I often think about the possibility that a hundred or two hundred years from now, people will be looking back at us and talking about "dark energy" and "dark matter" the same way as we talk about Aether today.
Rick Seiden Considering we can measure dark matter's affects, even where no visible matter exists, I doubt it. If you go outside and see cat footprints on your car and look around but see no cat, do you deny that a cat was on your car? There's a LOT more data on dark energy than just galaxy rotation speed. And dark energy is whatever is making the universe expand against gravity. Also, please keep in mind that dark matter/dark energy are placeholder names only. DM is called such because in our everyday experience matter is what makes gravity and DE is called such because normally energy is what makes things move against gravity. We actually don't know what either of them are. For all we know it could be some higher dimension stuff we've never seen and what we see is what's "leaking" into our reality. In other words, we named them based on the affects we can measure. The aether never had any observations like that.
Don't get me wrong. I believe in Dark Matter and Dark Energy. People a lot more educated and a lot smarter than me know a lot more about it than I ever could, so I'm not going to second guess them. Having said that, we can measure it's effects based on what our current understanding of the universe is. Who's to say we have it all 100% right? Perhaps there is something that we're missing in our equations and our formulas that, in time, will make us look back and laugh at Dark Matter and Dark Energy. Probably not, but I can wonder about it, can't I?
Rick Seiden Oh, we know we're missing things. Otherwise we'd know what caused them. And wondering is always good, but your comparison to the aether doesn't work since one had zero observations supporting it and the others have a LOT of observations.
Fun fact: H.P Lovecraft was a huge fan of plate tectonics and thought it was the coolest explanation, using it in his stories to hide Ry'leh and The Mountains Of Madness
Speaking of Aristotle, literally this entire video could be dedicated to him. He simultaneously inspired thousands of people's interest in science for many centuries and horribly misled almost all of them. One of the greatest boons and hindrances to scientific advancement for a well over a thousand years!
I mean, you can't really blame him for his theories on things smaller than people at the time could see without technology not to be made for over a millennia and a half, but still, some of his theories make no sense even with regard to what they knew and could test at the time!
You are saying this this because other great figures of the past have started their own scientific theories and that is the reason you dont have to begin again from the start when you have to theorise about life and other scientific matters. It is fair to say that Ancient Greece was one of the few countries in the past that made those first steps and theories about the world. Thats why it can be said that philosophists like Aristotle aided at the advance of science and definately not hinder it, so others in the future could doubt their predesesors and come up with more logical answers of the world.I hope that you can see now
Aristotle's theories were based largely on introspection and thought experiments. What he felt was correct because it made sense became his truth. Many of his ideas stuck around for so long just because no one wanted to test them or question them. However the fact that he gave birth to critical thinking is why he's remembered as a genius. He just neglected the experimentation part (much of which required technology and understanding that wasn't available at the time).
1) Life seems to independently spawn from sludge. Disputing this means positing invisible entities (germs) which is only acceptable with more direct evidence. 2) All well-understood wave phenominon (at the time) seemed to require a medium. Why should light be any different?
actually, the italian guy with the growing earth was right. according to (I. Perrin: The geoid ́s hemispheric ring dilatation. NCGT, La Junta, Colorado, 2002) & the NASA, earth grows ~20cm (roughly "2 hands broad") per year in circumstance.
This is what i think of it, science is a way to use reason to research our universe, the scientific method is a process on how to better do that science, a scientific theory is a collection of results with ever improving accuracy, sometimes those results are very strong, that denying them is just malice and stupidity, leading to scientific facts. Evolution is a fact because of this, gravity is a fact because of this, that the Earth is round is a fact because of this.
Also too many people don't really seem to understand what the word theory means, and use it wrong as well. Hypothesis is perhaps to fancy or have too many syllables to be used commonly?
In an astronomy course I took, the first thing the prof said was "20% of what I teach you in this class will be wrong. The problem is nobody knows which 20%." Stuck with me. Science is a process of discovery, even in the 21st century.
That reminds me of a corporate manager who complained that he was aware that half of his advertising budget was wasted, and he was OK with that - but he didn't know which half.
You have to give Aristotle some credit, he invented science and was the father of biology, he didn't know everything he lived over 2000 years ago. He did pretty good for a guy that didn't know what happened to the Sun during the night and didn't know that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
@Fluffy Maximus so were most people in that time. If you were born during that time, statistically speaking, you would have been a racist bigot as well.
@Fluffy Maximus How the hell do you project modern values on to ancient lifestyle. He was very progressive for his time. If you were born in his time you would consider your other self as a racist sexist person because you were never exposed to other ideas.
Long since dead comment but hey, The thing is for us now the things we have right are starting to way out number the things we might have wrong. Compared the leaps and bounds we've done in the last 50 to the leaps and bounds over the last 200 years, its like a glass full of various sized rocks and gravel and sand, its being shaken and all the sizes are layering themselves out eventually the last few grains with pop into place and we'll have it all. At the mo I think we are far more closer to the end state than we are to the start and every new thing discovered speeds that drive to the end faster and faster. The singularity is coming, and its coming fast.
@@levvisbalhare1780 We don't have to wait 50 years to figure those out. Both served a political purpose and unfortunately did it (are doing it) very well.
@@NZBigfoot Hmmm fascinating! I don’t know if I believe that we are as far along as this,necessarily. I believe there are some pretty large rocks we need to add to the pot, particularly when it comes to the human mind / consciousness.
Old hypotheses may look far-fetched in retrospect, but they were valid attempts to explain the facts, without having to summon supernatural explanations. In due course they were replaced by better explanations, as in all scientific models. Nice video. Thumbs up.
We are still chasing many types of "Aethers", we just discovered they are different than we thought. The electromagnetic field is the "medium" that allows light to travel. The Higgs field is an (almost) undetectable entity that permeates the universe and gives objects their mass. Dark matter and dark energy are undetectable entities that could explain several phenomena. The universe is all but "empty", after all :). We just need to reconsider our conception of "emptiness".
The aether was used to describe an absolute reference point, a universal grid. The various fields in today's theories are there to help explain the patterns of waves/particles/forces we see and is not a universal reference frame.
Unlike 'Aether' we have honest to god evidence of all the things you've listed. The Higgs boson was the 'silver bullet' we'd been looking for for decades, its existence furthering the 'Standard Model'. Dark Matter and Dark Energy are things we know exist, but we can't tell 'what' they are, all we can detect are their effects. Also the universe isn't 'empty' like ever, even in the middle of something like a super void there is still some matter around you.
Just realized the four (or five) elements represent states of matter... Earth: Solid Water: Liquid Air: Gas Fire: Plasma Possible fifth; Aether: Photon (light rays) Edit: yes, I am aware that fire is not truly and completely plasma, but in an ancient world when most of this was first thought of, fire was the most obvious and abundant example of something which has some of the properties of plasma. Basically a shorthand symbol for the idea. That or lightning, but that's probably a little too ephemeral.
The experiment to detect aether wind sounds a bit like the way gravitational wave detectors work. I suddenly had the idea: What if the aether wind experiment was set up in an ultrapercise way. Then the experimentors see their interference. The detection gravity waves would be misinterpreted as evidence of the aether wind. Notes: 1. I am aware that the aether wind test could not have been precise enough to really detect gravity waves. 2. I am also aware that the interference would not look as expected. It is just an interesting thought to me, not a plausible scenario.
So, they made reasonable assesments based in the information they had, and changed their tune when new technologues allowed for the acquisition of new information?
yes, which is why even today going "science is a fact" is a factually untrue statement. Just like everyone in this video, key theories we hold about how the universe works could be disproven in a decades time given the right technological advancements, theories to test and coincidental findings that don't fit to our current theories.
Matthew Leigh What do you mean. Inflame means it gets on fire by itself. So inflammable means it can easily light it self up. Flammable means it catches on fire from an outside source
It would be quite interesting to know what scientists a couple hundred years from now will think of our current theories of life, the Universe, and everything.
When I heard Newton's "If I have seen farther it is because I stood on the shoulders of giants" I thought it was a profound statement of humility. I always thought he was saying "my accomplishments were only possible because I built on the ideas of great men who came before me". He seemed to acknowledge the great thinkers before him. But it's more likely he was taking a last stab at Robert Hook, his predecessor in the Chair of the Royal Society and intellectual foe. It's theorized that Hook was short and hunched-back. With his "...shoulders of giants..." statement he was taking a shot at Hook's short stature. We won't know for sure because in a fit of pettiness Newton destroyed Hook's portrait at the Royal Society. Newton may have given humanity some of the greatest tools in the Laws of Motion and calculus but he aged into a petty, unlikable jerk.
No, he started that way. It just became more obvious over time, as his studies into the Temple of Jerusalem inexplicably failed to reveal the True Name of God. Shocker
I don't see how 'shoulders of giants' could be a reference to someone being short and hunched-back; surely 'shoulders of deformed midgets' would have been a more accurate analogy. What you have to remember is that Hook was pretty horrible in his rivalry to Newton as well, so you can't blame him for wanting to get a little dig in, but I think the Hook theory for that quote is pretty preposterous to be honest and isn't convincing at all. It just seems like something someone who doesn't like Newton would say.
meh, I think your take is analogous to those who insist Shakespeare did not write his plays. An attractive alternative narrative to give certain people a thrill of rebellion to common thought. Most do not ascribe your meaning to Newton's quote and accept it at face value. But I guess there will always be the flat earther types who love the rebellious interpretations.
The "genius" of the experiment and paper was in concluding the aether (the medium through which E-M fields propagate ) was undetectable, so designing more detection experiments was pointless. And the experiment was so well done the conclusion was widely accepted. This was an almost unheard of breakthrough in thought, paving the way for relativity and quantum theory.
Love the research and work that was put in the video. Not to mention all the history and a peek into the development of some scientific understandings. thank you!
We live in very lucky period to be alive It was a weird strange world not long ago...let's hope we continue to improove and not kill all life here on the planet in the process
If they had: 1. Built it bigger 2. More powerful lasers 3. More powerful measurement devices They would’ve found gravitational waves but misattributed it to the luminiferous aether instead.
But they often don't correct themselves. There are ridiculous falsified "examples" of evolution still used in textbooks to this day. Ie vestigial organs, Haeckel's fraud drawings, Java man, Lucy etc
@@SpicyTexan64 quite, both Heakels exaggerated embryo drawings and the mis classification of the Java man as the missing link where fueled by the individuals want to be correct about a thesis they had most likely spent a large chunk of their life working on, so a good thing their is more than one scientist, no? If doubt is cast on something, it will be hotly debated until either a resolution is met or a new piece of evidence proves one as true it disproves both. On the case of the Heakels drawings still appearing in textbooks as recent as 2015, the blame of that should rest on the publishers and editors.
Science is a process of knowledge and understanding of the here and now, based against current knowledge i think scishow is a very cool channel... i hope it doesnt become history as things in the past are often not as they seem...
Actually, could you do a video about thermal energy? I understand the idea of photons of infrared light being radiated out as radiated heat, and I understand the idea of atoms vibrating as conductive heat, but how do they relate to each other? How does one become the other? How does electrons absorbing and emitting light become the entire atom vibrating? Thank you!
If you liked this video, I highly recommend reading Thomas Kuhn’s “The Structure of Scientific Revolutions”. The history of science is an interesting subject, and it is humbling to think how limited our understanding of the universe likely is.
This was absolutely awesome! I'm in school for astro physics and am constantly learning the current accepted theories. The idea that the geniuses I learn about in class also believed in nonsense like worms spontaneously generating out of nothing absolutely hilariousxD
Reminds me of The Think Tank from Fallout New Vegas: Old World Blues. Scientists who are all incredibly intelligent, but have lost all grasp on reality and the nature of the world. Exemplified by Dr. Klein when he shouts: "GET YOUR ACT TOGETHER! YOU'RE MAKING US LOOK LIKE A COLLECTION OF ROUND-EARTHERS!"
The Greeks were pretty big of denying any new ideas because their concepts without any proof were "obvious" and "everybody knows it". Which is why Aristotle is a science "expert".
Michael Aranda is my favorite SciShow host 😊, and it's been uplifting fun to see him improving & looking better over the years while he teaches us about science. Keep it up man, you're smart and awesome! 👍
It’s wild that the ether detection experiment is basically how gravitational waves are detected. Imagine if they would have detected something with that and how that would have changed history.
A Dutchman named Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek (24 October 1632 - 26 August 1723) was quite into lensmaking. He subsequently also began to look at stuff through his various lenses and, yup, literally became "the father of microbiology". Among the many things he was the first to actually see were sperm! Before him, we did not know of the microbial world so we came up with all manner of explanations for phenomena, with some examples provided in this video. Just imagine what people will know 300 years from now and how they will shake their heads and laugh when talking about many things we assume/think today!
right, madi h? If I created an amazing way to look at things smaller than the human eye could see, I think my last thought in the world would be "hey, let's stick some fresh semen in it!" (and it would have had to be relatively fresh since he observed the little guys swimming) . Still, joking aside, it was a pretty amazing string of accomplishments.
I don't know where or when you went to school, but I'm a recently retired middle school teacher and I taught several of these in my classroom. We did a whole unit on scientific method that included them. But I just don't have his charisma, so there you go.
Thank you for sharing the information. It's mind blowing to think all this started from a small group of people around the Mediterranean sea some 4 thousand years ago, on the shoulders of giants, up until now. Am I happy to live in such an age of our species, despite our flaws...
Gazirra1 Why does this surprise you? If something is 'INflamed' what does that mean? In English, the prefix in can mean three different things. In the case of inflammable, it mean 'on.' Just like with the word inscribe or invoke, which mean to write 'on' or to call 'on' respectfully. Something that is inflammable is something that is capable of being 'ON' fire. 7th and 8th grade etymology ftw... In English, we use the word non-flamanble to describe something that doesn't catch fire.
herranton1979 op was making a Simpsons reference. And although "in" as a prefix has multiple usages, "not" is the most common (incorrect, indecent, invisible, etc.)
8:45 When he said that, vacuum fluctuations came to my mind and I chuckled. They may get eliminated immediately, but as far as I know, they're still spontaneously generating.
That's the best aspect of science and sets it apart from all other human belief systems, it continually checks and self-corrects. In other belief systems errors are hidden, covered up and witnesses threatened, but science openly examines its past mistakes to learn how we fooled ourselves before to help ensure we don't keep making the same errors again. Science as a model of the world is always approximate and provisional but by checking, cross-checking and openly examining mistakes to learn how to continually improve is the key to its success.
In roughly 2007 I wrote a term paper in my college Geography course about the Expanding Earth Theory as if I believed it. I used the comic book artist Neil Adams as a primary source. I got a 100.
This is fascinating, specifically because how some of the experiments *almost* had it right. I'm reminded of how miasma theory understood that foul smelling air was dangerous, but they thought it was because of evil, not bacteria.
Tall Troll well, they call themselves a social science, and are treated as such by land grant institutions like my college. Yes, the suffix ology is less related to science, but Here in America professors pretend to be a science but create unrepeatable and highly conflicting results
Tall Troll I have no real opinion on sociology as a science or not but how does -ology make something not a science? I mean aren't geology, biology, and physiology (there maybe more but thats all i can think of off the top of my head) all perfectly legitimate scientific fields?
I can think why he intentionally left out all the ologies. Because when you mix science with those wannabe science of the ologies, you run the risk of ending up with, Be hold, SCIENTOLOGY! If I got it wrong, my apology.
This is what I love about science. We get things wrong and can admit it. And it’s okay as long as we keep trying to discover more about our universe. We don’t claim anything as infallible truth and will accept any idea that evidence and data supports. I’m sure that some ideas we generally accept today will be overturned in years to come. It’s to be expected and it’s okay. The SciShow of 2500CE will do a video on some of our “silly” ideas.
Every time someone says “Plato” I start laughing uncontrollably and I’m too embarrassed to admit it’s because my dumbass hears “Play Doh” when someone says “Plato.”
Alida Boettcher Which one? Thor? Zues? The Flying Spaghetti Monster? Yahweh? Mythra? Alaa? And Can I mock leprechauns? What about unicorns can I make them too?
Pine Cone : no. I have seen how people are very clever. As long as you have health, there is still a way out. When facing death, it is a diffirent story. When confronted with a carjacking, all my intellectualism faded away. Read the religious books. Find God. It is the way to go.
Alida Boettcher I too have seen very clever people. Find the Flying Spaghetti Monster there is still time. The end time are near and where he place you when it is time for us all to be strained?
Pine Cone : sometimes people do not understand. Spirital time and calender time are two diffirent things. From which religion the spagetti monster come I do not know. But if it is a valid fear in your life, deal with it. The way of dealing with fear is accepting God's love.
The title should of been "6 times science has progressed old theories into concrete and modern explanations" But then I probably wouldn't have clicked the video, so I guess you win this one UA-cam.
This detailed historical look is fantastic, and really gives more perspective of modern-day information that we come across -- such as when we hear that eggs are healthy or not healthy. It allows us better to interpret what we hear, and make decisions that affect our lives. More history please!
aristotle is an exceptional individual. he's turned up in nearly all my college and highschool textbooks regardless of subject, but was wrong in each and every one of them except for the one on logical arguments.
My mother has an earth science book from the 1890s that features a diagram of the Earth floating in clouds of some kind of gas in space. There was also a theory to explain how volcanoes form; I believe it had to do with the Earth's crust expanding and contracting. Edit: Ah, there it is.
This episode is the best so far. We are so blessed to have such great knowledgeable young scientist. I Enjoy the clearly describing each facet of correlation and the outcomes. Keep the gift Alive for our future generations. 👍🏇
All of this makes me contemplate the 'newest' discoveries in science of the late 1980s. Back then the topic of the day had been holes in the ozone layer. The scientific consensus had been that the use of polyflurohydrocarbons in spray cans styrofoam, refrigeration systems,etc. were the culprit. That sort of news, for non-science majors and uneducated alike, generated a response that was a toss-up between 'What's That?' and 'If you scientists know so much about it just fix it and we'll do what we know how to do'. That's what a functioning system of order is.
One thing I was hoping to see was the geocentric model proposed by Ptolemy of Alexandria in the 2nd century CE, which was what Copernicus started to dismantle in the 16th century. The Ptolemaic model was amazingly elegant, and actually did manage to reconcile a geocentric solar system with oddities like different planetary speeds and retrograde motion.
The failed experiment intended to detect movements in the lumineferous ether is almost exactly how LIGO succeeds to detect gravitational waves currently. The failed experiment maybe was just too small (light path length) to detect anything at IRL resolution, but unless I’m wrong, it sounds like luminiferous ether may have been close to what AE termed “space-time.”
An honourable mention should go to Carl Von Linné, also known as Carl Linnaeus, the man behind grouping animals into types and families. One of his biggest blunders was that he thought a hippopotamus, was closely related to the common rat. Von Linné was also a stubborn man, so when questioned about how exactly he got to that conclusion, he apparently refused to speak with anyone, and locked himself up in his study, grumbling and sour.
The MM experiment did observer interference patterns. What they were looking for was the change in the pattern when they rotated their apparatus. The measurement was not at that time all that clear cut because of the difficulty of the observations. Screening out vibrations from people walking, etc.
Aether is such a fascinating topic because it's not _totally_ wrong. There is a "medium" through which light travels, it's the electromagnetic field. And the Michelson-Morley experiment that disproved the aether by not finding anything is a primitive version of the experiments labs like LIGO are doing to study gravitational waves.
People discredit hypotheses and enquiries which lead nowhere or are eventually replaced. But negative results are important too. They can tell us about where we really need to be looking.
I often think about the possibility that a hundred or two hundred years from now, people will be looking back at us and talking about "dark energy" and "dark matter" the same way as we talk about Aether today.
probably
Rick Seiden
Considering we can measure dark matter's affects, even where no visible matter exists, I doubt it.
If you go outside and see cat footprints on your car and look around but see no cat, do you deny that a cat was on your car?
There's a LOT more data on dark energy than just galaxy rotation speed.
And dark energy is whatever is making the universe expand against gravity.
Also, please keep in mind that dark matter/dark energy are placeholder names only. DM is called such because in our everyday experience matter is what makes gravity and DE is called such because normally energy is what makes things move against gravity.
We actually don't know what either of them are. For all we know it could be some higher dimension stuff we've never seen and what we see is what's "leaking" into our reality.
In other words, we named them based on the affects we can measure. The aether never had any observations like that.
I've had that same thought! Like what if, also, people look back on string theory as Aether theory lol
Don't get me wrong. I believe in Dark Matter and Dark Energy. People a lot more educated and a lot smarter than me know a lot more about it than I ever could, so I'm not going to second guess them.
Having said that, we can measure it's effects based on what our current understanding of the universe is. Who's to say we have it all 100% right? Perhaps there is something that we're missing in our equations and our formulas that, in time, will make us look back and laugh at Dark Matter and Dark Energy. Probably not, but I can wonder about it, can't I?
Rick Seiden
Oh, we know we're missing things. Otherwise we'd know what caused them.
And wondering is always good, but your comparison to the aether doesn't work since one had zero observations supporting it and the others have a LOT of observations.
Surely makes you think about all the current misunderstandings we don't even know about
You don't know anything.
@ neither do you nor I
Let's agree: we're all idiots
@@Her_Viscera 👍😂
@@Her_Viscera `Everthing you think you know is simply a by-product of your ignorance `
Fun fact: H.P Lovecraft was a huge fan of plate tectonics and thought it was the coolest explanation, using it in his stories to hide Ry'leh and The Mountains Of Madness
Lorenzo Pagani Wow. Didn’t expect to find a fan of Lovecraft down here
Ian Starks racism aside lovecrafr is pretty cool and a good writer
Yay Lovecraft!
I love Lovecraft and I didnt know that and I'm very glad I do now!
For once, Lovecraft was accurate with science, unlike invisible light, which he thought could zombify people.
Speaking of Aristotle, literally this entire video could be dedicated to him.
He simultaneously inspired thousands of people's interest in science for many centuries and horribly misled almost all of them.
One of the greatest boons and hindrances to scientific advancement for a well over a thousand years!
I mean, you can't really blame him for his theories on things smaller than people at the time could see without technology not to be made for over a millennia and a half, but still, some of his theories make no sense even with regard to what they knew and could test at the time!
You are saying this this because other great figures of the past have started their own scientific theories and that is the reason you dont have to begin again from the start when you have to theorise about life and other scientific matters. It is fair to say that Ancient Greece was one of the few countries in the past that made those first steps and theories about the world. Thats why it can be said that philosophists like Aristotle aided at the advance of science and definately not hinder it, so others in the future could doubt their predesesors and come up with more logical answers of the world.I hope that you can see now
That was not Aristotles' fault though, but the fault of the Church making his opinions unquestionable.
Micah Philson
Yeah there were some people living even before Aristotle getting things more right.
Aristotle's theories were based largely on introspection and thought experiments.
What he felt was correct because it made sense became his truth. Many of his ideas stuck around for so long just because no one wanted to test them or question them.
However the fact that he gave birth to critical thinking is why he's remembered as a genius. He just neglected the experimentation part (much of which required technology and understanding that wasn't available at the time).
“Aether Wind” would be a great band name.
And the sister band
Lumine Anemo
I demand we make that a euphemism for farts.
Dark Energy
There's an artist called Atra Aeterna, so Aether Wind could definitely fly.
Do it
What really strikes me in this video is that they weren't *that* wrong. These all seem like reasonably plausable explanations.
1) Life seems to independently spawn from sludge. Disputing this means positing invisible entities (germs) which is only acceptable with more direct evidence.
2) All well-understood wave phenominon (at the time) seemed to require a medium. Why should light be any different?
Science is not so much a system for replacing “wrong” with “right” as for replacing “more wrong” with “less wrong” ideas.
WWLinkMasterX you can use underscores for italics _i am an egg_
@Allan Richardson - That's the nicest summation of how science works. Quite lovely. :)
actually, the italian guy with the growing earth was right. according to (I. Perrin: The geoid ́s hemispheric ring dilatation. NCGT, La Junta, Colorado, 2002) & the NASA, earth grows ~20cm (roughly "2 hands broad") per year in circumstance.
Science is a process and not a collection of facts. Too many people don't understand that.
theoldar well, it's kind of a process that lead to a collection of facts...
This is what i think of it, science is a way to use reason to research our universe, the scientific method is a process on how to better do that science, a scientific theory is a collection of results with ever improving accuracy, sometimes those results are very strong, that denying them is just malice and stupidity, leading to scientific facts. Evolution is a fact because of this, gravity is a fact because of this, that the Earth is round is a fact because of this.
Also too many people don't really seem to understand what the word theory means, and use it wrong as well. Hypothesis is perhaps to fancy or have too many syllables to be used commonly?
@@Tsuruchi_420 That tomorrow may turn out to be falsehoods.
@@antonsevigny5688 and if they turn to be falsehoods, more scientists will correct it
In an astronomy course I took, the first thing the prof said was "20% of what I teach you in this class will be wrong. The problem is nobody knows which 20%."
Stuck with me. Science is a process of discovery, even in the 21st century.
More like 80 percent
@@levvisbalhare1780 yeah? Maybe 100% amirite?
@@GameTimeWhy lol
That reminds me of a corporate manager who complained that he was aware that half of his advertising budget was wasted, and he was OK with that - but he didn't know which half.
@@philipb2134
😂 indeed
"Aristotle, where do babies come from?"
"They are spontaneously generated from mud."
Sexy mud.
It jives with the "dust to dust" saying about life and death. Theory confirmed.
I hope that you understand that he didnt say that and you say this just to get some likes..
Σπύρος Σ. It's amazing how well one can tell another's level of intellect purely by the things they feel have to be explained...
lazyperfectionist1 well you know what they say Aristotle was pretty much wrong about everything
You have to give Aristotle some credit, he invented science and was the father of biology, he didn't know everything he lived over 2000 years ago. He did pretty good for a guy that didn't know what happened to the Sun during the night and didn't know that the Earth revolves around the Sun.
Science relies on empirical evidence. It has more of a value on what’s said rather than by whole it’s said
@Fluffy Maximus so were most people in that time. If you were born during that time, statistically speaking, you would have been a racist bigot as well.
@Fluffy Maximus no you dont. No one is talking about his personal life or behavior. Were stricly discussing his work
@@StolenPixel exactly. regardless of his personal beliefs his legacy is what shall be critiqued through his science. He was a scientist.
@Fluffy Maximus How the hell do you project modern values on to ancient lifestyle. He was very progressive for his time. If you were born in his time you would consider your other self as a racist sexist person because you were never exposed to other ideas.
I'm excited to see which things we currently believe will turn out to be wrong over the next 50-ish years.
Long since dead comment but hey, The thing is for us now the things we have right are starting to way out number the things we might have wrong. Compared the leaps and bounds we've done in the last 50 to the leaps and bounds over the last 200 years, its like a glass full of various sized rocks and gravel and sand, its being shaken and all the sizes are layering themselves out eventually the last few grains with pop into place and we'll have it all. At the mo I think we are far more closer to the end state than we are to the start and every new thing discovered speeds that drive to the end faster and faster. The singularity is coming, and its coming fast.
I got 2 . Dr.Fauci was wrong global warming is over exaggerating nonsense
@@levvisbalhare1780 We don't have to wait 50 years to figure those out. Both served a political purpose and unfortunately did it (are doing it) very well.
@@chapter4travels that's true.
@@NZBigfoot Hmmm fascinating! I don’t know if I believe that we are as far along as this,necessarily. I believe there are some pretty large rocks we need to add to the pot, particularly when it comes to the human mind / consciousness.
Old hypotheses may look far-fetched in retrospect, but they were valid attempts to explain the facts, without having to summon supernatural explanations. In due course they were replaced by better explanations, as in all scientific models. Nice video. Thumbs up.
We are still chasing many types of "Aethers", we just discovered they are different than we thought.
The electromagnetic field is the "medium" that allows light to travel. The Higgs field is an (almost) undetectable entity that permeates the universe and gives objects their mass. Dark matter and dark energy are undetectable entities that could explain several phenomena.
The universe is all but "empty", after all :). We just need to reconsider our conception of "emptiness".
The aether was used to describe an absolute reference point, a universal grid. The various fields in today's theories are there to help explain the patterns of waves/particles/forces we see and is not a universal reference frame.
RIGHT
Unlike 'Aether' we have honest to god evidence of all the things you've listed. The Higgs boson was the 'silver bullet' we'd been looking for for decades, its existence furthering the 'Standard Model'. Dark Matter and Dark Energy are things we know exist, but we can't tell 'what' they are, all we can detect are their effects. Also the universe isn't 'empty' like ever, even in the middle of something like a super void there is still some matter around you.
I heard some stuff about a manbearpig.
Lies again? Polite Home Delivery
Just realized the four (or five) elements represent states of matter...
Earth: Solid
Water: Liquid
Air: Gas
Fire: Plasma
Possible fifth; Aether: Photon (light rays)
Edit: yes, I am aware that fire is not truly and completely plasma, but in an ancient world when most of this was first thought of, fire was the most obvious and abundant example of something which has some of the properties of plasma. Basically a shorthand symbol for the idea. That or lightning, but that's probably a little too ephemeral.
May I ask you why fire is plasma? Didn't get it
There’s condensate, which is below solid ( purely theoretical at 0 K)
Plasma is the 5th ether imo
@@FlorenciaVM1 burning is a chemical reaction that can get hot enough to create plasma, and its the plasma that we see as licks of flame.
In traditional Indian literature, we have 5 elements,
Called panchbhoota
Earth, water, air, fire and sky
The experiment to detect aether wind sounds a bit like the way gravitational wave detectors work.
I suddenly had the idea:
What if the aether wind experiment was set up in an ultrapercise way. Then the experimentors see their interference. The detection gravity waves would be misinterpreted as evidence of the aether wind.
Notes:
1. I am aware that the aether wind test could not have been precise enough to really detect gravity waves.
2. I am also aware that the interference would not look as expected.
It is just an interesting thought to me, not a plausible scenario.
I feel as though alot of people radically misunderstand my muscles.
Muscle Hank
Congrats!
I was gonna see if i beat ya to the post. XD
Muscle Hank you are puny. My muscles eat muscles for breakfast!!!
I think you’re using steroids!
Muscle Hank! Muscle Hank! Muscle Hank!
So, they made reasonable assesments based in the information they had, and changed their tune when new technologues allowed for the acquisition of new information?
That's how science works! Of course, most of these ideas were seen as plausible theories instead of proven facts, even at the time.
WWLinksMasterX
Spontaneous Generation was disproven with a jar.
Vaccume-sealable jars have not existed for most of human history.
I think the "they were wrong" part comes from those who refused to accept that they've been working with incorrect models for 2 centuries etc
yes, which is why even today going "science is a fact" is a factually untrue statement. Just like everyone in this video, key theories we hold about how the universe works could be disproven in a decades time given the right technological advancements, theories to test and coincidental findings that don't fit to our current theories.
6:10
"Inflammable means flammable!? What a country!"
Matthew Leigh What do you mean. Inflame means it gets on fire by itself. So inflammable means it can easily light it self up. Flammable means it catches on fire from an outside source
Hi, everybody!
Nonflammable and inflammable are two different animals.
apple54345 Hi Dr Nick!
+apple54345 Hello there. :D
It would be quite interesting to know what scientists a couple hundred years from now will think of our current theories of life, the Universe, and everything.
It would still be "42".
When I heard Newton's "If I have seen farther it is because I stood on the shoulders of giants" I thought it was a profound statement of humility. I always thought he was saying "my accomplishments were only possible because I built on the ideas of great men who came before me". He seemed to acknowledge the great thinkers before him.
But it's more likely he was taking a last stab at Robert Hook, his predecessor in the Chair of the Royal Society and intellectual foe. It's theorized that Hook was short and hunched-back. With his "...shoulders of giants..." statement he was taking a shot at Hook's short stature. We won't know for sure because in a fit of pettiness Newton destroyed Hook's portrait at the Royal Society.
Newton may have given humanity some of the greatest tools in the Laws of Motion and calculus but he aged into a petty, unlikable jerk.
No, he started that way. It just became more obvious over time, as his studies into the Temple of Jerusalem inexplicably failed to reveal the True Name of God. Shocker
I don't see how 'shoulders of giants' could be a reference to someone being short and hunched-back; surely 'shoulders of deformed midgets' would have been a more accurate analogy. What you have to remember is that Hook was pretty horrible in his rivalry to Newton as well, so you can't blame him for wanting to get a little dig in, but I think the Hook theory for that quote is pretty preposterous to be honest and isn't convincing at all. It just seems like something someone who doesn't like Newton would say.
he didn't even age into one really, since he died really young, even for the time he lived in
meh, I think your take is analogous to those who insist Shakespeare did not write his plays. An attractive alternative narrative to give certain people a thrill of rebellion to common thought. Most do not ascribe your meaning to Newton's quote and accept it at face value. But I guess there will always be the flat earther types who love the rebellious interpretations.
If I was Newton I would have done the same if not worst thing to that jerk of Robert Cook. Only that Newton had too great of a mind for anyone to be.
wow, I assumed Oxygen was known much sooner.
same
Idiot
@@whtbobwntsbobget Dude who pissed in your cereal
@@Sluggii I did.
Youd be suprised how long it took for a lot of things to get figured out.
3:04 Thanks for explaining the name origins for the thing in Voltron.
Karl Eriksson I was thinking the same thing lol
I appreciate that you mentioned the Michelson-Morley experiment!
The "genius" of the experiment and paper was in concluding the aether (the medium through which E-M fields propagate ) was undetectable, so designing more detection experiments was pointless. And the experiment was so well done the conclusion was widely accepted. This was an almost unheard of breakthrough in thought, paving the way for relativity and quantum theory.
Love the research and work that was put in the video. Not to mention all the history and a peek into the development of some scientific understandings. thank you!
Fun fact: we detected gravitational waves with an experiment that essentially is a super sophisticate version of the Michelson-Morley experiment.
Roses are red,
Science is cool.
SciShow makes learnin fun,
Glad I'm not in school.
Patrick Philippy
Your meter fills me with rage.
@@deepspacedoggydog blind people don't see black, they see nothing.
We live in very lucky period to be alive
It was a weird strange world not long ago...let's hope we continue to improove and not kill all life here on the planet in the process
It makes me wonder what crazy stuff we have completely wrong though ha
Alberto Cattani Well said. (:
What are you talking about? It's a weird, strange world TODAY, too!
+J Girl Exactly ! History should have taught us that by now ^^
In veru luck we are indeed
That “aether wind” experiment seems similar to how LIGO detects gravitational waves 🤔
If they had:
1. Built it bigger
2. More powerful lasers
3. More powerful measurement devices
They would’ve found gravitational waves but misattributed it to the luminiferous aether instead.
@@RealLifeKyurem finally i realize i am not the only one who thought this
@@RealLifeKyurem yeah, I thought that too.
LIGO is more of an aetheric fart detector.
Thank you for a very informative and excellently narrated video,great job!
Scientists can be wrong all the times, but they can learn and correct themselves and discover new things
Unlike some certain groups of people...
Came looking for this comment. Cheers!
thesupergreenjudy in which case other scientists will correct them
But they often don't correct themselves. There are ridiculous falsified "examples" of evolution still used in textbooks to this day. Ie vestigial organs, Haeckel's fraud drawings, Java man, Lucy etc
@@SpicyTexan64 quite, both Heakels exaggerated embryo drawings and the mis classification of the Java man as the missing link where fueled by the individuals want to be correct about a thesis they had most likely spent a large chunk of their life working on, so a good thing their is more than one scientist, no? If doubt is cast on something, it will be hotly debated until either a resolution is met or a new piece of evidence proves one as true it disproves both. On the case of the Heakels drawings still appearing in textbooks as recent as 2015, the blame of that should rest on the publishers and editors.
Science is a process of knowledge and understanding of the here and now, based against current knowledge i think scishow is a very cool channel... i hope it doesnt become history as things in the past are often not as they seem...
Actually, could you do a video about thermal energy? I understand the idea of photons of infrared light being radiated out as radiated heat, and I understand the idea of atoms vibrating as conductive heat, but how do they relate to each other? How does one become the other? How does electrons absorbing and emitting light become the entire atom vibrating? Thank you!
Thanks for pointing out how the Aether thing sounds suspiciously familiar.
When he says : Earth, wind and fire
BOOGIE WONDERLAND
Damn. I was over here thinking about Captain Planet.
HEART!
DO YOU REMEMBER?
aaron russell HES our hero gonna take pollution down to zero!
If you liked this video, I highly recommend reading Thomas Kuhn’s “The Structure of Scientific Revolutions”. The history of science is an interesting subject, and it is humbling to think how limited our understanding of the universe likely is.
.
This was absolutely awesome! I'm in school for astro physics and am constantly learning the current accepted theories. The idea that the geniuses I learn about in class also believed in nonsense like worms spontaneously generating out of nothing absolutely hilariousxD
Terra Pinguis makes the "Noot noot" sounds.
Noot nooooooot!
hehehehe classic.
Thanks for that highly interesting information
Reminds me of The Think Tank from Fallout New Vegas: Old World Blues. Scientists who are all incredibly intelligent, but have lost all grasp on reality and the nature of the world. Exemplified by Dr. Klein when he shouts: "GET YOUR ACT TOGETHER! YOU'RE MAKING US LOOK LIKE A COLLECTION OF ROUND-EARTHERS!"
The Greeks were pretty big of denying any new ideas because their concepts without any proof were "obvious" and "everybody knows it".
Which is why Aristotle is a science "expert".
Michael Aranda is my favorite SciShow host 😊, and it's been uplifting fun to see him improving & looking better over the years while he teaches us about science. Keep it up man, you're smart and awesome! 👍
It’s wild that the ether detection experiment is basically how gravitational waves are detected. Imagine if they would have detected something with that and how that would have changed history.
A Dutchman named Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek (24 October 1632 - 26 August 1723) was quite into lensmaking. He subsequently also began to look at stuff through his various lenses and, yup, literally became "the father of microbiology". Among the many things he was the first to actually see were sperm! Before him, we did not know of the microbial world so we came up with all manner of explanations for phenomena, with some examples provided in this video. Just imagine what people will know 300 years from now and how they will shake their heads and laugh when talking about many things we assume/think today!
The Dutch are just plane amazing people. Science and exploration would be very different if not for their contributions.
Brenda Rua Indeed!
Anthony is a legend. Laughed so hard when I first heard about how he experimented to find sperms. Gross
right, madi h? If I created an amazing way to look at things smaller than the human eye could see, I think my last thought in the world would be "hey, let's stick some fresh semen in it!" (and it would have had to be relatively fresh since he observed the little guys swimming) . Still, joking aside, it was a pretty amazing string of accomplishments.
So was the sperm his or...?
Dark matter/energy the 21 century version of aether.
Why do they skip most of this in school, when we learn about progressing models, like the one for the structure of an atom? This stuff is interesting!
I don't know where or when you went to school, but I'm a recently retired middle school teacher and I taught several of these in my classroom. We did a whole unit on scientific method that included them. But I just don't have his charisma, so there you go.
This jumped out in the recommendations now, but I am really grateful for being able to see this video now
I blame Aristotle's Entourage, he was surrounded by Yes men.
He invented Logic. It's easy for people to assume you're right about things when you do something like that.
Scientists are imperfect creatures, they make mistakes all the time.
electronicsNmore *people
That's the beauty of science
Scientist are also humans, just like us
Yeah sometimes on purpose like Fauci
The question that really interests me is: Can we forgive their misunderstandings given the limited information they had to work with?
Yes but the greek were kinda making stuff up
Some of them, yes. Some of their assumptions weren't based on pure observation but interpreting what they could see in a way that fit their beliefs
No. Mf really out here making a theory of "stuff just spawn in bro"
I really enjoy the content you guys create. Thank you 👍
It is fascinating to see how close some people got to the truth of how the world works without microscopes, like the idea that burning releases gas.
Thank you for sharing the information. It's mind blowing to think all this started from a small group of people around the Mediterranean sea some 4 thousand years ago, on the shoulders of giants, up until now. Am I happy to live in such an age of our species, despite our flaws...
IN-flammable means flammable? What a country!
Gazirra1 Why does this surprise you? If something is 'INflamed' what does that mean? In English, the prefix in can mean three different things. In the case of inflammable, it mean 'on.' Just like with the word inscribe or invoke, which mean to write 'on' or to call 'on' respectfully. Something that is inflammable is something that is capable of being 'ON' fire.
7th and 8th grade etymology ftw...
In English, we use the word non-flamanble to describe something that doesn't catch fire.
herranton1979 op was making a Simpsons reference. And although "in" as a prefix has multiple usages, "not" is the most common (incorrect, indecent, invisible, etc.)
Clint Pereira lol, I had no idea... Never watched it. My bad.
Invaluable being the obvious exception.
Strange I thought it was just flammable
"Quintessence"
Me: Voltron? Haggar?
Me too!!!
I could listen to Michael Aranda talk to me about things all day.
8:45 When he said that, vacuum fluctuations came to my mind and I chuckled. They may get eliminated immediately, but as far as I know, they're still spontaneously generating.
Remember when scientists believed that the larger the genome the greater the complexity of the organism... BoY WeRe ThEy WRoNG!
all prise our corn overlords and their greater complexity!!!!
odd1sout?
Oh yeah was confused also at first... potato 48 chromosomes..heheh
What an interesting video !
"Quintessence"
Me: *MAJOR GASP*
VOLLLLTRONNN. IT'S REAL.
That aether experiment is quite literally the same used for gravitational waves. Neat.
That's the best aspect of science and sets it apart from all other human belief systems, it continually checks and self-corrects. In other belief systems errors are hidden, covered up and witnesses threatened, but science openly examines its past mistakes to learn how we fooled ourselves before to help ensure we don't keep making the same errors again. Science as a model of the world is always approximate and provisional but by checking, cross-checking and openly examining mistakes to learn how to continually improve is the key to its success.
"You've blinded me with science"
In roughly 2007 I wrote a term paper in my college Geography course about the Expanding Earth Theory as if I believed it. I used the comic book artist Neil Adams as a primary source. I got a 100.
Quintessence!
The Fifth Essence!
A term still used to hand-wave subjective experience within consciousness.
This is fascinating, specifically because how some of the experiments *almost* had it right. I'm reminded of how miasma theory understood that foul smelling air was dangerous, but they thought it was because of evil, not bacteria.
When I read the title for six i said "oh no" out loud, loud enough my housemate knocked on my door and ask if I was okay 😂😂😂
We should be more humble and not mocking our past because you know one day in the future they will laugh at our explanations.
"Science is always wrong" - George Bernard Shaw (half of his quote anyways)
Proud to attend Case Western Reserve where the Michelson-Morley Experiment took place! I pass by the monument almost everyday. Go Spartans!
I love listening to this guy talk. Like he has such a smart sounding voice.
You forgot the entire field of modern sociology.
No, that's an "ology", not a science. There is no conflict there
Tall Troll well, they call themselves a social science, and are treated as such by land grant institutions like my college. Yes, the suffix ology is less related to science, but Here in America professors pretend to be a science but create unrepeatable and highly conflicting results
Tall Troll I have no real opinion on sociology as a science or not but how does -ology make something not a science? I mean aren't geology, biology, and physiology (there maybe more but thats all i can think of off the top of my head) all perfectly legitimate scientific fields?
How dare they left out Scientology! It is or it at least tried to include the "ology" in its name.
I can think why he intentionally left out all the ologies. Because when you mix science with those wannabe science of the ologies, you run the risk of ending up with, Be hold, SCIENTOLOGY!
If I got it wrong, my apology.
Science is wrong, sometimes.
Science is wrong? How about that some theories are junk science. Don't think you know what you are talking about
The earth is a square.
No, it's a Tesseract! ;)
No, the earth is 2D. Completely flat, with no measurable thickness. Easily supported by science. /s
Jet fuel does not melt Moon landing hoaxes... so sayeth the Flying Spaghetti Monster.
The earth is parallelogram shaped
The Earth it's a trapezoid
This is what I love about science. We get things wrong and can admit it. And it’s okay as long as we keep trying to discover more about our universe. We don’t claim anything as infallible truth and will accept any idea that evidence and data supports. I’m sure that some ideas we generally accept today will be overturned in years to come. It’s to be expected and it’s okay. The SciShow of 2500CE will do a video on some of our “silly” ideas.
Every time someone says “Plato” I start laughing uncontrollably and I’m too embarrassed to admit it’s because my dumbass hears “Play Doh” when someone says “Plato.”
Number 7: Global warming :P
You forgot number 7!
For a while people thought a deity / God created and interacts with the world. Haha, it does sound ridiculous in hindsight
Don't mock God.
Alida Boettcher Which one? Thor? Zues? The Flying Spaghetti Monster? Yahweh? Mythra? Alaa? And Can I mock leprechauns? What about unicorns can I make them too?
Pine Cone : no. I have seen how people are very clever. As long as you have health, there is still a way out. When facing death, it is a diffirent story. When confronted with a carjacking, all my intellectualism faded away. Read the religious books. Find God. It is the way to go.
Alida Boettcher I too have seen very clever people. Find the Flying Spaghetti Monster there is still time. The end time are near and where he place you when it is time for us all to be strained?
Pine Cone : sometimes people do not understand. Spirital time and calender time are two diffirent things. From which religion the spagetti monster come I do not know. But if it is a valid fear in your life, deal with it. The way of dealing with fear is accepting God's love.
"Heating stuff to kill off microbes fame"
And, our favourite science 'expert'. 😂😂😂😂
Your videos recently have been super interesting. Thank you!!
thanks, Michael. another good one from you. you're the best!
The title should of been "6 times science has progressed old theories into concrete and modern explanations"
But then I probably wouldn't have clicked the video, so I guess you win this one UA-cam.
This detailed historical look is fantastic, and really gives more perspective of modern-day information that we come across -- such as when we hear that eggs are healthy or not healthy. It allows us better to interpret what we hear, and make decisions that affect our lives. More history please!
aristotle is an exceptional individual. he's turned up in nearly all my college and highschool textbooks regardless of subject, but was wrong in each and every one of them except for the one on logical arguments.
my middle school science teacher had kids doing the spontaneous generation meat jar experiments
that project was quickly banned
I forgot how short Michael’s hair used to be. I got used to the long hair xD
My mother has an earth science book from the 1890s that features a diagram of the Earth floating in clouds of some kind of gas in space. There was also a theory to explain how volcanoes form; I believe it had to do with the Earth's crust expanding and contracting.
Edit: Ah, there it is.
I totally understood "we can blame Play-doh for the idea" Boi was I flippin'
Michael Aranda’s voice is smooth as silk.
This episode is the best so far. We are so blessed to have such great knowledgeable young scientist. I Enjoy the clearly describing each facet of correlation and the outcomes. Keep the gift Alive for our future generations. 👍🏇
All of this makes me contemplate the 'newest' discoveries in science of the late 1980s. Back then the topic of the day had been holes in the ozone layer. The scientific consensus had been that the use of polyflurohydrocarbons in spray cans styrofoam, refrigeration systems,etc. were the culprit. That sort of news, for non-science majors and uneducated alike, generated a response that was a toss-up between 'What's That?' and 'If you scientists know so much about it just fix it and we'll do what we know how to do'. That's what a functioning system of order is.
I'd love to watch an episode like that in 250 years.
One thing I was hoping to see was the geocentric model proposed by Ptolemy of Alexandria in the 2nd century CE, which was what Copernicus started to dismantle in the 16th century. The Ptolemaic model was amazingly elegant, and actually did manage to reconcile a geocentric solar system with oddities like different planetary speeds and retrograde motion.
The failed experiment intended to detect movements in the lumineferous ether is almost exactly how LIGO succeeds to detect gravitational waves currently. The failed experiment maybe was just too small (light path length) to detect anything at IRL resolution, but unless I’m wrong, it sounds like luminiferous ether may have been close to what AE termed “space-time.”
And science, and stumbling at it, continues to this day. Nicely read!
An honourable mention should go to Carl Von Linné, also known as Carl Linnaeus, the man behind grouping animals into types and families. One of his biggest blunders was that he thought a hippopotamus, was closely related to the common rat. Von Linné was also a stubborn man, so when questioned about how exactly he got to that conclusion, he apparently refused to speak with anyone, and locked himself up in his study, grumbling and sour.
I studied spontaneous generation in biology class, and it's my favorite wrong assumption in science ever
I have some physics books published in 1880 which discussed light travelling through an aether
The MM experiment did observer interference patterns. What they were looking for was the change in the pattern when they rotated their apparatus. The measurement was not at that time all that clear cut because of the difficulty of the observations. Screening out vibrations from people walking, etc.
Aether is such a fascinating topic because it's not _totally_ wrong. There is a "medium" through which light travels, it's the electromagnetic field. And the Michelson-Morley experiment that disproved the aether by not finding anything is a primitive version of the experiments labs like LIGO are doing to study gravitational waves.
The guy at #5 must've had it bad... Imagine coining the term of the guy who raised a middle finger to scientists and was proven right anyway. 😨😨😨
People discredit hypotheses and enquiries which lead nowhere or are eventually replaced. But negative results are important too. They can tell us about where we really need to be looking.