I heard about "laser gyro" used in IRS/inertial reference system on aeroplanes but always wondered how they work. This video is a perfect explanation. Thanks!
The laser gyro system on an airplane work (slightly) differently though, as did the mechanical gyro platforms that were used before. To start with they have to use at least three gyros, not just one (nowadays usually up to 6) and a whole lot of accelerometers which are very important indeed. And of course they do provide more than just a direction, they provide all information about the situation in 3d, as well as navigation and (magnetic) compass direction, the latter derived from deviation tables in the systems memory.
I've actually worked with software that used the optic gyros in aerospace systems and we've wasted a couple of hours trying to figure out how did it work for curiosity sake. This video seems to showcase very intuitively how do they work. I never got to understand them fully until now. PS: it wasn't necessary to understand how it worked to that particular software 😅
@@RobertSzasz now that I think of it you are right. They detect phase and not pulses, but the part that broke my brain was the why one signal goes faster than the other. The visible animation just clicked when I saw the video.
Bicycles are actually not significantly stabilized by the gyroscopic effect, there is a nature paper where they built a non-gyro bicycle and it still is stable. Stabilization mostly comes from the steering wheel being front and the back-tire following. ...also wow, the fibre optic gyro is magic.
That’s what I remember reading as well. And agreed, fibre gyro is pure magic… black magic… or maybe quantum but really there isn’t much difference between the two…
Nice video. I worked on the old Sperry Mk 19 gyrocompass and later the Mk 27 in the US Navy. Lots of little bits to 'apply torques' to them. They also used a speed input from the ship's log to minimize 'steaming error'. But we had to manually set the latitude. I'm sure the modern laser with GPS feed are a lot less prone to failure. Oh, and a 'fun' detail, the Mk 19 could be switched into 'high latitude' mode where it stopped trying to seek north and just acted like a gyroscope. That was a lot trickier to navigate with :)
@@CasualNavigation There's a article out there about when the Nautilus (US nuclear submarine) transited under the ice from Pacific to Atlantic. It discusses their concerns about how they will able to navigate. They knew the magnetic compass would be troublesome since they pass close to the magnetic pole, and that the gyrocompass would not operate as a traditional compass that close to the pole. But they obviously succeeded and the gyro worked better than they anticipated. Doesn't go into a lot of details, but it confirms that navigating near the pole is a bit 'tricky'.
I worked for a few years as a deck officer on container ships and on a few of the older ones that I worked on, we still had to go into the gyro room (or where ever the gyros were physically located) and make sure the speed and latitude dials were in the right settings. Also, when I was working as cadet on the Steamship Maui in 2009, that ship had the gyros right in the chart room and it had those calibration controls right there and also a switch for northern or southern hemisphere. Someone accidentally bumped a book on a shelf into the N/S switch and put both our gyros into southern hemisphere mode and over the course of the afternoon the Captain and Chief Mate were trying to figure out why we were getting such a massive gyro error and why it was steadily increasing. Because I was the cadet, they had me just doing sun azimuth sights like every 15 minutes or something to keep constantly updating the error so we stayed on the correct heading while we all tried to figure out what the hell was going on and eventually, after like 3 hours of this I saw the switch was in Southern Hemisphere mode. We flipped the switch and in like 2 hours everything had resettled and we were back to normal.
I am a merchant marine officer and wanted to thank you for these great videos. I use them in my drills regularly and the crews are getting interested and curios about further topics. Thank you very much and bon voyage at all times.
Actually there's a well known flat earther that paid $20k for one and made a video thinking he was going to prove the earth was flat, but ended up finding a 15-degree per hour drift, proving a globe earth. His name is Bob something...
@@zromo8994 Not just that, he repeated the experiment by putting the gyroscope in a zero Gauss chamber because he claimed "Heavenly energies" were disrupting it... the gyroscope just kept on rotating inside the chamber.
It's very easy to build a lot of intuition regarding gyros if you spin a ruler round its center, it behaves in much the same way and you can see how each end just wants to continue in a straight line but is brought into a cifcle by the tension in the ruler, and how out of plane torque affects its motion
It is a very common misconception that the gyroscopic effect keeps a bicycle upright while in motion, but it’s actually the caster angle of the front wheel. If you locked the wheel straight ahead, a bike would fall over almost immediately, no matter how fast it was going. The low mass of the wheels, and they’re slow rate of revolution makes their gyroscopic effect negligible relative to the mass of the bike, especially with a rider.
You can actually make a bicycle with negative caster angle, eliminating that effect, and also counter rotating wheels to eliminate gyroscopic effects, and it will still self-stabilize
In fact one easy way to dispel this with common sense is to think about steering the bike, if the gyroscopic effect is strong enough to keep you upright, it's certainly strong enough to prevent you steering!
Flat-Earth *denial* content, sure! Remember that Netflix doc "Behind the Curve" where they pooled their money to buy exactly such an expensive gyroscope to measure to lack of the Earth's rotation... Only to measure a certain 15 degrees per hour after all. 😝
The odd thing about bicycles, is that when you want to turn, you actually steer the front wheel away from the turn. This causes an instability and allows the bike to fall into the turn, and as it does, it becomes stable again. Amazing, you don't even know you did it.
Careful with the bicycle example, the gyroscopic effet does not grant stability, merely some inertia. In fact, you can replace the wheels with ice skates and it works just fine. The fork angle is also a minor effect that helps, but it is not necessary since you can build a bicycle with a vertical fork and it also works fine. The true modelisation of why 2 wheelers stand upright is actually a feedback of the torso-arms-handlebar system that feeds back a counter-steering correction by the simple act of the rider keeping his torso in apparent vertical position ( apparent because it incorporates tge side acceleration vector when turning). As proof, you cannot turn on a bike by turning the handlebar in the direction you want to go like in a car; you have to lean into the curve to automatically start a counter-steering. My dad spent 40 years of mechanical engineering teaching to model and use this. 😅👍
@@ramblingrob4693 Yes, you lean. Not much, but you lean. On a racing-style bike with a low bottom bracket and/or long pedal cranks, you can easily ground the inside pedal at 15mph if you're not careful.
I'm pretty sure that last part about bikes is wrong. Yes, the wheels technically act like gyroscopes but that's not what keeps the bike upright. The way the wheel is mounted does. Car tires are even deliberately mounted at an angle to make the steering wheel revert back to neutral on its own. If the gyroscopic effect was responsible for the stabilization, it would have to make regular steering incredibly hard. But more importantly, driving straight ahead would still only be a metastable state, it would just take more work to tip it. But bikes are a (relatively) stable system, they can drive downhill on their own without falling over.
Well gyroscopic forces help. ua-cam.com/video/8H98BgRzpOM/v-deo.html That is also why you can drive a bike without touching the handle. Also what you said about cars isn't true because cars use the forces of the corner you are driving through (centripedal force) to revert the wheel, google it and do your research.
@@florianix8272 that is not why you can ride a bike without touching the handle, see Matthew White's example. Also, the research: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caster_angle
@@matthewwhite546 amazing timing. Now I can finally just send people a link instead of painstakingly explaining to them that they don't understand gyroscopes for the billionth time
I really look forward to these videos coming out. This was your usual helpful, informative style but went over my head one too many times I'm afraid. Really tricky to follow this one at times. Thanks for the great work and look forward to the next one.
Thanks Craig. It was fun to experiment with this one, but I do agree the subject was a little trickier than usual. Will be back to "normal" in the next one.
The mistake starting around 3:00 is that the Earth's rotation is the opposite of what it should be. With the north pole pointing towards the viewer, earth rotates anticlockwise in our reality where any point on the surface moves eastward. This results in an inconsistency in the torque in the animation as well, where the right hand rule leads to an inconsistent result. As always, great video! Pointing out that there is a mistake in the animation is a fantastic educational device, come to think of it, and made me pay closer attention.
I just wanted to say before I randomly clicked on one of your videos I had absolutely no interest in ships or naval terminology/fun facts but you just explain things so well in a concise format that I've actually become a fan and it has become an area of active interest for me. Keep up the good work.
Not sure why UA-cam feels the need to tell me about the "flat Earth model," but here we are. I have known since the '80s about magnetic north and it moving, but I've never seen it charted before. Thank you for that! Also, neat to learn more about the gyro-compass.
Bicycle wheels as gyroscopes: I just watched a video disproving that. When a bicycle's steering is locked it's impossible to stay upright on it no matter how fast you're going. The reason a moving bicycle can remain upright is because the rider is, consciously or unconsciously, making constant steering corrections in order to keep the bicycle underneath them. The steering is built so that it naturally turns in the direction that it leans. If the steering moves freely the bike will stay upright even without a rider as long as it keeps moving forward. With the steering locked it falls over immediately. There is no gyroscopic effect keeping it up.
No need for a rider, even. A riderless bicycle will roll quite happily down a hill and not fall over until either it slows down enough that steering corrections don't move the centre of gravity far enough or accelerates enough that bumps start taking the front wheel off the ground too much.
I shan't be cruel and criticise the several (and extremely unusual for this channel) mistakes in it, as others have already pointed them out. But thanks for making me smile, as well as explaining optical gyros to me!
Wow, that was a very interesting presentation! Thank you, more please. I think I learned something, a very complicated subject is gyro navigation. Too complicated for my small brain. I have experienced the gyro effect, most people have I would think. Anyway, the connection of gyro force to bicycles wheels has led me to a question. Any vehicle with wheels has a contact patch, this contact with the surface on which it travels creates "traction". Traction is an effect created by weight and contact (=friction), the more weight per square inch, the better the traction, the more friction, i.e., less slip (generally). On a bicycle, to change direction one "counter steers", tipping the bike over and then adjusting the steering angle to follow the intended path and maintain balance. Steering or counter steering does two things, one, adjusting the balance of "uprightedness" and two, counter acting, or overcoming the gyro effect. Maybe this isn't a question, maybe this is an argument. The force of traction is much much higher than a gyro force, probably 1000 (10,000?) times as forceful. It is possible to crash a bicycle, if the gyro effect had much (a lot of) force, it would be virtually impossible to crash, or to turn for that matter. I guess what I believe, and I may be wrong, it is not the gyro effect that keeps one upright on a bicycle, it is simply balance, balance that is intentionally and directly controlled only by traction supplied by the contact patch and rider input. Turn the handles the wrong way or wrong amount and down you go. Now if the bicycle was floating in a fluid, like the air, we'd really have something the gyro effect could impart it's force. And a hovering bike would be fantastic, lol. Anyway, thanks for creating this video, keep them coming, I find boats and ship fascinating. Maybe because where I live, water is a solid much too much of the year and virtually impossible to ride a bike in a foot or two of not quite solid snow. Get me outa here (sobbing).
@@sagesefton2228 My guess is that it was made for easy demonstration purposes. I didn't notice at first the note at 3:32. And the vector of force you need to apply to keep axis of a gyro pointing north in reality would just be in the opposite direction. Anyway the principle is the same.
Video: *is about gyroscopes* UA-cam: "Flat earth alert! Flat earth alert!" Good video though, wasn't aware of the need for damping nor did I know of the fibre optic one.
When drilling long tunnels i.e like the Eurotunnel between Great Britain and France, gyroscopes are used to determine where one is and in which direction ones has to drill to meet the other tunnel face
@@RobertSzasz actually not if your smart, use 2. One at the bow, one at the stern, and a little math and you get a heading. Longer the ship the more accurate that heading will be, but basically anything over 100ft long will be basically perfectly accurate provided you have good gps units, even poor ones would work on a 300ft+ vessel, you could even throw in a 3rd central unit to ensure precision.
@@cgi2002 a good system *can* do it with a meter or two separation, well behaved receivers that capture carrier phase, and a *bunch* of processing power. But it's not exactly elegant
@@RobertSzasz true but I was thinking about also occasions with rougher weather which can screw with units that close. 100ft gives plenty of margin for error. In ideal conditions with good hardware a meter or 2 will do fine, infact that setup may have been used on one of the boats trying to do an Atlantic crossing, as they are limited for space and accurate location data was vital to them.
Cool, was just wonder if the coriolis effect in water drains could signify towards the equator and perhaps be used as a emergency compass of some kind. Not exactly what I had in mind but pretty cool none the less.
"When something has angular momentum we also say there's a torque present." Um no. that's like saying, "When something has momentum we also say there's a force present." Force is the time rate of change of momentum, and torque is the time rate of change of angular momentum. What you actually described next was the direction the applied torque needed to point to build up the given angular momentum. "The new torque and the gyroscope's original torque..." No.
Yes, there is a big misconception between torque and angular momentum in the video, no one really noticed but it's kind of a shame considering the quality of the rest of the video
The effect that brings the North - South line in the graduated chart aligned with the site meridian is known as Gyroscopyc Inertia which is a condition the gyro reaches after a while the core reaches it's operative "speed" in RPM. Of course, time to reach individual gyroscopic inertia depends on gyro compass make and model. Thank you.
Are we absolutely sure the new torque arrow is pointing that way at 3:29? Because you spun the gyro upside down during the transition, should the arrow not point down relative to the screen? Or am I just very drowsy at 3am?
One question. I understand the gyro-compass will orient itself with Earth's axis, but how do you know where is south and where north? It could be either way.
@@CasualNavigation So, if I understood correctly, depending on the rotation, clockwise or counter-clockwise, it will always orient itself correctly south-north.
Put a line in a fixed bench 2 days ago, drew a line in marker pen along the edge. Today North, is 10 degrees out , on my fixed timber bench. So we in UK are moving West from North . We have the chance or recording these readings and seeing where the polar move has gone.
One question. The geographical north pole is closer to the magnetic south pole right? Otherwise the deflection of the compass changes with the south being the north and the other way round. I am not sure if my question is correct. Feel free to correct me.
Your question doesn't really make sense, but if I understand what you are trying to say, the north pole of a magnet in a compass is attracted to the magnetic south pole of the earth. But as related to magnetism, earth's magnetic poles are backwards meaning north(+) is in the south and south(-) is in the north. Magnetic and geographic poles are not the same on earth, magnet north and south is actually quite a ways away from geographic poles.
I searched many videos on how gyroscope works and all video was about basic what gyroscope is and what are its applications. This video explained working mechanism clearly.
bike actually doesn't fall not because gyroscope effect that defiantly have place but more due to сetrifugal force that appears every time you turn the wheel.
You say the gyrocompass points north. Is that accurate, or is it aligned with the north-south axis of the earth? How can we tell which end points north and which points south. And, how about in a ring laser gyroscope?
Your intuition is correct, it aligns with north-south, it doesn't point north. And mechanical gyros tend to be used because they're a lot cheaper, and they work just as well for large ships which is where gyrocompasses.
Little nitpick, but Veritasium recently made a video about thr gyrodscopic effect on a bycycle's stability. It is present. But it's a tiny part of the whole. Bycycles are stable because the ridr is constantly correcting it. Also because the fork has a self stabilizing caster angle.
1:35 I don't think there is a torque present. If it's freely rotating there should not be any forces present. Torque from angular inertia might be present if you would try to stop it, but we assumed ideal frictionless rotation I presume.
Yeah, there's a lot of confusion between angular momentum and force in the video. (By the way, there _are_ forces involved when a body rotates freely, since all points on the body are being continuously accelerated towards the centre. But those forces are also towards the centre, and are not given by the right hand rule.)
How do you keep friction in the gyroscope gimbals from throwing off the gyrocompass? Seems like even a tiny bit of fraction would add up over several days to enough to mess you up. Also the ship pitching and rolling in heavy weather would cause problems, since this is much faster angular change than the rotation of the Earth (even though the velocity is much lower).
6:55 - that's actually a myth. You can build a bike with a counter-rotating flywheel that cancels the bike's angular momentum, and it will still stay upright. A bicycle can sustain its stability by the gyroscopic effect, but only at extremely high speeds.
Gyroscopic stabilization has almost no effect on bicycles. Bicycles are stable because of the angle of the axis that steers the wheel with the ground. Falling left will cause you to turn left, making centrifugal force to the right that stops you from falling left, and vice versa.
The gyro effect on bikes is supposedly overblown, with active countersteering being a more important factor. No knock on your video here, everyone "knows" that bike fact and as far as i can tell everything else here is accurate. Thanks and merry xmas
Yep, bikes are stable because, as you topple to one side, the bike steers that way and moves itself back underneath you. A lot of the other physics material in the video is also inaccurate, unfortunately, as it confuses angular momentum and torque. I'm confident all the shipping-related stuff is right, though -- they guy clearly knows his stuff in that department!
I've commented in like three other places, but props for actually interpreting the science correctly here. Every other comment I saw claimed that gyroscopic inertia on bicycles is a myth, which is annoying because it's blatantly wrong in the opposite direction. Like you've noted, it contributes to how stable the bicycle is by adding rotational inertia to the system.
@@CasualNavigation Back in the early '80s, whilst in Junior High School, I visited Rocketdyne factory where they're in the process of switching from mechanical inertia guidance (mainly for missile and other payload) to optical. Albeit, they're using 3 square bricks of I think optical sapphires each with 3 mirrors for beams. 1 brick per orientation of the 3d surface. I figure they would've reduce the size of it by ow. Also highly recommended the fun video made (I think in the 70s) of how a missile can tell where it is...
I saw a flat Earth video that claimed if the Earth were a spinning ball then gyroscopes should behave in a certain way. He was correct about that at least. I think his mistake was assuming the do not behave that way. I sent him a link to a pilot training video that describes this behavior and what pilots should do to compensate for it. He replied back with the claim that NASA makes them that way. I knew saying "no they don't" wouldn't work, so I suggested he build his own gyroscope to see how it behaves, but I never heard back from him. When you want to believe something badly enough...
Gyroscopes prove the earth is motionless and you should be looking for curvature instead, because you'll find out there isn't any. Only faked curvature with fisheyed lenses and CGI.
@@davidjohnson1463 Actually, you are wrong on both counts. It is simply not true that gyroscopes prove the Earth is motionless. In fact, they prove the Earth is rotating. Also, if the gyroscope is moving relative to the Earth they will also prove the Earth is round. *YOU* should be the one to look into the curve of the Earth, because it *IS* there. It is noticeable and measurable from the ground without special equipment, and it can be easily measured even with the most basic equipment. You don't have to take my word for it. Here is a pilot training video telling student pilots how gyroscopes in airplanes work and how to deal with the "drift" and "wander" that gyroscopes experience because we live on a spinning ball. ua-cam.com/video/Kjfzve6lNWI/v-deo.html This video proves the surface of the Earth is curved ua-cam.com/video/Lms7ooUeBBw/v-deo.html You have either been badly informed, or you are a liar. I have provided links to videos that prove you are wrong, you have only made a baseless assertion. An assertion I happen to know is just not true because I have personally done the experiments. You clearly have not done them yourself, else you would not say that gyroscopes prove the Earth was motionless. This is something someone told you, and you took their word for it. They lied to you.
Fun thing about using a GPS input to auto-correct the gyro errors: On the Prinsendam in 2013-2014, we had a GPS used for that but its position liked to "wander off" at random times; sometimes going as far as showing speeds of 70 knots (quite impossible for a 200m cruise ship). The calculated correction would thereby become WAY wrong, making the gyro and therefore all connected equipment wander around as well; including the North-Up stabilization of the RADAR screens. Effectively this caused a situation where all equipment on the bridge would start being wrong together; with the exception of the depth sounder. The location where this happened: Chilean Fjords where there are quite some currents; at night without navigational aids on shore; narrow waterways, but very deep so the depth sounder wouldn't be able to give sufficient warning either. Suffice it to say... Not quite ideal... 😅
If you had a very accurate map, and connected some clever mechanical arms to the gyro you would have a mechanical GPS, but its accuracy over time would be based on how much resistance the mechanism makes, the less the better
Back when I did landscaping I used a compass a lot. With much bewilderment from my boss. Knowing what direction is what comes in very useful for cleanups when using blowers. As should be evident, you do not want to work against the wind. My boss would simply go by the old "rises in the east, sets in the west" generalization. I used a compass in order to be more accurate and so that I didn't have to remember. My preferred compass was a lensatic compass, mainly because they fold up and are thus protected. edit: cardinal typos
I'm confused. If the wind is significant enough that you don't want to be blowing against it, you can see stuff moving in the direction of the wind. Why would you use a compass and a weather forecast to see which way the wind is blowing?
@@beeble2003 Wind direction can change over the course of the day. Or it can be calm then change to windy. edit: also it is not simply about which way you move across a property, it also effects which property you go to in the first place. For example you want to avoid moving uphill when doing a cleanup, you always want to move downhill. So if the wind is going to be against you moving downhill at one property, you go to a different place where that is not the case. (this is a good example of why the forecast itself is so important and its not like my boss didn't use the forecast, it was just the compass use he thought was odd)
@@whyjnot420 Ah, OK, I see your point. If you're actually there, you can tell what way the wind is blowing, but knowing the wind direction would tell you which jobs are best done today and which should be left until tomorrow.
@@beeble2003 Just one other thing to point out. Back when I was doing this kind of work (in the 00s), while cell phones were around and fairly common, stuff like smartphones did not exist. Sure some older cells had a built in compass, but I never used a cell during that time (still never use them tbh). edit: I say did not exist, technically things that fit in line with them did exist, but they were expensive, uncommon, cell reception was very hit or miss and so on, so for all intents and purposes, "did not exist" fits the bill.
If Earth's rotation affects the gyroscope orientation, does Earth's revolution do the same, considering how tilted Earth axis is to the plane of ecliptic?
At 1:37 you correctly describe angular momentum, but then at 1:39 you say there is a torque about the spin axis... which is not correct. If the angular momentum is constant, there is no torque being applied about the spin axis. One might assume that you meant to say that a torque must be applied to change to the angular momentum, but that's not at all what you said. Then at 3:29 you refer to the gyroscope's angular momentum as torque, which is simply not true.
I’ll answer that by way of relating a traditional flight instructor’s question for students: Instructor: _”You have several instruments in the cockpit, and several methods available to determine your course…which one should you use?_ Student: _”I don’t know…”_ Instructor: _”All of them.”_ Redundancy is a good thing.
I heard about "laser gyro" used in IRS/inertial reference system on aeroplanes but always wondered how they work. This video is a perfect explanation. Thanks!
The laser gyro system on an airplane work (slightly) differently though, as did the mechanical gyro platforms that were used before. To start with they have to use at least three gyros, not just one (nowadays usually up to 6) and a whole lot of accelerometers which are very important indeed. And of course they do provide more than just a direction, they provide all information about the situation in 3d, as well as navigation and (magnetic) compass direction, the latter derived from deviation tables in the systems memory.
I've actually worked with software that used the optic gyros in aerospace systems and we've wasted a couple of hours trying to figure out how did it work for curiosity sake. This video seems to showcase very intuitively how do they work. I never got to understand them fully until now.
PS: it wasn't necessary to understand how it worked to that particular software 😅
They are usually continuous wave and use phase detection. I don't know of any systems that time discrete pulses. But that's nit picking.
@@RobertSzasz now that I think of it you are right. They detect phase and not pulses, but the part that broke my brain was the why one signal goes faster than the other.
The visible animation just clicked when I saw the video.
Oh the notorious gyro pump failures, why do GAs keep having it 😆
"magnetic compass adjusters would be an entire video on it's own"
I can't wait! That sounds neat
i think its out already.
Bicycles are actually not significantly stabilized by the gyroscopic effect, there is a nature paper where they built a non-gyro bicycle and it still is stable. Stabilization mostly comes from the steering wheel being front and the back-tire following.
...also wow, the fibre optic gyro is magic.
That’s what I remember reading as well. And agreed, fibre gyro is pure magic… black magic… or maybe quantum but really there isn’t much difference between the two…
Coincidentally, Veritassium (another excellent UA-cam channel) did a video on how bikes work just this week: ua-cam.com/video/9cNmUNHSBac/v-deo.html
How on earth can you make a non-gyro bicycle?
@@SarSaraneth you add counterspinning wheels
@@Doping1234 ...Huh.
Nice video. I worked on the old Sperry Mk 19 gyrocompass and later the Mk 27 in the US Navy. Lots of little bits to 'apply torques' to them. They also used a speed input from the ship's log to minimize 'steaming error'. But we had to manually set the latitude. I'm sure the modern laser with GPS feed are a lot less prone to failure.
Oh, and a 'fun' detail, the Mk 19 could be switched into 'high latitude' mode where it stopped trying to seek north and just acted like a gyroscope. That was a lot trickier to navigate with :)
Thats interesting. I didn't know that about the Mk19.
@@CasualNavigation There's a article out there about when the Nautilus (US nuclear submarine) transited under the ice from Pacific to Atlantic. It discusses their concerns about how they will able to navigate. They knew the magnetic compass would be troublesome since they pass close to the magnetic pole, and that the gyrocompass would not operate as a traditional compass that close to the pole. But they obviously succeeded and the gyro worked better than they anticipated. Doesn't go into a lot of details, but it confirms that navigating near the pole is a bit 'tricky'.
I worked for a few years as a deck officer on container ships and on a few of the older ones that I worked on, we still had to go into the gyro room (or where ever the gyros were physically located) and make sure the speed and latitude dials were in the right settings. Also, when I was working as cadet on the Steamship Maui in 2009, that ship had the gyros right in the chart room and it had those calibration controls right there and also a switch for northern or southern hemisphere. Someone accidentally bumped a book on a shelf into the N/S switch and put both our gyros into southern hemisphere mode and over the course of the afternoon the Captain and Chief Mate were trying to figure out why we were getting such a massive gyro error and why it was steadily increasing. Because I was the cadet, they had me just doing sun azimuth sights like every 15 minutes or something to keep constantly updating the error so we stayed on the correct heading while we all tried to figure out what the hell was going on and eventually, after like 3 hours of this I saw the switch was in Southern Hemisphere mode. We flipped the switch and in like 2 hours everything had resettled and we were back to normal.
I am a merchant marine officer and wanted to thank you for these great videos. I use them in my drills regularly and the crews are getting interested and curios about further topics.
Thank you very much and bon voyage at all times.
Thanks Thomas. Glad you find them useful.
I now really curious how flat-earthers cover up gyroscopic precession
They just lie and deny
Actually there's a well known flat earther that paid $20k for one and made a video thinking he was going to prove the earth was flat, but ended up finding a 15-degree per hour drift, proving a globe earth. His name is Bob something...
@@zromo8994 yeah that was hilarious lmao
@@zromo8994 #thanksbob
@@zromo8994 Not just that, he repeated the experiment by putting the gyroscope in a zero Gauss chamber because he claimed "Heavenly energies" were disrupting it... the gyroscope just kept on rotating inside the chamber.
Never knew about fiber-optic Gyroscope till now, even though I have experience with the "default" Gyroscope as an ex-mariner.
Glad to have introduced them.
Nor I..as a former mariner.
Gyroscopes really defy intuition but I love learning about them and their applications.
It's very easy to build a lot of intuition regarding gyros if you spin a ruler round its center, it behaves in much the same way and you can see how each end just wants to continue in a straight line but is brought into a cifcle by the tension in the ruler, and how out of plane torque affects its motion
It is a very common misconception that the gyroscopic effect keeps a bicycle upright while in motion, but it’s actually the caster angle of the front wheel. If you locked the wheel straight ahead, a bike would fall over almost immediately, no matter how fast it was going. The low mass of the wheels, and they’re slow rate of revolution makes their gyroscopic effect negligible relative to the mass of the bike, especially with a rider.
You can actually make a bicycle with negative caster angle, eliminating that effect, and also counter rotating wheels to eliminate gyroscopic effects, and it will still self-stabilize
In fact one easy way to dispel this with common sense is to think about steering the bike, if the gyroscopic effect is strong enough to keep you upright, it's certainly strong enough to prevent you steering!
Its really funny how UA-cam is marking this video as Flat-Earth content 🤣
Amazing work as always, thank you very much!
It gave me a chuckle too.
Flat-Earth *denial* content, sure!
Remember that Netflix doc "Behind the Curve" where they pooled their money to buy exactly such an expensive gyroscope to measure to lack of the Earth's rotation...
Only to measure a certain 15 degrees per hour after all. 😝
@Thomas Yeats Yeah it's bloody ridiculous to have this context info. If anything it'll just make a flat-earther chuckle and change nobody's mind.
I work on a tug boat, we have a Anschuetz gyrocompass equipped. Thanks for this informative video!
Never been this early for a Casual Navigation video.
Never been this casual for an Early Navigation video.
The odd thing about bicycles, is that when you want to turn, you actually steer the front wheel away from the turn. This causes an instability and allows the bike to fall into the turn, and as it does, it becomes stable again. Amazing, you don't even know you did it.
Careful with the bicycle example, the gyroscopic effet does not grant stability, merely some inertia. In fact, you can replace the wheels with ice skates and it works just fine.
The fork angle is also a minor effect that helps, but it is not necessary since you can build a bicycle with a vertical fork and it also works fine.
The true modelisation of why 2 wheelers stand upright is actually a feedback of the torso-arms-handlebar system that feeds back a counter-steering correction by the simple act of the rider keeping his torso in apparent vertical position ( apparent because it incorporates tge side acceleration vector when turning).
As proof, you cannot turn on a bike by turning the handlebar in the direction you want to go like in a car; you have to lean into the curve to automatically start a counter-steering.
My dad spent 40 years of mechanical engineering teaching to model and use this. 😅👍
Lean into the curve on a bike? when your poodling at 15mph or less don't think so
@@ramblingrob4693 Yes, you lean. Not much, but you lean. On a racing-style bike with a low bottom bracket and/or long pedal cranks, you can easily ground the inside pedal at 15mph if you're not careful.
«A fifteen degree per hour drift.»
Thanks Bob!
I'm pretty sure that last part about bikes is wrong. Yes, the wheels technically act like gyroscopes but that's not what keeps the bike upright. The way the wheel is mounted does. Car tires are even deliberately mounted at an angle to make the steering wheel revert back to neutral on its own. If the gyroscopic effect was responsible for the stabilization, it would have to make regular steering incredibly hard. But more importantly, driving straight ahead would still only be a metastable state, it would just take more work to tip it. But bikes are a (relatively) stable system, they can drive downhill on their own without falling over.
Try riding a bike with the handlebars locked straight and you’ll soon realise gyroscopic motion isn’t much help.
Well gyroscopic forces help. ua-cam.com/video/8H98BgRzpOM/v-deo.html That is also why you can drive a bike without touching the handle. Also what you said about cars isn't true because cars use the forces of the corner you are driving through (centripedal force) to revert the wheel, google it and do your research.
@@florianix8272 that is not why you can ride a bike without touching the handle, see Matthew White's example.
Also, the research: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caster_angle
Veritasium is about to release a video on this very topic.
@@matthewwhite546 amazing timing. Now I can finally just send people a link instead of painstakingly explaining to them that they don't understand gyroscopes for the billionth time
Awesome video, gyroscope compasses have worked on black magic for me up till now!
True north, magnetic north and grid north. Good stuff the army taught me.
Center of this stationary earth
I really look forward to these videos coming out. This was your usual helpful, informative style but went over my head one too many times I'm afraid. Really tricky to follow this one at times. Thanks for the great work and look forward to the next one.
Thanks Craig. It was fun to experiment with this one, but I do agree the subject was a little trickier than usual. Will be back to "normal" in the next one.
Dziękujemy.
The mistake starting around 3:00 is that the Earth's rotation is the opposite of what it should be. With the north pole pointing towards the viewer, earth rotates anticlockwise in our reality where any point on the surface moves eastward. This results in an inconsistency in the torque in the animation as well, where the right hand rule leads to an inconsistent result.
As always, great video! Pointing out that there is a mistake in the animation is a fantastic educational device, come to think of it, and made me pay closer attention.
The light emiting/reception gyro is inside your phone in a small integrated circuit as well. Gyros are awesome
Thanks
Did anybody notice that the earth was spinning the wrong way around at around 3:20?
Really great video anyway!
That's the problem with CGI.
I just wanted to say before I randomly clicked on one of your videos I had absolutely no interest in ships or naval terminology/fun facts but you just explain things so well in a concise format that I've actually become a fan and it has become an area of active interest for me. Keep up the good work.
Thanks Andrew. I'm really happy to have introduced you to a topic that you now enjoy.
Not sure why UA-cam feels the need to tell me about the "flat Earth model," but here we are. I have known since the '80s about magnetic north and it moving, but I've never seen it charted before. Thank you for that! Also, neat to learn more about the gyro-compass.
6:50 Actually bike doesn't necessarily act like a gyroscope (for more information see Veritasium's video)
Bicycle wheels as gyroscopes:
I just watched a video disproving that. When a bicycle's steering is locked it's impossible to stay upright on it no matter how fast you're going. The reason a moving bicycle can remain upright is because the rider is, consciously or unconsciously, making constant steering corrections in order to keep the bicycle underneath them. The steering is built so that it naturally turns in the direction that it leans. If the steering moves freely the bike will stay upright even without a rider as long as it keeps moving forward. With the steering locked it falls over immediately. There is no gyroscopic effect keeping it up.
No need for a rider, even. A riderless bicycle will roll quite happily down a hill and not fall over until either it slows down enough that steering corrections don't move the centre of gravity far enough or accelerates enough that bumps start taking the front wheel off the ground too much.
I shan't be cruel and criticise the several (and extremely unusual for this channel) mistakes in it, as others have already pointed them out. But thanks for making me smile, as well as explaining optical gyros to me!
Wow, that was a very interesting presentation! Thank you, more please. I think I learned something, a very complicated subject is gyro navigation. Too complicated for my small brain.
I have experienced the gyro effect, most people have I would think. Anyway, the connection of gyro force to bicycles wheels has led me to a question. Any vehicle with wheels has a contact patch, this contact with the surface on which it travels creates "traction". Traction is an effect created by weight and contact (=friction), the more weight per square inch, the better the traction, the more friction, i.e., less slip (generally).
On a bicycle, to change direction one "counter steers", tipping the bike over and then adjusting the steering angle to follow the intended path and maintain balance. Steering or counter steering does two things, one, adjusting the balance of "uprightedness" and two, counter acting, or overcoming the gyro effect. Maybe this isn't a question, maybe this is an argument.
The force of traction is much much higher than a gyro force, probably 1000 (10,000?) times as forceful. It is possible to crash a bicycle, if the gyro effect had much (a lot of) force, it would be virtually impossible to crash, or to turn for that matter. I guess what I believe, and I may be wrong, it is not the gyro effect that keeps one upright on a bicycle, it is simply balance, balance that is intentionally and directly controlled only by traction supplied by the contact patch and rider input. Turn the handles the wrong way or wrong amount and down you go. Now if the bicycle was floating in a fluid, like the air, we'd really have something the gyro effect could impart it's force. And a hovering bike would be fantastic, lol.
Anyway, thanks for creating this video, keep them coming, I find boats and ship fascinating. Maybe because where I live, water is a solid much too much of the year and virtually impossible to ride a bike in a foot or two of not quite solid snow. Get me outa here (sobbing).
0:25 this reminded me very much of The Missile, which knows where it is. At all times.
2:50 Pretty sure that the Earth is spinning in the opposite direction.
PS: Thanks for your great content
Definitely moving the wrong direction, the sun would be moving west->east.
I think one of the vectors might be wrong too?
@@sagesefton2228 My guess is that it was made for easy demonstration purposes. I didn't notice at first the note at 3:32.
And the vector of force you need to apply to keep axis of a gyro pointing north in reality would just be in the opposite direction. Anyway the principle is the same.
Video: *is about gyroscopes*
UA-cam: "Flat earth alert! Flat earth alert!"
Good video though, wasn't aware of the need for damping nor did I know of the fibre optic one.
Thanks Zac. Glad you liked it.
When drilling long tunnels i.e like the Eurotunnel between Great Britain and France, gyroscopes are used to determine where one is and in which direction ones has to drill to meet the other tunnel face
Had lessons about it today. Indeed a beautifull device.
"GPS can be used to correct nearly all errors made by a mechanical compass". Never would have imagined. :D
GPS sucks at giving heading. Great for course though
@@RobertSzasz actually not if your smart, use 2. One at the bow, one at the stern, and a little math and you get a heading. Longer the ship the more accurate that heading will be, but basically anything over 100ft long will be basically perfectly accurate provided you have good gps units, even poor ones would work on a 300ft+ vessel, you could even throw in a 3rd central unit to ensure precision.
@@cgi2002 a good system *can* do it with a meter or two separation, well behaved receivers that capture carrier phase, and a *bunch* of processing power. But it's not exactly elegant
@@RobertSzasz true but I was thinking about also occasions with rougher weather which can screw with units that close. 100ft gives plenty of margin for error. In ideal conditions with good hardware a meter or 2 will do fine, infact that setup may have been used on one of the boats trying to do an Atlantic crossing, as they are limited for space and accurate location data was vital to them.
I would be very interested in a video about compass adjustment.
2:50 Earth rotating the wrong way ;)
Nice video.
Cool, was just wonder if the coriolis effect in water drains could signify towards the equator and perhaps be used as a emergency compass of some kind. Not exactly what I had in mind but pretty cool none the less.
"When something has angular momentum we also say there's a torque present." Um no. that's like saying, "When something has momentum we also say there's a force present." Force is the time rate of change of momentum, and torque is the time rate of change of angular momentum. What you actually described next was the direction the applied torque needed to point to build up the given angular momentum. "The new torque and the gyroscope's original torque..." No.
Yes, there is a big misconception between torque and angular momentum in the video, no one really noticed but it's kind of a shame considering the quality of the rest of the video
@@Poulpink The stuff about bicycles being gyroscopically stabilized is also completely wrong.
2:35 - Wow, never knew gyros are in reference with the universe. Makes sense.
Learning something new everyday tyvm
It's a really nice and informative video. Thanks for the video.
The effect that brings the North - South line in the graduated chart aligned with the site meridian is known as Gyroscopyc Inertia which is a condition the gyro reaches after a while the core reaches it's operative "speed" in RPM. Of course, time to reach individual gyroscopic inertia depends on gyro compass make and model. Thank you.
Thank you, i've regularly wondered about how modern gyros work and now i know and can answer if my kids ask. Thank you for seeming smart to my kids :D
Are we absolutely sure the new torque arrow is pointing that way at 3:29?
Because you spun the gyro upside down during the transition, should the arrow not point down relative to the screen? Or am I just very drowsy at 3am?
Superb video of the topic,thank youu!!
One question. I understand the gyro-compass will orient itself with Earth's axis, but how do you know where is south and where north? It could be either way.
It depends on the way the gyro is rotating. It knows which way based on its rotation.
@@CasualNavigation So, if I understood correctly, depending on the rotation, clockwise or counter-clockwise, it will always orient itself correctly south-north.
There's no axis. Only magnetic north which is the center of earth. Earth is stationary and covered with a firmament and water above that.
Damn, now I want a fiber optic gyroscope!
I loved the sextant videos on your other channel, so this is a treat 😍
Other channel????
@ yeah, it's dead now but it has good stuff
I left all my older videos on there. Hopefully I'll get time to put more content on there one day.
What's the name of that "other" channel?
Casual Navigation: Tips & Reviews
Awesome as always, Thank you
Thanks!
I don't understand any of what you said, but it was enjoyable
Put a line in a fixed bench 2 days ago, drew a line in marker pen along the edge. Today North, is 10 degrees out , on my fixed timber bench. So we in UK are moving West from North . We have the chance or recording these readings and seeing where the polar move has gone.
The sun moves. It's the spiral that never ends.
Very well described
I love this channel. One of my top favorites.
One question. The geographical north pole is closer to the magnetic south pole right? Otherwise the deflection of the compass changes with the south being the north and the other way round. I am not sure if my question is correct. Feel free to correct me.
Your question doesn't really make sense, but if I understand what you are trying to say, the north pole of a magnet in a compass is attracted to the magnetic south pole of the earth. But as related to magnetism, earth's magnetic poles are backwards meaning north(+) is in the south and south(-) is in the north. Magnetic and geographic poles are not the same on earth, magnet north and south is actually quite a ways away from geographic poles.
Definitely interesting
Thankyou
WE NEED MORE VIDEOS!!!
Every Friday of every month
Good stuff thanks 👍
Stay tuned.. the frequency will soon be increasing
Well yes, but _how do you keep them spinning for weeks_ without manipulating their alignment??
Magnets.
Air or vacuum usually, though electric motors are an option
What was the mistake with the animation at 3:30 ?
5:45 So, did #LIGO had to take the Sanyak effect into consideration as potential inteference?
I searched many videos on how gyroscope works and all video was about basic what gyroscope is and what are its applications. This video explained working mechanism clearly.
Cool video. The part about bicycles is a common misconception, though. Veritasium did a video about this.
bike actually doesn't fall not because gyroscope effect that defiantly have place but more due to сetrifugal force that appears every time you turn the wheel.
Impressive contribution.
You say the gyrocompass points north. Is that accurate, or is it aligned with the north-south axis of the earth? How can we tell which end points north and which points south. And, how about in a ring laser gyroscope?
Your intuition is correct, it aligns with north-south, it doesn't point north. And mechanical gyros tend to be used because they're a lot cheaper, and they work just as well for large ships which is where gyrocompasses.
Little nitpick, but Veritasium recently made a video about thr gyrodscopic effect on a bycycle's stability.
It is present. But it's a tiny part of the whole. Bycycles are stable because the ridr is constantly correcting it. Also because the fork has a self stabilizing caster angle.
1:35 I don't think there is a torque present. If it's freely rotating there should not be any forces present. Torque from angular inertia might be present if you would try to stop it, but we assumed ideal frictionless rotation I presume.
Yeah, there's a lot of confusion between angular momentum and force in the video. (By the way, there _are_ forces involved when a body rotates freely, since all points on the body are being continuously accelerated towards the centre. But those forces are also towards the centre, and are not given by the right hand rule.)
"A 15° per hour drift..."
Thanks, Bob!
Great video.
That fiberoptic gyro feels more like science fiction rather than science.
How do you keep friction in the gyroscope gimbals from throwing off the gyrocompass? Seems like even a tiny bit of fraction would add up over several days to enough to mess you up. Also the ship pitching and rolling in heavy weather would cause problems, since this is much faster angular change than the rotation of the Earth (even though the velocity is much lower).
good effort bro, really nice video. thanks
Thanks. Glad you enjoyed it.
Caster is what keeps two wheeled vehicles up.
6:55 - that's actually a myth. You can build a bike with a counter-rotating flywheel that cancels the bike's angular momentum, and it will still stay upright. A bicycle can sustain its stability by the gyroscopic effect, but only at extremely high speeds.
What is extremely high?
@@the11382 80+
I see you also just watched that Veritasium video
Great video!
Thanks Daniel!
Gyroscopic stabilization has almost no effect on bicycles. Bicycles are stable because of the angle of the axis that steers the wheel with the ground. Falling left will cause you to turn left, making centrifugal force to the right that stops you from falling left, and vice versa.
Could you do that video about magnetic compass correction? :)
Thank you messieur , would you mind to tell us sth about meteorology in navigation.
The gyro effect on bikes is supposedly overblown, with active countersteering being a more important factor. No knock on your video here, everyone "knows" that bike fact and as far as i can tell everything else here is accurate. Thanks and merry xmas
Yep, bikes are stable because, as you topple to one side, the bike steers that way and moves itself back underneath you. A lot of the other physics material in the video is also inaccurate, unfortunately, as it confuses angular momentum and torque. I'm confident all the shipping-related stuff is right, though -- they guy clearly knows his stuff in that department!
I've commented in like three other places, but props for actually interpreting the science correctly here.
Every other comment I saw claimed that gyroscopic inertia on bicycles is a myth, which is annoying because it's blatantly wrong in the opposite direction. Like you've noted, it contributes to how stable the bicycle is by adding rotational inertia to the system.
Does the ballistic deflection occurred in fiber optic compass?
The optical gyro cube is also how the inertia guidance system works out acceleration and direction.
Thanks BigFire. I am working on a video that mentions inertial navigation systems at the moment.
@@CasualNavigation Back in the early '80s, whilst in Junior High School, I visited Rocketdyne factory where they're in the process of switching from mechanical inertia guidance (mainly for missile and other payload) to optical. Albeit, they're using 3 square bricks of I think optical sapphires each with 3 mirrors for beams. 1 brick per orientation of the 3d surface. I figure they would've reduce the size of it by ow. Also highly recommended the fun video made (I think in the 70s) of how a missile can tell where it is...
Wth youtube you do not need to fact check “flat earth” - people can think for themselves… great video btw.
I saw a flat Earth video that claimed if the Earth were a spinning ball then gyroscopes should behave in a certain way.
He was correct about that at least. I think his mistake was assuming the do not behave that way.
I sent him a link to a pilot training video that describes this behavior and what pilots should do to compensate for it.
He replied back with the claim that NASA makes them that way. I knew saying "no they don't" wouldn't work, so I suggested he build his own gyroscope to see how it behaves, but I never heard back from him.
When you want to believe something badly enough...
Gyroscopes prove the earth is motionless and you should be looking for curvature instead, because you'll find out there isn't any. Only faked curvature with fisheyed lenses and CGI.
@@davidjohnson1463 Actually, you are wrong on both counts.
It is simply not true that gyroscopes prove the Earth is motionless. In fact, they prove the Earth is rotating. Also, if the gyroscope is moving relative to the Earth they will also prove the Earth is round.
*YOU* should be the one to look into the curve of the Earth, because it *IS* there. It is noticeable and measurable from the ground without special equipment, and it can be easily measured even with the most basic equipment.
You don't have to take my word for it. Here is a pilot training video telling student pilots how gyroscopes in airplanes work and how to deal with the "drift" and "wander" that gyroscopes experience because we live on a spinning ball.
ua-cam.com/video/Kjfzve6lNWI/v-deo.html
This video proves the surface of the Earth is curved
ua-cam.com/video/Lms7ooUeBBw/v-deo.html
You have either been badly informed, or you are a liar. I have provided links to videos that prove you are wrong, you have only made a baseless assertion. An assertion I happen to know is just not true because I have personally done the experiments. You clearly have not done them yourself, else you would not say that gyroscopes prove the Earth was motionless. This is something someone told you, and you took their word for it. They lied to you.
You promised the video on the last Friday of the month and you delivered.
So what is gimbal lock and how does it work.
Video about the Gimbal Lock on the Apollo Spacecraft: ua-cam.com/video/OmCzZ-D8Wdk/v-deo.html
3:45 I believe the mistake is that the arrows are in the center of rotation
I'm just wondering how the heck do you keep that wheel-thingy spinning forever?
Make it the rotor of an electric motor.
BIKE RIGHTING MOMENT AS A GYRO WAS DEBUNKED. It's actually the angle of tilt of the front wheel that keeps bikes upright.
..of the front forks…..
How are the gyros kept spinning?
Vacuum air jet or electric.
Fun thing about using a GPS input to auto-correct the gyro errors:
On the Prinsendam in 2013-2014, we had a GPS used for that but its position liked to "wander off" at random times; sometimes going as far as showing speeds of 70 knots (quite impossible for a 200m cruise ship).
The calculated correction would thereby become WAY wrong, making the gyro and therefore all connected equipment wander around as well; including the North-Up stabilization of the RADAR screens. Effectively this caused a situation where all equipment on the bridge would start being wrong together; with the exception of the depth sounder.
The location where this happened:
Chilean Fjords where there are quite some currents; at night without navigational aids on shore; narrow waterways, but very deep so the depth sounder wouldn't be able to give sufficient warning either.
Suffice it to say...
Not quite ideal... 😅
That does sound far from ideal
If you had a very accurate map, and connected some clever mechanical arms to the gyro you would have a mechanical GPS, but its accuracy over time would be based on how much resistance the mechanism makes, the less the better
Why does water run out of the bow of a ship when it's docked?
What's the point of a gyro compass if it needs a GPS to work?
...it does not need GPS. That is the point.
You ever use a compass while running?
Back when I did landscaping I used a compass a lot. With much bewilderment from my boss. Knowing what direction is what comes in very useful for cleanups when using blowers. As should be evident, you do not want to work against the wind. My boss would simply go by the old "rises in the east, sets in the west" generalization. I used a compass in order to be more accurate and so that I didn't have to remember. My preferred compass was a lensatic compass, mainly because they fold up and are thus protected.
edit: cardinal typos
I'm confused. If the wind is significant enough that you don't want to be blowing against it, you can see stuff moving in the direction of the wind. Why would you use a compass and a weather forecast to see which way the wind is blowing?
@@beeble2003 Wind direction can change over the course of the day. Or it can be calm then change to windy.
edit: also it is not simply about which way you move across a property, it also effects which property you go to in the first place. For example you want to avoid moving uphill when doing a cleanup, you always want to move downhill. So if the wind is going to be against you moving downhill at one property, you go to a different place where that is not the case. (this is a good example of why the forecast itself is so important and its not like my boss didn't use the forecast, it was just the compass use he thought was odd)
@@whyjnot420 Ah, OK, I see your point. If you're actually there, you can tell what way the wind is blowing, but knowing the wind direction would tell you which jobs are best done today and which should be left until tomorrow.
@@beeble2003 Just one other thing to point out. Back when I was doing this kind of work (in the 00s), while cell phones were around and fairly common, stuff like smartphones did not exist. Sure some older cells had a built in compass, but I never used a cell during that time (still never use them tbh).
edit: I say did not exist, technically things that fit in line with them did exist, but they were expensive, uncommon, cell reception was very hit or miss and so on, so for all intents and purposes, "did not exist" fits the bill.
You must be the special kind for doing this to blow leaves. I wouldn't work with you haha
If Earth's rotation affects the gyroscope orientation, does Earth's revolution do the same, considering how tilted Earth axis is to the plane of ecliptic?
At 1:37 you correctly describe angular momentum, but then at 1:39 you say there is a torque about the spin axis... which is not correct. If the angular momentum is constant, there is no torque being applied about the spin axis. One might assume that you meant to say that a torque must be applied to change to the angular momentum, but that's not at all what you said. Then at 3:29 you refer to the gyroscope's angular momentum as torque, which is simply not true.
Hello sir what happens if earth stop rotating still gyro compass work??
You should do a video about what is a baby’s citizenship if it was born aboard a ship.
If you have gps signals to feed into a gyrocompass why would you need a compass?
You can calculate speed and heading from gps.
I’ll answer that by way of relating a traditional flight instructor’s question for students:
Instructor: _”You have several instruments in the cockpit, and several methods available to determine your course…which one should you use?_
Student: _”I don’t know…”_
Instructor: _”All of them.”_
Redundancy is a good thing.
I probably shouldn't but, once again I'm amazed by the parallels, commonalities, and cross transferred technologies, customs and procedures.