3:24 “this jet of air pushes the plane forwards’. It’s actually not the air being expelled that pushes the jet forwards but the process of the hot (high pressure) air being replaced by cooler ambient air at low pressure. The air escaping a balloon experiences the same effect. The reason the air is heated is to generate a higher pressure as hot air is more compressed, or of a higher pressure than unheated air. A jet engine isn’t pulling air through as much as its heating air to generate a cushion of incoming, cooler, low pressure air. It’s the same concept as the propellor driven plane but the forces affect the inside of the exhaust rather than the inside of the propeller blades.
Just one correction. The engine doesn’t let “air” out the back. It sends out “exhaust gas” which is mainly nitrogen but also CO2 and water vapour (combustion products). There is some excess oxygen but nothing like the amount to term the gas mixture “air”.
Dude, how uptight are you? Air is Air. Air is made up of gases. You can have variable amounts of different gases to make up "AIR". Depending if its filtered/processed, fresh atmospheric air, polluted air ( this would be your "exhaust", toxic air, hot air, cold air, humid and non humid (the last 4 mainly change the water vapour content) and the altitude of the air. The OP did not state the air state. Atmospheric clean air in, polluted exhaust air out. In his context, AIR is AIR.
Look up this root. They got thr idea for jet engines from this root. Nature has a lot of secrets. Evil people are hiding it to make profits. m.ua-cam.com/video/btq9YM0XpqY/v-deo.html
You are correct, but rudeness was not called for. Whoever posted the comment just fed the minds that are more interested and SHE is correct. Air is air, but air is made of different gasses, like exhaust gas. She did not talk about air in general, she talked about the air that is being propelled out of the fan. This comment was not necessary.
I love this video my dream is to become a Navy Pilot and I’m joining civilian air patrol to learn more about flying and this video taught me a lot about it. Thank you
I *LOVE* how you included the "Suck-Squeeze-Bang-Blow" on the diagram, for someone who's very familiar with internal combustion engines and a keen interest in the high-tech engineering of high-performance engines, just including those 4 steps as having a direct equivalent within the turbine engine made this a lot easier to grasp intuitively. I'd always assumed that turbine engines must be superior to piston engines because there's no energy lost from the moving parts changing direction of travel with every cycle of rotation, but never knew exactly how they worked until now. I checked out a few short videos like this and have to say this was by far my favourite one, really well explained. I almost did a double-take when I saw your channel is just shy of 600 subscribers, watching the video I just assumed from the quality it must be from a channel with 5-6 figure subs. Awesome job on this my man, keen to check out some of your other content now!
There is another explanation, the compressed air/fuel mixture is ignited by contact with the combustion gases which makes sense. That's what I heard, it's not my thoughts.
The analogy of the balloon is misleading: that is the principle of a rocket engine, not a gas turbine. The gases rushing out of the back are not what propels the engine forwards. In fact the greatest contributions to forward thrust are the compressor stages and the combustors. The turbine and the exit nozzle (non-afterburning) are rearward-acting components that push against the desired direction of motion. In total it is the excess of forward-acting gas pressures over rearward-acting gas pressures that produces a net forward thrust.
You mentioned the temp to be higher than the melting point of the metals that make up the engine. What happens is that the fuel air mixture is mixed in such a way as to create a "ball" of fire (called the combustion zone). Only 25% of the air is actually used for propulsion, the other 75% is used to "cool" the engine. So unburned air is placed between this combustion zone and the walls of the engine. In addition the turbine blades are somewhat hollow and air is forced through small holes to keep the blades cooled. This is a delicate process. If too little air is pumped, the blades will melt, if too much air or if the air is delivered with too high of a pressure, the jet of air coming out of those holes will be too far from the surface of the blade and once again, the blade will melt. Engines are a marvel of engineering. Thanks for the video.
Since I am a fighter jet fan (no pun intended), I really enjoyed this video explaining in a very easy way how a turbine works. Also, I really enjoyed the humor attached. New subscriber. Greetings from Mexico
Most modern fighter engines also have fans, but much smaller ones than those of passenger jets. In a commercial engine, the ratio of air passing _around_ the core vs the air passing _through_ it may be as high as 10 : 1, while that ratio is typically around 0.5 : 1 in a modern fighter engine.
Wow 1/3rd of the temperature of the sun's surface!! If that is above the melting point of many of the metals inside the engine then how is that these metals don't melt? Loved the video btw- could you please explain about hydrogen fuel cells and how they work in a future video
It's a great little fact! Typically the hottest temperatures are found in the turbine. This is because it is at the end of the combustion chamber, where the hot flames are most intense. The engine will actually take a small amount of cooler air from the compressor, and using various pipes, will route it into the turbine. It is then blown onto and around the various components. This cooler air is essentially able to 'blanket' the hot components from the intense heat! Hydrogen fuel cells is a great idea - I've added it to the list!
@@HitMeWith turbine blades in aircrafts are made up of single crystal nickel based alloy ....they have high melting point sustainable to almost 2000 degree Celsius....other metals melt... Whereas nickel based alloys do not melt due to various reasons such as it's monocrystalline structure....high creep strength and fatigue life....these blades are very expensive....due to presence of rhenium metal
Nearly all modern jet engine are turbofan engines including those in fighter aircraft rather than turbojet engines, I'd like to watch your explanation of those in the upcoming video about commercial jet engines!
I have been wondering how does engines work for a long time and couldn't find a suitable and user-friendly video to help. Thanks to this i understand way more!
Thank you very intresting and informative. Surely there is little oxygen to combust when the fuel from the afterburner is added or am I wrong in thinking that?
This is a great question! In reality the jet engine will suck in far more oxygen then it needs. The fuel-air-ratio is very low, meaning that there is substantially more air than fuel entering the engine. This is also known as running 'lean'. All this results in plenty of oxygen left over for the afterburner!
@@HitMeWith thank you for explaining it. I assume the "lean" running is the most efficient way of running the engine as well or would I be wrong in thinking that too?
@@lukecowley8258 That's right! Running lean means maximising the energy from every drop of fuel. Strict regulation and competition mean engine efficiency is a top priority. Also running lean helps keep the engine cool, too much fuel (heat) and you risk burning up all the components!
I read somewhere that, for an afterburner to give 50% more thrust, it has to burn 600% more fuel than the actual combustion chamber, which is why that decreases the range of the jet. Is that true?
That seems quite high! A typical reheat system might double the fuel consumption when running at full power. That's why most modern fighter aircraft have supercruise capability, which conserves fuel :)
I have a question. If the turbine powers the compressor how does it start spinning in the first place? It may sound stupid but I was just wondering. Love your videos btw
The image with the F16 and 737... The top view of the F16 is flipped incorrectly. The 20mm gun is on the left of the aircraft. Whoever added the image tried to flip the jet.
When we put even more fuel into the engine (for the afterburner system), we are changing the thermodynamic cycle slightly. We expand the air even more, and we need to compensate for this additional increase in mass flow. So the nozzle area needs to open up even more! Otherwise we would restrict the throughput. No afterburner = fixed nozzle
Every engine will have a working fluid (which is the fluid that the engine does 'work' on). For a jet engine, it uses air to achieve the thrust. But fuel is necessary in the thermodynamic cycle to achieve this :)
I think you overestimate how many aircraft use jet engines. The vast majority of GA aircraft are piston-propeller aircraft. There are more than 100,000 Cessnas, Pipers, and Beechcraft still flying around regularly, with models that are still in production. And new GA designs, like Diamond and Cirrus, use piston-propeller power, because they're much cheaper to build, maintain, and fuel.
This is a good example of a Turbo Jet type engine, which are no longer in production and are extrememly inefficient. Actual modern aircraft utilize high bypass Turbo Fan engines. The fan is the primary component that makes the airplane move forward. There is no fan on the engine in this animation.
Modern fighter jets use _low bypass_ turbofan engines, not the high bypass type used by passenger jets. High bypass turbofans are far more fuel efficient than the low bypass type but can't be used for supersonic flights. The cross-section area of a high bypass turbofan with sufficient thrust is also too large to fit inside the relatively small hull of a fighter.
Indeed! Both piston engines and turbines can have internal combustion, just as they also can be steam engines (external combustion). Titanic did in fact have two piston engines and one turbine, all three powered by steam from the boilers.
THANK YOU FOR MAKING COMPLICATED AVIATION/AVIONICS SUBJECTS SO ENTICING AND EASIER TO COMPREHEND.
I appreciate how you explain with simple applications that we can relate with
3:24 “this jet of air pushes the plane forwards’.
It’s actually not the air being expelled that pushes the jet forwards but the process of the hot (high pressure) air being replaced by cooler ambient air at low pressure.
The air escaping a balloon experiences the same effect.
The reason the air is heated is to generate a higher pressure as hot air is more compressed, or of a higher pressure than unheated air.
A jet engine isn’t pulling air through as much as its heating air to generate a cushion of incoming, cooler, low pressure air.
It’s the same concept as the propellor driven plane but the forces affect the inside of the exhaust rather than the inside of the propeller blades.
Just one correction. The engine doesn’t let “air” out the back. It sends out “exhaust gas” which is mainly nitrogen but also CO2 and water vapour (combustion products). There is some excess oxygen but nothing like the amount to term the gas mixture “air”.
Great point. This video was an oversimplification, but your point is absolutely correct. Thanks!
Dude, how uptight are you? Air is Air. Air is made up of gases. You can have variable amounts of different gases to make up "AIR". Depending if its filtered/processed, fresh atmospheric air, polluted air ( this would be your "exhaust", toxic air, hot air, cold air, humid and non humid (the last 4 mainly change the water vapour content) and the altitude of the air. The OP did not state the air state. Atmospheric clean air in, polluted exhaust air out. In his context, AIR is AIR.
Look up this root. They got thr idea for jet engines from this root. Nature has a lot of secrets. Evil people are hiding it to make profits.
m.ua-cam.com/video/btq9YM0XpqY/v-deo.html
@@ThyPredatoryes air is air but it’s just to put more detailed info for those more interested.
You are correct, but rudeness was not called for. Whoever posted the comment just fed the minds that are more interested and SHE is correct. Air is air, but air is made of different gasses, like exhaust gas. She did not talk about air in general, she talked about the air that is being propelled out of the fan. This comment was not necessary.
I love this video my dream is to become a Navy Pilot and I’m joining civilian air patrol to learn more about flying and this video taught me a lot about it. Thank you
Thanks HMW, you actually made jet engines sound easy! Keep the videos coming :)
I work on these everyday day and i am still fascinated by how this works, still in awe every time we deliver an engine to the customer.
Bro it is a crime that you only have 450+ Subscribers 🔥
I *LOVE* how you included the "Suck-Squeeze-Bang-Blow" on the diagram, for someone who's very familiar with internal combustion engines and a keen interest in the high-tech engineering of high-performance engines, just including those 4 steps as having a direct equivalent within the turbine engine made this a lot easier to grasp intuitively. I'd always assumed that turbine engines must be superior to piston engines because there's no energy lost from the moving parts changing direction of travel with every cycle of rotation, but never knew exactly how they worked until now. I checked out a few short videos like this and have to say this was by far my favourite one, really well explained. I almost did a double-take when I saw your channel is just shy of 600 subscribers, watching the video I just assumed from the quality it must be from a channel with 5-6 figure subs. Awesome job on this my man, keen to check out some of your other content now!
Thanks for your lovely comment! I'm glad you found the video enjoyable! Keep tuned - a big video coming very soon :)
Wow!! Thanks so much for this, Hit Me With. The real life examples and analogies really helped me to remember how jet engines work. 🙏🏼🙌🏼🙌🏼
I absolutely loved the content, well explained, and since I draw alot of fighters, it made me even closer to them as an aviation enthusiast
It just blows my mind how a series of fan blades can somehow compress air enough to get hot enough to ignite a fuel as thick as JP-8.
There is another explanation, the compressed air/fuel mixture is ignited by contact with the combustion gases which makes sense. That's what I heard, it's not my thoughts.
Excellent video! Plenty for all learning styles with a sound simple narrative.
Bro keep it up and you're gonna be a big channel
You deserve more subs, you are too good!!!
One question. Does the turbine send back energy to the compressor or did I understand it wrong. Great video very good explanation!
That's right, the turbine sends the energy back to the compressor in order to compress the air. It's a continuous process :)
Great video, underrated channel
The analogy of the balloon is misleading: that is the principle of a rocket engine, not a gas turbine. The gases rushing out of the back are not what propels the engine forwards. In fact the greatest contributions to forward thrust are the compressor stages and the combustors. The turbine and the exit nozzle (non-afterburning) are rearward-acting components that push against the desired direction of motion. In total it is the excess of forward-acting gas pressures over rearward-acting gas pressures that produces a net forward thrust.
so its the gas coming out the back at high speed like the poster said
Thanks! Always wondered how the afterburners worked.
You mentioned the temp to be higher than the melting point of the metals that make up the engine. What happens is that the fuel air mixture is mixed in such a way as to create a "ball" of fire (called the combustion zone). Only 25% of the air is actually used for propulsion, the other 75% is used to "cool" the engine. So unburned air is placed between this combustion zone and the walls of the engine. In addition the turbine blades are somewhat hollow and air is forced through small holes to keep the blades cooled. This is a delicate process. If too little air is pumped, the blades will melt, if too much air or if the air is delivered with too high of a pressure, the jet of air coming out of those holes will be too far from the surface of the blade and once again, the blade will melt. Engines are a marvel of engineering. Thanks for the video.
Since I am a fighter jet fan (no pun intended), I really enjoyed this video explaining in a very easy way how a turbine works. Also, I really enjoyed the humor attached. New subscriber. Greetings from Mexico
So Basically, the difference between a commercial jet engine and a fighter, is the presence of a fan
Most modern fighter engines also have fans, but much smaller ones than those of passenger jets.
In a commercial engine, the ratio of air passing _around_ the core vs the air passing _through_ it may be as high as 10 : 1, while that ratio is typically around 0.5 : 1 in a modern fighter engine.
Loved the diagram and the explanation. Thank youuuuuu
Best video ever, I completely understanded the idea from you. Thank you.
Bro i really liked your content man!!
You deserve more subs
Btw you got one ❤✌
Very good explanation.Thanks.😁
U r so underrated
u need more subs
This is the most simple and understandable lesson I have seen thank you 😊 🙏
Thank you informative ,interesting ,enjoyable
Wow 1/3rd of the temperature of the sun's surface!! If that is above the melting point of many of the metals inside the engine then how is that these metals don't melt?
Loved the video btw- could you please explain about hydrogen fuel cells and how they work in a future video
It's a great little fact! Typically the hottest temperatures are found in the turbine. This is because it is at the end of the combustion chamber, where the hot flames are most intense. The engine will actually take a small amount of cooler air from the compressor, and using various pipes, will route it into the turbine. It is then blown onto and around the various components. This cooler air is essentially able to 'blanket' the hot components from the intense heat!
Hydrogen fuel cells is a great idea - I've added it to the list!
@@HitMeWith thank you for explaining it. A cooling system makes a lot of sense
@@HitMeWith turbine blades in aircrafts are made up of single crystal nickel based alloy ....they have high melting point sustainable to almost 2000 degree Celsius....other metals melt...
Whereas nickel based alloys do not melt due to various reasons such as it's monocrystalline structure....high creep strength and fatigue life....these blades are very expensive....due to presence of rhenium metal
Man, underrated channel.
Nearly all modern jet engine are turbofan engines including those in fighter aircraft rather than turbojet engines, I'd like to watch your explanation of those in the upcoming video about commercial jet engines!
This was helpful thank you
This is great, thank you 👍
I like the intuitive examples /analogies you used to explain simple concepts
Super channel thanking you with the blessings 🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏
Great information
This is great, thank you so much.
Excellent tutorial. 👍
Thanks man
Awesome keep doing more videos like this😍😍
Also why are the f-22 nozzles rectangular slits? Or better yet do they need to be round?
Very well explained. Extremely informative. Thanks.
Very helpful
Very good explained
thx you so much pro ✨❤
You haven’t explained what after burner does but I learned a lot
I have been wondering how does engines work for a long time and couldn't find a suitable and user-friendly video to help. Thanks to this i understand way more!
Nice explain 🤩😋 ... Thank you ‼
Que interesante, no hablo ingles pero entedi el 90% del video😎😎👍👍👍👍👍
Even after knowing the engineering is so bloody difficult. Only few countries can actually make jet engines.
Turned a week of class learning into a few minutes!
Would you please make a video of Pratt & Whitney Engines.
Thank you very intresting and informative. Surely there is little oxygen to combust when the fuel from the afterburner is added or am I wrong in thinking that?
This is a great question! In reality the jet engine will suck in far more oxygen then it needs. The fuel-air-ratio is very low, meaning that there is substantially more air than fuel entering the engine. This is also known as running 'lean'. All this results in plenty of oxygen left over for the afterburner!
@@HitMeWith thank you for explaining it. I assume the "lean" running is the most efficient way of running the engine as well or would I be wrong in thinking that too?
@@lukecowley8258 That's right! Running lean means maximising the energy from every drop of fuel. Strict regulation and competition mean engine efficiency is a top priority. Also running lean helps keep the engine cool, too much fuel (heat) and you risk burning up all the components!
@@HitMeWith thank you again😊
Well explained but how did the air get in?. I dont see any air vents in front of the engine
Nice explanation friend.
I read somewhere that, for an afterburner to give 50% more thrust, it has to burn 600% more fuel than the actual combustion chamber, which is why that decreases the range of the jet. Is that true?
That seems quite high! A typical reheat system might double the fuel consumption when running at full power. That's why most modern fighter aircraft have supercruise capability, which conserves fuel :)
@@HitMeWith It's just something I've read. I have nothing to prove it. I don't even design jet engines.
I just want to try build one now thanks :)
Upload more video like this
So its sort of a continuous internal combustion engine that of course also sends the exhaust out at really high speeds
That's right, it's a continuous combustion process
How do those afterburner nozzles not melt?
so the Hot blows against the more dense cold air...this provides the thrust...so how do you move in Space as there is 'nothing' to push against.
Thanks 👍
Sir want full detail about F404 Engine
How does the compressor rotates by itself, doed it have any APU like commercial
straight to the point, no nonsense. can i give more than 1 like? XD
Does the jet engine manually manufactured or robotic intensive one?
Can you please tell about all possible propulsion systems for aircrafts?
time to flex my knowlege
As a 13 yo who is wanting to be an aerospace engineer, I am now designing my first turbine engines!
I have a question. If the turbine powers the compressor how does it start spinning in the first place? It may sound stupid but I was just wondering. Love your videos btw
Great question! It's complicated, but I just did a video on this, it's here ua-cam.com/video/bYjQ9fzinT8/v-deo.htmlsi=Q0exdUcL-fSnl9Tv
Nice expanation
So do squids and octopi have after burners??
😮😮😮😮😊😊😊😊 from Malaysia 🇲🇾🇲🇾🇲🇾🇲🇾🇲🇾
Is that a Sukhoi Su in the intro?
Nice explanation
Actually it was rather poor.
The image with the F16 and 737... The top view of the F16 is flipped incorrectly. The 20mm gun is on the left of the aircraft. Whoever added the image tried to flip the jet.
4:28
So why don’t we use simply a fixed nozzle ?
When we put even more fuel into the engine (for the afterburner system), we are changing the thermodynamic cycle slightly. We expand the air even more, and we need to compensate for this additional increase in mass flow. So the nozzle area needs to open up even more! Otherwise we would restrict the throughput. No afterburner = fixed nozzle
Best video
Thank for this vedio and I would like to see how does gas turbine starter, start an engine.
You didn't explain the afterburner properly!
Imma build a mini version out of it
And smack it on an paper plane xD
Ok forget the last part...
So is it safe to say that it runs more on air than fuel?
Every engine will have a working fluid (which is the fluid that the engine does 'work' on). For a jet engine, it uses air to achieve the thrust. But fuel is necessary in the thermodynamic cycle to achieve this :)
I think you overestimate how many aircraft use jet engines. The vast majority of GA aircraft are piston-propeller aircraft. There are more than 100,000 Cessnas, Pipers, and Beechcraft still flying around regularly, with models that are still in production. And new GA designs, like Diamond and Cirrus, use piston-propeller power, because they're much cheaper to build, maintain, and fuel.
But what causes the turbine to suck air in the first stage
If the Tempratiure gets high enough to melt metal, why doesnt the engine melts ?
king 👑
This is a good example of a Turbo Jet type engine, which are no longer in production and are extrememly inefficient. Actual modern aircraft utilize high bypass Turbo Fan engines. The fan is the primary component that makes the airplane move forward. There is no fan on the engine in this animation.
Modern fighter jets use _low bypass_ turbofan engines, not the high bypass type used by passenger jets. High bypass turbofans are far more fuel efficient than the low bypass type but can't be used for supersonic flights. The cross-section area of a high bypass turbofan with sufficient thrust is also too large to fit inside the relatively small hull of a fighter.
How to start a fighter jet engine, for there is no APU as commercial jets.
Im 11 and im trying to make mini fighter jet
Yes but how the turbine or fan blades turn
Can you teach me how to fly one please.
4:34
everything reminds me of her
0:02 The first fighter jet is Bangladeshi 🇧🇩
Kesini gara gara garasi Drive.
Silvia s15 fighter work
Tragic that great minds are sometimes obligated to use their ingenuity to develop tools of death and destruction
1:15 real
for the engine to work it must SUck
mate I don't understand the thing with
modern aircraft
A jet engine is also an internal combustion engine. You need to do a little more homework before tackling a subject.
Indeed!
Both piston engines and turbines can have internal combustion, just as they also can be steam engines (external combustion). Titanic did in fact have two piston engines and one turbine, all three powered by steam from the boilers.
I don't get it