my postdoc position :D
@@GEOGIRL Great 😊
I wonder.. if Ostracoderms evolved Armor... why did they need it ? probably a predator . And if a 33ft Placoderm needed armor... WTH was he afraid of ? No snorkeling for me. ! Thanks.. fun stuff.
Great slides. Are these PowerPoint? How do you set everything up to look so good?
Orca:. Am I a joke to you?
PLEASE do a video on LIPS! (Large Igneus Provinces)
Hey GeoGirl. I'd be really interested in a video about how cold-blooded fish like herring, cod, haddock etc. can be constantly active in cold seas that cold-blooded reptiles - if they fell in - would go into torpor and drown in. Indeed, that unlucky humans freeze and drown in - due to the cold.
Ahhhhh, sharks are endlessly fascinating, from the Megalodon to the Greenland shark to the whale shark to the hammerhead to the angel shark. 🥰🦈
Have you heard some reports about how great white sharks might have vacated areas now dominated by orcas, and that some people think orcas might be the true apex predator? 🤯 | By the way, are you familiar with the work Marie Tharp did on mapping the ocean floor, and of the implications it had for plate tectonics, and the controversy over her role not being adequately recognized? 😯
I was aware of her contribution but not the controversy over her role not being adequately recognized (although I can't say I am surprised). I hope it becomes increasingly appreciated with time :)
Also, yes, orcas are pretty impressive! Maybe next I'll make a video about their role as apex predators :)
Like many scientists, Marie Tharp was recognized mainly later in life. Her awards include:
1978 - National Geographic Society’s Hubbard Medal
1996 - Society of Woman Geographers Outstanding Achievement Award
1999 - Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution’s Mary Sears Woman Pioneer in Oceanography Award
2001 - Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Heritage Award[30]
Yeah, she obviously got completely ignored 🤣
"Tiktaalik" means "next to the sea" :D
Cool! I didn't know that :D
Nice!!!!!😀
Maybe this is something you answer in your other videos, but just in case I will ask it here. Can we define a fundemental form for all life so that we can create a model that allows to adjust all the parts to every degree to see all possible forms of life? It would have to look alot like the environment right? The gravity field is the one thing I know that connects all matter, so any permanent solutions will have to connect with the gravity field right?
“Don’t laugh at us you hairless apes. This is evolutionary biology and we all have our “things”. I mean really, what’s up with sweat glands?” - Professor Helicoprion
Probably the worst constructed joke every…😂 Just got back from digging for petrified wood in the Blue Forest of Wyoming and it’s always a great time think on geology and how all the processes work. If you haven’t seen petrified wood from the Blue Forest then you need to look it up. It’s amazing! Hard to dig, but amazing! It comes from the Eocene when Wyoming was a lush rainforest. You should do a video on petrified wood if you haven’t already. (Sorry, but I can’t remember)
Fun video
*Orcas laughing at "apex predator" comment*
... Yeah, DELICIOUS apex predators!!
0:00
Woman, I want you to know Orcas know where every bathtub is, I dare you to say that again.
this was awesome and very well done. i'd much rather watch this sort of stuff than any teenage girl showing of her "haul" i must say.
however, the biggest / badest thang in the ocean is not sharks not even the great white. the top dog in the world's oceans is the ORCA / KILLER WHALE. we now know sharks are far more intelligent than what was thought in the past and the orca is the only sea creature that sharks actually fear and avoid. there are orcas that are literally serial killers and great whites are mincemeat when they're attacked they don't even fight back. then once a shark is killed (they often torture them to death but they only eat the liver) other sharks will avoid the area for months (how other sharks know a shark has been killed is a mystery).
great vid but just thought i'd add that. i'm a geek too lu me some animal kingdom.
🤯... when you find out sharks are older than trees...
It beggars belief to imagine megalodon could still exist and none have been caught.
High viral probability!
Are fish frens or foods tho 🤔
I say friend ;)
Apex critters use to go extinct the next mass extinction, so the sharks should regret this. Evolution is just a random gamble.
😎
Sharks are a great example of a “Living Fossil!” 👍
Along with pretty Much all aquatic forms… And trees… And animals…
“Common Ancestry of All Life” is hilarious to believe when considering the fossils found…
@@SeaScienceFilmLabsSharks are not "living fossils", you clearly don't understand what you're talking about. Modern sharks evolved from older species of sharks. Why are you even here if you don't believe in evolution?
@@macgonzo 🤣 Why are You Making a weak attempt at gaslighting Me, instead of realizing that Sharks have been found in sedimentary layers supposed to be “Hundreds of Millions of Years Old..?” 🍎
After all, it’s Not “Up to Me” to educate You about the various fossils of still Modern forms that have been found… 😁 👋
Are You aware of the number of remnants of still Modern Living Forms that have been found if Fossil Form? 🍎 I am…
@@macgonzo Check out the “Six~Gilled Shark” if You appreciate learning about Marine Biology.
Your empty denial doesn’t “Make Sharks ‘Not’ Living Fossils.” 🤣
I’m here because I appreciate Science, and GeoGirl’s presentations: Why are You here, if You don’t believe that “Shark fossils have been discovered in Geological Layers, supposed Hundreds of Millions of Years Old?” 🍎 😁 🎣
@@macgonzo _”Great video © If you could add a deep dive into the coelacanth to your list of future videos, looking at their evolution, etc, and what differences the living species have when compared to the fossil record, that would be awesome!!!”_ ~MacGonzo {2023}
🤣 Oh, I see!
Now, I understand the extent of Your understanding of “Living Fossils…”
“Lazarus Fossils” are also an interesting and parallel but separate topic from “Living Fossils.”
I’d be More interested in some of the Trees and their identifiable leaves that have been found in Geological Lenses supposed to be “Hundreds of Millions of Years Old…”
Or, the “Venomous Shrew…”
Peak
can i ask how old you are?
Hrm. Are they though? Killer whales kinda walk the dinosaur all over sharks. Either way, I'm listening..
Remake 'Jaws' in Latin and call it 'Placoderm'
First sentence wrong, I'm afraid. The biggest thing in the ocean isn't sharks.
When great white was white bait
I think your professional geoscience vocabulary is as comprehensive as that of a medical degree.
Thank you! Making these videos certainly helps at lot :D
Killer 🐳 eat 🦈.
Great video. But, actually, there's no such thing as a fish! Taxonomically, phylogenetically and in evolutionary terms, "fish" has no actual meaning. It's a colloquial term. Gould decided this after a life time studying those scaly things that swim in the sea and lakes!
But we all know what we mean!
{:o:O:}
Haha true, but I always find more people watch and like my videos when I use colloquial terms over official taxonomical categories (I think just because they wouldn't even know what the taxinomical group names are haha), but you're right I should've at least mentioned that it's not an official category, my bad! Thanks for mentioning it here in the comments ;)
Hi beautiful girl
Aw yes, The evolution of life out of context, fish on Land...
Mosasaurs make sharks look like little weak boneless guppy fish. Pathetic...