What are the Different Structural Steel Shapes?
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- Опубліковано 19 тра 2024
- #welddotcom
What the difference between I beam, S beam and H beam? If you saw W12x30 on a print would you know what it was? Today we're going over the various type of structural steel shapes and how they're called out on prints.
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Thanks to this channel I decided to go to school for Welding I start on the 21
That’s awesome dude! I wish I went when I was younger, I’m in too deep in the automotive repair industry to get out and it’s going down hill for us technicians.
Thats awesome to hear man, feel free to hit us up if you have any questions we can help out with. We did a video on getting into welding school, check it out. It may help you find the right school if you haven't already. Good luck on your journey. Hers is a link ua-cam.com/video/Qu4pgNnT1-s/v-deo.html
Goodluck man. You'll like/love it. Work hard, play hard👍
I'm 40, retired Navy IT/RM and I'm in my second semester of welding and loving it. Good luck man!
Thank you all for the encouragement 👍 I’m 31 with a family of 5 and 1 in the way and after working in warehouse for 11 years I’m tired of it and now it’s time for something better and something I will love to do
I work in a structural fab shop and I see this stuff everyday. But I love the way he breaks it down and explains what things mean, the terminology, and application. I learn a lot from this channel!!!!
Good
PIPE SCHEDULE
WRITTEN BY MATT MILBURY ON 18 JANUARY 2016. POSTED IN PIPE
Pipe Schedule is the term used to describe the thickness of a pipe. The outside diameter of a pipe is the same for all schedules in a particular nominal pipe diameter. Standard standard pipe schedules or pipes sizes as given by ANSI / ASME B36.10M and API 5L. There are eleven schedule numbers commonly used: 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, & 160.
The most popular schedule, by far, is 40. For pipe 8-inches and under, Schedule 40 and standard weight pipe wall thicknesses are the same. Schedules 5, 60, 100, 120, & 140 are rarely used. This should be considered when piping is specified for a particular project.
The schedule number is defined as the approximate value of the expression:
Schedule number = (1,000)(P/S)
Where,
P = the internal working pressure, psig
S = the allowable stress (psi) for the material of construction at the conditions of use.
For example, the schedule number of ordinary steel pipe having an allowable stress of 10,000 psi for use at a working pressure of 350 psig would be:
Schedule number = (1,000)(350/10,000) = 35 (approx. 40)
Note that the pipe is not always the "weakest link" in a piping system but this should be examined each and every time pipe is sized.
METHOD FOR DETERMING SCHEDULE
Measure the inside diameter and divide it by the wall thickness. (inches) R = ID/Thickness
Pipe Schedule R
Schedule 30 40-50
Schedule 40 29-39
Schedule 60 25-29
Schedule 80 20-23
Schedule 100 16-18
Schedule 120 13-15
Schedule 140 11-13
Schedule 160 9-11
STANDARDS
API Standards
API Spec 5L - Specification for Line Pipe
ASME Standards
ASME B36.10M - Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe
Love the content. Just passed a weld test and interview for a job welding components for structural steel and this is that extra knowledge what will help me Monday morning. Thanks again.
Years of doing this youtube game as well as your work exp has made you a world class communicator of this subject matter. Fantastic content
Mate, you are the first man i'm seeing explaining these differences! My mind boggles about it for a looong time. Thank you!
My steel guy is awesome. He lives near me, so he will drop off a small order right to my shop, no extra charge. He will even grab remnants for me. Everyone needs a steel guy like mine!
This channel is phenomenal and what a fantastic teacher!
For Structural Steel.. .."I" Beams don't exist. "S" shapes are typically for crane rails, the inside profile of the flanges is more like the slope on channel sections. The nominal depth for W sections isn't within +/-.05" for the lighter weight sections the actual depth is usually about +/- 1/2". For example a W12x30 is actually 12 - 3/8 deep. WT's are cut from W shapes. HSS above 12x12 in size is usually a special order.
I didnt undestant anything, but I guess it's because im thinking in european
I start as a fitter this week and i havent been in the shop since tech school, thanks for the refresher course.
Well explained.!! I’m new to the structural business and this video made it easier to understand the different shapes. Never heard anyone says “I” beam, always W beam. Thanks for sharing 👏
Thank you as always, I really appreciate what you guys do. You always help me a lot. Keep up the great work!
You might also cover metal type-steel; cold rolled, hot rolled or extruded. some pipe, tubing, and hollow shapes are welded or extruded. stainless steel, aluminums
Corten steels, galvanized(which releases toxic gas when welded)
AISC is a good reference.
Pipe schedule - The OD stays the same IE, 6” Schedule 40 steel pipe = 6 5/8” OD x .280 wall. 6” Schedule 80 steel pipe = 6 5/8” OD x .432
When you hit 14” and above, the od will be 14”, 16” would be 16” etc.
Tubing is always od x wall thickness. 6” is 6” od x the wall thickness.
I hope this helps. Pipe size, the od doesn’t change based on Schedule. The wall thickness changes by Schedule.
Thanks for sharing 👍
You're right, pipe sizes are designed so that the I.D. of schedule 40 pipe will be close to (but not exactly) the nominal size. It's confusing, but like you said 6" Sch40 is .280 wall and 6-5/8 OD which makes the I.D. 6.065". But all 6" pipe will be 6-5/8" OD regardless of schedule, so 6" Sch80 will have an ID of 5.761".
4" Pipe will always be 4-1/2" OD. Sch40 wall thickness is .237, making the ID 4.026"
4" Sch80 wall thickness is .337, making the ID 3.826"
Rob Madison yes. The important word is nominal. This applies to plastic piping as well.
Hey guys, great content as always.
Excuse me, but I have to talk a little bit because my boss is firing me during the quarantine.
I've been sitting at home for more than 5 months now and I get depressed.
My buddy Dave Harper motivates me and we are putting all our welding knowledge on the spot. If you need a welder or welding advice, visit our website weldingtroop.com
Visit the website (weldingtroop.com) and give us your feedback, whether you appreciate it or not.
I really appreciate it.
Thx!
I was getting ready to comment when I saw yours, also square and rectangle tube is 24’ or 48’ as a rule and pipe 21’ and 42’
@@weldingtroop2179
The website has some good content. Good luck and stay positive!!
Local 377 Ironworker here. Your channel’s awesome
This is an amazing breakdown of the kinds of structural steel, thanks!!!
Thanks for the video. I wasn't aware of the difference between I-beams and S-beams.
Thanks for this. Would like a video talking about the strength differences of these shapes.
Pipe schedule is based on bursting pressure rating: it takes a thicker wall to resist higher pressure. Also, the larger the diameter, the greater the area (same # pounds, but more square inches trying to constrain it) so greater wall thickness needed. 2" sch80 is 0.218" thick, 6" sch80 is 0.432" thick.
"So the pipe thickness which would hold 600psi at 15 ksi material strength was designated as schedule 600/15= 40."
no your wrong, its not the bursting pressure. its the design pressure. the bursting pressure would be higher than the schedule. it wouldn't make sense to engineer something that fails at its max design. if i can explain it simple for u, a 2 ton jack is rated as 2 ton because its design load is 2 tons, that doesnt mean it fails or "bursts" at 2 tons, it wouldnt make sense to sell a 2 ton jack that fails at 2 tons. it would fail maybe at like 2.5 tons or more. also take as an example the hauling capacity of a pickup truck. say its a truck that is designed to haul 4 thousand pounds. that means its design load is 4 thousand pounds, but of course uve seen people push that limit and overload their trucks, the truck doesnt fail because its design load is 4 thousand pounds but thats not its failing point. u would have to put 6-8 thousand pounds in the truck before it "fails" or something breaks. so i hope u understand the schedule is not the bursting pressure but rather its design pressure. just like a car tire say it says 40psi, that doesnt mean the tire bursts as soon as it hits 41 psi, u would have to reach near 100 psi or more before a bubble forms or it bursts. everything else u said is basically right though. it does take thicker material to maintain that design in wider pipes compared to small pipes. as an example when u step on a lego piece it hurts because it not flexible and feels like a rock. but if u take that same plastic and make it into a 1 foot box the same thickness as the lego piece it will be a super flimsy plastic box. in order to make a 1 foot box that is the same sturdiness as the lego piece the walls would have to be a quarter inch thick maybe more compared to the lego piece that the walls are only 2mm thick. hope that helps
Jason, don't forget about DOM, CDS, HFS . Smooth ID, with no weld seam present (although it exists). Special applications require these types of stock. Great video though. Well presented and good material coverage. Rock on!
Excellent, simple , to the point and with best expression. Like it
Very informative. Demystifies the terminology. Thanks.
A good video guys because so many eople do not understand steel sections.
For any UK viewers the beams are called Universal Columns (for the verticals) and Universal Beams for horizontal, floor and roof truss sections. We also have two types of channel, those being Parallel Flange Channel and Tapered Flange Channel.
I never knew how much I did not know about steel. The Tube and Pipe was cool stuff. Great show.. Thanks
I've learned so much in this video. Thank you!
Most steel suppliers will have a chart or small booklet that list the common shapes and sizes they will provide. Mine has both. They are handy for daily use. Someone below mentioned the AISC structural steel handbook. It is worth having
Namaste, From India.Thanks for the video. It’s very comprehensive ,crisp and clear. Keep it up.
Hello Swamy!!
Thank you very much .it's a pleasure, people learning opens for understanding the metal shape
Good job my friend your pretty close on everything. Im not a smart mouth was a welding instructor/QC1 inspector/ metal worker for 50 years.
Nice and informative video. As a structural engineer the AISC code is by far one of the most valuable resources out there and is constantly on my desk for referencing. Modern Steel Construction Magazine is also a handy bonus that you get from becoming a member.
Thanks for this informative video, sometimes i forget the name of different shapes.
Appreciate the Info! Thanks guys love the knowledge
Very informative, thanks red beard!
Very informative and useful video. Thank you.
I started welding classes last month right now we are finishing up brazing and we are just waiting for our welding kits to arrive so we could start stick welding
Your best bet for learning shapes is to browse the information published by the suppliers. Alro's website is awesome, and you can always call them to get more explanation. There are too many variations to describe in a video, and this video has a few discrepancies with what is available in from my research of suppliers in the Detroit area.
Schedule is based on the pressure the pipe can withstand, so larger diameters need a thicker wall. Larger circumference means more hoop stress.
Not to be picky, but our textbook has list of all structure steel, including hexagonal, octagonal shapes that were not covered.But! what you did covered was very informative!
2 years later and this video is a life saver
Excellent explanation and presentation.
Pipe and tube can make you crazy. Best bet, check manufacturers spec sheets on id, od, and wall thickness and how to make up to your fittings.
Thanks a lot, really useful information.
Thank u! For all the information!
am a welding hobbyist and this channel helped me a lot.
i wish we had a good Academy to teach you how weld and give you a certificate.
Job corps
Smaller pipe,
Much needed video, thanks!
Im a second semester student and we r learning about different types of steel construction connection ( moments, shear, and semi-rigid connection) what are thy what the difference and when do you which? And anything else you might could give us thank you for your time
you explain it clearly sir and i like it.
The schedule system is good to know when building handrails that you can remove by telescoping, same with telescoping HSS or HSA splicing.
Great video. Thanks for the information.
Thank you for this video Sir..
Great session.
Great information, thank you.
Correction on pipe thickness. Because it's nominal size, 2" standard wall (sch 40) will have a 2" ID and aprox 0.153" wall thickness. However sch 80 will have aprox a 0.218" wall thickness and something akin to 1-7/8" ID. OD on the example will be the same (2-3/8" approximately). Coming from expirence doing pipeline and natural gas distribution.
in my work place and in the local erector/shop community near me we refer to bar stock as Flatbar and the angled steel is always largest(longest) leg first ex. L 6X4X5/8.
Thanks bro for this wonderful video,,
Answer a question , the shop I work in has built a new addition single story , identical to the old one (90') , the new one has a piece of round 10" that spans one section at opposite ends unlike the old one which has none. what are those for?
Calidad - muy buena explicación felicidades -
wait a second, S beam, H beam, I beam, T beam... engineers, the true trolls...
Can you do a video on tig setup for beginners? Like gas, tungsten size and cup size? You’re the most informative channel I’ve found and learned a lot but most of the stuff I’ve seen from you guys has been from the old “Mr Tig” guy (not nearly as good as bob)
They have one with Bob
@@mattclover8072 Yeah...early 2019 I think...I just saw it today...Sept. 18...2020
@@dougankrum3328 yeah i watched it about January of this year. When I started TIG
Open the AISC structural shapes pdf and all of the standard callouts here are defined. CAD guys: measure the ACTUAL dimensions of the stock. W12 will NEVER be 12" and different from one steel mill to another. Depending on what you are designing this can be critical in making sure the fabricators don't have to do extra coping rework or gap filling to achieve the final dimension on the drawing after the Sawyer already performed the cuts accordingly. USA users, look up the pdf for "Naming Convention for Structural Steel Products for Use in Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)"
Ay bro you should do one on blueprint reading.
377 here right on brother!
He already has a couple vids on blueprint reading
Pipe will have same outside diameter regardless of schedule . Inside diameter will be reduced as you go to a higher schedule. 12:40
I think the S beam and I beam are mixed up. The S has thick tapered flanges, and the I beam is called a W beam (for “wide flange”) with flatter wide flanges. We usually just use S sections for monorails, and W sections for structural beams and columns. H sections are mostly just for piles.
School next month! Really excited but little nervous I fuck up and get overwhelmed. Any advice to help
If I'm not mistaken, schedule refers to the pressure the pipe is rated for. As the pipe diameter increases, the thickness must also increase.
Gold! Staff. Thanks
Important info for a real welder.
Complete different content from what this channel is publishing now.
Notice the word 'Billet' never appears here....very good!
Great video and information
The schedule is for rating the pressure so the bigger the pipe it has to be thicker to handle the pressure so if you had something that was needing 1500psi and that required schedule 80 it wouldn’t matter if it was 2” or 12” pipe as long as you used schedule 80, and after 12” pipe once you hit 14” it changes to OD like tubing and also the tubing that I work with is mill wall thickness not schedule so if you have a tube that’s 2” x mw .125 you would have a 2” tube that’s an 1/8” thick, I enjoyed the talk on beams though it kind cleared some things up with me
There is no correlation between pressure and schedule. Here are the specs. www.engineeringtoolbox.com/wrought-steel-pipe-bursting-pressure-d_1123.html
I suppose schedule reffers to not only diameter but the use is going to go into so during different code or stresses to the pipe the outside diameter gets thicker??
In March 1927, the American Standards Association surveyed industry and created a system that designated wall thicknesses based on smaller steps between sizes. The designation known as nominal pipe size replaced iron pipe size, and the term schedule (SCH) was invented to specify the nominal wall thickness of pipe.
Helps a lot!!
I am not a welder, but I work at a structural steel supply store, and I can't tell you how many people come in not knowing what they want.
People always want us to do their homework on what they need.
I really have to send them this channel...
My man if I could solicit some advice I want to put a frame under a 1986 Chevrolet Cavalier what size would I need?
All of this steel has it's nemesis... the inevitable hole stretcher. It comes in various ways; magnetic, battery, thermal... and even regular old drill bits.
Thank you so much
3:54 also expressed as "WT 6x15 "
WT=Tee cut from W-beam
Good work
do a video about miter cuts by hand
Positive “damn“ y’all make me smile hahaha ^leaders.
I think the schedule is based on pressure per square inch of working or burst or something pressure. Please correct me if I'm wrong.
Yup, different wall thickness for different pressure.
I think you're right.
I think the larger diameter pipe has a thicker wall section for the same schedule due to the volume inside the pipe.
I.E., 2" schedule 40 has a thinner wall than 6" schedule 40.
I could be wrong tho.
@@willmorris1429 yup, schedule 40 2in has a wall thickness of .152 inches and 6in schedule has a wall thickness of .25in or somewhere near that. wall thickness changes with diameter due to volume. the only thing that stays the same is the inner diameter
Here's the facts. www.engineeringtoolbox.com/wrought-steel-pipe-bursting-pressure-d_1123.html
Hint, you need to rethink.
You forgot to talk about O-beams and how to tell the difference O and 0-beams 😁
Or Dolly Parton beams. Technically referred to as B beams. Available in double F gage, de-scaled, primed, and ready for use straight off the truck. Limited availability North of the Mason-dixon line.
@@stanervin6108 ok trumptard
the pipe schedule system is an engineered rating of a pipe for a given stress and pressure application
Wrong... On pipe the OD stays the same. The ID changes with schedule.
Also, HSS = hollow structural SECTION but its all the same.
Some engineers call it 'tube steel'...
I have always wondered why stainless, and some others always comes in 12’ max. Always expecting it to be 20’ like the rest.
Schedule grade to my knowledge is the psi max the pipe can safely contain based on the type of material used
Schedule grade AND diameter will determine the pressure rating of the pipe. Here's the engineering facts.
www.engineeringtoolbox.com/wrought-steel-pipe-bursting-pressure-d_1123.html
Right on
question diff subject ... plasma tables ... witch is better water table or down draft ?? what do you do with the old water ? also you have too keep garage heated to keep table from freezing ,down draft they say you loose garage heat ..and you trip over ex pipe . some people say the used water is a hazard waste ? let me know what you think .. thank you ..
Used water is hazard waste. Water tables work a while lot better than down draft though. To keep it from freezing add some water table fluid.
@@Welddotcom thank you ..
Backwards on tube and pipe. Pipe the id changes but the od stays the same.
very useful
You didn't mention that f.ex. H-beams come in three different wall thicknesses. There are HEA, HEB and HEC, where HEA is the thinnest one. HEC is a very uncommon, seldom needed.
You forgot to mention MC channel, extra long flange length.
Thanks
I started welding classes 4 weeks ago and I don’t even listen to my teacher talk I go there and weld them come home and watch these videos instead😂
Maybe I'm just bad at drawing but damn red beard... That's pretty good
I guess thats a alot american people here, good luck with all the messurements! :from an metric guy!
All tube wall thickness is given in a decimal. No fractions example 4x4 x .250.
THANKYOU
BEST EXPLANATION TILL DATE 👍
THANKYOU AGAIN FOR SHARING
So, this is from hardhatengineer.com... "Definition of Schedule Number: The schedule number indicates approximate value of the expression 1000 x P/S where P is the service pressure and S is the allowable stress, both expressed in pounds per square inch."
From that, I would think the following would make sense... but this is only an educated guess.
So for a schedule 40 pipe, 40 = 1000 x P/S. Therefore if you rearrange the formula and reduce, P=0.040S. In other words for a schedule 40 pipe the wall thickness is designed such that the allowable internal pressure (P) would be 0.040 or 4% of the allowable stress (S)
It would stand to reason that for a schedule 80 pipe the allowable pressure would be 8% of the allowable stress and for schedule 160 pipe the allowable pressure would be 16% of the allowable stress.
This does not directly relate to a wall thickness, but would help to produce, perhaps a moment of inertia or a section modulus that would be used to generate wall thickness with additional calculations.
In the process of doing so, the OD stays the same so fittings work across the pipe size range, but the ID changes due to varying wall thickness to produce the pressure to stress relationship (schedule), which affects internal volume and flow.