Hi everyone - It's come to my attention that there has been someone masquerading as myself, responding to some comments here with a link to a Telegram chat to win a prize from me. THIS IS A SCAM, I am not holding a contest, nor do I have a Telegram account. PLEASE DO NOT RESPOND TO THESE MESSAGES!! It's happening on a lot of my videos, I'm taking steps to remove them manually, but as I have 162 videos, it will take some time. If you do run across a suspicious comment, I would appreciate you letting me know at info@dronebotworkshop.com. Thanks! Bill (The real one!)
@Bill I was wondering if you have any info or videos on how to connect NEMA 23 steppers with Arduino Mega or Giga even a Uno. I have a few raspberry pies and I wanted to make a CNC controller but I can even install LinuxCNC so I thought I would try out Arduino excellent video by the way take care Bill
Just so you know the quality of the content here. This is waaaay better than the Automatization lab on my university at the Engineering faculty. Regards!
This is the best video on motor drivers I've seen! Lengthy, but covers so many of them and as a result allows you to see a pattern in controlling DC motors with all of those drivers. Thanks for such a high quality content - very, very informative! 🤓 I think I'll just go and watch other goodness on this channel now - I'm sure I might find more helpful stuff for my project!
I am currently a junior majoring in Computer Engineering. I can spend hours looking for specific information out there, and it drives me crazy. You bring all the essential knowledge in one video and with excellent structure and explanations. I cannot thank you enough for these kind of videos!
Great content as usual. Minor nit pick. Vbe is 0.7V for bipolar transistors; Vce(sat) is 0.3V. When using FETs, keep in mind that they cannot change from OFF to ON (or ON to OFF) instantaneously; there is a slew rate. When they are in this intermediate state, there is a voltage drop and a current flow; so they have to dissipate power as heat. It is nowhere near as bad as bipolar devices, but needs to be kept in mind when switching them very fast.
This is a FANTASTIC treatise in motor control options!!! With some excellent tips and the 98% speed warning!!! I can't get enough of your instruction! Well done as always!!!
Although I have watched many of your videos I rarely but I wanted to stop and thank you for the excellent content that you provide. I am highly appreciative of your presentational style you're calm demeanor and your thorough and useful explanations. There have been multiple times where your videos have helped me understand concepts well enough to implement them in my experiments and projects and this has enriched the quality of my life. I sincerely appreciate your efforts. Thank you
I am always amazed how DroneBot Workshop present each topic in a very comprehensive and yet concise manner. It's like I'm reading a book but everything makes so much sense. I hope you would consider presenting courses in EdX, coursera, etc.
This is an amazing video, super comprehensive and offers multiple alternatives for different use-cases. Better yet... it comes with an attached article with source code and library links. BRILLIANT WORK
Im just a hobbyist when it comes to electronics and have been slowing learning an self teaching myself for a few years know and even though I may know how to use h bridge controllers I still feel you can learn more about things by listening to others especially ones who are well versed or educated on the topic I just found this channel and subbed after the linear ps video because of how well you did in making a high quality informative video an because you don't drag on one thing forever explaining it you condense the important points with enough detail to get the message across then move on and that's why these videos I feel are packed full of information in a decent run time and can be watched with ease.
😲 You forgot to say "Wipers" @ 50:24. 😄 I so love your videos! Your illustrations, diagrams and tutorials are the BEST! And I mean that. I'm still keeping my L298Ns. I'll use a wall wart on a project with no wheels. A Pinball Machine!! 🤣 Thank You, Sir!
Kind of a long video, but a ton of info was presented, all in a very detailed format as usual. Thanks for taking the time to put these together, folks really appreciate your efforts!
As an aircraft mechanic, A/P, with an Inspectors Authorization, IA, I’m just getting into this world…but I find your videos VERY informative and helpful. Thank you and I really appreciate your help in understanding in a way that I can develop my own projects. Cheers, new sub here👍
Bill, I have watched many of your videos over the years. I have seen some of these motor drivers in those videos. But it is wonderful to have them all in one place compared to one another. It took me a few days to make it through this video. It is a great reference video that I am sure I will use over the years. Thank you for taking so much effort to create it. The quality is amazing. I really like those cytron boards. I especially liked the feature of it testing a motor without the microcontroller.
Great video! You can always expect the quality and information to be excellent when a new video pops up. Thanks for all the time and effort you put into these.
Thank you so much for this video - I have been trying to wrap my head around the different microcontrollers for dc motors and always ended up confused! Such clear explanations-as always 🙏 Love your work! ❤
H-Bridge devices have so many different applications. They can be looked at primarily as a motor controller but I also use a H Bridge to convert the digital signal out from an Arduino to DCC +-15V square wave for HO/OO scale model railways. Very versatile device.
I just rceived my motors for my remote controlled lawnmower project yesterday... and today this video! Coincedence or Syncronicity? Either way... thanks Bill!
Love the effort you put in in your videos, I've come back to this video again and again as reference for the motor drivers. Appreciate your content a lot really helpful ❤️
This means that the input should be either high (usually 3.3 or 5v) or low (0v or ground). If there is no input, it may behave erratically because the pin is "floating". I don't remember which motor driver this was, but if you have the pin connected to a pin on a microcontroller, you're good.
Very informative content. I enjoy it. lol, this guy is interesting. I don’t think I’ve ever heard someone pronounce the arbitrary names of any circuit board so many times. I don’t think he skipped a single time saying the entire name of board when talking about them. Very funny. Most people would shorten them or only refer to a small portion of the name. Interesting guy.
You really know how to transfer knowledge! Great job, thanks for be so professional and provide excellent videos, very well explain and easy to follow.
I've got to admit that at 70 I'm too impatient to actually learn to code. I usually try an find some online project that looks like what I want to do and give it a try. Sometimes it works and sometimes it doesn't. But from that effort I pick up enough clues to come here and choose your video that seems about right, pay attention and usually get the thing going the way I wanted. Thanks for doing what you do.
Not to be ignored are the motor controller boards that communicate with the Arduino via I2C. They only require two of the precious IO pins to drive your robot’s motors, and the libraries available to control them take care of all the setup details. People new to the sport will be best off sticking with brands such as SparkFun or Adafruit, and picking motors from the same places that they indicate are compatible with the board you choose.
At 3:40 I think you are confusing the base-emitter voltage drop of a bipolar transistor (about 0.7V) with Vce(sat) which is often on the order of 0.1V, similar to a MOSFET. Otherwise, amazing video. I can't believe the work you put in here!
Fantastic video, it's just what I've been looking for. I've been building a 3d printed tank and I got stuck trying to figure out the electronics side of things, this video has been incredibly helpful and should allow me to move forward with the project.
32:53 This is the diagram I was looking for. I was wondering why there was no separate gnd/voltage for the logic. I didn't know you could just tie the gnd to the motor negative for logic and use the arduino 3v. Thanks a ton, liked and subscribed.
This video and tutorial is absolutely amazing! Thank you so much for putting together this clear, concise, tutorial. So much easier to understand! Looking forward to watching all of your other videos!
Thank you for another Great video, to complement this, I would follow up by showing how we can do current sensing on all, and also how to use an different types of motor encoders to demonstrate feedback control loop concepts.
Great presentation as always! Cytron urc10 robot control board, which is UNO R3 and cytron 10/30 amp driver all on one board, is great project option. One power hookup and lots of pins.
Great work Bill. I'm using the TB6612FNG in my latest project but only driving one motor. But thanks to your vid I've just ordered a DRV8817 to replace it. Keep up the good work!
I don't understand why transistor drop for bipolar transistor is 0.7v. Vce drop is usually in the order of 0.1-0.2v. 0.7v sounds like Vbe which is not applicable here. 3:47
These are Darlington pairs, which if I remember correctly work with the main conducting transistor always conducts in its active region and never in its saturation region, leading to a much higher voltage drop. When the datasheet talks about the VCE "in saturation" it refers to when the input transistor is saturated
These are Darlington pairs, a single transistor made of two paired BJTs. Due to the circuit dynamics of the pair the input transistor does get saturated but output transistor (the one that actually conducts) never does, staying in its active region. This leads to a much higher VCE when "saturated" compared to a single BJT, however the pair can handle a much higher current and is extremely sensitive to small signals
that was very revelling & did infect answer a questions or tow i have still have to get in to wring the set up. And loop for the ono but at lest now i may have a drivers to handle the job thank you a lot once has figured out how to put it together on my lath.
Just to add ... if you try to 'roll our own' H-bridge, timing of the 'switches' is important! It is VERY easy to momentarily short out to ground and release the magic smoke!
This is a very well conceived and instructive tutorial. However, the most versatile motor controller I know of was left out. This is Basic Micro's ROBOCLAW. It comes in different sizes but the most common is the Roboclaw 2x7 capable of driving two motors drawing up to 7 Amp each. This controller has the ability of processing signal coming from motor encoders and controlling the motor's speed via a PID (Proportional, Integral, Derivative) feedback loop.
On your digital writes for dir, best to always set low first to allow residuals or motor current ground access before power. Saves gates. Also snubber circuit if you want to change dir while in motion(even if not driving). Allows path to ground. Charge pumps work that way and you can get much current on 'brake'.💕🤗
Great video, helped a TON with my project. Sadly I already ordered 5 of the L298N, but I got them super cheap so went ahead and ordered the ones I need, the TB6612FNG. Problem with the first one is that huge heatsink, and I only need 12v so 2nd one was perfect.
In simple terms when using DC brushed motors, what is the main difference between an ESC you buy for a hobby grade RC car & the receiver/motor control board you find in a toy grade RC car? It seem PWM is what separates them?
BTW: I see eBayers selling Wheel Chair motors without wheels. I found that Harbor Freight pneumatic wheels with 4 bolt holes line up perfectly, and cost around $5. You should knock out the inside bearing to fit the hub nut, and fill the tire with Fix a Flat or Slime since the valve stem will be on the inside mount side. I think they are the 4-5 in rim, white wheels. The IBT-2 45 amp motor controller works on a wheel chair motor. You can get the IBT-2 cheap 2 for $15. I bench tested my Wheel chair motor yesterday and it only pulled 10-12 amps under no load so there is plenty of amps left for a load. I believe DWS said the IBT-2 were 30 Amps continuous. 43 peak. I just looked on eBay Wheel Chair motor prices have skyrocketed They run from $130 to $200 each. It might be better to look on Craigslist and buy a whole chair for $100-300 from an estate sale. 5 years ago I got 2 eBay motors without wheels for $75. I also had 2 chairs given to me when a friend's mother passed away
Hi everyone - It's come to my attention that there has been someone masquerading as myself, responding to some comments here with a link to a Telegram chat to win a prize from me. THIS IS A SCAM, I am not holding a contest, nor do I have a Telegram account. PLEASE DO NOT RESPOND TO THESE MESSAGES!!
It's happening on a lot of my videos, I'm taking steps to remove them manually, but as I have 162 videos, it will take some time. If you do run across a suspicious comment, I would appreciate you letting me know at info@dronebotworkshop.com.
Thanks!
Bill (The real one!)
@Bill I was wondering if you have any info or videos on how to connect NEMA 23 steppers with Arduino Mega or Giga even a Uno. I have a few raspberry pies and I wanted to make a CNC controller but I can even install LinuxCNC so I thought I would try out Arduino excellent video by the way take care Bill
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Just so you know the quality of the content here. This is waaaay better than the Automatization lab on my university at the Engineering faculty. Regards!
Elon musk should start Google like companies
That is because to these folks, it is a work of love. It is not a job they go to.
@@dragon.fromindia3235like, software?
I am Edgar from Kenya, Africa..
I don't have the words to thank you for turning my dreams into reality. May God Bless you Abundantly
good luck on your amazing journey
Thank you very much... you have helped an 80 year Old Man to understand how his CNC motors work. Very much appreciated. Have a Great and Safe Day.
From Germany: Lots of information, described in a way that everyone can understand it. Thank you very much!
This is the best video on motor drivers I've seen! Lengthy, but covers so many of them and as a result allows you to see a pattern in controlling DC motors with all of those drivers.
Thanks for such a high quality content - very, very informative! 🤓 I think I'll just go and watch other goodness on this channel now - I'm sure I might find more helpful stuff for my project!
I am currently a junior majoring in Computer Engineering. I can spend hours looking for specific information out there, and it drives me crazy. You bring all the essential knowledge in one video and with excellent structure and explanations. I cannot thank you enough for these kind of videos!
This is all in one motor driver tutorial!
I didn’t not know about some of these drivers. Thank you for the amazing comparison!
Keep it up !
Great content as usual.
Minor nit pick. Vbe is 0.7V for bipolar transistors; Vce(sat) is 0.3V.
When using FETs, keep in mind that they cannot change from OFF to ON (or ON to OFF) instantaneously; there is a slew rate. When they are in this intermediate state, there is a voltage drop and a current flow; so they have to dissipate power as heat. It is nowhere near as bad as bipolar devices, but needs to be kept in mind when switching them very fast.
That's exactly the video I needed. As always, highest quality. Thank you!
Once more, thank you for this beautiful masterclass on controlling DC motors. Thoroughly enjoyed it. Do stay well.
This is a FANTASTIC treatise in motor control options!!! With some excellent tips and the 98% speed warning!!! I can't get enough of your instruction! Well done as always!!!
Although I have watched many of your videos I rarely but I wanted to stop and thank you for the excellent content that you provide. I am highly appreciative of your presentational style you're calm demeanor and your thorough and useful explanations. There have been multiple times where your videos have helped me understand concepts well enough to implement them in my experiments and projects and this has enriched the quality of my life. I sincerely appreciate your efforts. Thank you
I am always amazed how DroneBot Workshop present each topic in a very comprehensive and yet concise manner. It's like I'm reading a book but everything makes so much sense. I hope you would consider presenting courses in EdX, coursera, etc.
This is an amazing video, super comprehensive and offers multiple alternatives for different use-cases.
Better yet... it comes with an attached article with source code and library links.
BRILLIANT WORK
Im just a hobbyist when it comes to electronics and have been slowing learning an self teaching myself for a few years know and even though I may know how to use h bridge controllers I still feel you can learn more about things by listening to others especially ones who are well versed or educated on the topic I just found this channel and subbed after the linear ps video because of how well you did in making a high quality informative video an because you don't drag on one thing forever explaining it you condense the important points with enough detail to get the message across then move on and that's why these videos I feel are packed full of information in a decent run time and can be watched with ease.
😲 You forgot to say "Wipers" @ 50:24. 😄 I so love your videos! Your illustrations, diagrams and tutorials are the BEST! And I mean that. I'm still keeping my L298Ns. I'll use a wall wart on a project with no wheels. A Pinball Machine!! 🤣 Thank You, Sir!
Kind of a long video, but a ton of info was presented, all in a very detailed format as usual. Thanks for taking the time to put these together, folks really appreciate your efforts!
As an aircraft mechanic, A/P, with an Inspectors Authorization, IA, I’m just getting into this world…but I find your videos VERY informative and helpful. Thank you and I really appreciate your help in understanding in a way that I can develop my own projects. Cheers, new sub here👍
Nobody outside of Aviation cares about our credentials.
Bill,
I have watched many of your videos over the years. I have seen some of these motor drivers in those videos. But it is wonderful to have them all in one place compared to one another. It took me a few days to make it through this video. It is a great reference video that I am sure I will use over the years. Thank you for taking so much effort to create it. The quality is amazing. I really like those cytron boards. I especially liked the feature of it testing a motor without the microcontroller.
Great video! You can always expect the quality and information to be excellent when a new video pops up.
Thanks for all the time and effort you put into these.
Thank you so much for this video - I have been trying to wrap my head around the different microcontrollers for dc motors and always ended up confused! Such clear explanations-as always 🙏 Love your work! ❤
H-Bridge devices have so many different applications. They can be looked at primarily as a motor controller but I also use a H Bridge to convert the digital signal out from an Arduino to DCC +-15V square wave for HO/OO scale model railways. Very versatile device.
Alex from Germany, thank you so much for the video. Searched my brain out to find good content to this topic. Keep up the good work :)
Phenomenon! i start with electrical machines, this semestr. Great thnx Bill:)
Thank you! Your videos are so pleasant to watch and easy to understand!
Grand merci pour cet énorme travail de synthèse sur les drivers!
I just rceived my motors for my remote controlled lawnmower project yesterday... and today this video!
Coincedence or Syncronicity?
Either way... thanks Bill!
Love the effort you put in in your videos, I've come back to this video again and again as reference for the motor drivers. Appreciate your content a lot really helpful ❤️
Excellent video. I needed this as I’m building a CNC router. The drivers are the only thing I couldn’t quite grasp.
Thanks a bunch
EXCELLENT TOPIC! Thank you for sharing this knowledge, I've got some projects in mind that I'd love to apply this to.
Amazing video. I am a beginner but this video gave me the right answer were to start. Thanks!
You said the standby pin needs to be "pulled high". What does that mean?
This means that the input should be either high (usually 3.3 or 5v) or low (0v or ground). If there is no input, it may behave erratically because the pin is "floating". I don't remember which motor driver this was, but if you have the pin connected to a pin on a microcontroller, you're good.
Fantastic introduction to the world of controling motors. Your vids are brilliant. Keep up the good work 👏
Very informative content. I enjoy it. lol, this guy is interesting. I don’t think I’ve ever heard someone pronounce the arbitrary names of any circuit board so many times. I don’t think he skipped a single time saying the entire name of board when talking about them. Very funny. Most people would shorten them or only refer to a small portion of the name. Interesting guy.
the last one is was the one it taken a day to get there . now i need to get to how to set thread cutting speeds. with an arduino
You really know how to transfer knowledge! Great job, thanks for be so professional and provide excellent videos, very well explain and easy to follow.
Perfectly explained, the right speech speed and super diagrams.
I've got to admit that at 70 I'm too impatient to actually learn to code. I usually try an find some online project that looks like what I want to do and give it a try. Sometimes it works and sometimes it doesn't. But from that effort I pick up enough clues to come here and choose your video that seems about right, pay attention and usually get the thing going the way I wanted. Thanks for doing what you do.
Thank you so much 💖 and I wish all the happiness be with you professor
Thanks!
Thank you Marios!
Wish we'd been taught this stuff at school. Absolutely essential now!
Me too but microcontrollers and H bridges weren't popular in the classroom 55 years ago.
This channel deserves more recognition.
Not to be ignored are the motor controller boards that communicate with the Arduino via I2C. They only require two of the precious IO pins to drive your robot’s motors, and the libraries available to control them take care of all the setup details. People new to the sport will be best off sticking with brands such as SparkFun or Adafruit, and picking motors from the same places that they indicate are compatible with the board you choose.
HB
I2C is the way to go whenever possible.
At 3:40 I think you are confusing the base-emitter voltage drop of a bipolar transistor (about 0.7V) with Vce(sat) which is often on the order of 0.1V, similar to a MOSFET. Otherwise, amazing video. I can't believe the work you put in here!
Very comprehensive, very useful. Thank you very much!
Fantastic video, it's just what I've been looking for.
I've been building a 3d printed tank and I got stuck trying to figure out the electronics side of things, this video has been incredibly helpful and should allow me to move forward with the project.
Absoultley. Great info.
An awesome video for those people just started with DC motor controlling. Brilliant!!
Great video, real good information presented in a clear and thoughtful manner!
Please do a video on driving 3 phase dc motors found in old computer printers so we can all repurpose them :) love your content!
Thank you. I have been considering assembling a gate opener board. This is the perfect solution.
Super video on motor drivers!! All the best to you ...
Very comprehensive as usual, thanks for your efforts. I always learn a lot from your well made experiments.
32:53 This is the diagram I was looking for. I was wondering why there was no separate gnd/voltage for the logic. I didn't know you could just tie the gnd to the motor negative for logic and use the arduino 3v. Thanks a ton, liked and subscribed.
Cảm ơn bạn!
Thank You!
Very informative and well-presented! Thank you!
This is a godsend, exactly what I need for my next wannabe project, if I stop procrastinating, that is.
Thank you very much for the videos you do!
Great tutorial.
It will be appreciated if a display showing the motor speed could also be included.
Thanks, again, for the tutorial
Thank you for all your quality content
This video and tutorial is absolutely amazing! Thank you so much for putting together this clear, concise, tutorial. So much easier to understand! Looking forward to watching all of your other videos!
Master, I love the pr.oject. thanks
Thank you for another Great video, to complement this, I would follow up by showing how we can do current sensing on all, and also how to use an different types of motor encoders to demonstrate feedback control loop concepts.
This is so detailed and useful, thanks.
Great presentation as always! Cytron urc10 robot control board, which is UNO R3 and cytron 10/30 amp driver all on one board, is great project option. One power hookup and lots of pins.
👍 Very good course.
Thanks again for your efforts.
Great work Bill. I'm using the TB6612FNG in my latest project but only driving one motor. But thanks to your vid I've just ordered a DRV8817 to replace it. Keep up the good work!
Would love to see video on motors with position feedback.
Thanks for another wonderful video. I learned a lot.
Thanks for this great content! I always find your videos well researched and accessible. Please keep them coming!
I don't understand why transistor drop for bipolar transistor is 0.7v. Vce drop is usually in the order of 0.1-0.2v. 0.7v sounds like Vbe which is not applicable here. 3:47
These are Darlington pairs, which if I remember correctly work with the main conducting transistor always conducts in its active region and never in its saturation region, leading to a much higher voltage drop. When the datasheet talks about the VCE "in saturation" it refers to when the input transistor is saturated
These are Darlington pairs, a single transistor made of two paired BJTs. Due to the circuit dynamics of the pair the input transistor does get saturated but output transistor (the one that actually conducts) never does, staying in its active region. This leads to a much higher VCE when "saturated" compared to a single BJT, however the pair can handle a much higher current and is extremely sensitive to small signals
that was very revelling & did infect answer a questions or tow i have still have to get in to wring the set up. And loop for the ono but at lest now i may have a drivers to handle the job thank you a lot once has figured out how to put it together on my lath.
Thanks Bill for another excellent 👍👌 video.
thank you from Morocco
Thanks so much, I am from Brazil and I can understand you very well,
Great as always! Thank you!
Great teacher. This was really good. Thanks!
Just to add ... if you try to 'roll our own' H-bridge, timing of the 'switches' is important! It is VERY easy to momentarily short out to ground and release the magic smoke!
This is a very well conceived and instructive tutorial.
However, the most versatile motor controller I know of was left out.
This is Basic Micro's ROBOCLAW.
It comes in different sizes but the most common is the Roboclaw 2x7 capable of driving two motors drawing up to 7 Amp each.
This controller has the ability of processing signal coming from motor encoders and controlling the motor's speed via a PID (Proportional, Integral, Derivative) feedback loop.
thx. amazing presentation
Thank you for this very interesting video and workshop! Best regards from Germany!
Please make video on FOC and how we can use it for position controlling of BLDC motor.
👍
Would be great to see this
Electronoobs has a video on FOC PMSM control, but I'd like to see Bill's take on the topic as well.
Hi Bill, great video! Thanks for trying out Cytron's MD25HV and happy that you like it.
Cool video ! Also, at 46:00 that's a nice power supply, it reacts super fast.
On your digital writes for dir, best to always set low first to allow residuals or motor current ground access before power. Saves gates. Also snubber circuit if you want to change dir while in motion(even if not driving). Allows path to ground. Charge pumps work that way and you can get much current on 'brake'.💕🤗
Another great video!
Nice variety in coverage. Bless 🙏
Yet another amazing video,this truly magnificent.keep up the good work ❤️❤️❤️
👍😃 Fantastic video! Thank You‼️
channels like this make our traditional school system looking obsolete
I couldn't find any like this. Thank you🎉
Great info, and just what I was looking for... Thanks!
Great video, helped a TON with my project. Sadly I already ordered 5 of the L298N, but I got them super cheap so went ahead and ordered the ones I need, the TB6612FNG. Problem with the first one is that huge heatsink, and I only need 12v so 2nd one was perfect.
at 9:20 what does 'strap' mean? I can't find anything on them by simple googling
In simple terms when using DC brushed motors, what is the main difference between an ESC you buy for a hobby grade RC car & the receiver/motor control board you find in a toy grade RC car? It seem PWM is what separates them?
BTW: I see eBayers selling Wheel Chair motors without wheels. I found that Harbor Freight pneumatic wheels with 4 bolt holes line up perfectly, and cost around $5. You should knock out the inside bearing to fit the hub nut, and fill the tire with Fix a Flat or Slime since the valve stem will be on the inside mount side. I think they are the 4-5 in rim, white wheels. The IBT-2 45 amp motor controller works on a wheel chair motor. You can get the IBT-2 cheap 2 for $15. I bench tested my Wheel chair motor yesterday and it only pulled 10-12 amps under no load so there is plenty of amps left for a load. I believe DWS said the IBT-2 were 30 Amps continuous. 43 peak. I just looked on eBay Wheel Chair motor prices have skyrocketed They run from $130 to $200 each. It might be better to look on Craigslist and buy a whole chair for $100-300 from an estate sale. 5 years ago I got 2 eBay motors without wheels for $75. I also had 2 chairs given to me when a friend's mother passed away
Perfect presentation!
Excellent, love your video
I been seeing all these dc driver cicuit , no one has said there are 3 different types of cicuit
Thanks! Very detailed and comprehensive!!!
Great explanation in your video. Very Professional.