What's fascinating? The guy takes a working radar, talkes about the sdr radar theory and pretends he filmed a video series "how to build a radar". What a joke.
Just found your channel and I love the easily understandable, but still very technical style of explanation. This is super cool knowledge that I love having, thank you for teaching!
Best series on practical radar fundamentals around. Can't wait for season 2! It has been super helpful to take the Phaser from a bit of complex hardware to useful experimentation.
Love these videos. I've never had the chance to study or play with radar, but having a background in electronics and maths it's still super easy to follow.
Many thanks! So interresting. Theorical papers are easy to found. It is easy to build basics doppler low cost radar. Here, I discover the power of array and chirp in doppler.
Looking forward to your phased array series, it is probably one of the coolest applications of signal processing, RF electronics and EM theory I know of!
as someone who worked on radar for a short while, i am blown away with this project. i would be shocked if you're not snapped up by some defence contractor. or maybe that's how you got your knowledge? hehe
Great series it videos. I built a few FMCW back in grad school (1995) and we used YIG oscillators to get the bandwidth. Amazing that can be done in a couple of chip these days.
Turbine and propeller modulations are part of the radar target processing on Air Defense Radars. You can see Russian Bear bomber propellers at max Doppler range. The bomber itself needs to get closer before the Doppler tracker locks-on to it. But we also had pulse radar that saw the bombers if they were high enough (Beyond the Horizon) at twice the range of the Doppler radar.
This has been an excellent series. Great informative content in nicely sized episodes. Really look forward to the phased array series. Seeing additional vertical bars in "street demo" range vs. velocity plot at 3.75, 7.5 m/s either side of 0 m/s suggests 1/2 and 1/4 wavelength interference, or is it an artifact of the FFT? The street demo really brought all the pieces together. Can see a number of ways to modify parameters, and software to experiment in different ways. Thanks for sharing.
Amazing work! What is the maximum range of this setup? Could you please tell how to calculate the FoV beam(the area that a radar setup covers in 3-dimensions)?
Suggestion: The 8 channel patch antenna board works from 10 to 10.5 GHz, while the ADAR1000 board working frequency band is 8-16 GHz. Therefore, I think, phaser should be separated from the the 8-channel antenna arrays. The end user benefit would be that any 8-channel antenna arrays in the frequency band (8-16 GHz) can be connected to the phaser through SMA connectors. This will extend the operating frequency range of the phaser for more general beamforming applications in the 8-16 GHz frequency range. Thanks
Yes, you can disconnect the built in 8 element antenna and solder in 8 SMP connectors. There's spots for that, please see the schematic at wiki.analog.com/phaser Then you can use your own antenna with an SMP or SMA connector. You could also change the frequency, but you'd have to desolder/solder in different filters.
thanks very very cool work is that the range ? 40m for a bigger target say 10x bigger, of size 200cm, how far out should you be able to see it on top of the noise, and will the speed of the target effect its radar profile ?
What kind of an amplifier would you recommend for this setup? I'm just starting in the field and was thinking about building a drone tracking radar to learn, I'd like a bit more range to experiment. Thanks for the great videos!
You know you are dealing with an RF engineer when they call 100 MHz "nearly DC" (~8:00). Also, I think I'd love a longer explanation of how the FFT across slow time gets you doppler *from FM/stretch processing*. Each range bin is a potential *beat frequency* you could have been measuring...? No, each range bin is the actual beat frequency you are measuring, scaled against the original chirp? So doppler is how that beat is changing in slow time?
Check out my friend Marshall Bruner's channel here: www.youtube.com/@MarshallBrunerRF His next video will cover this, and will definitely explain it much better than me!
Very nice work. How easy is to use it as a classic radar? Without use it on drone just install it to a roof. What other components may need to increase the range to typical radar range? (such as a PA)
This may sound like an insane question, but is there radar sensitive enough to both detect a mosquito at relatively near distance, but positively identify it due to counting the microdoppler of its wings beating at a certain hertz?
Hi Jon, I have follwed your CW radar project and in part 6 - by masking the background I think you Solving a Problem that are most costly losing radio controled planes. Let me explane. I am a hobby scale rc pilot attending to competitions where some rcplanes trippled the cost of the range doppler. By making a treshold of the nearby terran like trees I think we likely be able to safe "call" one on final. Last year competition one pilot lost 8000$ of equipment and 300 hours build hours by misjudging terran doing final while colliding with a three. Also we got another competition where rc pilots needs to turned around a pylon before going 180. Normaly this is done by officials sitting under the pylon calling it by vision but it is very unreliable. Could CW radar do it more precisely? We are using 2.4 Ghz or 900 MHz with FHSS or DSSS Q1. Is there any chance of interference - could the CW project "shoot" us down? Q2. Could the software at present assist us or needs it a slight moddification? Your thoughts much appreciated Best regards Henrik Malmvig - OY 4741
Thanks! Assuming you mean improve range to 400m to see this small 249g drone. Two things need to be improved: improve the hardware and improve the signal processing. Hardware can be improved via that range equation from the first video. i.e. more Tx power, more directive antennas, etc. Signal processing is things like MTI, clutter suppression, integrating pulses, etc. Lots could be done on both of those ends. I'm just showing the concepts and a minimum working example. It would take non-trivial work on both hardware and software to get a reliable target at 400m.
@@jonkraft Thanks for the reply. Your videos are popular both among my friends in FAANG and miltech developers in Ukraine making all kinds of stuff including phased array radars. Drones are a serious issue as you may know. And it is getting worse with addition of machine vision. I'm mean not only here, it is a global security issue. Personally I'm building an acoustic array to help defend our skies and more or less know its possibilities from simulations and early prototypes. Hope to finish a full scale prototype this summer and try it out on a test ground to help counter Iranian suicide drones Shaheds. Good luck with your series!
@@KostiantynKostin Thanks again. I really like the idea of acoustic arrays, I think that has a lot of merit for drone detection. Glad you are supporting Ukraine with this.
Any university library will have all you need. Also look at IEEE article titles, and have the librarian get you a copy of the paper. You can't afford the books. They have an academic tax on them. Just look at them in the library, and copy the pages of interest with your hand scanner.
So you have nine bins on the Fast Time axis, separated by the sampling rate of the data convertor, something like microseconds. Is there one ADC reading in each bin? 8 bins is enough for an FFT, but do you really have a lot more?
Right, with modern data converters its very easy to get thousands of samples. I think this data was a couple thousand complex (IQ) data points per chirp.
I think the drawing is simplified. Your going to have say 1024 time samples to give 1024 FFT frequency samples per range scan to give Doppler resolution. Triangle waves are not as good as sawtooth waves. The abrupt return to min frequency is a discontinuity.
Probably not the speed, as the blades are horizontal to the radar view, but the faster the rotation, the wider the blade Doppler is from the target Doppler. The blade tips are much faster than the RPM of the propeller.
Okay but your not measuring the actual Dopplershift right? Or am I missing something. And if that's true why is it then still called Doppler when it would be more accurate to say radial velocity.
In an earlier part of the series, it was suggested that pauses in the frequency modulation ramp, where the frequency is held constant, would be good places to look for Doppler shifts. If the picture at 0:51 is correct, this wasn't done. I guess if things work out, you could have two beat frequencies: one for Doppler at a particular frequency and one for the range.
Na, it's the Americans Germans French and ***'s that are constructing the devices and conducting the experiments. The ukrainians and russians are just the testing medium
Good explanations, but I don't find any interest in detecting things I can see directly with my own eyes ! View is the best technology ever developped !
I can't wait for the phased array series! W00t
Not gonna Lie. _This is actually fascinating_
a really good, real life example of tech , physics & math in *Practicality*
What's fascinating? The guy takes a working radar, talkes about the sdr radar theory and pretends he filmed a video series "how to build a radar". What a joke.
Just found your channel and I love the easily understandable, but still very technical style of explanation. This is super cool knowledge that I love having, thank you for teaching!
Best series on practical radar fundamentals around. Can't wait for season 2! It has been super helpful to take the Phaser from a bit of complex hardware to useful experimentation.
Love these videos. I've never had the chance to study or play with radar, but having a background in electronics and maths it's still super easy to follow.
it's pretty cool that a little diy radar is sensitive enough to detect a drone by the micro-doppler reflections of the drone's plastic rotors
Many thanks! So interresting. Theorical papers are easy to found. It is easy to build basics doppler low cost radar. Here, I discover the power of array and chirp in doppler.
Great Videos!!! Can't wait the phased array series.
Looking forward to your phased array series, it is probably one of the coolest applications of signal processing, RF electronics and EM theory I know of!
as someone who worked on radar for a short while, i am blown away with this project. i would be shocked if you're not snapped up by some defence contractor. or maybe that's how you got your knowledge? hehe
Great series it videos. I built a few FMCW back in grad school (1995) and we used YIG oscillators to get the bandwidth. Amazing that can be done in a couple of chip these days.
I just discovered this channel, instantly subscribed. Thank you for making these educational videos, I now have a bit of a backlog to work through.
Turbine and propeller modulations are part of the radar target processing on Air Defense Radars. You can see Russian Bear bomber propellers at max Doppler range. The bomber itself needs to get closer before the Doppler tracker locks-on to it. But we also had pulse radar that saw the bombers if they were high enough (Beyond the Horizon) at twice the range of the Doppler radar.
Got hooked. Will watch the whole series now.
Ah, a fellow Terre Haute escapee. Congrats! I worked at ICTT in the 80s, and was on air at WMHD a few weeks.
awesome work
Looking forward to the next video.
This series is awesome!
Really cool series!
This is such great work! Thank you so much for sharing!
10 seconds and I subscribed.
This has been an excellent series. Great informative content in nicely sized episodes.
Really look forward to the phased array series.
Seeing additional vertical bars in "street demo" range vs. velocity plot at 3.75, 7.5 m/s either side of 0 m/s suggests 1/2 and 1/4 wavelength interference, or is it an artifact of the FFT?
The street demo really brought all the pieces together. Can see a number of ways to modify parameters, and software to experiment in different ways. Thanks for sharing.
thanks for your time and effort
Can't wait for the beamforming application!!
I love these videos!
I love this wow. The algorithm works in my favor. Sub.
Love you videos. Thanks for sharing!
Can't wait for the next part
fantastic explanation
Excellent work
Great video!
Very very interesting!
The Pulse Doppler radars I worked on all had the closing velocities on the right of the clutter notch, and opening on the left.
Wow! Thanks!
Amazing thanks!
I'm very you are doing well with this extremely niche kind of subject.
this is amazing.. tyvm
Amazing work! What is the maximum range of this setup?
Could you please tell how to calculate the FoV beam(the area that a radar setup covers in 3-dimensions)?
Suggestion: The 8 channel patch antenna board works from 10 to 10.5 GHz, while the ADAR1000 board working frequency band is 8-16 GHz. Therefore, I think, phaser should be separated from the the 8-channel antenna arrays. The end user benefit would be that any 8-channel antenna arrays in the frequency band (8-16 GHz) can be connected to the phaser through SMA connectors. This will extend the operating frequency range of the phaser for more general beamforming applications in the 8-16 GHz frequency range. Thanks
Yes, you can disconnect the built in 8 element antenna and solder in 8 SMP connectors. There's spots for that, please see the schematic at wiki.analog.com/phaser
Then you can use your own antenna with an SMP or SMA connector. You could also change the frequency, but you'd have to desolder/solder in different filters.
ขอบคุณมากครับ
nice work
thanks very very cool work
is that the range ? 40m
for a bigger target say 10x bigger, of size 200cm,
how far out should you be able to see it on top of the noise,
and will the speed of the target effect its radar profile ?
What kind of an amplifier would you recommend for this setup? I'm just starting in the field and was thinking about building a drone tracking radar to learn, I'd like a bit more range to experiment. Thanks for the great videos!
HMC1082 is a popular PA for transmit at X band. Also HMC608LC4.
Is it possible to use this solution to hunt drones (e.g. intercept) in the air? All the types of drones - FPV, Shakhed and the reconnaissance ones.
So cool. I wish i could afford the parts to build my own
You know you are dealing with an RF engineer when they call 100 MHz "nearly DC" (~8:00).
Also, I think I'd love a longer explanation of how the FFT across slow time gets you doppler *from FM/stretch processing*. Each range bin is a potential *beat frequency* you could have been measuring...? No, each range bin is the actual beat frequency you are measuring, scaled against the original chirp? So doppler is how that beat is changing in slow time?
Check out my friend Marshall Bruner's channel here: www.youtube.com/@MarshallBrunerRF
His next video will cover this, and will definitely explain it much better than me!
Extreme
Very nice work. How easy is to use it as a classic radar? Without use it on drone just install it to a roof. What other components may need to increase the range to typical radar range? (such as a PA)
Yes, please see my latest video where I use a low power PA to improve radar range.
Can this be used for a DIY SAM site to set up a no fly zone around my house?
This may sound like an insane question, but is there radar sensitive enough to both detect a mosquito at relatively near distance, but positively identify it due to counting the microdoppler of its wings beating at a certain hertz?
Hi Jon,
I have follwed your CW radar project and in part 6 - by masking the background I think you Solving a Problem that are most costly losing radio controled planes.
Let me explane. I am a hobby scale rc pilot attending to competitions where some rcplanes trippled the cost of the range doppler.
By making a treshold of the nearby terran like trees I think we likely be able to safe "call" one on final.
Last year competition one pilot lost 8000$ of equipment and 300 hours build hours by misjudging terran doing final while colliding with a three.
Also we got another competition where rc pilots needs to turned around a pylon before going 180. Normaly this is done by officials sitting under the pylon calling it by vision but it is very unreliable. Could CW radar do it more precisely?
We are using 2.4 Ghz or 900 MHz with FHSS or DSSS
Q1. Is there any chance of interference - could the CW project "shoot" us down?
Q2. Could the software at present assist us or needs it a slight moddification?
Your thoughts much appreciated
Best regards
Henrik Malmvig - OY 4741
Great series!
Is this phased array radar limited to 40 meters range? What is needed to detect range and speed of an object at 400 meters or more?
Thanks! Assuming you mean improve range to 400m to see this small 249g drone. Two things need to be improved: improve the hardware and improve the signal processing. Hardware can be improved via that range equation from the first video. i.e. more Tx power, more directive antennas, etc. Signal processing is things like MTI, clutter suppression, integrating pulses, etc. Lots could be done on both of those ends. I'm just showing the concepts and a minimum working example. It would take non-trivial work on both hardware and software to get a reliable target at 400m.
@@jonkraft Thanks for the reply. Your videos are popular both among my friends in FAANG and miltech developers in Ukraine making all kinds of stuff including phased array radars. Drones are a serious issue as you may know. And it is getting worse with addition of machine vision. I'm mean not only here, it is a global security issue. Personally I'm building an acoustic array to help defend our skies and more or less know its possibilities from simulations and early prototypes. Hope to finish a full scale prototype this summer and try it out on a test ground to help counter Iranian suicide drones Shaheds. Good luck with your series!
@@KostiantynKostin Thanks again. I really like the idea of acoustic arrays, I think that has a lot of merit for drone detection. Glad you are supporting Ukraine with this.
Are you using CFAR in that doppler plot?
No, that is without CFAR activated.
can we connect that radar and zammer? auto track drone and shoot emp to drone to kill?
Mimicking is easy. What books should I read, to properly un derstand that, and be able to tweak and adjust as I want?
Antennas, amplifiers, dsp,...
Any university library will have all you need. Also look at IEEE article titles, and have the librarian get you a copy of the paper. You can't afford the books. They have an academic tax on them. Just look at them in the library, and copy the pages of interest with your hand scanner.
So you have nine bins on the Fast Time axis, separated by the sampling rate of the data convertor, something like microseconds. Is there one ADC reading in each bin? 8 bins is enough for an FFT, but do you really have a lot more?
Right, with modern data converters its very easy to get thousands of samples. I think this data was a couple thousand complex (IQ) data points per chirp.
I think the drawing is simplified. Your going to have say 1024 time samples to give 1024 FFT frequency samples per range scan to give Doppler resolution. Triangle waves are not as good as sawtooth waves. The abrupt return to min frequency is a discontinuity.
Is it possible to use the radar to calculate the rotation speed of the propellers of the drone?
Probably not the speed, as the blades are horizontal to the radar view, but the faster the rotation, the wider the blade Doppler is from the target Doppler. The blade tips are much faster than the RPM of the propeller.
Thanks. I guess I should’ve ask if you could calculate the rpm of the blades. But I think you kind of answered that.
Can I synchronize a few cheap SDRs with some external clock, to extend the antenna array without selling a kidney?
see the Kraken SDR
Okay but your not measuring the actual Dopplershift right? Or am I missing something. And if that's true why is it then still called Doppler when it would be more accurate to say radial velocity.
In an earlier part of the series, it was suggested that pauses in the frequency modulation ramp, where the frequency is held constant, would be good places to look for Doppler shifts. If the picture at 0:51 is correct, this wasn't done. I guess if things work out, you could have two beat frequencies: one for Doppler at a particular frequency and one for the range.
@@johnschindler9641 ah okay thanks, didn't remember that part.
What's the max range?
You have a busy street
how many ukrainians are watching this
None, they are busy stealing us and European Technology
as much as russians
Na, it's the Americans Germans French and ***'s that are constructing the devices and conducting the experiments. The ukrainians and russians are just the testing medium
Ukraine is a corrupt hole
@@rwquotetrue)
Only read the title.
1st thought, "DON'T TELL THE RUSSIANS!"
Yeah. Let's low key help Ruzzians right now. Great job... -.-
It's too expensive. Why can't I use a starlink for this?
Starlink is $100 a month. It only knows the IP protocol.
Good explanations, but I don't find any interest in detecting things I can see directly with my own eyes ! View is the best technology ever developped !
This is begging for neural network processing in order to identify signatures.