Christianity's most important algorithm
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- Опубліковано 20 бер 2021
- Algorithm Archive: www.algorithm-archive.org/con...
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Designing an algorithm for Easter so he can find his birthday is such a Gauss thing to do
When you go by the rule "the first Sunday after the first full moon in spring", you have to be aware that it refers the church's definition of "spring" and "full moon", not the actual astronomical dates. The cases where this makes a difference are called equinoctial and hebdomadal paradoxes. The most recent one was 2019, when the real full moon was less than four hours after the real beginning of spring, but it was still a winter full moon according to the church's cycle.
I had to implement this algorithm a few years ago.
Thats when my burning hate for calendars began.
It's insane!
I recall an exercise back in university that involved doing calculations involving time zones... time zones and calendars.. two of the programmer's circles of hell.
@@B4dW0lf I see you haven't worked with different languages
Surely a burning love?
Oh yeah I remember learning about this when I implemented automatic holidays into a work tracking spreadsheet for the company I work at. Fun stuff, just a block of 10 lines of raw algebra :D
Geez, tell me about it! It's literally just math. I had so many iterations of this video that were just oodles of equations put together. It ended up being really dry, so I left the math out except for the calculation of the day of the week of the full moon.
I wonder how long until we have a universal calendar that isn't tied to any celestial objects. I mean using an Earth based calendar on Mars wouldn't make any sense but switching between calendars would be even more painful so at some point either our current calendar will lose all meaning of its connection to Earth seasons or someone comes along and creates a new calendar system that's a lot more intuitive to work with.
I am sure there will be a solar year for mars and we'll have to convert to that as well... I would love to see what a genuine "universal time" would look like.
2. the .2425 in 365 is 97/400, which means 97 leap years in every 400 year cycle: every 4 years (100), except if year is divisible by 4 (100-4=96), except if the year is divisible by 400 (96-(-1)=96+1=97).
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@@LeiosLabs Are You Kidding Me? You're My Fucking Hero!
@@blasramones4515 Haha, I'm happy you enjoy the content!
The IAU Astromomical Supplement has an algorithm to compute the date of Easter Sundat for any year after 1582. It uses the method of Odin (1940) who was a Vatican mathematican and astronomer and appears in Chapter 12 . Also has algorithms for converting a calendar date to a Julian Day number and vice versa.
Wow, great video with great explanation! :D
Haha You always make great videos too! Keep up the good work!
@@LeiosLabs ☺️
holy sh*t! I'm in the description!!
Haha, thanks for the support!
6:30 - Pft, tell me about it. A year or two ago, I wanted to add a function to an electronic device to allow it to automatically react to expected light levels based on the time of day (i.e., how bright it should be outside from the position of the sun). I assumed it would be a simple matter of looking up "sun position formula" but just like many years ago when I tried to look up "moon phase formula", it turned out to be much harder than I expected to even just find a formula, let alone get it to give correct results. 😕
Yeah, this is one of those things that is deceptively challenging!
What's your idea of a perfect calendar, Leios?
Honestly, I no longer have an understanding of time after 2020(+1)
@DeadLink 404 IMHO, leaps days should be last day of the year. Easy to remember, fairly easy to calculate, and in western culture most people are off work anyway, so not a hassle.
Unix (or instant) time. Just forget about calendars.
@@renanrabelarti would leap months be too much of a pain?
@@shoam2103 This is a winner!
Very interesting video!
Glad you enjoyed it
Loved this.
So.... what happens when the moment of the full moon is Saturday for part of the world, but Sunday for the rest (due to date line issues)? Do we have two separate but equal Easters, do some people have to ignore the rule, or does the timing only count at a single location?
So, basically, as far as I understand it, it's because the date for Easter is formally calculated using approximations of astronomical events, not the actual astronomical events themselves.
The March Equinox is defined as March 21st, and has been for centuries by various church traditions (it was, for example, one of the driving factors behind the development of the Gregorian Calendar, because the defined date for the March Equinox kept falling behind the actual astronomical event).
Similarly, the Paschal Moon occurs on the 14th day of a lunar month, which is either 29 days or 30 days long (approximating the 29.5 day lunar cycle), regardless of the time the full moon actually occurs, or on which date within the calendar month. This, similar the March Equinox, means that the defined date of the ecclesiastical full moon and the actual full moon can occur on different dates.
Most recently this occurred for Easter of 2019. The March Equinox that year took place at 21:58 UTC on March 20th (meaning, for example, that it took place on March 21st in New Zealand), with the next full moon taking place at 01:42 UTC on March 21st, just hours later. This should have meant that Easter should have fallen on March 24th (because, regardless of time zone, although not helpful for answering the question you actually posed, March 24th was the next Sunday on the calendar).
However, March Equinox is *defined* as March 21st (doesn't matter about the time, it's the date), and the ecclesiastical March full moon was *defined* as being March 20th, meaning that in this instance, the set date for the March Equinox came after the set date for the full moon, which is pretty interesting. Anyway, that meant that the following ecclesiastical full moon, April 18th, with Easter falling on the next Sunday, i.e. April 21st.
So, because (most?) churches used defined dates based on approximations, rather than specific times of actual astronomical events, it doesn't matter that a full moon might happen on a Saturday in Rome but a Sunday in Australia, as long as they all agree that the Saturday and the Sunday were represented by the same two consecutive dates.
I don't know whether or not there are other church traditions which set Easter in a different way, i.e. which do take into account the actual times of astronomical events, though. That would be pretty interesting. Like, would they say "according to the time and date in this particular location, which applies to everyone" (which is basically what, for example, the various major churches have done) or would they allow for there to be differences in when Easter is celebrated based on differences in time zone?
Awesome video! Now it’s back to waiting for clickspring to release another antikythra video...
I've never understood the reasoning for why Easter - based on the Jewish Passover - doesn't use the same algorithm.
The same algorithm as what
Short answer: Because Sunday and pagans.
Long answer: Easter was (is) a pagan holiday while Passover is a Jewish holiday and the holiday that Jesus's death and resurrection are directly linked to. As such many early Christians celebrated Jesus's sacrifice based on Passover rather than on Easter. Then due to a combination of factors (such as: Easter being on a Sunday while Passover wasn't, their close proximity to each other, converting pagans to Christianity, opportunities to rebrand pagan holidays as Christian ones, and so on) Easter became the hybridized mess it is today where there are clearly non-Christian stuff like the Easter bunny tied to it and the Jewish basis for the holiday are kind of forgotten as Passover doesn't line up with Easter.
2:50 "If at this point you're staring to feel like your favourite calendar system is held together by string, ducktape, and just a little bit of bubblegum, I reckon I believe you".
But how else would you fit a fractional value into a discrete system? The way I conceptualize leap years is that every year, you keep a sum of the 0.2425 days that weren't accounted for; until the year the sum gets greater than or equal to 1. Then for that year, you add a leap day and subtract 1 from the sum. The algorithm described in the video is just an O(1) optimization of that. I guess it's kind of like looking at a physics equation without understanding the context for how it was derived.
Another way I like to think of the "carry over" is in terms of adding fractions, where the denominator indicates how many years have to pass until you add/remove leap days:
1/4 - 1/100 + 1/400 = 0.2425.
Easter the real April fools day
Except when it’s May?
do you use manim for your animations?
No, we used our own project (GathVL), but manim is great!
Okay, wouldnt it be better then to follow the Lunar calendar then rather than using both ? what am I missing ?
Well, they used to use lunar more than solar. That was why Gauss didn't know his solar birthday. Nowadays, we just decided on solar. It makes keeping track of seasons a bit easier, at least!
0:20 What would that sound like as audio?
Probably a mess ^^
You've not mentioned the complexity of calculating the date of the spring equinox, which varies because of leap years, your position on the surface of the earth (time zone), and precession.
I believe it has been artificially "fixed" as 21st March - which is a sad cop out!
Also, what does "after" mean in "first Sunday after"? In edge cases this can also depend on the time zone of the observer.
Right, in those cases, there is still an executive decision made by the pope, and yeah the March 21st date was also arbitrarily set by the pope. Who knew the pope controlled time?
@@LeiosLabs it entertains me that protestant denominations, some of who loathe the pope and all he stands for, allow him to dictate the day. For the rest of us it's just as well they do.
I used to go out with a Greek. It's even more bizarre in the Eastern Orthodox religions where they follow the same rule (1st Sunday after 1st full moon after 21st March) but their 21st March is the one according to the Julian calendar, which they still use for ecclesiastical purposes. This means that sometimes their Easter Day is the same as ours and sometimes it's a week or two later. They like it best when it's later as they can buy up all the cards and chocolates at discounted prices.
It's actually closer to 365.2422 days per year, but the Gregorian calendar rounds this to 365.2425.
I think the highest precision a single day can add is 0.0025, so to get the extra, extra precision there needs to be a few hours changed, which is probably why we are stuck with the leap-year system.
@@LeiosLabs Well, you can adjust arbitrarily small amounts by adding or removing leap days at larger and larger intervals. The Gregorian calendar removes the 0.0075 days per year (from the Julian calendar's 365.25) with the "skip leap days every year divisible by 100, except put them back in years divisible by 400" rule. But you could adjust more finely by having rules with intervals longer than 400 years. The Gregorian calendar is drifting (relative to the changing of the seaons) 1 day forward every 30,000 years, so we could make it more accurate by removing the leap day in years divisible by 30,000.
@@DontMockMySmock Ah, right. You are 100% correct.
6. Not to boast: it took you months. It took me an evening...
I would like to know the chances of ending up here randomly on easter.
why did you build your house of such tiny bricks?
1. The Jewish calendar might help you. Its calculations are known and accurate since before JC.
Oh wow
thank you for great explanation.
By the way, the Juwish calendar has also 19 years cycle.
They must be related, right?
@@LeiosLabs yes, the jewish calendar is a lunar calendar, but it adds leap months to keep in line with the seasons (and thus the solar year).
Super
CHRIST BLESS YOU 🙏❤️☺️
365.2425 is gregorian year, solar yr is 365.2422. This diff shows as 1dy error in 3000yrs
hahahahahhaha thanks for the cake! I'm over the moon!
I'll be sure to make you some next time I see you in-person!
This algorithm was far simpler than I imagined it would be.
To be fair, I simplified it a lot in this video and removed most of the math. The full implementation is in the algorithm archive.
3. the algorithm was stolen/adapted from the Jewish calendar and made "independent"/Christian so to disassociate from Jews. Interesting and silly: JC was a Jew from birth to ("both") death(s), and, Easter is Passover, which is The holiday of Spring, so it must be in spring, that's why the Jewish Calendar has leap years - but, instead of adding a day, they add a whole month - total of 7 months (of 30 days) added each cycle of 19 years. months length are rounded down and up from lunar cycle (29.5+793/1080/24~29.5) so 29, 30, 29, 30, etc., and the second and third months lengths are also adjusted: 30 and 29 to 30 and 30 or to 29 and 29, resulting in year lengths of 353, 354, 355, 383, 384, or 385.
The calculations go to when the sun and moon "were created", 5784 years ago...
Ooooo. I finally understood why the orthodox easter and the catholic easter are sometimes aligned and sometimes aren’t .... because calendars 🙃. And if you think calendars are weird, try dealing with people 😂
Yeah, orthodox churches still use the Julian calendar
4. conclusion: plagiarism of the Ancient Jewish Calendar.
audio too soft. right click -> stats for nerds -> content loudness -11.0, should be between -2 to 0 dB
Looking around other videos, it seems to be normally around -6. I'll see if I can fix it for future uploads. My mic is a little quiet.
@@LeiosLabs you can also amplify digitally. Most video editors have such a feature, or you could use audacity which is a free audio editor
@@nicktohzyu I did. I usually normalize to -2. I'm a bit confused as to what happened with this video, in particular. The truth is that youtube does something weird to the sound every time I upload and I never really know what it will sound like until I upload it.
I feel like the confusion came to be when the pagan holiday was co-opted
Yeah, Easter is a crazy mishmash of different ideas put together. Like, why are eggs and bunnies related? Because they are celebrations of new life from the pagan spring festival that happened at the same time.
5. yeah, dependent on celestial events, and spring, and THE JEWISH CALANDER in which Passover must be in spring, and Easter IS Passover! Christianity by the Roman pope of 3rd century is NOT the real Christianity anyways or it is 50% paganism!
dude plz shave off ur beard
Islam The Beautiful Religion
( Be Just )
Quran 5:8
'' O you who believe! stand out firmly for God, as witnesses to fair dealing, and let not the > HATRED OF OTHERS TO YOU < make you swerve to wrong and depart from justice. Be just: that is next to piety: and fear God. For God is well-acquainted with all that you do. ''
Quran 4:58
'' Indeed, God commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and when you judge between people to judge with justice. Excellent is that which God instructs you. Indeed, God is ever Hearing and Seeing.''
( God's The Rules Of War )
Quran 2:190
'' Fight in the way of God > THOSE WHO FIGHT YOU < but do not transgress. Indeed. God does not like transgressors. ''
Quran 2 :193
'' And fight them on until there is no more oppression, and there prevail justice and faith in God; but if they cease, Let there be no hostility except to those who practice oppression. ''
Quran 4:90
''.........So if they withdraw from you and cease their hostility and offer you peace, in that case Allah has not granted you permission to fight against them.''
Quran 8:61
''And if they seek peace, then you also seek it, and put your trust in God. He is the Hearer, the Knowledgeable.''
( Stand Up For Justice )
Quran 4 :135
'' Ye who believe! stand out firmly for justice, as witnesses to God, even as against > YOURSELVES < or your parents, or your kin, and whether it be (against) rich or poor: for God can best protect both. Follow not the lusts (of your hearts), lest ye swerve, and if ye distort (justice) or decline to do justice, verily God is well-acquainted with all that ye do.''
( Who Are The Good Human Beings? )
Quran 2.177
'' Righteousness is "NOT" that you turn your faces ( in worship ) toward the east or the west but [true] righteousness is [in] one who believes in God, the Last Day, the angels, the Book, and the prophets and gives wealth,> IN SPITE OF LOVE FOR IT,< to relatives, orphans, the needy, the traveler, those who ask [for help], and for > freeing slaves < [and who] establishes prayer and gives charity; [those who] fulfill their promise when they promise; and [those who] are patient in poverty and hardship and during battle. Those are the ones who have been true, and it is those who are the righteous. ''
( Freedom To Believe And To Reject )
Quran 2:256
'' Let there be no compulsion in religion. Truth stands out clear from error ''
Quran 10:99
'' And had your Lord willed, those on earth would have believed > all of them entirely < Then would you compel the people in order that they become believers? ''
( Tolerance For Other Religions )
Quran 109: 1- 6
Say,"O disbelievers,
I do not worship what you worship.
Nor are you worshipers of what I worship.
Nor will I be a worshiper of what you worship.
Nor will you be worshipers of what I worship.
For you is your religion, and for me is my religion."
( Protection for Idol Worshiper )
Quran 9:6
"And if any one of the polytheists seeks your protection, then grant him protection so that he may hear the words of Allah. Then deliver him to his place of safety. That is because they are people who do not know. "
Quran16:125
“Call people to the way of your Lord with wisdom and good teaching, and argue with them in the most courteous way”
Quran7:199 “Be tolerant....”
( Friendship With Non Muslims )
Quran 60:8
'' God does not forbid you from those who do not fight you because of religion and do not expel you from your homes - from being righteous toward them and acting justly toward them. Indeed, God loves those who act justly. ''
( Do Christians And Jews and "OTHER" non-Muslims go to Heaven? )
Quran 2:62
'' Those who believe (in the Qur'an), and those who follow the Jewish (scriptures), and the Christians and the Sabians,-> ANY { On Judgement Day }
( According to the Quran Christians and Jews worship TRUE God )
(Quran 3:113-114)
'' Not all of them are alike: Of the People of the Book ( Christians and Jews ) are a portion that stand (For the right): They rehearse the Signs of God all night long, and they prostrate themselves in adoration. They believe in God and the Last Day; they enjoin what is right, and forbid what is wrong; and they hasten (in emulation) in (all) good works: They are in the ranks of the righteous.''
Note: According to the Quran that Jesus is not God nevertheless Christians still worship one '' TRUE '' God.
( > Allah < Is The Protector Of Monasteries, Churches, Synagogues And The Mosques )
Quran 22:40
[They are] those who have been evicted from their homes without right - only because they say, "Our Lord is Allah ." And were it not that Allah checks the people, some by means of others, there would have been demolished monasteries, churches, synagogues, and mosques in which the name of Allah is much mentioned. And Allah will surely support those who support Him. Indeed, Allah is Powerful and Exalted in Might.
( Why Are There So Many Different Religions In The World ? )
Quran 5 48
''...... If God wanted He could have made all of you a > single nation < But He willed otherwise in order to test you in what He has given you;(scriptures) therefore try to excel one another in good deeds. Ultimately you all shall return to God; then He will show you the truth of those matters in which you > DISPUTE submission < to God), never will it be accepted of him; and in the Hereafter He will be in the ranks of those who have lost (Salvation)''
My explanation of above verse
Islam mean > submission < to God
( The above verse saying is that God will not accept a religion from the > MUSLIM < and the Non-Muslims but total > submission < to God.)
Question: How Can Muslim And the > Non-Muslim < > submit < to the God ?
Answer: Be kind to other human beings and Do not lie, Do not steal, Do not cheat, Do not hurt others, Do not be prideful and Do the charity work.
( God Allow Muslims To Marry And Eat Food From the Christian And Jew And Vice Versa )
Quran 5;5
''This day [all] good foods have been made lawful, and the food of those who were given the Scripture ( Christian and Jew) is lawful for you and your food is lawful for them. And [lawful in marriage are] chaste women from among the believers and chaste women from among those who were given the Scripture ( Christian and Jew) before you, when you have given them their due compensation, desiring chastity, not unlawful sexual intercourse or taking [secret] lovers. And whoever denies the faith - his work has become worthless, and he, in the Hereafter, will be among the losers.''
( Kindness Toward Atheists / > APOSTATE < )
Quran 60:8
'' As for such [ of the unbelievers ( atheist) ] as do not fight against you on account of [your] faith, and neither drive you forth from your homelands, > Allah < does not forbid you to show them > kindness < and to behave towards them with full equity: for, verily, Allah loves those who act equitably. ''
( All The Terrorists / Killers Will Enter Hell Fire )
Quran 5:32
"......Whoever kills a soul unless for a soul or for corruption [done] in the land - it is as if he had slain mankind entirely......"
( Turned Your Enemies Into Your Awesome Friends )
Quran 41:34
"The good deed and the evil deed are not alike. Repel the evil deed with one which is better, then lo! he, between whom and thee there was enmity (will become) as though he was a bosom friend."
( The Husband and The Wife Are > Protecting Friends < One Of Another )
Quran 9:71
''And the believers, men and women, are > Protecting Friends < one of another; they enjoin the right and forbid the wrong, and they establish worship and they pay the poor-due, and they obey God and His messenger. As for these, God will have mercy on them. Lo! God is Mighty, Wise.''
Quran16:97
“To whoever, male or female, does good deeds and has faith, We shall give a good life and reward them according to the best of their actions.
Quran 30:21
“And of His signs is that He created for you from yourselves mates that you may find tranquility in them; and He placed between you > affection and mercy { Love }
The Prophet Muhammad said, “The best among you is the best to his wife”
( Human Are One Big family )
Quran 49:13
" O mankind! We created you from a single (pair) of a male and a female, and made you into nations and tribes, that ye may know each other (not that ye may despise (each other). Verily the most honored of you in the sight of God is (he who is) the most righteous of you. And God has full knowledge and is well acquainted (with all things)."
( All The Racist People Will Enter Hellfire )
Quran 30:22
"And of His signs is the creation of the heavens and the earth and the diversity of your languages and your colors. Indeed in that are signs for those of knowledge."
My conclusion:
The > BASIC < message of God to the human is that '' YOU '' believe in God and be kind to other human beings / > animals < and in the > RETURNED < God will > REWARD < you with a new life in Paradise.
* The Quran ONLY guides you how to become a good human being " Nothing Else ".
* You are a good human being or a bad human being that is YOUR choice.
* No one can force you to become a good human being.
* You MUST work HARD to become a good human being.
* Why should '' YOU '' do good deeds and avoid bad deeds?
* Do Good - it's for You. Do Bad - It's against you.
* '' YOUR '' life is a TEST from God that you will choose to do either Good or Bad.
* Find the excuse to help others and forgive others NOT the other way around.
* '' YOUR '' final destination is either Hell or Heaven.
* So work HARD toward choice of YOUR destination.
Quran 17:7
If you do good, you will do so for your own good. And if you do evil, it will be to your own loss.,.