I have watched a dozen or more videos discussing and demonstrating mokume gane, and yours has been the best - the most clarity, the most straight-forward, the simplest demonstration and explanation. Maybe some of it is just that you are quite casual and conversational - just sitting and talking and showing us what to do, nothing fancy about it, which I find to be charming and *extremely* helpful. I am so glad I found your channel! Thank you!
Oh thank you! I'm very behind with my polymer clay videos in this heatwave (we have no aircon, like most houses in the UK) so I've made a fun video to put up today(ish) with a polymer clay one to follow soon (I hope). xx
I was JUST going to post this exact same sentiment. Excellent instruction. I'm new to polymer and hers is definitely the easiest and best instruction. Excellent. Thank you. My hardest decision now is which colors to combine! :D
When you started poking and cutting it, I was like "What ~ is~ she~ doing? That is just weird, please don't" at the end I was like " She is so amazing!!! DON"T STOP!!!!" That was a wonderful tutorial even the colour combination was AMAZING!!! Thank you for sharing this.
Xuliela, I know just what you mean! 😂 watching the “punching holes process” feels like watching someone painting a masterpiece and then smearing paint all over the top! Cringe!! But it’s ohhh so rewarding once that first slice is taken and you see that the true masterpiece is within! Shouldn’t that be a metaphor for something emotional or poetic? “And what she knew all along was that the true masterpiece is within…”
do so enjoy your tutorials. I enjoy your quirky sense of humor and your ability to laugh at yourself. Thanks for suggesting uses of your canes and other projects. I feel you really enjoy Polymer Clay and your various projects.
I thought you were nuts when you pressed all those shapes in and then squished the thing back into a block. I gasped out loud when you sliced. Thrilled to try my own now. Thank you for sharing this technique!!!
This was a wonderful tutorial and one I was able to follow to create my veneer which I then wrapped/formed around some pen tubes to create a beautiful fountain pen. Many thanks, this was so easy to follow for someone very new to polymer clay.
You are a great teacher!! Thank you for this & your other videos.. You explain everything in great detail & leave nothing to chance... so I don't have mistakes by omitted information!! MUCH appreciated!! ❤
Haha, it's a fun technique isn't it? There's a video on my channel somewhere, where my son does a voiceover while I do this but he has no idea what I am doing, or how it will look. His confusion, followed by his surprised reaction, is really funny. xx
I love this technique and use it a lot. I have a box full of bits that have interesting shapes including nylon gears from an old photocopier! it's like magic when you find out what you have 'accidentally' designed! Your colours really pop! I'll have to try them! thanks for a great demo!
Amazing! I'm very very new to playing with polymer clay, and I look forward to getting to the point where I can try this technique. Thanks so very much!
Another winner, as always. When you mentioned having 'a croaky voice' I laughed so hard I could not see the screen. I usually say 'I sound like I swallowed a frog' but that will now change. Croaky voice is another winner. Thx!
+Unruly Housewife I haven't ever aspired to be 'normal'. IMHO I think it would be boring. I avoid being predictable. And I prefer not to be categorized. If I had to select a category for moi I would prefer 'unique'. If interested in joining me I certainly would enjoy your company. Lots of laughter and 'claying around'. I doubt it would ever be boring!
Great tutorial! Although I already knew how to do this, I am so thankful that I enjoy your videos so much that I watched your version anyway! I have NEVER thought about making thicker slices like you did. I have struggled too accomplish this technique using the old standard of bending the blade to take small paper thin skimmed slices off the mokume gane block. I couldn't do that well, nor could I hold the blade bent as such. Having MS greatly affects my hand coordination and gives me the shakes---definitely NOT what you want when you are holding a razor blade! But these thicker slices would be easier for me! I can even use my clay slicer! Val, I just love your videos. You always have some brilliant nugget of inspiration, no matter the topic! My confidence is building because of you! Thank you!--Leslie
You're welcome! There's another video on here somewhere, where I get my son to do the voiceover but he has no idea what I am doing. It's so funny, especially when the reveal happens 😂
I joined the Hop! FB group as you suggested. I am so glad. Thus far, I have some burnt to charcoal beads and a scorched can lid to display. I find though that the early failure has not dimmed in interest in trying new things with polymer clay!
like your history intro which is funny when you comment ab adding 'metal paper'. Goes back to where it began using metals. I, also was just experimenting eons ago and liked glint rather than glitter (back then). I use gold leaf flakes and just gently rub them on with my finger to make a very thin layer between your clay layers and before cut to make the initial block. That way part of the design but get little flexs of gold or whatever colour flakes you have (i like combos). Although an old hand I have subscribed and will tell others as your enjoyment and fun shines through encouraging others to try rather than just watch and move on. Thank you for sharing
What an interesting technique! This is definitely on my "will do" list!! Thanks for demonstrating it! (And, yea, 😁 I could not fathom where you were going with it when you were poking those holes and shapes! Your reveal was great!)
Thank you for sharing such a detailed and clear tutorial. Every step was so interesting. I've just started following you a few weeks ago and I enjoy all your videos. Thank you!
I’ve just recently stumbled across your videos but i believe i have watched most of them in The past couple days. Love your personality and your way of teaching! You make everything so easy and the laughs are wonderful too!
I love the blue in these. I also love “unruly housewife “ I am unpredictable, I am a mousy housewife but deep down inside I scream to be wild & crazy. Thanks for sharing your video with us. I am going to have to try this. Thanks
i have yet to get this technique to work but man when it you & others show it it loooks sooo awesome (i think i using the wrong type of knife.) for now im going to stick with the Natasha cane, but i;ll keep practicing this!
Hello, thank you very much for your videos. Tell you that I have searched in all of them for the technique of image transfers in polymer clay. I would appreciate it if at some point you could teach us this technique. And ask yourself if Cernit Number one polymer clay is suitable for image transfer, either by decoupage or by laser printing on copy paper. Thank you so much!!!!
Oh it really is. There's a video on here where I get my son to do a voice-over for me making a block like this... but he has no idea what I'm doing. It's hilarious.
Another excellent video, thanks so much for showing me how to do this. I really enjoy watching your videos, you're .such a natural good fun person, it feels a bit like going round to a friends for a cup of tea vand a chat.😊
Very. Ice. Some artist say to use the lightest color at the bottom. I have tried it and it's fascinating. Every slice is a surprise. Thanks for sharing.
You made this technique look so easy. Very easy to understand. Thank you. Also can you help me by telling me where I can buy a roller like yours. Ive been searching for days. Thanks.x
Hi Shelly. I'm not sure if you mean my pasta machine, or my acrylic rolling pin... Either way the answer is Amazon lol. The pasta machine I use is an Atlas, but cheaper ones are available (always give your clay a good squish, to make it softer, before rolling). Acrylic rolling pins usually fall into the cake decorating category of Amazon, or other shops. Hope that helps. xx
Great video of a super technique. I like your way of teaching. Perhaps, if you’ve cut rather regular slices, you could tear them apart to get more random pieces to put on you base? Just a thought, I haven’t tried it myself, but the idea just came to me. 🤪 Thank you.
Have you ever changed the color with other colors ( 3 or so differs block color circles) this very cool 😎. Thank you 💗 ... you give great hint to making you Art better!!! I live in Florida,so the fridge is my friend ,had to learn this the hard way , was leaving it out overnight it was so soft !!! ( cheap) I thought...it came in the kits from Amazon so I thought it was different to what you were using !!! 🤪
This is amazing! I know u posted this 4yrs ago so I hope u see this comment to answer my question! I'm new to polymer clay and I wanna know if u can use this design for buttons? If so how would I do that?
Sure... Arrange the slices on a background sheet of clay, to make a slab. Lay paper over it and burnish lightly, to blend in any joins. Go for a decent size to thickness ratio. Cut out using shaped cutters but put cling film over first, then cut. This makes nice rounded edges. Remove any stuck cling film with sellotape. Make holes with a tool, or toothpick. Bake for at least 45 mins using a pre-heated oven and an oven thermometer. Sand VERY lightly and buff with soft denim.
Thank you! There's one on my channel where I make some of this pattern and my son does the voiceover... But he has no idea what I am doing, or what the outcome will look like. It's pretty funny. 😂
Can this thin layer of clay be attached to pieces of wood and then dried? I want to make some mermaid tail, hair sticks with this lovely decorating method.
As I understand it, it is best to bake the wood for a little while first, in a low oven, so that it dries out. You might want to sand it, if it has varnish on. Then coat it with something like white glue, wood glue, or gesso, and let it really get dry. This seals the wood, ready for you to add clay and bake, according to the manufacturer's instructions. That is supposed to stop areas of the clay from lifting up, due to moisture. THAT SAID, I haven't tried it - so maybe experiment with some scrap clay before you jump in? If you need to glue it, Weldbond is good, I hear. I need to try this on some wood myself! xx
Thanks, my woods are kiln dried already so I will do the glue, dry and then apply and then do I bake it on the wood, that would seem to be when the clay would bond to the glue? Or should another coating of some bonding agent be applied? Also have your ever made hair sticks?
Betsye Parnell No, I have never made them. I think probably just bake it right on there as it is. Then once it has fully cooled, test it. If it isn't attached properly, glue it with Weldbond. But that's my opinion based on what I have picked up - I'm not certain. Please let me know how it goes xx
Betsye, did you ever make your hair sticks? How did it turn out. Am Curious because that is exactly what I'm wandering the interwebs for, inspiration for my hair sticks. I have some wood that has been drying for five years, I guess it wouldn't hurt to bake them a bit, just to be on the safe side.
I have watched a dozen or more videos discussing and demonstrating mokume gane, and yours has been the best - the most clarity, the most straight-forward, the simplest demonstration and explanation. Maybe some of it is just that you are quite casual and conversational - just sitting and talking and showing us what to do, nothing fancy about it, which I find to be charming and *extremely* helpful.
I am so glad I found your channel! Thank you!
Oh thank you! I'm very behind with my polymer clay videos in this heatwave (we have no aircon, like most houses in the UK) so I've made a fun video to put up today(ish) with a polymer clay one to follow soon (I hope). xx
I was JUST going to post this exact same sentiment. Excellent instruction. I'm new to polymer and hers is definitely the easiest and best instruction. Excellent. Thank you. My hardest decision now is which colors to combine! :D
Exactly what she said 💕
I agree💯
When you started poking and cutting it, I was like "What ~ is~ she~ doing? That is just weird, please don't" at the end I was like " She is so amazing!!! DON"T STOP!!!!" That was a wonderful tutorial even the colour combination was AMAZING!!! Thank you for sharing this.
Xuliela, I know just what you mean! 😂 watching the “punching holes process” feels like watching someone painting a masterpiece and then smearing paint all over the top! Cringe!!
But it’s ohhh so rewarding once that first slice is taken and you see that the true masterpiece is within!
Shouldn’t that be a metaphor for something emotional or poetic? “And what she knew all along was that the true masterpiece is within…”
Great tutorial! Love the blues. So pretty!
I love it "I said I'm a rebel not an idiot", Fantastic!!! Thumbs up and glad to have you as a new teacher.
do so enjoy your tutorials. I enjoy your quirky sense of humor and your ability to laugh at yourself. Thanks for suggesting uses of your canes and other projects. I feel you really enjoy Polymer Clay and your various projects.
"I'm a rebel, not an idiot"...my coffee is now splattered on the floor 🤣
i loved that quote too :D
I thought you were nuts when you pressed all those shapes in and then squished the thing back into a block. I gasped out loud when you sliced. Thrilled to try my own now. Thank you for sharing this technique!!!
This was a wonderful tutorial and one I was able to follow to create my veneer which I then wrapped/formed around some pen tubes to create a beautiful fountain pen. Many thanks, this was so easy to follow for someone very new to polymer clay.
SHE"S A TRUE REBEL!!!! TEACH ME YOUR WAYS!!!!
Very cool! I’m very new to polymers and always excited to try new things. Love your sense of humor!
Thanks ❤
This video is great!!! Very straight forward to easily understand! Love your accent and enthusiasm!
I’m a new Subscriber 😊. These patterns are lovely and I really like this technique. Thanks for the tutorial
One of the most interesting & forgiving techniques out there :) I enjoy watching all the different ways people make their patterns.
Tracy Westby Me too, you never know what will emerge! xx
You are a great teacher!! Thank you for this & your other videos.. You explain everything in great detail & leave nothing to chance... so I don't have mistakes by omitted information!! MUCH appreciated!! ❤
This was an easy to follow tutorial. Thanks for sharing ❤
You’re so cute, I love your commentary. I can’t wait to try this out, it really creates neat patterns. Thank you so much for sharing 💖
Excellent demo. Clear and concise instructions and beautifully executed.
So beautiful !!!❤️❤️ I am definitely going to try this today. I have already subscribed to your channel.
I LOVE IT! Thank you for teaching...beautiful...
Beautiful! Love your choice of colors! You are easy to follow so thank you!!!
Thank you Joannie! xx
Wonderful tutorial!!! Thank you
Love your sence of humour :D. Great tutorial! Thank you very much!
That was brilliant. Thank you Unruly Housewife!
This is a really fun-looking method! Thank you!
My jaw dropped to the floor at 9:45 😍😍😍 dopamine levels sky rocketed!
Haha, it's a fun technique isn't it? There's a video on my channel somewhere, where my son does a voiceover while I do this but he has no idea what I am doing, or how it will look. His confusion, followed by his surprised reaction, is really funny. xx
Wow!! Just found you and am so happy I did!
What a lovely effect! Thank you 😊
Beautiful, would love to see the finished pieces❤
I love this technique and use it a lot. I have a box full of bits that have interesting shapes including nylon gears from an old photocopier! it's like magic when you find out what you have 'accidentally' designed! Your colours really pop! I'll have to try them! thanks for a great demo!
Thanks Liz. I really like the shallow versions of this with planned patterns on... When I feel I know enough I might do a video about that. xx
Amazing! I'm very very new to playing with polymer clay, and I look forward to getting to the point where I can try this technique. Thanks so very much!
Fabulous! I love it. Thanks for sharing. 💗
Another winner, as always. When you mentioned having 'a croaky voice' I laughed so hard I could not see the screen. I usually say 'I sound like I swallowed a frog' but that will now change. Croaky voice is another winner. Thx!
Haha! I think in the UK that's a normal thing to say... I may be wrong, I'm not exactly normal.
+Unruly Housewife
I haven't ever aspired to be 'normal'. IMHO I think it would be boring. I avoid being predictable. And I prefer not to be categorized. If I had to select a category for moi I would prefer 'unique'. If interested in joining me I certainly would enjoy your company. Lots of laughter and 'claying around'. I doubt it would ever be boring!
I used this technique for the first time and love it! Thank you!!
This is gorgeous and fun to do! thanks for sharing. You are fun to watch too.
Thanks Mary!xx
Great tutorial! Although I already knew how to do this, I am so thankful that I enjoy your videos so much that I watched your version anyway! I have NEVER thought about making thicker slices like you did. I have struggled too accomplish this technique using the old standard of bending the blade to take small paper thin skimmed slices off the mokume gane block. I couldn't do that well, nor could I hold the blade bent as such. Having MS greatly affects my hand coordination and gives me the shakes---definitely NOT what you want when you are holding a razor blade! But these thicker slices would be easier for me! I can even use my clay slicer! Val, I just love your videos. You always have some brilliant nugget of inspiration, no matter the topic! My confidence is building because of you! Thank you!--Leslie
creativepzazz That's so sweet, thank you. And yes, totally use your clay slicer, that would be perfect! x
Love it !!!!!
Turned out very pretty. love your choice of colours thank you
Very cool! Thank YOU! I'm gonna do lots of this technique. 🌈💖🌊
Oh my word! THANK YOU! i have to try this
You're welcome! There's another video on here somewhere, where I get my son to do the voiceover but he has no idea what I am doing. It's so funny, especially when the reveal happens 😂
I joined the Hop! FB group as you suggested. I am so glad. Thus far, I have some burnt to charcoal beads and a scorched can lid to display. I find though that the early failure has not dimmed in interest in trying new things with polymer clay!
Love this technique as you never know quite what you will get. The colour combo you used is gorgeous, love blues.
Thanks! It looks better in real life too (unless it's just my monitor making it look a bit grey, haha! xx
Unruly Housewife, the colours look great. It's given me a bit of an idea for a Christmas theme 🤔
like your history intro which is funny when you comment ab adding 'metal paper'. Goes back to where it began using metals. I, also was just experimenting eons ago and liked glint rather than glitter (back then). I use gold leaf flakes and just gently rub them on with my finger to make a very thin layer between your clay layers and before cut to make the initial block. That way part of the design but get little flexs of gold or whatever colour flakes you have (i like combos). Although an old hand I have subscribed and will tell others as your enjoyment and fun shines through encouraging others to try rather than just watch and move on. Thank you for sharing
im rather new to this kind of abstract art and i really enjoy this tutorial. You helped me a lot, thank you very much!
Thank you for sharing the Mokume Gane it was beautiful love the colours! I am learning so much from you thanks again! Liz x
I haven't tried this technique yet, but it's been on my list! Thanks for sharing.
There are a few ways of doing it, so look around on UA-cam and then jump in! :D xx
Unruly Housewife Oh, yes, I've already watched several! Anytime I see a technique that interests me, I look all over the Internet! 🙂👍
Nice and lighthearted.
What an interesting technique! This is definitely on my "will do" list!! Thanks for demonstrating it! (And, yea, 😁 I could not fathom where you were going with it when you were poking those holes and shapes! Your reveal was great!)
I love doing reveals - my Batik Effect video is a bit like that but more predictable. Good luck with it! xx :D
Thank you for sharing such a detailed and clear tutorial. Every step was so interesting. I've just started following you a few weeks ago and I enjoy all your videos. Thank you!
That is gorgeous! 🥰
I’ve just recently stumbled across your videos but i believe i have watched most of them in The past couple days. Love your personality and your way of teaching! You make everything so easy and the laughs are wonderful too!
I love the blue in these. I also love “unruly housewife “ I am unpredictable, I am a mousy housewife but deep down inside I scream to be wild & crazy. Thanks for sharing your video with us. I am going to have to try this. Thanks
I truly enjoy your videos. I am not one to say much but I do enjoy your videos.Thank you for them.
Thank you! xx
So cool! Love it!
i have yet to get this technique to work but man when it you & others show it it loooks sooo awesome (i think i using the wrong type of knife.) for now im going to stick with the Natasha cane, but i;ll keep practicing this!
Yeah this kind of knife is a "tissue blade" - they are pretty inexpensive. Natasha beads are gorgeous though. xx
Beautiful! Thanks for sharing :) I have just recently happened upon your channel and am loving your tutorials and great sense of humour 👍
Hello, thank you very much for your videos. Tell you that I have searched in all of them for the technique of image transfers in polymer clay. I would appreciate it if at some point you could teach us this technique. And ask yourself if Cernit Number one polymer clay is suitable for image transfer, either by decoupage or by laser printing on copy paper. Thank you so much!!!!
Thank you I just completed the tutorial and my cane looks so cool I'm so excited to put it in earrings 😄 🤩
Aw that's excellent ❤️
Love this technique. Thanks for another great video Valorie
You're most welcome! xx
Wow! I've never heard of this. Looks really fun.
Oh it really is. There's a video on here where I get my son to do a voice-over for me making a block like this... but he has no idea what I'm doing. It's hilarious.
This was fantastic thankyou - now I have to give it a try - I dont have a pasta machine yet though
Pretty awesome, thanks.
Very Cool...love this technique...thanks for teaching us how
Ooooooh 😍
It’s currently nearly 4am (can’t sleep) and I’m trying to stop myself getting up and having a go right now! 😂 Lovely. Thank you.
WOW !!! thank you, you have given me exactly what I was looking for !!!
Another excellent video, thanks so much for showing me how to do this. I really enjoy watching your videos, you're .such a natural good fun person, it feels a bit like going round to a friends for a cup of tea vand a chat.😊
Thank you, that's great - exactly how I hoped it would feel. xx
Wow, what a fab technique, thanks for sharing
Very cool tutorial! That's the fun part of art and craft - doing something messy that turns out something beautiful!
Wow!!! Incredible!!!
Very. Ice. Some artist say to use the lightest color at the bottom. I have tried it and it's fascinating. Every slice is a surprise. Thanks for sharing.
Thank you!
Amazing!! Thank you so much
Love ur videos UR A GREAT TEACHER! THANKS FOR UR VIDEOS
You made this technique look so easy. Very easy to understand. Thank you. Also can you help me by telling me where I can buy a roller like yours. Ive been searching for days. Thanks.x
Hi Shelly. I'm not sure if you mean my pasta machine, or my acrylic rolling pin... Either way the answer is Amazon lol.
The pasta machine I use is an Atlas, but cheaper ones are available (always give your clay a good squish, to make it softer, before rolling).
Acrylic rolling pins usually fall into the cake decorating category of Amazon, or other shops. Hope that helps. xx
Fascinating tutorial, but how do you harden/fire the veneer in order to to create something?
@@jumperpence Polymer Clay can be cured (baked) in a home oven, following the instructions on the packaging.
Really cool! Thanks!
Thank you .. Very interesting .. Newbe here but still love each viedo.
Beautiful ❤
Always enjoy your videos. Followed your color pallet and got great results. As always, thanks for sharing.
So glad it went well, thank you for telling me! xx
Very interesting technique. I really enjoyed watching you. Have a blessed day. 💕🙏🏼
Very cool! Can't wait to try this!
I love watching your channel. Thank you for all of your shows.
Thanks so much for sharing.. fun to watch and I have learned something.
Thanks! I've learned (after adding subtitles) that I never shut up! LOL
Great video of a super technique. I like your way of teaching. Perhaps, if you’ve cut rather regular slices, you could tear them apart to get more random pieces to put on you base? Just a thought, I haven’t tried it myself, but the idea just came to me. 🤪 Thank you.
Have you ever changed the color with other colors ( 3 or so differs block color circles) this very cool 😎. Thank you 💗 ... you give great hint to making you Art better!!! I live in Florida,so the fridge is my friend ,had to learn this the hard way , was leaving it out overnight it was so soft !!! ( cheap) I thought...it came in the kits from Amazon so I thought it was different to what you were using !!! 🤪
Use any colours, just make sure they contrast well. Twist some little snakes of the colours together first and see if they look pretty.
This is absolutely beautiful btw. I learn so much from watching you!
Thank you very much for this lovely tutorial
This is amazing! I know u posted this 4yrs ago so I hope u see this comment to answer my question! I'm new to polymer clay and I wanna know if u can use this design for buttons? If so how would I do that?
Sure... Arrange the slices on a background sheet of clay, to make a slab. Lay paper over it and burnish lightly, to blend in any joins. Go for a decent size to thickness ratio. Cut out using shaped cutters but put cling film over first, then cut. This makes nice rounded edges. Remove any stuck cling film with sellotape. Make holes with a tool, or toothpick. Bake for at least 45 mins using a pre-heated oven and an oven thermometer. Sand VERY lightly and buff with soft denim.
@@UnrulyHousewife perfect thank you so much!
beautiful colors!!
Beautiful!!!
very well made.thank you
Beautiful. Very helpful!
Love this, plan on trying it. You give such great instructions
It's beautiful
Very well done. Thanks.
:D Thank you! xx
very very nice!
Wonderful technique!
You crack me up, love your videos x
awesome thanks for the tutorial going to give it a bash
Yay! xx
Love your video
Thank you! There's one on my channel where I make some of this pattern and my son does the voiceover... But he has no idea what I am doing, or what the outcome will look like. It's pretty funny. 😂
I am definitely going to try this. Thank you so much!
Very pretty!
Wonderful
Can this thin layer of clay be attached to pieces of wood and then dried? I want to make some mermaid tail, hair sticks with this lovely decorating method.
As I understand it, it is best to bake the wood for a little while first, in a low oven, so that it dries out. You might want to sand it, if it has varnish on. Then coat it with something like white glue, wood glue, or gesso, and let it really get dry. This seals the wood, ready for you to add clay and bake, according to the manufacturer's instructions. That is supposed to stop areas of the clay from lifting up, due to moisture. THAT SAID, I haven't tried it - so maybe experiment with some scrap clay before you jump in? If you need to glue it, Weldbond is good, I hear.
I need to try this on some wood myself! xx
Thanks, my woods are kiln dried already so I will do the glue, dry and then apply and then do I bake it on the wood, that would seem to be when the clay would bond to the glue? Or should another coating of some bonding agent be applied? Also have your ever made hair sticks?
Betsye Parnell No, I have never made them. I think probably just bake it right on there as it is. Then once it has fully cooled, test it. If it isn't attached properly, glue it with Weldbond. But that's my opinion based on what I have picked up - I'm not certain. Please let me know how it goes xx
Betsye, did you ever make your hair sticks? How did it turn out. Am Curious because that is exactly what I'm wandering the interwebs for, inspiration for my hair sticks. I have some wood that has been drying for five years, I guess it wouldn't hurt to bake them a bit, just to be on the safe side.