Metals From Moon Dust - Lunar Metallurgy
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- Опубліковано 6 жов 2024
- Refining Regolith on the Moon.
Patreon: / lunardevelopment
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Written, Produced & Narrated by Ian Long
Music Credits:
Patrick Patrikios - Feels
Mass Effect Trilogy - Extended Galaxy Map Theme
Aleks Michalski - Aeternum I
Stellaris Soundtrack - Riding the Solar Wind
Empire Total War - Theme
MogueHeart - Between The Worlds
Stellardrone - Penumbra (Remix)
Sagittarius V - Blush
War & Peace - Vasily
The Weeknd - Blinding Lights (Medieval Style _ Bar_original)
Aleks Michalski - Existence
Sagittarius V - Records
Relevant Sources (not formatted- bite me.)
Vacuum Pyrolysis and Related ISRU Techniques
Eric H. Cardiff; Brian R. Pomeroy; Ian S. Banks; Alexis Benz
pubs.aip.org/a...
In-situ resource utilization-feasibility of the use of lunar soil to create structures on the moon via sintering based additive manufacturing technology.
Hartmut R Fischer.
www.researchga...
High vacuum metallurgy - opportunities in lunar resource processing - www.researchga...
Physical Chemistry of the Reduction of Calcium Oxide with Aluminum in Vacuum
K.T. Jacob and S. Srikanth
www.researchga...
Calcium Reduction as a Process for Oxygen Production - Landis
arc.aiaa.org/d...
Flourine Materials refining on the Moon - Landis
ntrs.nasa.gov/...
BENEFICIATION AND POWDER METALLURGICAL PROCESSING OF LUNAR SOIL METAL William N. Agosto - arc.aiaa.org/d...
The beneficiation of lunar regolith for space resource utilisation: A review
www.sciencedir...
A new anode material for oxygen evolution in molten
oxide electrolysis Antoine Allanore, Lan Yin, Donald R. Sadoway
www.researchga...
It should be possible to collect significant amounts of metallic iron nickel alloy just by running a magnet over the surface thanks to all the meteorite impacts.
Probably good for bootstrapping small things, but not industrial scale production.
Dont high temperatures reduce magnetism?
Like a metal seperator used for recycling, should work pretty well do to the low gravity, so you might get the metal even a few centimeter below the surface. Means you can easily process 100 tons per hour resuting in 500kg of iron. Without the need of excavation an little power demand.
@@PaulSpades well let's do some quick math:
A crater is usually 10 to 20 times the diameter of the impactor. That means the material excavated is ~10^3 times the volume of the impactor. The materials are similar in density so I can estimate that each ton of lunar regolith will contain about 1kg of meteorite.
about 5% of meteorites are 95% metal. The rest are between none to a few percent. For ease of math let's just assume 5% of the material hitting the moons is metal.
This means that each 1000kg of regolith will have on average about 50 grams of metallic iron. Probably more when you consider that the same regolith may have been hit multiple times.
Now That's not a lot but extracting it will be sooo much easier than trying to reduce the oxides.
You up for the experiment???!!
this entire channel's contents would make for a sick factorio mod
A KSP-esque game would be peak, especially if there was more automation then the base game allows
Maybe check out the game Stationeers it is maybe the game closest to capturing this experience
Someone should make this a full overhaul factorio mod agreed
PS, check out The Crust. Still in early access but not bad
@@retr036that exists
I like how he's just continuously calling out Cody's Lab to try and do this.
I love your videos for your practical approach to space industrialization. As for being an archivist of other people's work, don't think that being the one to put all of this together makes you any less of an innvovator. This just makes you an engineer instead of a scientist.
A Space Engineer if you will.
Yeah engineering is all about taking those whitepapers made by scientists and figuring out just how many corners can be cut to fit your constraints.
@@lorlouis6644 Yup. Research and science is how you get the means. Engineering is how you put all of that together into something that accomplishes a task, and it's not done under ideal or laboratory conditions. Without science the engineer has nothing to work with, without engineering the scientist's work won't be used for anything.
literally playing that while listening.
33:10 NO COLD TRAPS FOR O2. We do not want to run the risk of producing singlet oxygen (which commonly can happen with Schlenk lines) under cold/vacuum. Singlet O2 is an excited state that could potentially explode.
The best solution is to vent it via negative pressure with additional condensers for metal vapors.
- your local Chemist
@@asadburden1621 great thank you!
It seriously a WTF that singlet oxygen is not the ground state. Almost always the triplet is the excited state for simple gases, but it is the ground state for oxygen.
Maybe that causes nature to so easily produce it? And the closeness of triplet and the singlet state in energy.
@adamrak7560 it's because O2 has two degenerate pi* orbitals. And thanks to Hunds rule and the Pauli exclusion principle, you get these interesting Molecular states.
What is 'negative pressure' in relation to a vacuum process?
You're not just collector or librarian. You are synthesizer. Because all new knowledge is just collection of "cubes", but how these "cubes" connected - is a key and definition of a new system knowledge.
P.s. I realize that's what you said to pay homage to scientists, but you're a scientist too, albeit without official status
" before time began..... there was the cube"
Thanks so much! I’m creating a board game where the objective is a race to establish a base on the moon, and you’re almost the only creator who explains the process.
Solar energy powered vacuum sublimation of metals sounds freaking dope.
This feels like the start of a potential large collaboration between different science and engineering youtubers and I'd love to see it.
> Volatile Fluorides
Having a passing familiarity with the history of Chemistry, highly reactive fluorides are infamous enough that I'd prefer the vaporizing metals under vacuum with solar death rays option.
The Thorium Nuclear crowd hasn't gotten their meme reactors to work in a commercial setting after 70 years of research because fluorides eat literally everything, including the reactors.
Dude I get so excited when you upload. My day is measurably better now and I'm looking forward to running these errands while I listen. ❤
@@canilernproto3018 wow thank you thats so awesome to hear!
Same man, same.
You and KYplanet have the same effect on the soul@@Anthrofuturism
Yeah man same here 🤘. This itches the brain. You should check out oxygen not included the video game made by klei
You are the Perun of space logistics
Amazing comment and pretty accurate.
YES
What does that mean
@@chemplay866Perun is a guy who makes powerpoint presentations on UA-cam about defense economics, logistics and industrial development.
The best compliment you could give to a person.
LETS GO I HAD NOTIFICATIONS ON!?
I appreciate that you had the Mass Effect galaxy map music playing when you started talking about mining metals on a celestial object. Could practically hear "probe launched" in my head.
"probing...
hot stuff
@@Cammymoop u r ;)
best channel looking into lunar development
The long wait is finally over thank you!!!
YEAAAAH!!!
We Back Boysss
The Mass Effect music was used *perfectly.*
this is a youtube channel i truly like im always like YESS A NEW EPISODE that few other channels i watch can elicit
you know you're in too deep if you had an actual eureka moment
I had kind of wondered why not just use a blast furnace and fairly traditional forms of separation (chemical and density in a large molten batch) at first, but the idea of just vaporizing and distilling pure materials at relative low temperature in a vacuum is literally beyond incredible. A holy grail of material refining. Quick, simple, cheap, scalable. That is the sort of technology that could make colonization of other stellar bodies economically feasible. The best thing too is that it's a continuous process rather than a more labor intensive tapping based process. Then again, maybe there are specific methods tried to refine basalt into usable metals that could be looked at.
Now we just need to make ceramics out of the regolith materials that can be used for things like that condenser pipe. And then any industrial waste created on the moon from materials mined on it can then just be fed back into this process in an infinite recycling loop that only slightly decreases the efficiency of the overall system.
With Chromium, iron and nickel you'd be better off just making stainless steel. Easier to cold weld too. Just rub it together really quick.
This is my favourite channel dude. It's just so interesting and informing to watch.
Oh boy my favorite thing MOON ENGINEERING!!
This is my favorite tech channel by far. Each video of yours is a perfect explanation of why and what we could do on the moon.
So youre telling me that, my hopes and dreams of being a blacksmith on the moon, is actually possible? 💥
stellaris soundtrack fits these videos too well
This was surprisingly engaging for someone who was barely awake 20 mins ago. The classic eric andre meme had me dying at 7am
You did such an amazing job on this video! It really makes my Marine mind Happy
this channel is an actual gem and the animation looks great also love the stellaris music
This was amazing! Great work, can't wait to see the first foundry on the moon!
my first video i watched was "A Better Way To Build A Moon Base - Animated" and i instantly fell in love with your content and subscribed 4 minutes into that video i absolutely love your channel because you explain how lunar exploration and colonization would work i can't wait for you to explain how multi story buildings could be built on/under the lunar surface
Bro is literally on the cutting edge of material science on this field, and with his own ideas and all
LOVE getting notifications when new AF vids drop! LFG!
I look forward to every one of your videos! This one was particularly interesting as I had no idea how metals are refined and purified.
Also... joined!
Thank you very much!
Holy clanking replicators... This is insanely doable
Happy to see you know software engineers love your videos too ❤
The usual poggers for the algorithm keep making videos mr anthrofuturism its nice to see this channel grow
This is what all of us have needed. We need to know what we are starting with and begin to use chemistry , both subtle and gross, to bend them to our will.
😂Been checking the channel for a new episode all week, despite all notifications on
So, how do we get Cody's attention? @cody'slab
BTW, found the channel 2 hours ago, so perfect timing for the video :D
Idk how you did it, but he found the channel about 1 hour after this comment
@@tomaszkarwik6357 commented on his last video. Also gave the man the advice of using a YD handle on a shovel
It pains me using a straight wood one souch
lmao and we'll see what happens with graphene. amazing
Found your last video yesterday, so this is a pleasant surprise!
A NEW EPISODE🙏🙏🙏🙏🙏keeping my curiosity satisfied
Well done! Very informative and well-researched. Thank you.
Liked and commented for algorithm boost, gonna watch later as this will be a banger
Sign me up for the lunar cult of MMM, mmm goodness.
LETS GO!!! FAVORITE SPACE/SCIENCE CHANNEL
i guess the solution would be multiple methods not just one to fit them all. some elements might be done in a pressurized inert chamber with 1 atm pressure or a suitable range. in melding for example we use an inert gas( argon, co2) to prohobit the bonding between oxigen and steel. as you shown greatly this is an engineering problem which of course is solvable and not a physics problem. great work,
2:14 "Everything is to scale." 😂
Love watching these vids always so informative and interesting.
I just had an idea that a nuclear submarine for earth's oceans, if we make it out of titanium instead of steel it would float in an ice giant like Uranus or Neptune. It's a candidate for a space splashdown mission.
Vaporizing the lunar surface using the power of the sun? Yes, please.
Where has this channel been all my life?
Love this channel
Amazing work! 100k in no time.
Absolutely awesome Video!!!!
👍🌌
Thanks for making this video dark mode
Wake up babe, new AntroFuturism video just dropped.
Great video once again!
Best channel on UA-cam
LETS GOO
one could say... a steel still
gonna have to watch this one twice
"dream about selling that rock to uncle Sam for 50$/kg" so many good laughs, way underrated channel
Preach it young man.
"Regolith rawdogging"
A major reason I like iron for lunar construction- at least phase one with our potato and blood/urine bricks is the substantially reduced corrosion effects present on the moon. This isn't especially viable in oxygen rich environments, but I think we will have plenty of opportunities to build structures that fit this requirement.
Keep up the beautiful videos :)
Ha, the Mass Effect music reminded me of the element scanning bits from ME2 and ME3.
In the US we send a bunch of alfalfa to China not because it’s super profitable but because it’s super plentiful. We receive a bunch of cargo ships full of goods from there so in order to not send the ships back empty handed we stack a bunch of alfalfa on ships and ship it away for basically pennies. This is to say an economy that receives a lot of imports does not need to try very hard to spur on exports. This means we can subsidize lunar exploration with lunar mining as long as fuel isn’t crazy expensive.
Hell, silicone (sand) is priced at 3.52$, if we just filled a starship (carrying capacity 150 metric tons) full of silicone we’ve made $1,164,240. While not great, this is literally the lowest end since silicone is basically just sand.
Sorry if you do mention this btw, I just started the video but I’ve had this on my mind while reading ur book
I never expected to see the Martin Marietta corporation listed as the owner of a quarry unless that quarry was somehow related to nuclear testing
"Mass Effect - Uncharted Worlds" Background music had me trippin for a second.
Regolit is the future of sandpaper!
I have this idea for quite a will in my imagination Electrostatic force can replace gravitational force but with some conditions:-
Gauss law must be maintained.
This force can make us oscillate between platforms(not to mention high-voltage lightning) we need to isolate platforms from charge platforms and living quarters only exist between platforms.
I don't think this idea is real but if it is where it could be.
Neat stuff! It does seem likely some combo of pyrolysis and electrolysis is the right way to separate lunar elements. For just iron, aqueous electrolysis is feasible at a pH around 2, I've done this with sulfuric acid from basalt, but throughput is low because you're electrode surface area constrained.
Distillation: I have noticed a thin white crust of sodium oxides will distill off basalt dust as I solar melt it.
Pyrolysis: 24:48 Evidently "calcium disilicide" (CaSi2) is a compound that melts at 1040 C, so reduced calcium and silicon would probably not stay separate. I do like the idea of slagging off selected oxides, a high throughput volume process.
Amazing video.
Great timing for dinner 🍽️
make this series a podcast so i can listen to it in the car
I'd rather watch him animate and do commentary over the video
I think the killer problem with the vapor distillation approach would be throughput. the need for very low pressures means that only a miniscule amount of regolith can be boiled at a time. density of solids and liquids vs low pressure gas is massively different. it would probably be a century or two post lunar colonization before lunar industry can be big enough to produce a vapor distillation refinery large enough to produce a worthwhile amount of iron
Fucking top notch opener bro
Here's to the price of regolith. To the moon!
I don't think we should be to concerned about the lack of carbon. If only there was a planet nearby that has a problem of having too much carbon in its atmosphere and has even more in the ground.
Send this to some companies and watch the space race reignite with even more drive than during the cold war
AYEEE HE POSTED
4:40 had to pause to check if I was watching another 40k video
Let's do the moon!
I think we will import carbon pretty heavily as methane. Starship runs on methane and is meant to be refueled in orbit, which means loading infrastructure, tabkerships, and transfer ability are already baked in. Certainly i think it will be the main way to export hydrogen.
Dont think so the main source of carbon will be the food that gets imported from earth.
@@jonasstahl9826 I'm not necessarily saying that methane will be the main source of carbon, I'm saying it will the main source of hydrogen imports, and consequently will be a significant source of carbon.
@@neolithictransitrevolution427 You dont need hydrogen on the moon, water will be 100% recycled and any minor loss can be replaced with the water from food supplys, if they get more personal just import some water. I doubt they need more than 100 liters of water per person that gets constantly used and recycled atleast until they start growing plants.
Emergency water ration excluded.
Calcium makes a great electric conductor in the absence of oxygen and water.
I believe the word you were looking for is "curator".
Using floride refining would make sense since it would double up on a full scale molten salt reactor for power
Just me but oxides of iron are also magnetic, for example lodestone.
I thought by heating the oxide with gaseous hydrogen you could get (relatively) pure iron and separate the hydrogen with electricity to reuse and store the oxygen. Need to confirm this from others.
It’s been suggested to use a giant sized mass spectrometer to separate the elements. Since the Moon has a decent vacuum you could create a large structure to send down the gasses of the elements for separation. Won’t claim its effectiveness, so we need to check that from experience. A good use for lava tubes.
9:33 god damnit i had to watch it twice cus i was getting distracted :D
If you created a huge magnetic field, you could funnel hydrogen from the solar wind in. If you collected the moon area of solar wind it would create tons of water per day, create many gigawatts of power from heat of collision and allow the reduction of minerals to metals with the hydrogen.
Haha that’s so funny I was thinking about selling moon regolith when you said it.
They oxygen we should just feed into a cave somewhere. Increase the vapor pressure by pumping in gasses, get thermal convection going and melt that ice so we can have so underground lunar rivers. Those caves are like 5km in diameter and likely as hermetically sealed as need be as there is no real air currents on the moon and gas will just slowly go to the lowest point it can and kinda... sit there.
Bro I just know governments and companies gonna fck up space colonialism somehow
Oh, yeah. And I am here with popcorn waiting. Fireballs are fun to watch baby.
Join the ✨Sigma Metallurgy✨
Research, Animations, entertainment and Imagination are peak UA-cam! You deserve more subs, likes and views. I respect your hard work.
ps: what's that background music in the 1st min?
@@Leo-gi7bg Patrick Patrikios - Feels
My 3am thoughts put into words, but more coherent.
Edit: the best way to test this is to build a research base on the moon, feels like we should've built that shit around the 2000 but it never happened, sadge.