spanning without steel & shuttering- rohtak domes: the detailed construction process
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- Опубліковано 7 чер 2019
- our attempts at promoting an existing construction system as an alternative for pukka roofing without steel and shuttering while using locally available skills and materials and, in a way, reinforcing concerns of carbon footprint and social equity.
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our initial journey in exploring spanning without steel & shuttering techniques has been documented in our blog-
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thanks for watching!
I’m struggling to understand why it doesn’t collapse under its own weight while being built.
Compression forces are directed both circularly and radially.
I believe they progress with only a few rows at a time, then wait for it to dry.
@@KoushikPaulliveandletlive Nope, they do it from start to finish. Trick is that the bricks are completely dry and the mortar haves 2/5 of cement with sand, very sticky.
@@JayKTS Thats what they are doing in the video... Im not interested in convicing anybody of something that i dont care at all.
@@henryrollins9177 yes, you are right the brick is required to be completely dried. during the selection process of the bricks the masons placed the samples in a bucket of water to check their ability to retain water and selected accordingly. the most plausible explanation to this is that the brick absorbs the water in the rich cement mortar which increases the adhesion between the two materials. As they complete 3 concentric rows they put cement mortar on top and spray it with water (9:37) so the cement mortar in the joint does not crack since the brick has partly absorbed the water. It is a mix of this and the pure form geometry of the dome which in turn helps distribute the forces evenly across the assembly.
Wow I'm a Mason I do some brick but not like that . My head is bowed to you gentlemen !! I do stone are arches but I use metal lintels . I have used wood forms .
You are masters ! Teach me the Jedi way ! 👍🇺🇸
You're way too kind. I'm sure if you tried this on your own, you'll be able to nail it too, after a few tries.
But he hardly would make 200 to 300 dollars a month...
He is Using Dried Bricks... And the Cement Mixture being used has Good Quantity of Water than the Normal mixture used. All he is doing is Sticking dried bricks to the cement mixture. Brick absorbs water and cement sticks to it firmly...
@@FAIZANHASAN92 I agree. This construction should be outlawed as a profligate and wanton use of cement. Cement production is highly damaging to the environment. Does anybody want to join me in writing an appeal to the country's authorities with a view to stopping this type of roofing?
@@happyharry5153 no
And the bending is done by eye...respect, from a builder by trade.
Well, if you can't eyeball it, you can use the string. Fix the string to the center of the room on the floor, bring the nail on the string up to the layer you're working on, hold the brick in place with one hand and score it in an arc with the nail on the string. Then you can chip the part you don't need off.
Isn’t that something!
William Barnes I suppose that the scaffold wouldn’t be in the way for the string. Just wondering.
What about water drainage?
We have forgotten 1000times more than we know
As a bricklayer I am amazed at this pure skill and craftsmanship 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻
Every ring is conic. It's a 2000 year old technique and the dome of the Pantheon in Rome was built like that.
These guys are artists.
Om Namo Bhagavate a technique that the Persians have technically spawned back in ekbatana (Hamedan) 2000 years ago👍
@@OccupyMars2035 I have seen some remarkable examples in Iran. These techniques could be seen from Rome to India, but very few have retained the knowledge.
In 1400 an entire dome was built this way, but the architect hid the works so that nobody could repeat it.
Look at S. Maria Novella in Florence.
@@OmNamoBhagavate That tends to be the issue, many old building styles were forgotten not because they were actually forgotten but the way they were made were jealously guarded and then lost only to be rediscovered either through experimentation or by reverse engineering.
A good number of castle builders in europe were either imprisoned or killed after they finished their jobs so their secrets weren't spread.
I think they used some scaffolding for the dome of the Pantheon.
These guys are using the "bóveda catalana".
@@AutoFirePad the dome of the Pantheon is made out of concrete and it has a more ball shaped appearance
This is a beauty of old school engineering!
True skills make a difference between total failure and success.
Reminds me a bread making. So easy from a side. But to make it perfect - so many small things should be considered
I had attended a workshop where we had to build two types of domes, one on a circular base and the other on a square base with pendentives at the 4 corners( to get a circular ring). For the latter, we needed a level tube to maintain the levels on all 4 corners, and most of us got it wrong. It's astounding to see these guys do it without any level instrument. Awesome!
ua-cam.com/video/fiw5WWmThao/v-deo.html
Nothing short of Artisanal Genius. May the skill never be lost
@Mark Peacock Look's like you've met every mason man who's ever existed
Impressive how the ring is built into the dome using just brick and mortar. I really like this
He stick, he stack, but most important, he rohtak.
Underrated comment
Ooo snap😂
ua-cam.com/video/pzPMDZCZP1k/v-deo.html&feature=share
Shit... lol
oh god
The world is a fantastic place don’t ever lose the cultural skills
I love watching people work that just know what the hell they are doing. These guys do, they deserve a beer.
Okay, watching the process with a keen eye i picked up a few things...
1, Before the first ring is complete, the corners appear to be built as independent arches, so those need no real assistance to be supported. (6:30)
2, Once the first ring has been completed, brick geometry then becomes far more important. (7:40)
3, The cement mix is also critical, it needs to be very adhesive, must harden reasonably quickly and not shrink too much when dry. (8:30)
4, I suspect the cement shrinking is part of the reason they render the top immediately while also spraying to keep it moist. (9:30)
So why does it not fall in? Put simply, physics... The reason a single brick doesn’t fall in when being placed is the cements adhesion... The reason a whole ring doesn’t fall in once the cement is dry is because of geometry, the ring as a whole does not fit through the hole below it.
Zerg everything you wrote is true, good observations. However, it is mortar, cement is just an ingredient.
Dexter Rutecki - I stand corrected.
Zerg it's still not the type of structure I would want a heavy snow load on or be in during an earthquake. Very pretty and works in India.
Dexter Rutecki - Oh you won’t get argument from me there. I certainly wouldn’t be sleeping under that thing if it was the start of winter in finland.
Bravo!
What a pleasure to see such skilled masons @work! Keep going, I hope you will be able to find continuous work and other masons willing to learn yours high skills.
Cheers from Marseille, France
Thank you so much!
Beautiful - true artists and masters - acknowledements and appreciation from across the border - thanks for sharing
This is absolutely master craftmanship as has disappeared from Europe completely! What You do guys is utterly impressive and I salutere you!
I’m glad this is on film for people to witness.
the idea is to proliferate these techniques of construction and bring about a discussion in the mainstream discourse as an alternative for spanning roof.
To see it all done by eye, without formwork, steel and spirit levels is very impressive.
Nobody here appreciating how precisely those craftsmen stay to the rise of their dome with no template? I think that inaccuracies strongly compromise the strength of this structure.
strength for what ?
@Roderick storey
Except in the foothills of the Himalayas, India is not famous for its snowfall. BTW, rooftops are different there. As for rain, it's a problem if the roof is flat. Here, it's a dome not a pool. Water flows naturally outside. A dome (or an arch) can't collapse. Its weakest point are the walls that take all the forces. Moreover, this method of construction is ancestral. If it didn't work, don't you think they would have done it differently?
So strength for what? ==> For their needs. That's obviously enough
Pana Cotta he’s referring to the rise in each level being consistent, otherwise the compressive forces would not evenly transfer throughout the structure. But they do use a template, the string at center.
Id love to try seeing a couple of these done, challenging maybe but it looks pretty simple once its set out properly 👌
Some of the cuts could be measured and cut to create a better wedge but as long as its joints are full, an arch is self supporting. I built a voussoir arch and as soon as i pointed it i stood up on top of it to prove its stregnth. It was in my back gerden built on the ground and not on an actual structure.
Amazing technique, loved the dome testing at the end.
This is beautiful craftsmanship and keeping an old tradition alive. Respect!
Thank you. I appreciate your efforts to share the knowledge.
Respect to masons for the skill needed for this. Beautiful results too.
Unbelievable !!!
I cannot understand what science is applied here !!!
I thank you for recording this and uploading, you done a tremendous job, it will help Morden budding Manson to learn and improve on this technique.
You just saved a technic from getting lost.
Thanks again.
No words to praise these skilled men.... Rare & old technique which gives pleasing appearance and texture...
Watching this from London. Brilliant work.
You are colonist! You took all the gold and brilliants from India and now those people only have bricks!
@@vadims8742 lol
@@vadims8742
He didn't do this! I saw it!
@@A1T it's a meme now actually...
@@darkenshine
2020...
What gets me is how the building supports the thrust forces created by an arch or dome. I see that the ring beam that holds the dome is made of concrete, while the rest of the building appears to be normal structural brick. So I am assuming the ring beam is rebar reinforced concrete, and that can handle the thrust force. That means that technically, while the dome is an ancient building method, using it in this way is only possible in the modern day. Previously, the building would've needed massive walls to support the dome.
This is the same technique as Brunelleschi’s dome for the cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence. He built two dome, one inside the other and used herringbone brickwork, an innovation.
Impressive how the men in this video build their dome without any such additional techniques!
Absolutely amazing. And apart the technique, the builder is so skilful. He is a master
Impressive 👌👌 this is the real talent of india. There is a lot of hard work and experience behind these skills. Loved it❤️. Thank You for sharing🙏
This construction should be outlawed as a profligate and wanton use of cement. Cement production is highly damaging to the environment. Does anybody want to join me in writing an appeal to the country's authorities with a view to stopping this type of roofing?
It is one of the old Italy's guys like De Vinci did this, good go with any way👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻👍👍👌👌👌 Amazing handy work.
You guys should be proud of what you are doing! Very marvelous job that you are doing! Thank you.
Oh what a skill to have...outstanding craftmanship alongside patience with each brick to lay in position.
Perfection...100% ! 👍
Blessings to all. 🤗❤🙏🏴 UK
saftey officer on my job site would get a stroke if he sees this...
The west (assuming you are from the west) has strayed too far and slowly India too is drifting that way... luckily we still have some master masons who might be the last ray of hope and the custodians of invaluable traditional knowledge, that is mind-bending! What is really stroke-worthy is the fact that houses in the west are these days made like matchboxes with flimsy timber that will go up in smoke in a jiffy. Soooooo much needs to be done to keep it protected from the elements and termites and bugs and towards thermal insulation. They result in a very heavy Carbon footprint. Conversely, these traditionally build homes and structures are sustainable and eco-friendly. This might come across as an East v/s West run down but is only intended to say that we, in India need to cradle and protect this knowledge before it is wiped out.
That is why your safety officers should be banned from traveling and or communication with ANYONE.
Its amazing how you can keep the angle just right. 👌👍
WOW! That’s a amazing feat of architecture. The skill it takes to do such a thing! I don’t know if many can appreciate this skill...
Am simply baffled. This is simply brilliant and cost effective. I completely understand the principle behind it's design.
I would love to have a ceiling like this.. absolutely beautiful
When you are poor, you have to be cunning and smart to make your wishes come true. Great job !!
Masons wage in India is too low!
Very highly skilled mason earns just a max of 1000 Indian rupees for 8hours which is equal to 13.5USD only
@@zubairsaifi5850 I wish I was a mason rather than being a senior quality inspector in an oil valve manufacturing facility in india who gets paid around Rs700 for a 8 hour shift ! And it's been 10 years in that facility!😐 #damn
@@zubairsaifi5850 I wish I was a mason rather than being a senior quality inspector in an oil valve manufacturing facility in india who gets paid around Rs700 for a 8 hour shift ! And it's been 10 years in that facility!😐 #damn
@@vardhamanist Rs 1000 is for very very highly skilled mason but an average mason wage is around Rs500-600
It’s amazing to see stuff like this so simple yet amazing for just bricks and concrete
very impressed.I am working on bricks and cement and tell you its back breaking work.These young men deserve every money they earn!
Very nice job, and amazing skill to have. Good luck guys!
Thank you sharing knowledge. Liked it.
Brilliant work by very skilled tradesman. Lots of comments about how the bricks stay in place as they are being laid ! It's a combination of many things but the key here is very dry porous bricks and wet sticky mortar. If you laid this brick normally on a wall and waited 30 seconds or a minute and tried to pick it up you would struggle as it would be slightly stuck. As the dome goes up its shape and the forces take care of the rest. I really want to build one now, I would love to spend a week with these guys.
Your technique is smooth. Great work. Beautiful result! Very elegant.
no engineering PhD , no CAD design ,no stress analysis simulation , our ancients figured out HOW to get things done and "WE" are bound to be AMAZED 🙏🇮🇳
Got earthquake it will be disaster for our family. Safety first
@@shiddiqalminsyawi1195 Brick fall on had, disaster for him.
@@shiddiqalminsyawi1195 You are un uneducated moron without any clue about buildings but quick in commenting! There is a ring anchor reinforced with structural steel around the dome. This is earthquake resistant and the dome will not collapse as long as the ring is not broken. This is one of the best constructions to resist long time as the dome even may be shuttered, it will just settle.
@@mucsalto8377 This construction should be outlawed as a profligate and wanton use of cement. Cement production is highly damaging to the environment. Does anybody want to join me in writing an appeal to the country's authorities with a view to stopping this type of roofing?
In Azerbaijan all old houses are built this way.
greetings from the deserts of west texas usa, your crew is very skilled, the roof dome you built is impressive.
Love to watch a professional tradesman work. Amazing.
okay, but how do you turn the gravity off?
They are in moon
@@sajinraj2250 haha😂
God has provided them the switch to turn ON/OFF Gravity. jokes apart, this is called talent, that is polished by lots of hardwork. Experience matters a lot.
@Smile did you see the video? They build a mall roof in one day. But you have your own opinion and comment !!
Gravity doesn't exist 😂
How is it possible without any support/ Shuttering...
Hats up for ur talent.....
@Smile did you see the video? They build a small roof in one day. But you have your own opinion and comment !!
For each course (ring) of brick the wet mortar has enough adhesive strength to hold the bricks in place until the ring is complete. At that point, each brick course is acting as a compression ring with the forces pushing outward. The lateral forces are strong enough to overcome the gravity load. When the entire dome is complete, the rings act together and the forces are distributed in all directions.
Very impressive and economical to build, although I'm a little surprised that they rely on running bond for the brickwork - headers would make the whole thing easier to construct.
@Smile Architect here w. 40+ years experience . If you want to see a real magic trick check out how the dome at the Florence Cathedral was built. Double shell brick masonry built without formwork. You can take a tour and climb between the two shells all the way up to the cupola on top. The cupola (they called it a lantern) is like a cork in a bottle and it keeps the whole thing from collapsing. Long span Renaissance magic by Brunelleschi.
Where I found there Mason plz tell these ph. No.
@@billdek thanks. It is refreshing to read an informed comment here.
That is excellent work! Thank you for showing it.
These people are real engineer.. Hats off 🧢 lots of love and respect.. 🙏
Skills. Ancient techniques that have proven themselves. Much ancient knowledge was lost during the Dark Ages or who knows where we would be now.
Visit india for ancient practices....😁✌😁
@@helpinghand862 The Arabs were the most advanced and then they went backwards. They still haven't caught up.
@@helpinghand862 I'm not going to India any time soon, but I get updates about it from the guy that runs my liquor store.
SUPER!!! Szacunek dla murarza, to jest mistrzostwo.
Incredible watching such skill tradesmen work their art!
VERY VERY IMPRESSIVE ~ AND QUITE BEAUTIFUL.
OSHA: *heavy breathing*
J M the engineer in me would not want to be anywhere near these during an earthquake.
Amazing...... Can't believe such type of skills do exist... Even it cannot be thought of.... Well done...👍
Fasinating to watch! Those gentlemen are highly skilled craftsman! I salute them!👍😄
Always appreciate the value of genuinely skilled workers. My thoughts however are how this type building can stand during and earthquake.
Literally no one:
UA-cam at 3 a.m.: Hey, you wanna see people laying bricks?
Heck it's 3:29 am as I read this
2:55 am for me
Incredible craftsmanship, they are highly skilled at what they do. The end result from inside looks beautiful, such a nice change to a normal white ceiling.
Thought I would just watch a mnute or so. Not possible. Absolutely mesmerising!!
awesome amazing mind-blowing respects from Pakistan
For those why the structure just doesn’t collapse under its own weight Its because after the cement dries with the bricks the entire structure becomes the equivalent of a large cement panel or block, the bricks also stay together thanks to the interlocking placement which exerts compression to the outer wall a bit like the structure of a dome but in this case it’s flat, but the same principles apply
Not entirely flat mybe, well it's look a bit like dome but rather flat compared to its real appearance.
@@workinprogress6504 The trick is to use a reverse fish-eye lens when filming. ;-)
@snowman - right, and there's also ZERO support underneath.. not a building I would prefere to walk into. Forget it
@@nightshift2780 I agree. This construction should be outlawed as a profligate and wanton use of cement. Cement production is highly damaging to the environment. Does anybody want to join me in writing an appeal to the country's authorities with a view to stopping this type of roofing?
@@happyharry5153 in what way does the production of cement damage the environment? You must be joking around because the entire world uses cement.
Thank you. Marvelous work - it is ART. True skill! Cheers
Super amazing marvelous... Hatsoff to this skilled aretisian... No words to express...cherish these artisans...
That's impressive , most modern day brickies couldn't do that I'm sure
They do this in Mexico alot I've seen it in several towns I've visited
It's most likely the mortar their using
We already have this technic. 150 year old in my town.
The beauty of building. You just cant get that in the USA without a ton of bureaucracy!
Well done!
Seeing for the first time like this technique and it's awesome
I've seebn videos of almost the exact same thing done in Mexico, the main differences I see is that in Mexico it looks like they you plaster de Paris, for mortar and it's very thin. I believe the Mexican way is a little faster and probably just about the same in strength, because though the mortar may be weaker the joints are tighter. Either way, beautiful work. Being a mason myself I'd like to try it, but where I'm from in the states you can't get brick like that, and no way would it ever get past code.
Bricks maybe costlier in America but Timber is cheap, quite opposite here in India. Econony matters so different places has different building techniques .
Try baking them...
Interesting, using bricks to hold all the mortar together...
Yes
That is amazing, I have done bricklaying and have never seen this before.
in the days of prefab and composite materials I appreciate these craftsmen taking the time to build this. Time will tell which dome will last longer.
edit: even more blown away when you realise this is not going to be a spiral
I'M not sure whether I'm not understanding or I'm just refusing to accept it, that this is actually done by hand.
This construction should be outlawed as a profligate and wanton use of cement. Cement production is highly damaging to the environment. Does anybody want to join me in writing an appeal to the country's authorities with a view to stopping this type of roofing?
@@happyharry5153 It uses 10 times less concrete than regular rcb roofs. Are you 9 years old sweety?
@@seetu1500 There is no concrete being used in the build of the dome, but your point is not wasted. If only they would include some concrete ballast in their mortar, it wouldn't be so wasteful of the cement to which you are referring. Oh and the roof would be stronger.
Not confident ...nver forget,the earth is always active
Precisely. Death Trap during an earthquake
i was thinking same
Yeah, I'm interested in what kind of loads it can bear, and how long would it last for.
I like the fearful comments. No clue about buildings, but commenting. There is a ring anchor reinforced with structural steel around the dome. This is earthquake resistant and the dome will not collapse as long as the ring is not broken. This is one of the best constructions to resist long time as the dome even may be shuttered, it will just settle.
@@mucsalto8377 I'm sure the dome could collapse in certain instances without the ring being broken. If the ring was deformed a bit and the mortar between the bricks was sufficiently crumbled. That being said, many common building techniques do not endure earthquakes.
Very good brother your team is a wonderful one. I like your art, I love it
I am seriously impressed!!! How does a brick even hold at that angle!?! Thanks for sharing!
Very popular in USA introduced by spanish architect named Rafael Guastavino in 1900s
There is a Catholic Church, the Basilica of St. Lawrence, here in Asheville, NC that was designed and built by Guastavino. He came here to help with the building of the Biltmore House and Estate. There are no steel supports at all in the construction. Beautiful inside and outside. He died here in Asheville in 1908 and is buried in a vault within the Church.
@@larrykeenan598 wow! its such a wonderful connection knowing that he is now at peace within his own masterpiece! thank you for sharing this story.
I can just imagine trying to get a building permit for that here in canada.
No kidding lol
Lol
I'm waiting for the video of the collapsed rubble after the next earthquake!
not a chance in he double toothpicks
i hate the frigen government so damn much
Seriously impressed! Great work! respect to you for a so beautiful results.
Incredible skills, keep them coming !
I just can't understand how would bricks stick to the cement mix without a vertical support, at least till it dries? 🤔. If one circle is completed, may b bricks wouldn't have enough space to dislocate from each other but till that circle completes only thing which holds bricks are wet cement mortar.
The mortar has to be just the right mixture of stickiness and stiffness. The bricks need a slightly rough surface (for example made with sand in them). The mortar must cure properly, NOT dry out, otherwise it crumbles. I have seen an arch made using concrete blocks, but it was not very wide.
@@paullangford8179 very interesting construction. I think even igloos are built similar way?
@@paullangford8179 cure like ham?
These brick are light compared others and also very dry. As soon as you put the mortar on, it starts to pull out moisture so you must be fast when placing the brick. It also creates a suction, like when you step in thick mud with your shoes on. Plus once you complete a row, it then has binding strength. The type and consistency of the mortar is important also depending on joint size. There are other factors I'm sure, but the main thing is that it works. The ones done in Mexico look like they're done entirely by eye, no tape, no strings, nothing, just put em up. This is what amazes me.
It's possible sir we can calculate tensile stress and compressive stress on that dome even my college also constructed like that my you can a check it for knowledge purpose my college name is Andhra University bachelor of architecture department
Looks like a nightmare during a earthquake.
my woman is saying that but I think it should be ok
@@jmadventures9830
In a earthquake, the only thing that will keep the bricks from falling is steel reinforcement. It could last 500 years or drop tomorrow. Good luck!
TRU Dat
These kind of structures are being built from centuries when there was no steel reinforcement in use....and the place where they are built in India lies in “seismic Zone-4”...they are engineered to last long
This is the first time I have seen anything like this and it's simply amazing to watch. Like most I can't seem to grasp how the individual bricks don't fall inwards/downwards while it's being constructed but seeing is believing, Wow! Thanks for sharing this technique🥰
If hundred people try to enter a single door all at once, no one will be able to enter through the door. Similarly, all bricks are trying to fall all at once but none are falling. It is the gravity itself which is holding them up.
i love seeing these guys go. what skill.
Impressive skill. I don't know how they make it crown accurately.
H DB why do you think you’re smarter than them?
@H DB that what happened to your head?
@H DB I doubt a bridge collapsed due to coconuts and jackfruit 😂
H DB okay, you’re saying that buildings collapse. Yet you have no real reason to give why these would? Other than some gut feeling that it’s not strong enough? I just think that you don’t understand how strong a dome like this can be and so you try and act like you know more than you do about a bunch of unrelated stuff.
@H DB you talk about weight--in the video they show the roof supporting three or four men quite easily. If it holds up a man, how could a jackfruit break it?
For the people who wonder about the strength of the roof. Its not as simple as seen in the video. All the bricks are places at very precise angles making a low ark dome. This structure is in use since long in ancient buildings. Very stable and strong. Dome shape structures are very common in Indian architecture. It is modified form of same technique.
Masters... beautiful job.. thanks for sharing..
Fantastic work, guys! Thanks for posting this. If I ever get the chance, I'll try it. You should build dome homes too.
How are the bricks not falling without support during laying?
HOW?
Its called physics... in general,
ua-cam.com/video/xNDppVTVUss/v-deo.html would explain
They want to fall out, not down -see 'domes wiki' or something- soo.. your answer is ringbeam.
The guy in the thumbnail had also came to my site and worked... It only depends on him and his skills his parents did that... And his grandparents too...!
And it depends on their observation of the first Corner and the first brick they put one and then their slice on bricks matters...
Oh ok.
Что ж там за раствор такой, что кирпич моментально приклеивается к вертикальной поверхности как приваренный?
Глина песок....по цвету похоже с цементом но глины не много хорошей глины жирной главное попробовать и состав сам сложится
@@user-be3hu3dd5w как это прочесть?
@@runningdoctor прочесть как один из методов подхода к проблеме если не знаеш состав раствора то можно экспериментально подобрать несколько рецептов для кладки кирпича в таких условиях .я несколько раз готовил растворы для штукатурки подбирая состав нужный в тех задании
Wow...! nice technique... should get recognition from government...
They should apply for patent ... and become brand..
I fully understand why it not collapse! brilliant idea! Thanks for upload this video.
I suppose earthquakes are very rare in this region?
Exactly Right
No. Rohtak is in sesmic 4 zone i.e high damage risk zone and this region got 13-14 earthquake in lockdown period 2020 only with most epicenter in Rohtak itself.
I feel like such a chode... I cant even cut my lawn without my DieHard's. This guys building a structure barefoot. SMH!!
Wow Amazing! I never seen anything like this before! Awesome Video.
Excellent craftsmanship gentlemen. Well done.