you can measure the speed with an audio recording. Shoot through 2 paper targets that are a known distance apart. Have the microphone be an equal distance from both impact points (or do a bunch of extra speed of sound calculations). Then use a program like audacity to find the time between the 2 impact sounds. Use distance/time to calculate the speed.
@@justfasial01 Yes. They do >40000 samples/second. That is plenty for measuring projectiles slower than speed of sound. As a teen, I used to measure softair velocities that way.
For safety. As you mentioned already the projectile could fire in the opposite direction. Adding a metal plate behind the loading chamber would make it more comfortable to use without fear of getting hit. Also, try putting the voltage display on the top rather that the side. Really good work you've done here.
Personally I'd probably layer rubber, metal, then a shoulder piece of rubber for added comfort of it does backfire. Initial rubber absorbs the shock of the round, the metal stops it, then you have the shoulder piece to absorb the rest of the shock. I don't have loads of experience with electronics but all that force knocking this back makes me think a bad solder connection or something could become dislodged
You're right that its possibly that happens but it should only have the power from the first stage, doubtful that has any kind of penetration power for most materials better than paper. Even cardboard could stop it. Something would have to go really wrong in the circuit for it to travel to the other end and then full recharge to fire in opposite order.
FYI: Stages should use fewer & fewer turns. You want to dump the max amount of energy faster & faster for each coil. Also the coil solenoid should decrease in length since there is less time for projectile to to be accelerated by the coil (since its moving faster). One the projectile reaches about 1/2 of the distance inside of the coil the coil starts deaccelerating the projectile.
Yep. Also the earlier coils should probably use lower capacity capacitors, and last stages higher... But, meh, coilguns are useless and will probably forever will be regardless so what's a difference of extra 10-20 m/s, which is the most you'll get from any and all tinkering?
@@mkzheroUseless? I have to say, you lack any imagination or Ingenuity. You could create many useful things using electromagnetism in this way. As for the purpose and use of a coil gun in the way he is , you could most certainly create one that would generate enough power to be lethal, or as a hunting weapon, or even self defense. You could even mold it into a pretty cool looking weapon. For example, you could make slots or holes where the red led's are that would light up on the side of the gun when shot. Then make a battery pack and a magazine that could be easily fed into the gun, just like a regular gun. It wouldn't be hard to do. You could even make a trigger that's integrated into the power supply/button. You could make one into a reliable, highly functioning, durable, powerful & even futuristic looking, badass weapon lol. I can picture it in my mind right now. Now you said coil gun, not his coil gun, based on his design. One made a little differently but still could technically be called a coil gun. Larger barrel, multiple barrels, creative "bullets", shells, or projectiles, power adjuster switch, made into a nail gun, the list goes on...sorry, that was a lot there.
@@alabamasteve8748 Well yeah, got a bit hyperbolic, there's many useful things with electromagnetism and coils, not this though. Can create a create a coilgun that'll be lethal? Not really, just barely at best. Certainly not suitable for self defense or hunting, and that's just the theory, in practice they're far too impractical, costly and dangerous too (get it wet and it'll die or even explode or zap you, heavy, too expensive, SUPER underpowered). What are you even basing this nonesense on? This current one is basically the cap of the current tech, and even significant advancements wouldn't make it much stronger, given that to reach even the most underpowered air gun velocities it'll need capacitors with AT LEAST about 4 times the power/capacity (which are FAR from anywhere close to being developed), and WORSE - better relays and switches! Probably way more length too! So yeah, not happening any time soon, and AGAIN, even when it is, it'll be FAR too costly to compete with air rifles, not to mention gunpowder!
@@mkzhero I agree, it's definitely not, I was merely saying that It could be if you needed it to be. For example in a situation where you needed to build a rifle/weapon and didn't have access to a combustion style rifle. I may have also been misleading when saying that you could make one using electromagnetism that could be lethal enough for say hunting. I meant, through electromagnetic technology, not specifically by the design bring used in the video, through multiple coils. But more in terms of a mini rail gun, in a sense. I'm also speaking in terms of a professional build as well. If you have the right knowledge, the right material & the intellect, you can create & invent amazing things. Also, just because something has never been done, by no means does it mean that it can't be done.
Man really just said "there is a chance it'll fire backwards because its going so fast" and then proceeded to completely ignore that potentially fatal design flaw for the sake of getting us a sweet video. Kudos.
Add speed detection to the coil gun. Use the photodiodes across the stages as interrupts to calculate speed using a microcontroller. Improve the outer casing.
Another way of measuring speed is programming an Arduino to detect when each stage sensor is activated, and by knowing the lenght of the coil gun, you can calculate the velocity. Also with that way you can make a graph of the speed that increases gradually after passing through each coil.
Use your 2 channel scope on the last 2 LED sensors, the time between their firing shows you the projectile speed during the last 45mm of the tube. You can easily calc feet per second from that. Also, cut air slots in the tube between the last 5 coils, you will get a big increase in speed when it doesnt have to push all the air out of the tube in front of the projectile. You make good coil launcher videos 👍🙂
interesting point about the air - I wonder if a small ducted blower blowing across the face of the tube might (venturi effect) cause a small vacuum in the tube and help with that.
Just a heads up - I have that same chronograph and just like you it was driving me up the walls .. until I realised I was shooting in the wrong direction. If you shoot through it via the other direction it should work. Fantastic build here by the way, love it!
Would be a good idea to measure speed after every coil and measure how much electric energy was successfully converted into mechanical. For optimising. Also, wind your own coils with bigger and bigger copper wires to discharge the capacitors faster. Also is it possible to make a coil with essentially halbach effect to focus the magnetic field to the inside of the coil?
Suggested improvement: Could you use the back emf from the prior coil to feed the next coil? This seems like it would eliminate the risk of the earlier stage magnet reversing the direction of the ball. I am not sure whether that is a feasible idea. But it seems there would be a very noticeable change in current/voltage of the coil as the metal bead enters and exits. And frankly... an optical sensor seems unnecessary if you can react to changes in load on each coil. I can imagine how a circuit like this must work - but I don't have the chops to design it.
Yes, you could (and should imo) reverse the current direction of the coil, as soon as the projectile hits the center. This way most of the remaining energy of the coil gets fed back into the system. It would require current sensing and H bridges on each of the stages though. And that would be an order of magnitude more complex than what he has right now.
@amos9274 My thoughts... Order of magnitude? Perhaps 10% more. Seems like it would require an extra MOSFET and diode (and the removal of an optical sensor). Perhaps a 10% increase in the component count per stage. Here is why I don't think reversing current will help. Coils take time to charge and discharge - reversing the current inside a coil will also take time - and during that time you will be pushing power against near-infinite resistance. All you would get for your effort is heat. But if you disconnect coil 1 from power at the same time you connect coil 2 to power and capture back EMF from coil 1 through a diode into capacitor 2. I think the position of the coils would need to be tuned based on segment firing times - if you put the later coils too close together they will not fully charge before the projectile moves through them. Their minimal distance would cause linear acceleration- implying they should be spaced to inverse square... I think I like designing things more than I like building them :)
@@JohnBoen Yes, what you need to do in the end is lower the current, as the projectile is going through. The more/the faster, the better. If you hooked the coil up in reverse to a common capacitor bank, it would not only return most of the energy, it would also discharge the fastest (U= I'*L). To implement that though you'd need some additional circuitry. If you want to trigger based off the induced voltage of a projectile, you'd face the issue of it being proportional to the speed (which means it wont work from a standstill) but also, even more measurement circuitry. Like you proposed, it would also work to dump the energy into just the next single capacitor with an extra diode. First of all, you'd have to replace the thyristor with something more sophisticated for that to work, second of all that would just overcharge that next capacitor (and if not, why not apply a higher voltage in the first place). So, you'd have to start activating the next coil while the other coil is still active, to dump the energy somewhere afterwards. To do that, you'd need to coordinate between the two coils which would in turn require even more circuitry.
@amos9274 Thanks for the talk - I think triggering based on the current direction change is such a fundamentally better design that it is worth a little more effort. am a bit rusty. I haven't built any electronics in about 15 years. So I am not getting my point across. I also may think some things areI possible when they really are not. I think an optical trigger that cannot be adjusted is bad design (it triggers off a side effect) - this trigger would be nearly optimal in timing. The design referenced here leaves prior coils on, which means your ball is often moving between two magnets that are both on. This is just a bad design... Turning off the prior coil is an important part of this... . I think this would work -tell me what you think: Assuming a projectile is moving toward or away from the coil.,the induced current will be in opposite directions. As it passes through the center, the current flow moves.from highly positive.to highly negative. I think this would be trivially easy to detect with an OpAmp. This is a comparator operation that you could perform with a commercially4 available OpAmp IC. These operate at 200+ khz, which should be well past any realistic circuit needs. A 100 m/s 10 cm ball would not need 20 khz. Use the comparators to drive MOSFETs. I did a little hand waving on the OpAmp logic, but this is literally what they are designed to do - so I figure there are dozens of digital and analog solutions to this problem. And since Udio frequencies are sufficient we probably have a whole bunch of low-cost and high-power audio chips available. Blah blah blah...
I'm sure it is not very necessary, if the most of energy use in accelerating the bullet, the remaining can be not considered. and the back emf can cause the bullet travel back or slow it down. may be we just find the way to kill it fast instead. (make the bullet absorb most of the energy?)
Instead of smaller coils if you don't have a way to make them or buy them, increase the spacing between the coils and trigger LEDs to correspond to the additional speed that each coil adds to the projectile.
You could make an Open Source version of Tom Stanton’s Coilgun Plane Launcher! A similar modification would be making the coilgun fire small metal disks (potentially even the “knock out” circles from metal electrical outlet boxes (so essentially using trash), or perhaps washers of cut sheet metal, coins potentially (depends on metal, although “coin blanks” are another option) could work too. (Also it would be a whole other project, but a CNC Coil Winder may be a good thing to make to allow for custom shapes/sizes)
First of all, great work, but the first design was better for me because you are in control of the number of stages. But personally, I think it would be better to use fewer turns, a larger wire diameter, and a capacitor with a capacity of 1000uf It will give you enough power. Personally, I worked on a similar project consisting of only four stages, but slightly larger capacitors. Frankly, the power is enormous and terrifying.
Aside from making the coils lower impedance as you get forward down the barrel you could put two sensors instead of one between each coil so that a microcontroller can estimate the speed of the projectile after every stage to time the commutation and calculate the coil current more precisely. Ideally you'd also put a sensor slightly before the middle of the inside of the coil so you can turn it off such that the current is zero while the bullet is passing the middle
I’m curious about adding more voltage to increase the power/speed of the projectile. More information regarding the projectile would be nice as well. Would be great to use a projectile that is about 7.6mm round and 4oz so that one could compare to other projectiles.
i am glad to see the evolution of this project, it only needs a magazine and maybe a solenoid to load the rod from the mag, nothing that a bit of arduino code can not solve
Inspired by this video, I tried to make my own coil gun and initially it worked but then my sketchy HV generator blew up. After remaking it I accidentally used wire that was too thin and upon pulling the trigger it blew up again. I was hoping the full 320VDC was discharged from the 2200μF capacitor but there was still 60VDC left. This was just a single stage coil gun lol
i have the caps from old pcb's , now i have to start collecting coils !! i would probably go for the previous designee since i like the modularity ,(im salvaging components only ) and for soldering i will use the good old trick of heating the pcb on normal clothes iron to soak as much heat as i can into the pcb and then blast it with the soldering iron on full ( ofcorse you make the pcb connections first before any component )
YO u need to make the infrared sensors work together with arduino to sence the projectile speed so it can automaticaly edjust the timings for much better efficiency
your idea is really cool, but for a noob like me, do you know any links to explain that, or with concrete examples with downloads of gerbers etc.. it already looks so complicated without your idea LOL thx for your comment.
You should measure the attack and the decay rate from the magnetic fields and phase the timing not equally but slightly out of phase to prevent it shooting backwards.
I am already heating up my soldering iron. I made the first version you designed. I used coils from old tattoo guns. They where cheap and worked way better than the ones I tried to wind by hand. It was a lot of fun and now I have a project for the extra parts. Thanks again for another outstanding video.
I can’t wait to learn electronics, there’s so much to learn so I will be busy for awhile and it’s about time with all the projects I love to build so much
Not really, rifling works with powder weapons because the lead making the projectile is kinda soft, and the insane acceleration makes the bullet expand into the rifling and spin. However lead isn't ferromagnetic and thus can't be used as a projectile. Ferromagnetic projectiles are too hard to fit in a rifling. That's actually one reason armies aren't that seriously working on magnetic rifles
You could use Ferris metal dipped in lead, then use a CNC machine to make the projectiles the correct diameter then add rifling then you would lose the tumble
Damn that's very cool. I'm sure you've seen those T12 style soldering stations, there are kits available you can buy for very cheap and use it with any 12-24v PSU. You can even use the original Hakko tips. The T12 style tips make soldering much easier because the heating element is very close to the tip unlike the older style soldering irons.
All coils are in placed on same distance, after starting 4 coil, you should increase the distance between next to next coils, it will more accelerate the speed of bullet
Put another detector at the exit of the coil that triggers an SCR that shorts the coil. But first I would measure the timing with an arduino or something similar. Then you know if this is necessary and what you could gain. Also check the distance from the first detector to the coil. This could be optimised. I would also make the coils shorter and fatter and use a higher voltage. The caps can take 450V, so charge them to 400V.
is it possible to capture some of the collapsing field after the projectile has been past and partially charge to caps to make it quicker in between shots? Right now it is just "burned" off on the flyback diode, but there must be some decent ringing on the LC without it.
If you have an oscilloscope or logic analyzer, you can connect at least three channels to the optical sensor output of successive stages. Then, you can use the time difference between different optical pulses to calculate the speed of the projectile. With additional connections, you can also measure the acceleration between stages as well. Finally, you could calculate the efficiency of the device by computing (1/2)mv^2 / (1/2)ce^2 as you make adjustments -- here m is mass, v is velocity and c is capacitance, e is the starting voltage (electromotive force) across the capacitors. The Arduino approach, although less precise due to the much lower sampling rates, would also be nice if you built it into the next revision of your device so as to provide instant feedback of the velocity of the projectile after firing.
Have you thought about optimizing the current setup? Faster/smaller coils, ways to lower the resistance etc. Also have you made any research in how to lower the friction or increase the magnetic field strength by using other barrel and projectile material?
Andrei, this is a very interesting project. I very much enjoyed watching the video. I wonder just how many sheets of that plywood it can punch through back to back or what thickness of single sheet is the thickest it can punch through. I'll also be interested in the speed once you get your tester up and running. Thanks for sharing this!
Altium tip : If you have repeated schematics(like stages in this video) You only have to route one of them and copy routing format to all other stages Makes life easier
You could mount the capacitors diagonally, so they point downwards to the left. This way, there would be space to install another row (which would then point downwards to the right). Technically, you could even mirror this setup and build it on top as well. Then you'd have 40 capacitors. Each shot would take 20 minutes to charge, but at least you'd have the maximum volts available that can be mobilized on this form factor. Whether this makes sense in the end, or if a huge arc of light comes out alongside the projectile at the front, I can't say for sure :D
Could you send link of wiring process for switch, transformer, and buttons. Having problems with figuring out setup. Also huge thanks for releasing all of this bud.
If you can get your hands on a slowmo camera it would be neat to see if you can optimize the coil activation sequencing so they all accelerate the coil optimally.
I wonder if you amend your housing print to include sectioning between coils and using magnetic shielding tape/ foil to minimise field bleed over to the next coil. I'm no electronics expert but what about triggering a capacitor as the projectile passes the sensor this secondary capacitor in opposite polarity to neutralise the charge in the coil... may need something like a shotky diode to handle collapsing spike currents? Have you tried hematite or neodunium projectiles?
Hi! Can we have an update? besides what was mention before like: spacing the coil and the IR diodes, making the coils in the final stages thinner (fewer turns but you can use bigger wire), and something that I´ve seen on youtube, and many people made measurements to see if it shows improvement, using iron strips outside to concentrate the magnetic field inside the coil
Protip for the heat soak... hot air gun. Preheat station is ok too but I find the guns more versatile. Just warm the area around the joint to "good and uncomfortable" and the solder will flow much better with less juice from the iron.
add a spring feed magazine and a servo+slider to do the auto-reload when charged, ok it wont get fast speeds but still it would be 'cool', do people still say cool? i'm 57 and out of touch lol. can some electronic lockout be added between stages to stop the backfiring? maybe the lack of charge in a fired stage's capacitor could be the ground needed for the IR detector of the next stage, if the cap isnt discharged then the IR detection cant ground out? or something like that....
Add a couple of sensors before and after each coil, you can use this to figure out the velocity before and after the projectile enters the stage. You could also use some digital electronics to adjust the timing of the sensors before and after each coil, it would make tuning the coilgun as easy as adjusting some values in your arduino sketch.
Hi. What are the blue diodes for? Why there are two emitters (white diodes) - big one which is against the black infrared receiver and a small one next to it?
Why do you need the light sensor at all? If the metal projectile moves through the coil doesn't it generate its own current that could be used to trigger each subsequent coil? Instead of the light sensor you could even use a smaller pre-stage coil to act as the trigger. You would loose some of the speed control but be less reliant on the clock speed of the light sensors or micro controller. Maybe?
Hi friend, great project. Technical question... do you have any information on how many FPS or meters per second you have achieved with the projectile? Another question... have you tried using metal spheres, did it work better/worse than the projectile? Greetings.
Thank you very much for your video, it helped me a lot! I am trying to design my own coil gun and was wondering what voltage booster you used to get from the batteries to 400V. All of the component aliexpress links seem to be down, but if you have a model number or something that would be very helpful :D
Awesome work! Its interesting to see how it will behave with different projectile forms (sphere, bullet like form with sharp tip). Is it possible to make a little turning effect to enhance accuracy? It would be great to see shooting tests on open air, what is accuracy of bullet on ~50-100m distance? How is it powerful on different material targets?
You could, if you wanted to, using a different design, turn it into a what you're describing as a sturdy, powerful, & accurate electromagnetic gun/weapon, in the form of a "traditional semi-automatic rifle". Yes? lol. Of course you could... all you need is a little mind power & ingenuity.
People would think you had some sort of futuristic weapon lol. Especially if you have the funds and creativity, you could make it look pretty badass. Even make multiple battery packs and "bullet/shell/projectile" magazines that could be integrated into the "gun/rifle" the same way traditional semi-auto rifles do. Where you could remove them and slap in a new one that's ready to go...but you'd definitely want to check the laws around that first for sure lol...anyways
I just keep thinking what if somehow you also added a coil around the projectile and powered it during travel according to the static coils magnetic field. Would it double the forces on the projectile?
another question for you. i am doing your project and everything makes sense except for the volt generator. the link you have on your website is a bit different then the one in your video. would you be able to explain where the imput/output would be on the one that is on your website?
Check here: ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sef89e3bafc0b4aae8597e65c02f84f802/Inversor-Boost-Step-up-Board-de-500W-1000W-DC-12V-a-AC-220V-380V-420V-transformador.jpg_.webp Just connect the 380V to your couldun high voltage input...
Do you have the polarity the same in each stage or are they alternating? I've always wondered if it would improve the performance with a long enough projectile that it slightly bridges 2 coils, so it has a push pull effect during the reverse current that happens as the field collapses? Im not sure if it would improve or hurt performance lol
I am currently testing it with a laboratory power supply after my 400V module went up in smoke. After activating the button, there is a permanent short circuit in the 12V circuit. Is it possible that the thyristor does not close after switching through?
adding a resistor to discharge the capacitor after turning off the gun could be great security too; never know if the capacitors are not fully discharged after the shot
You can make worl pattern with the help of 3D printing of that transparent tube and same goes for projectile so when you use it for long distance it will experience minimum air drag
You have ordered a similar meter as me. I had some problems with it measuring in the same orientation as you had, then I shot projectiles in the other direction and it seemed to measure fine. Maybe you should try it as well
You could add a magazine and auto loader. this could help with the fear of reversing the projectile and you could hide the batteries inside of each magazine.
See how the VW VR6 engine manages to put 6 cilinders on a small space. Do the same thing with the capacitors, alternarting them, and keeping them as close as possible. Try to minimize the distance between each coil, so you minimize any friction loses between them. Also, IMHO, dont use detectors, create a time-table on when should each coil fire, and tune them until you reach the maximum projectile speed.
I also have another question: Why not use IGBT and make a pulse of 3 milliseconds, for example, and this will provide additional storage for the capacitor. Is the problem the inductive armature of the coil?
Try to figure out a way to hold a projectile without it sliding itself into the barrel which will effect in shooting prematurely - it's even more dangerous than those 450V. With current design you cannot hold a coilgun vertically (to not aim to anything around you) withouth this issue. I couldn't figure out anything, maybe you can.
Not sure if this is a big concern, but does the coil heat up that it might melt the plastic? It is a brief moment, but due to high power and with frequent use, it might heat up a bit
You should make a magazine and a mechanical system so you don't have to reload it like a flint lock pistol. I would recommend you to aid the system with an Arduino or another MCU so you can get feedback of what's happening, like displaying the amount of ammunition you have left in your magazine for example.
Maybe even something of a clip like the Crossman does for some of their air rifles. It would also be somewhat beneficial to possibly slightly magnetize the bolt to hold the projectile at its most efficient starting point or design a tight fitting single or multi shot clip.
Great work. Love this design. Only thing missing are STEP files for the housing design, this would make customisation much easier as STEP is supported by most cad packages. Could we get the step files along with the STL files?
im not scientist or anything but would turning all coils on and turning them off as the bolt passes the threshold not ad to the force on the bolt as it travels more effectivly ?
i wonder how difficult it would be to implement an energy recovery system to try to partially charge the capacitors with the collapsing magnetic field from the coils
Dude, that's some awesome sxxxt you've been doin' here ;) I have to say iI loved the modularity of the first version, despite the inconvenience of having to solder. But I reckon it's way more efficient this way. Thx for sharing, you have one more subscriber which may not account to much... but it's yet a sign you prolly did a good job :D
Hey ! I was wondering: what is the resistance of each coil? And so, what is the maximum current passing through the coil when a capacitor is fully charged. Is it possible to use Mosfet instead of thyristors? Great video, btw!
A lot of MOSFETs are not able to handle the amount of current when firing so Thyristors are used as they can do the job well. It's also cheaper to buy thyristors instead of MOSFETs suited for the application. The current flowing through each coil is calculated with this formula: V÷R
Awsoooome! If you make an electronic kit i will probably buy it!! And if you need help to make the version3 i will be glad to help on the 3d model of the case.
Might not want to put the full 450V on those caps. Even 420V would be significantly better for their longevity. I love v2! Heck, v1 was awesome but this version rocks!
you can measure the speed with an audio recording. Shoot through 2 paper targets that are a known distance apart. Have the microphone be an equal distance from both impact points (or do a bunch of extra speed of sound calculations). Then use a program like audacity to find the time between the 2 impact sounds. Use distance/time to calculate the speed.
Nice idea !
are microphones fast enough for that?
@@justfasial01 Yes. They do >40000 samples/second. That is plenty for measuring projectiles slower than speed of sound. As a teen, I used to measure softair velocities that way.
very interesting @@HL65536
Why not just put a scope on the last light detector? You know the length of the projectile, so just measure the length of the pulse?
OOOH! This is some powerful coil gun! You need a slowmo camera to see things happening!
Uh that would be nice. Unfortunately those are very expensive. But it would be nice to see how the acceleration changes from coil to coil.
The Boom himself 💥
Yo Slomo Guys....where you at lads?!
@@ELECTRONOOBS there are companies that let you rent them, so it might be worth looking around.
i know
For safety. As you mentioned already the projectile could fire in the opposite direction. Adding a metal plate behind the loading chamber would make it more comfortable to use without fear of getting hit. Also, try putting the voltage display on the top rather that the side. Really good work you've done here.
Personally I'd probably layer rubber, metal, then a shoulder piece of rubber for added comfort of it does backfire. Initial rubber absorbs the shock of the round, the metal stops it, then you have the shoulder piece to absorb the rest of the shock. I don't have loads of experience with electronics but all that force knocking this back makes me think a bad solder connection or something could become dislodged
yep got the same idea
You're right that its possibly that happens but it should only have the power from the first stage, doubtful that has any kind of penetration power for most materials better than paper. Even cardboard could stop it. Something would have to go really wrong in the circuit for it to travel to the other end and then full recharge to fire in opposite order.
FYI: Stages should use fewer & fewer turns. You want to dump the max amount of energy faster & faster for each coil. Also the coil solenoid should decrease in length since there is less time for projectile to to be accelerated by the coil (since its moving faster). One the projectile reaches about 1/2 of the distance inside of the coil the coil starts deaccelerating the projectile.
right, to optimize for efficiency, precise calculations would be necessary, coils, capacitors and projectile should all be balanced.
Yep. Also the earlier coils should probably use lower capacity capacitors, and last stages higher... But, meh, coilguns are useless and will probably forever will be regardless so what's a difference of extra 10-20 m/s, which is the most you'll get from any and all tinkering?
@@mkzheroUseless? I have to say, you lack any imagination or Ingenuity. You could create many useful things using electromagnetism in this way. As for the purpose and use of a coil gun in the way he is , you could most certainly create one that would generate enough power to be lethal, or as a hunting weapon, or even self defense. You could even mold it into a pretty cool looking weapon. For example, you could make slots or holes where the red led's are that would light up on the side of the gun when shot. Then make a battery pack and a magazine that could be easily fed into the gun, just like a regular gun. It wouldn't be hard to do. You could even make a trigger that's integrated into the power supply/button. You could make one into a reliable, highly functioning, durable, powerful & even futuristic looking, badass weapon lol. I can picture it in my mind right now. Now you said coil gun, not his coil gun, based on his design. One made a little differently but still could technically be called a coil gun. Larger barrel, multiple barrels, creative "bullets", shells, or projectiles, power adjuster switch, made into a nail gun, the list goes on...sorry, that was a lot there.
@@alabamasteve8748 Well yeah, got a bit hyperbolic, there's many useful things with electromagnetism and coils, not this though.
Can create a create a coilgun that'll be lethal? Not really, just barely at best. Certainly not suitable for self defense or hunting, and that's just the theory, in practice they're far too impractical, costly and dangerous too (get it wet and it'll die or even explode or zap you, heavy, too expensive, SUPER underpowered).
What are you even basing this nonesense on? This current one is basically the cap of the current tech, and even significant advancements wouldn't make it much stronger, given that to reach even the most underpowered air gun velocities it'll need capacitors with AT LEAST about 4 times the power/capacity (which are FAR from anywhere close to being developed), and WORSE - better relays and switches! Probably way more length too!
So yeah, not happening any time soon, and AGAIN, even when it is, it'll be FAR too costly to compete with air rifles, not to mention gunpowder!
@@mkzhero I agree, it's definitely not, I was merely saying that It could be if you needed it to be. For example in a situation where you needed to build a rifle/weapon and didn't have access to a combustion style rifle. I may have also been misleading when saying that you could make one using electromagnetism that could be lethal enough for say hunting. I meant, through electromagnetic technology, not specifically by the design bring used in the video, through multiple coils. But more in terms of a mini rail gun, in a sense. I'm also speaking in terms of a professional build as well. If you have the right knowledge, the right material & the intellect, you can create & invent amazing things. Also, just because something has never been done, by no means does it mean that it can't be done.
Man really just said "there is a chance it'll fire backwards because its going so fast" and then proceeded to completely ignore that potentially fatal design flaw for the sake of getting us a sweet video.
Kudos.
Add speed detection to the coil gun. Use the photodiodes across the stages as interrupts to calculate speed using a microcontroller. Improve the outer casing.
Another way of measuring speed is programming an Arduino to detect when each stage sensor is activated, and by knowing the lenght of the coil gun, you can calculate the velocity. Also with that way you can make a graph of the speed that increases gradually after passing through each coil.
Use your 2 channel scope on the last 2 LED sensors, the time between their firing shows you the projectile speed during the last 45mm of the tube. You can easily calc feet per second from that.
Also, cut air slots in the tube between the last 5 coils, you will get a big increase in speed when it doesnt have to push all the air out of the tube in front of the projectile.
You make good coil launcher videos 👍🙂
interesting point about the air - I wonder if a small ducted blower blowing across the face of the tube might (venturi effect) cause a small vacuum in the tube and help with that.
Just a heads up - I have that same chronograph and just like you it was driving me up the walls .. until I realised I was shooting in the wrong direction. If you shoot through it via the other direction it should work. Fantastic build here by the way, love it!
Would be a good idea to measure speed after every coil and measure how much electric energy was successfully converted into mechanical. For optimising. Also, wind your own coils with bigger and bigger copper wires to discharge the capacitors faster. Also is it possible to make a coil with essentially halbach effect to focus the magnetic field to the inside of the coil?
For your own safety, you should add a metal backstop between the rear end of the barrel and yourself in the fully assembled unit/case.
Came to say the same thing.
Suggested improvement:
Could you use the back emf from the prior coil to feed the next coil?
This seems like it would eliminate the risk of the earlier stage magnet reversing the direction of the ball.
I am not sure whether that is a feasible idea. But it seems there would be a very noticeable change in current/voltage of the coil as the metal bead enters and exits.
And frankly... an optical sensor seems unnecessary if you can react to changes in load on each coil.
I can imagine how a circuit like this must work - but I don't have the chops to design it.
Yes, you could (and should imo) reverse the current direction of the coil, as soon as the projectile hits the center. This way most of the remaining energy of the coil gets fed back into the system. It would require current sensing and H bridges on each of the stages though. And that would be an order of magnitude more complex than what he has right now.
@amos9274
My thoughts...
Order of magnitude? Perhaps 10% more. Seems like it would require an extra MOSFET and diode (and the removal of an optical sensor). Perhaps a 10% increase in the component count per stage.
Here is why I don't think reversing current will help.
Coils take time to charge and discharge - reversing the current inside a coil will also take time - and during that time you will be pushing power against near-infinite resistance. All you would get for your effort is heat.
But if you disconnect coil 1 from power at the same time you connect coil 2 to power and capture back EMF from coil 1 through a diode into capacitor 2.
I think the position of the coils would need to be tuned based on segment firing times - if you put the later coils too close together they will not fully charge before the projectile moves through them. Their minimal distance would cause linear acceleration- implying they should be spaced to inverse square...
I think I like designing things more than I like building them :)
@@JohnBoen Yes, what you need to do in the end is lower the current, as the projectile is going through. The more/the faster, the better. If you hooked the coil up in reverse to a common capacitor bank, it would not only return most of the energy, it would also discharge the fastest (U= I'*L). To implement that though you'd need some additional circuitry.
If you want to trigger based off the induced voltage of a projectile, you'd face the issue of it being proportional to the speed (which means it wont work from a standstill) but also, even more measurement circuitry.
Like you proposed, it would also work to dump the energy into just the next single capacitor with an extra diode. First of all, you'd have to replace the thyristor with something more sophisticated for that to work, second of all that would just overcharge that next capacitor (and if not, why not apply a higher voltage in the first place).
So, you'd have to start activating the next coil while the other coil is still active, to dump the energy somewhere afterwards. To do that, you'd need to coordinate between the two coils which would in turn require even more circuitry.
@amos9274
Thanks for the talk - I think triggering based on the current direction change is such a fundamentally better design that it is worth a little more effort.
am a bit rusty. I haven't built any electronics in about 15 years. So I am not getting my point across. I also may think some things areI possible when they really are not.
I think an optical trigger that cannot be adjusted is bad design (it triggers off a side effect) - this trigger would be nearly optimal in timing.
The design referenced here leaves prior coils on, which means your ball is often moving between two magnets that are both on. This is just a bad design...
Turning off the prior coil is an important part of this...
.
I think this would work -tell me what you think:
Assuming a projectile is moving toward or away from the coil.,the induced current will be in opposite directions.
As it passes through the center, the current flow moves.from highly positive.to highly negative. I think this would be trivially easy to detect with an OpAmp.
This is a comparator operation that you could perform with a commercially4 available OpAmp IC. These operate at 200+ khz, which should be well past any realistic circuit needs. A 100 m/s 10 cm ball would not need 20 khz.
Use the comparators to drive MOSFETs.
I did a little hand waving on the OpAmp logic, but this is literally what they are designed to do - so I figure there are dozens of digital and analog solutions to this problem. And since Udio frequencies are sufficient we probably have a whole bunch of low-cost and high-power audio chips available.
Blah blah blah...
I'm sure it is not very necessary, if the most of energy use in accelerating the bullet, the remaining can be not considered.
and the back emf can cause the bullet travel back or slow it down.
may be we just find the way to kill it fast instead. (make the bullet absorb most of the energy?)
Instead of smaller coils if you don't have a way to make them or buy them, increase the spacing between the coils and trigger LEDs to correspond to the additional speed that each coil adds to the projectile.
You could make an Open Source version of Tom Stanton’s Coilgun Plane Launcher!
A similar modification would be making the coilgun fire small metal disks (potentially even the “knock out” circles from metal electrical outlet boxes (so essentially using trash), or perhaps washers of cut sheet metal, coins potentially (depends on metal, although “coin blanks” are another option) could work too.
(Also it would be a whole other project, but a CNC Coil Winder may be a good thing to make to allow for custom shapes/sizes)
First of all, great work, but the first design was better for me because you are in control of the number of stages. But personally, I think it would be better to use fewer turns, a larger wire diameter, and a capacitor with a capacity of 1000uf It will give you enough power. Personally, I worked on a similar project consisting of only four stages, but slightly larger capacitors. Frankly, the power is enormous and terrifying.
Know of anyone else who has content that made one more powerful, would be awesome to see
Aside from making the coils lower impedance as you get forward down the barrel you could put two sensors instead of one between each coil so that a microcontroller can estimate the speed of the projectile after every stage to time the commutation and calculate the coil current more precisely. Ideally you'd also put a sensor slightly before the middle of the inside of the coil so you can turn it off such that the current is zero while the bullet is passing the middle
I’m curious about adding more voltage to increase the power/speed of the projectile. More information regarding the projectile would be nice as well. Would be great to use a projectile that is about 7.6mm round and 4oz so that one could compare to other projectiles.
i am glad to see the evolution of this project, it only needs a magazine and maybe a solenoid to load the rod from the mag, nothing that a bit of arduino code can not solve
Inspired by this video, I tried to make my own coil gun and initially it worked but then my sketchy HV generator blew up. After remaking it I accidentally used wire that was too thin and upon pulling the trigger it blew up again. I was hoping the full 320VDC was discharged from the 2200μF capacitor but there was still 60VDC left. This was just a single stage coil gun lol
i have the caps from old pcb's , now i have to start collecting coils !! i would probably go for the previous designee since i like the modularity ,(im salvaging components only ) and for soldering i will use the good old trick of heating the pcb on normal clothes iron to soak as much heat as i can into the pcb and then blast it with the soldering iron on full ( ofcorse you make the pcb connections first before any component )
I would like to have your Altium design PCB design file
Carbon fiber arrows make great barrels. From a bow and arrow set.
YO u need to make the infrared sensors work together with arduino to sence the projectile speed so it can automaticaly edjust the timings for much better efficiency
your idea is really cool, but for a noob like me, do you know any links to explain that, or with concrete examples with downloads of gerbers etc..
it already looks so complicated without your idea LOL
thx for your comment.
You should measure the attack and the decay rate from the magnetic fields and phase the timing not equally but slightly out of phase to prevent it shooting backwards.
I am already heating up my soldering iron. I made the first version you designed. I used coils from old tattoo guns. They where cheap and worked way better than the ones I tried to wind by hand. It was a lot of fun and now I have a project for the extra parts. Thanks again for another outstanding video.
Oh such a good idea!!! I have like 5-6 old tattoo machines, each with 2 coils... Thanks!
I would like to have your Altium design PCB design file
Why not just buy the coils online? They're not that expensive. Or buy enameled magnetic copper wire and make the coils yourself.
@@ELECTRONOOBSWhy not just buy the coils online? They're not that expensive. Or buy enameled magnetic copper wire and make the coils yourself?
I can’t wait to learn electronics, there’s so much to learn so I will be busy for awhile and it’s about time with all the projects I love to build so much
great to see some of your big projects again man. Great work 👌
Great improvements! Such a cool project
Thanks :)
@@ELECTRONOOBS Altium designer looks like EasyEDA on steroids.
I would like to have your Altium design PCB design file@@TheUnknownCatWarrior
I would like to have your Altium design PCB design file@@ELECTRONOOBS
I love these kind of projects, but I always wonder if there is some way of rifling the barrel so the projectile spins and becomes more accurate?
Not really, rifling works with powder weapons because the lead making the projectile is kinda soft, and the insane acceleration makes the bullet expand into the rifling and spin.
However lead isn't ferromagnetic and thus can't be used as a projectile. Ferromagnetic projectiles are too hard to fit in a rifling.
That's actually one reason armies aren't that seriously working on magnetic rifles
You could use Ferris metal dipped in lead, then use a CNC machine to make the projectiles the correct diameter then add rifling then you would lose the tumble
Damn that's very cool.
I'm sure you've seen those T12 style soldering stations, there are kits available you can buy for very cheap and use it with any 12-24v PSU. You can even use the original Hakko tips. The T12 style tips make soldering much easier because the heating element is very close to the tip unlike the older style soldering irons.
I have one. Is not more powerful than my station. Is still not enough for those big pads...
@@ELECTRONOOBS Ah I see, that's a lot of copper then lol
All coils are in placed on same distance, after starting 4 coil, you should increase the distance between next to next coils, it will more accelerate the speed of bullet
Put another detector at the exit of the coil that triggers an SCR that shorts the coil. But first I would measure the timing with an arduino or something similar. Then you know if this is necessary and what you could gain. Also check the distance from the first detector to the coil. This could be optimised. I would also make the coils shorter and fatter and use a higher voltage. The caps can take 450V, so charge them to 400V.
is it possible to capture some of the collapsing field after the projectile has been past and partially charge to caps to make it quicker in between shots?
Right now it is just "burned" off on the flyback diode, but there must be some decent ringing on the LC without it.
If you have an oscilloscope or logic analyzer, you can connect at least three channels to the optical sensor output of successive stages. Then, you can use the time difference between different optical pulses to calculate the speed of the projectile. With additional connections, you can also measure the acceleration between stages as well. Finally, you could calculate the efficiency of the device by computing (1/2)mv^2 / (1/2)ce^2 as you make adjustments -- here m is mass, v is velocity and c is capacitance, e is the starting voltage (electromotive force) across the capacitors. The Arduino approach, although less precise due to the much lower sampling rates, would also be nice if you built it into the next revision of your device so as to provide instant feedback of the velocity of the projectile after firing.
Have you thought about optimizing the current setup? Faster/smaller coils, ways to lower the resistance etc. Also have you made any research in how to lower the friction or increase the magnetic field strength by using other barrel and projectile material?
This is kind of late, but can you try the speed meter the other way around?
Andrei, this is a very interesting project. I very much enjoyed watching the video. I wonder just how many sheets of that plywood it can punch through back to back or what thickness of single sheet is the thickest it can punch through. I'll also be interested in the speed once you get your tester up and running. Thanks for sharing this!
Altium tip :
If you have repeated schematics(like stages in this video)
You only have to route one of them and copy routing format to all other stages
Makes life easier
I would like to have your Altium design PCB design file
At 6:25 , do you mean smaller as in the coil should be shorter or do you mean smaller as in having a smaller diameter? Or both?
You could mount the capacitors diagonally, so they point downwards to the left. This way, there would be space to install another row (which would then point downwards to the right). Technically, you could even mirror this setup and build it on top as well. Then you'd have 40 capacitors. Each shot would take 20 minutes to charge, but at least you'd have the maximum volts available that can be mobilized on this form factor. Whether this makes sense in the end, or if a huge arc of light comes out alongside the projectile at the front, I can't say for sure :D
How accurate would it be? Could you add rifling?
I thought your channel was the one where the guy always electrocutes himself. But I stayed for the rail gun and I'll keep coming back too ;)
Could you send link of wiring process for switch, transformer, and buttons. Having problems with figuring out setup. Also huge thanks for releasing all of this bud.
If you can get your hands on a slowmo camera it would be neat to see if you can optimize the coil activation sequencing so they all accelerate the coil optimally.
This is really an amazing project!
👍👍👍
I wonder if you amend your housing print to include sectioning between coils and using magnetic shielding tape/ foil to minimise field bleed over to the next coil.
I'm no electronics expert but what about triggering a capacitor as the projectile passes the sensor this secondary capacitor in opposite polarity to neutralise the charge in the coil... may need something like a shotky diode to handle collapsing spike currents? Have you tried hematite or neodunium projectiles?
Hi! Can we have an update? besides what was mention before like: spacing the coil and the IR diodes, making the coils in the final stages thinner (fewer turns but you can use bigger wire), and something that I´ve seen on youtube, and many people made measurements to see if it shows improvement, using iron strips outside to concentrate the magnetic field inside the coil
Protip for the heat soak... hot air gun. Preheat station is ok too but I find the guns more versatile. Just warm the area around the joint to "good and uncomfortable" and the solder will flow much better with less juice from the iron.
add a spring feed magazine and a servo+slider to do the auto-reload when charged, ok it wont get fast speeds but still it would be 'cool', do people still say cool? i'm 57 and out of touch lol.
can some electronic lockout be added between stages to stop the backfiring?
maybe the lack of charge in a fired stage's capacitor could be the ground needed for the IR detector of the next stage, if the cap isnt discharged then the IR detection cant ground out? or something like that....
Wonderful job! I don't think I will build it but it was fun watching you do it. I am certain at some point in the project I would slip and get zapped.
Add a couple of sensors before and after each coil, you can use this to figure out the velocity before and after the projectile enters the stage. You could also use some digital electronics to adjust the timing of the sensors before and after each coil, it would make tuning the coilgun as easy as adjusting some values in your arduino sketch.
Hi. What are the blue diodes for? Why there are two emitters (white diodes) - big one which is against the black infrared receiver and a small one next to it?
Why do you need the light sensor at all? If the metal projectile moves through the coil doesn't it generate its own current that could be used to trigger each subsequent coil? Instead of the light sensor you could even use a smaller pre-stage coil to act as the trigger. You would loose some of the speed control but be less reliant on the clock speed of the light sensors or micro controller. Maybe?
Hi friend, great project. Technical question... do you have any information on how many FPS or meters per second you have achieved with the projectile?
Another question... have you tried using metal spheres, did it work better/worse than the projectile?
Greetings.
Thank you very much for your video, it helped me a lot! I am trying to design my own coil gun and was wondering what voltage booster you used to get from the batteries to 400V. All of the component aliexpress links seem to be down, but if you have a model number or something that would be very helpful :D
Awesome work! Its interesting to see how it will behave with different projectile forms (sphere, bullet like form with sharp tip). Is it possible to make a little turning effect to enhance accuracy? It would be great to see shooting tests on open air, what is accuracy of bullet on ~50-100m distance? How is it powerful on different material targets?
You could, if you wanted to, using a different design, turn it into a what you're describing as a sturdy, powerful, & accurate electromagnetic gun/weapon, in the form of a "traditional semi-automatic rifle". Yes? lol. Of course you could... all you need is a little mind power & ingenuity.
People would think you had some sort of futuristic weapon lol. Especially if you have the funds and creativity, you could make it look pretty badass. Even make multiple battery packs and "bullet/shell/projectile" magazines that could be integrated into the "gun/rifle" the same way traditional semi-auto rifles do. Where you could remove them and slap in a new one that's ready to go...but you'd definitely want to check the laws around that first for sure lol...anyways
Awesome job as always!
I just keep thinking what if somehow you also added a coil around the projectile and powered it during travel according to the static coils magnetic field. Would it double the forces on the projectile?
Can you share the PCB altium shematic and components you used, I want to use it in my project.
hey thanks for the awesome video, i just have one question. where did you get your bullet/projectile?
Is just a stainless steel rod cut into 15mm long bits...
another question for you. i am doing your project and everything makes sense except for the volt generator. the link you have on your website is a bit different then the one in your video. would you be able to explain where the imput/output would be on the one that is on your website?
Check here: ae01.alicdn.com/kf/Sef89e3bafc0b4aae8597e65c02f84f802/Inversor-Boost-Step-up-Board-de-500W-1000W-DC-12V-a-AC-220V-380V-420V-transformador.jpg_.webp Just connect the 380V to your couldun high voltage input...
Did you manage to do it with this module?
Could this also be done with a round channel and, for example, send the ball through the same accelerators in three turns?
Do you have the polarity the same in each stage or are they alternating? I've always wondered if it would improve the performance with a long enough projectile that it slightly bridges 2 coils, so it has a push pull effect during the reverse current that happens as the field collapses? Im not sure if it would improve or hurt performance lol
I am currently testing it with a laboratory power supply after my 400V module went up in smoke.
After activating the button, there is a permanent short circuit in the 12V circuit.
Is it possible that the thyristor does not close after switching through?
adding a resistor to discharge the capacitor after turning off the gun could be great security too; never know if the capacitors are not fully discharged after the shot
You can make worl pattern with the help of 3D printing of that transparent tube and same goes for projectile so when you use it for long distance it will experience minimum air drag
You have ordered a similar meter as me. I had some problems with it measuring in the same orientation as you had, then I shot projectiles in the other direction and it seemed to measure fine. Maybe you should try it as well
I've tried all the ways... :/
You could add a magazine and auto loader. this could help with the fear of reversing the projectile and you could hide the batteries inside of each magazine.
See how the VW VR6 engine manages to put 6 cilinders on a small space. Do the same thing with the capacitors, alternarting them, and keeping them as close as possible.
Try to minimize the distance between each coil, so you minimize any friction loses between them.
Also, IMHO, dont use detectors, create a time-table on when should each coil fire, and tune them until you reach the maximum projectile speed.
Will there ever be a version 3, maybe with 20 stages one half the size of the version 2 stage, larger capacitors and a magazine?
You can cool the thyristors by bending them outwards from the PCB and putting a long heatsink on them
I also have another question: Why not use IGBT and make a pulse of 3 milliseconds, for example, and this will provide additional storage for the capacitor. Is the problem the inductive armature of the coil?
Thyristors are more suited for these applications than IGBTs. Also it might be more expensive to buy an IGBT for this application than a Thyristor.
What happened to "full power test"?
Day 1 of requesting to make a professional looking reciever for the stm32 based rc transmitter and improve the transmitter itself
Would it be possible to use a 100s battery as the high voltage source, to get faster recharging times?
Try to figure out a way to hold a projectile without it sliding itself into the barrel which will effect in shooting prematurely - it's even more dangerous than those 450V. With current design you cannot hold a coilgun vertically (to not aim to anything around you) withouth this issue. I couldn't figure out anything, maybe you can.
Not sure if this is a big concern, but does the coil heat up that it might melt the plastic? It is a brief moment, but due to high power and with frequent use, it might heat up a bit
Not at all!
You should make a magazine and a mechanical system so you don't have to reload it like a flint lock pistol. I would recommend you to aid the system with an Arduino or another MCU so you can get feedback of what's happening, like displaying the amount of ammunition you have left in your magazine for example.
Freaking awesome dude!
You should build a secure locking bolt in order to add safety from reverse firing it would also make loading practical and safe
Maybe even something of a clip like the Crossman does for some of their air rifles. It would also be somewhat beneficial to possibly slightly magnetize the bolt to hold the projectile at its most efficient starting point or design a tight fitting single or multi shot clip.
Great work. Love this design. Only thing missing are STEP files for the housing design, this would make customisation much easier as STEP is supported by most cad packages. Could we get the step files along with the STL files?
I don't have them. Only Blender project, sowy...
Likewise what is the scope for coil based High Voltage spark burner
im not scientist or anything but would turning all coils on and turning them off as the bolt passes the threshold not ad to the force on the bolt as it travels more effectivly ?
I think each coil is turning on and off independently and not all at once
Nice work.. and how much is the maximum speed you were able to reach please.. in meters per second?
i don't know
You need to sell this as a complete kit in a box.
I'd by it.
Can you cover the metal in rubber and use it as a airsoft gun with proper protection, or use rubber with metal dust mixed in it.
i wonder how difficult it would be to implement an energy recovery system to try to partially charge the capacitors with the collapsing magnetic field from the coils
Dude, that's some awesome sxxxt you've been doin' here ;)
I have to say iI loved the modularity of the first version, despite the inconvenience of having to solder. But I reckon it's way more efficient this way.
Thx for sharing, you have one more subscriber which may not account to much... but it's yet a sign you prolly did a good job :D
your video upload is synchronized with Great scott
What is the optimal gauge copper wire for the coils?
Try using 40v battery pack that goes into cordless power tools to increase charge time and have quick release for swapping battery pack
Hey ! I was wondering: what is the resistance of each coil? And so, what is the maximum current passing through the coil when a capacitor is fully charged. Is it possible to use Mosfet instead of thyristors?
Great video, btw!
A lot of MOSFETs are not able to handle the amount of current when firing so Thyristors are used as they can do the job well. It's also cheaper to buy thyristors instead of MOSFETs suited for the application. The current flowing through each coil is calculated with this formula: V÷R
@@ThinkingFurry thank you for that answer !
How long does it take to charge the capacitors after you shoot it?
Awsoooome! If you make an electronic kit i will probably buy it!! And if you need help to make the version3 i will be glad to help on the 3d model of the case.
Que cambio, se ve potente! Me hace acordar al arma del Fallout
Would it be better to line the coils up with increasingly bigger spaces in between instead of having them all spaced the same distance apart?
Now that is friggin awesome
Where would I be able to get the 3d file for yhe coils?
Seeing something like this, I do wonder if you could somehow combine it with gyro-jet ammo to make a more effective weapon...
Can you use same 10 stage on its opposite side like top of each other one inverted section like =======
Se puede comprar el kit ?
Might not want to put the full 450V on those caps. Even 420V would be significantly better for their longevity. I love v2! Heck, v1 was awesome but this version rocks!