8. HTTP Request and Response in API || Understanding HTTP Request || Understanding HTTP Response

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==========================
HTTP -- HyperText Transfer Protocol
The communication happens using Request and Response
Request in REST:
===============
To make a valid Request, the client needs to include 4 things:
1. URL (Uniform Resource Locator)
2. Method
3. List of Headers
4. Body
URL:
===
URLs became an easy way for the client to tell the server which things it wants
to interact, called resources.
Method:
=======
The method request tells the server what kind of action the client wants the server
to take. The 4 most commonly used or seen in APIs are:
1. GET -- Asks the server to retrieve a resource
2. POST -- Asks the server to create a new resource
3. PUT -- Asks the server to edit/update an existing resource
4. DELETE -- Asks the server to delete a resource
Headers:
=======
Headers provide meta-information about a request.
Body:
====
The request body contains the data the clients wants to send the server.
Ex: URL -- website.com
Method -- POST
Headers -- user-agent
Body -- data
Response in REST:
================
The server response with a status code.
Status codes are 3 digit numbers
Ex: Status Code -- 200(OK)
Headers -- content-type:text
Body -- data
Data Formats:
============
A well-designed format is dictated by what makes the information the easiest for
the intended audience to understand.
The most common formats found APIs are
1. JSON
2. XML
JSON -- It is very simple format that has two pieces -- ‘Key’ and ‘Value’
Ex: {“name”:”api”}
XML -- It provides few building blocks.
The main block is called node.
XML always starts with root node, inside that will have child nodes.
How Data Formats are used in HTTP:
==================================
Using Headers we can inform the server what information we are sending to it and
what we are expecting in return.
Content:type : When the clients send the content-type its saying what format the
data is.
Accept: The Accept header tells the server what data-format it is able to accept.
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