Volibear, The Relentless Storm | Champion Theme - League of Legends
Вставка
- Опубліковано 5 жов 2024
- The official champion theme for Volibear, the Relentless Storm.
This war-hymn of the Ursine appears to be a fragment of the much longer poem ‘Ode to Ruin,’ dating back to before the War of the Three Sisters. While some of the original words have no direct translation, the intent behind them is abundantly clear…
The sky rumbles deeply, knowing him,
As the thunder calls out “Valhir!”
A memory of ancient and faded glory
Beckon from ages past, ever near
Vorrijaard calls you!
And the wild heart within,
By tooth, and with claw, will return!
When Vorrijaard needs you
To answer the call,
Rise now! Together we stand tall!
The ground trembles deeply, awaiting him
The wind howls, carrying the reek of iron,
And earth, starved for centuries, shall soon drink
The rains of war another time
Vorrijaard calls you!
And the wild heart within,
By tooth, and with claw, will return!
When Vorrijaard needs you
To answer the call,
Rise now! Together we stand tall!
Featured Singer: Einar Selvik
Music By: Austin Wintory
Lyrics By: Riot Narrative and Music Teams
Executive Producer and Supervision By: Riot Music Team
League of Legends Sign Up & Download
signup.leagueo...
![Fight and other moments with Volibear - Song of Nunu | [Spoilers]](/img/n.gif)
His theme is soo... glorious...
You are everywhere I am PERIDOT LOL :))
His theme is a MeepMorp in of itself.
VALHIR
i prefer my theme hehe
MeepMorps.
I now have a viking beard after listening to this.
Epic.
Viking Brothers
How's a viking beard different than a regular beard?
Cartoonz would grow it longer if he watched this
*Viking dance intensifies*
Imagine if only login screens were actually still a thing.
We miss that.. so much :'(
I want it back!!!
True
They steal everything I love. The old client was arguably way better too lmao and RIP TWISTED TREELINE
this is a low budget champion login screen
Pantheon's theme : feels like I got the strength of 1000 men
Volibear's theme : feels like I got the strength of 1 bear who got the strength of 1000 men
Volibear theme: feels like i am a god
How about Orn theme ?
@@agengcahyono2178feels like you got the strength of 1000 dwarves
@@stormdragon2529 ye it works too
Sett theme: Beats up both of them anyway
It really makes you feel like a bear.
True
A voliBear.
Thats like the best part
@@crissthoughts.7811 Buy a joke book and a clown-oorn
@@theneongemini it's ORNN
It reminds me about the login screens... miss those badly, added so much flavour
Yeah that was time when client was atleast solid
The music in the theme based loading screens was dope.
Arcade Ahri :(
And hit you with those fiery emotions right before you go into a game
@@BlazeLibra 100%. I still get nostalgia goosebumps when I hear Neeko's theme
I'm just realising we're probably getting another banger like this for Udyr's rework
Ikr!!!! That’s part of the reason I’m back here, ai also kinda forget udyr was frejlordian until they mentioned it and when I thought of frejlordian beast music this is obviously the first thing that came to mind, hope we get a banger theme for his rework too
That's such a good point. I really want Anivia to get her Frejlordian Hymn one day though.
Well we won’t be getting it until 2022.
OMG that would be so amazing
But we have to wait for 2022, wtf riot?
[The English lyrics are in the description, but here’s the direct pronunciation!]
Teimir, himnir, rømnur kendirheim
åskanda en helt, Valhirr
æn vinde var on melter jeðir
frón kalhirr ásþisk fjerner mjaer
Vorrijaard kalhirr, veltur vé hertnås
Se tånhåg meg króna tyrr
Van Vorrijaard, bæoft, bæs marka lån
nær isåg vír saman, vír stak
Teimir jørður rønmen tí vetirhiem
os jørnår heilt vindrings, spaldnid
jor kónger hon ærer skaldreinhorr
regnås stremnor rei evaasist.
Vorrijaard kalhirr, veltur vé hertnås
Se tånhåg meg króna tyrr
Van Vorrijaard, bæoft, bæs marka lån
nær isåg vír saman, vír stak
Edit: Many people have asked which language this is. The language itself is technically Freljordian which is a mixture of mostly Norwegian and bit of Icelandic, I believe. While some words might have a direct translation to a Scandinavian language, the dialect is purely fictional.
It is like skandinavian language
pls like this comment maybe riot will pinn it if it gets a certain likes amount
It's a Norwegian dialect
It appears to be like the Monster Hunter language, a mixture of many of our own languages in a way that sounds so fluid it seems like a real language
wgars your source? and now please dont say "my own ears!"
Riot music team: Gods
Riot design team: Gods
Riot balance team: Ugga bugga 200 neanderthal years
Needing to put 5 Champion Identities into a single one nowadays. Its sad.
U stoled the comment
200 years go brrr
Riot design team gods? This comment is no longer true scince 2019
veigo/ gwen design is like A tier.
the only design thats so bad is seraphine that riot literally did a 180 and came back to pentakill
. the rest is meh or ok.
fiddlesticks rework design is god tier tho.
"They have forgotten the old ways. The old ways have not forgotten them."
Warmbloods rose on two legs, and forgot how to run
"They call me Valhir. The Volibear. Greatstorm. My true name is mine alone!"
“In my dreams, I see bones frozen in ice. I wonder… are they my own.”
TEARING FLESH!
I AM THE STORM!!
The demon I just summoned: "What're you doing?"
Me: "Trying to sing the new theme for The Volibear"
Daddy chuthulu aprooves
@@wallycastagnir cthulhu
Just like me trying to sing ornn's theme, but i have lyrics
No voli's theme lyrics ._.
Out of no where, Thousand-pierced Volibear appears.
@@ezequielborda go to a video where its just the voli's splash art and in the comments of that video the lyrics are shown.
League of Legends' music might legitimately be the best part of the game, in a good way
Most LoL themes are the best part!
It is for me, along with the lore.
@@nobblkpraetorian5623 +1
@@nobblkpraetorian5623 most of it is really well done
And cinematics every ones in a while
*”A THOUSAND SCARS! WHAT IS ONE MORE?”*
My blade would end him.
@@aatroxtheworldender933 bruh, kindly go back to being sealed in your blade. Runeterra is already dealing with the ruined simp.
@@johnpauljonesisabadass8134 Agreed we couldnt handle a darkin, what next? Mordekaiser coming back?
@@aatroxtheworldender933 shut up 👹
@@johnpauljonesisabadass8134 Okay, i will wait for you to finish that ruined simp, or just let ME END HIM.
Love this champion. My sister met Einar a couple of times and has his name tattooed in runes on her forearm, so she went nuts when she found this song :)
O.o
When is the new video ?
Who/what is Einar?
@@gokercakr693 I believe he his the vocalist.
@@gokercakr693 He's the singer/Vocalist
Compared to other concept art, I can tell everyone in the art team had very different ideas of how they saw Volibear. It had to be really hard to choose one, cause all of them look siiiiiiiick
i very much agree
Imagine that orangutan Voli swatting you from 400 range
@@sharkbrother6596 one word : F E A R
Happens with a lot of champions. Jhin originally was meant to look like a robot for instance, in fact High Noon Jhin is actually inspired from one of Jhin's early prototypes. There were also concept arts of Lillia where she was blue and yellow and would dual-wield some sort of spear-like weapons. Sett's original drafts also included a robot-butler or an Asura-like demon, reworked Mundo had a concept where he looked like a regular skinny man with one arm turned into a writhing mass of body parts (and also the cursed Dr. Mhando but we don't talk about that monstruosity) it would be interesting to see how they would've been accordingly to different concept arts.
@@tehrik0020 I really loved the robo butlers. But my favorite got to be hand mundo
Never thought I'd see something as good as Pantheons Theme
Check out ornn
You mean its sound's godlike but not actually a god
I still prefer Pantheons theme but this is a close second.
Aphelios theme is god tier bro
The Pyke Theme is also really good
They had us in the first stream, not gonna lie
agreed
Felt baited man...
I am so happy to discover this one here today! Thank you so so much League and Riot for inviting me into your crazy talented family. It was an honor and doubly so to work with the powerhouse that is Einar Selvik!! And thanks all for the kind words on here!!
Your work sir, is just absolutely gorgeous as always. Thank you! It must have been a blast to work with Einar, he is a true talent.
Hats off to you, sir! Keep making pieces of art, just like this one
Thank you so much guys :)
Austin your passion to the music creates masterpieces for us!
@@awintory Your work on AC Syndicate is awesome as well as this one!
As a person who lives in the north of sweden i can prove that this is how we speak
😂
Actually this is mix of norwrgian and icelandic
@@medika9651 he said how they SPEAK not how they sound like
Gangplank nope, it’s just “forn nordiska”
Grand Meister this is a language, a dead one, but not a made up one
Listening to this during a storm makes it even better
why so underrated
@@Asirilin because it wasn't from the heart. It was only for the memes
I am the storm that is approaching, by vergil theme
"Volibear is near... EVERYONE SEEK SHELTER!" - Ornn
Because the volibear is coming
Voli mains: wow... This is so cool!
Meanwhile
Some Sylas main at distances: *OuR nEw UlTiMaTe*
Bruh... really? Your username
@@YuigahamaIsMyLaifu bruh... Saki was my name...
Bruh... really? You
@@yoshidasaki17703your username and profile pictuer gives me severe ptsd
It all began with 177
the animated login screens were the best thing ever, the whole community is frustrated because we DONT havE it anymore
I dont mind
Yes i hate it too
I cry do Thoses who never got to see the star guardian event
THEY REVEALED THE LYRIC TRANSLATION,YEEESSS
Now if they would make the Freljördian lyrics available so we can sing along.
@@KaminariHouse Imagine speaking it
@@grimheops7873 Actually, it was discovered that some of the Scandinavian/Nordic people can understand and say some of the words in the song, so yeah its possible to speak it.
@@youiri65 I'm norwegian, and I can understand some of it :-)
Suikey Shirasu isn’t it the same language mix as the Ornn lyrics?
Tina you for real looked here again to look at the diffrence in skill department?
Me XD
Me xDD
Me XDDD
Me xDDDD
Xd
Look how they remastered our boy 😭 “burst into joyous tears”
" *burst into joyous tears* "
would be better
First time I heard this song I was like... "uhhh wardruna? “ then I couldn't believe that the singer Einar Selvik were singing this the whole time and it's really awesome that riot can hire such talented artists. Thank you for all your work.
Add Austin Wintory as a composer as well and I am in musical heaven. His soundtracks for Journey and AC Syndicate are some of my absolute favourites.
@@ravenmadgeo the New upcoming AC game were in a Vikings setting am I right? What if the two collaborate again for the soundtracks.
@@andreitaker3527 How does it feel knowing 50 percent of your wish came true?
your wish was granted @@andreitaker3527
2:31 lamb has been working out...
Lol
Lmao that would be disturbing
BRUH😂😂
So tired of rengar's ganks :v
Tired of early game ganks
The playlist that I keep on an endless loop has just doubled in size.
may i ask the rest of your playlist?
@@hamid3397 probably pantheon's theme
@@trazyianajones456 Ornn's theme is better
Setts theme
@@xXJamaikaXx1 Ornns is really good but... pantheons is definitely better
My homework ate my dog after hearing this.
F
Russian homework? lol
Freljord is Runeterra Russia, Change my mind
@@johnbuster4268 i thought noxus was more like russia.
@@doomslayer7201 The current Noxus is the ideal country like the old Shurima (when Azir was an emperor with hundreds of Ascended soldiers at his command). Conquer to unite. It's a pure meritocracy like Chinggis Khaan's empire (Genghis Khan). If you're good you're at the top, if you're bad you're at the bottom to learn how to be good.
This and Pantheon's theme are the manliest things riot ever produced.
never forget Draven's theme
Yo did you forget about braum's theme?
@@eduardoferreira8608 Braum is an Alpha, but his theme isn't specifically manly
@@cutcutado
Yeah he's theme is more relaxing and makes me feel at home and cozy tbh. Tahm's theme legit reminds me of Breaking Bad.
@@tahmkench118 Bruh
I love that Einar Selvik did the song, it is so awesome
Well deserved after his work on Vikings and AC!
@@tehtayziez well deserved after his work, full stop!! Wardruna is the reason so many artists out there are now trying to recreate a viking-inspired sound and so many people are looking into Old Norse language and culture. (also, this song most probably pre-dates Einar's working on AC Valhalla ^^)
I love wardruna AF
I love that in each iteration of voli's concept art he just keeps getting bigger and bigger and bigger.
Riot in the good old days: let's make a champion based on humongous bear demigod
Riot nowadays: so there's this girl, and she's a pop idol
This was just a year ago wdym?
I mean, Volibear was literally a "Golden Compass" joke character at first, if Riot Zilean would have had his way we might not have gotten Volibear at all.
@@krustbruh8841 the rework was a year ago, but the champion itself was created and already in the game since 2015 (i think)
Put bear in armor
let's leave the likes at 69 please
This is definitely a theme that directly clashes against Ornn's.
The God sibling's lore from freljord is definitely my favorite next to the entire shuriman lore.
*HE'S SPEAKING THE LANGUAGE OF THE GODS*
HE IS A GOD
Feel The Power Of The Wild
@@johnpauljonesisabadass8134 Demigod*
@@targonyt7258 old god, spirit god, demi god.........
HE LITERALLY IS
My dog listned to this:
It turned into a bear
He might be the reason I finally start playing league of legends
That's how they lure you in. It's a botomless pit with no way out.
dont, i am saying for your health
Ok first sign this paper made out of the millions of tormented souls with this pen made out the bones of those who broke their fingers from playing the game, using the blood of the despaired players of league climbing solo queue
aaaand---
sell your soul to our great lord satan, Rito games
Do it if you can
But be careful
Srsly don't go to the philipines server it's freaking toxic i only got through it cause im used to it
YondaimeOtaku Well Singapore sever is even worse for me, worse than NA
Welcome to Legends of Runeterra, Valhir 🌩
Almost forgot to hear this masterpiece today.
Reminder in case you happened to forget to listen to this masterpiece today.
Love this theme
Riot Music Theme: *GODS*
Rito Balance Team: Uga booga 200 years go BRRRRRRRR
Rito Music Team is the Challenger God 👌
xDDDDD
Riot balance team: lv1 Crook
Riot Music Team: lv 100 boss
Wait thats Micheal Reeves
HUEHEUHEUEHEEEEEHEEEHEHUEUEUHEUHEUEHUEHUEHUE
That second verse coming out of the instrumental break at 2:09 hits harder than an ulting Volibear
Totally. Because I always wanted a chorus behind the ult casted. Not when casting.
c'mon riot, from this to seraphine?? srsly
Seraphine was technically forced into league for money
don't worry, we'll get a reworked Mundo
@@stankobarabata2406 the latest Singed story, I believe after Thinker (or whatever his real name is) died, Breaker which could be Mundo gained consciousness, having a bit of Thinker's intelligence while trying to speak normally but instead, having an incoherent language that's mixed up with someone else
Just shows the range the mhsic department covers perfectly
At least her theme is good, you should try to listen to it
Venho por meio deste prestar meus pêsames pelo falecimento do dublador brasileiro do volibear Leonardo José que nos deixou nessa manhã de 18/11/2021 devido a câncer no pulmão. Que Deus o tenha.
"Que a tempestade nos guie em meu despertar"
-Volibear
mentira mano, serio???
Que Deus o tenha, sempre lembro das dublagens dele, de cabeça mesmo.
Ele deu a sua voz a Valhir.
A morte de um guerreiro assim nunca é esquecida! Seu espírito sempre será lembrado como um dos melhores!!
o7
"Eu sou imortal... Mas do que serve, se só vivo no coração dos guerreiros"
Just realized that if they are really doing a mmo and we meet Volibear at some moment or we get to fight him, this theme MUST play
A giganormous raid boss that gives you his favor if defeated fairly, I like it
0:54 imagine having bear police agent rushing after you on four legs . . .
Also Einar Selvik have a really good voice
If one day there a rework of tyndamere ( i don''t think he need any since he is balanced) i want a theme like that .
He desperately needs a Visual Rework.
They seriously need to delete his R though.
he could use a rework since he’s basically just slapping you with a stick until 100 fury and it becomes a full on freight train.
He runs you down until you die or he gives up.
Auto click melee champs should get a rework tbh like Master Yi and Tryndamere.
@@TaconIStenen ok so, remove every shield and invulnerability skils in the game then ,because his R is just that, it's not worst than a morganna shield or a kayle ult.
@@conscripthornet4430 well i do'nt see anythig nwong with auoclick.
Only the pseudfo elitist who swear by "difficulties"or merit or skills in E-psort think he deserve that. there champ like Draven who auto clck and nobody come crying, or kayle who litteraly do that once she is 10/12, so accusing tryndamere of beign a a "autoclcik" meme champ, is just a joke.
Hes like the ancestral winter god of the hunt.. the embodiment of a winter blizzard itself.. a powerful natural force of nature
Anivia is the winter. You could say he represents the fury of thunder and lightning, the devastating roar of maelstrom, the storm itself.
This song reminds me of the extreme power a human is capable of reaching through all natural means if they are willing to make the right sacrifices to better their health and soul. The fire of a great warrior lies in the soul of every human being who is willing to strive forward against the suffering and malevolence of the world. The more a human being voluntarily confronts chaos, suffering, and malevolence, the mightier that human being becomes, with the potential of becoming an absolute beast filled with pride and valor who aims to achieve the highest good and to better all of mankind.
Should I say.. Vinland saga?
Fits better for Pantheon, Volibear is kinda arrogant though
@@chronoshindou9848 This description does fit extremely well with Pantheon, and his theme also reminds me of this description.
Volibear represents the shadow of the personality, and the archetypical path regarding the shadow is to incorporate it, to control it, to strengthen it, and to use it for good, hence the description. That is what this song communicates to me.
@@Jewish_Juggernaut volibear is a slave to his whims and desires and a god with a mighty ego that destroys the lives of common men. He fights out of hunger that can't be sated and out of pride and arrogance. Pantheon fights for all of humanity against the gods themselves.
@@nickname8619 I wouldn't call Volibear or any of the entities Pantehon fights against gods. Rather, powerful beings or entities.
Volibear in the lore fights out of ego, arrogance, and undisciplined anger. I would not say he fights out of pride.
As I said, Volibear represents the shadow of the personality, and when the shadow is undisciplined and unincorporated, then it would behave something like Volibear does in the lore.
The archetypical path is to discipline and incorporate the shadow.
Pantheon is a great example of someone who incorporated the shadow.
To me, this song communicates that I have such a shadow and that I should integrate it.
If this song means something else to you, that's fine.
Volibear few days left before his Official Rework Release: *I AM THE STORM THAT IS APPROACHING*
if they don't want to make the splash move, at least put THIS where was the login screens
Hello fellow Jhin main
Curious who is here after playing the mini game for the new champion?
me!
Me
Me
Me ✨️
Its just awesome that Riot got the Band Wardruna to use one of their new Songs for the Volibear Remake. The Band got popular thanks to series like "Vikings".
Me as History- and Gamingnerd, this touches my Heart on two ways. ^^
It's actually not by Wardruna. It is composed by Austin Wintory who made soundtracks for games like Journey, Abzü, the vocals are sang by Einar Selvik from Wardruna.
the man who sang it is from Wardruna but the song is original not a cover alot of the character theme music is original. its not the first time they have gotten a well known singer or group to work on their original works
Noxus: "We'll conquer the Freljord with sheer strength!!"
Volibear: ...
Noxus: *"i've made a huge mistake..."*
As Tryndamere says to Darius in LoR:
"Strength? You lot wouldn't last a winter!"
Karma would concur
@@100organicfreshmemes5 tryndamere? Hah 1 ulti = 1 kill
@@100organicfreshmemes5
Tryndamere would body Darius in the lore lol
@@tahmkench118 My point exactly
just here after the spirit of the hearth-home quest, feels nice i played this :)
legit same
I wish they made login screens just on youtube
Featured Singer: Einar Selvik
Me: my man right there
my favorite part was from 0:00 to 3:28
If you guys dig the sound of this, I *really* recommend checking out Wardruna, the band that this singer belongs to. Some really awesome Nordic music.
2:23
He is like:
*POG*
VoliPog
The music touched my heart and i starting to cry
*_The Valhir, The Great Storm, The Storm Bringer_*
Volibear is the storm that is approaching
My dog listened to this... he is now fenrir
You're comment is now part of the legend of Fenrir
The wilds, the savage ways may be forgotten....but for The Ursine and Volibear, they never forget and are ready to bring everyone back to the old ways....once more
Nobody:
Sylas: SoUnDs LiKe mY NeW UlTiMaTe
OUR Ultimate
@@gwynbleidd4344 [soviet hymn intensifies]
Oh yes, something that rivals pantheons music
What? Pantheon? You think Pantheon has the coolest theme? How old are you on this game? You should REALLY listen to all the login screen themes...
@@SilverWarrior95 ever heard of an opinion ?
Eren Jäeger some are opinions, some are facts. like how pantheon is one of the best themes and aot is dogsh-
@@kosta1123 i honestly don't remember asking you anything, white knight, so please go back to polish your armor for another time.
@@SilverWarrior95 he may be a whiteknight, but insulting opinions is what a peasant would do
Amazing work!!! Love when you share the process behind of each art work with us!!!!!!
1:00 best part
first time hearing this after little ornn game in home page . voli's theme is goated !
I love Einar his voice is so calm and powerful at the same time.
It doesn’t matter what language you speak, songs will always reach other humans.
Ragnar: I can't believe I died without conquering France.
Voli: Hold my bear.
Edit: If you're into Nordic mythology and want to know the context of the joke, I'd recommend checking out the series Vikings
hahahahha good one
that's a double pun i think
Did you notice Rengar and Voli has accent on the same eye?
what?
@@nTu4Ka And Katarina....
The fact that this song makes me feel like a bear makes me uneasy after playing Baldurs Gate 3.
These videos are wonderfully done. I love seeing all this concept art with a really nice music piece to accompany it. The Fiddle video was also wondeful.
Hopefully, I'll get the chance to play the bear soon.
Remember when you could listen to these when logging on
This theme makes me want to fight by Odin's side
TFW one of the main writers for Freljord is called Odin.
Yes, that's really his first name.
@@LORdREDSTOneNR1 does he have a pet crow?
@@maliciousqueefer3427 Two pet crows?
So happy to see the music credit in the description too!! Of COURSE this was Austin Wintory! Major kudos to him and Einar Selvik, this is an auditory masterpiece. 🖤🖤🖤
The Drums and horn bring me to battle... while the hammer brings me out... the storm signals our warrior god... and the heat of fire signals are builder of stone... (said by a frejlord man from battle in a rival clan.)
Pantheon: I am the son of God of war
Volibear: And I am the master of Thor.
Sett: And I am The Boss.
Aatrox: And I am the god killer!
Sylas: And I.. am gonna need your ults, give 'em here...
@@jonsku6662 and garen god king: dont idolatrate false gods
Sol: *Adorable...*
Pantheon is literally just a mortal, no title or anything significant, a mortal that managed to carry the aspect of war itself.
@@waterdoggo4998 But he still has the powers of aspect of War's power. Am I right?
please make a login screen theme with this music
This is a login theme
@@martincokov1284 login themes are gone now
Well yes but this is still his theme
Would actually stay in Login screen - oh wait.. :(
"It chills, literal chills" - "Jake Peralta"
NINE NINE
@@snowshade9228 NINE NINE!
Thats the one, that's the bear that killed my adc
if I could inject this song into my veins, I would...
"The Relentless Storm, An opt name for a song sung in the name of Volibear"
Im super happy that they keep making themes for each new champ or rework :D I dont mind about loginscreens like most of people commenting here. I think that see actual development throught concepts art is far more interesting than a loop animation
2:44 Chadast Anime charahter ever
One of the most powerful, mystical and intense songs of all time.
Listening to this on a thunderstorm is really immersing
Look to the north. The Storm calls, and the Fraestrom answers.
League of Legends gameplay vs League Music and Lore:
Bring back Animated login screen
Pls
Honestly my favorite champion theme that gives me chills everytime.
now this is real music.
If yall dont know the guy who sings this Song, its Einar Selvik, who did the soundtrack for Assassins creed Valhalla as well as several tracks for the last kingdom
I came here again after hearing the new rendition in the Nunu game.
Oh no, I'm low on Hp, but hah!! I'm under my turret! There's no way Volibear can ge-
*0/1/0*
Hears volis R and turret is disabled
VOLIBEAR : SO MUST IT BE.....
2:38 intensifies
HAHAHAHHAHAHAHHAHAHA
It captures the exaggerated swagger of a demi god polar bear
I love how Einar Selvik sings, even though I'm not from nordic places, nordic music has always resonated within me.
Great song and great rework
Einar you mad lad. Such an awesome song
I hope he returns for Udyr Theme Song next
The 447 dislikes are from Ornn's followers.
This song hits different when walking to work in 30 degrees F (-1 C)