What is a DIODE and how it works - PN junction and 3D animation
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- Опубліковано 1 сер 2024
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The diode is a mainly resistive non-linear passive electronic component with two terminals, whose function is to allow the flow of electric current in one direction and virtually block it in the opposite one.
The two diode terminals are called ANODE and CATHODE. The electric current conventionally goes from the anode to the cathode following this direction.
Opposite polarization of the diode will oppose a virtually infinite resistance, the diode blocks the current reducing it to “zero”
Diodes are PASSIVE electronic components, in fact they do not introduce energy into the circuit in which they are inserted and do not require an external power supply apart the input itself.
There are many kinds of diode, depending on the uses. They can be used in various electronic applications and they indeed are an integral part of many electronic devices.
But how is a diode made?
We can see, that here inside there is a semiconductor material, in this specific case: silicon.
Theoretically pure silicon crystal has no free electrons in conduction band, for this reason the silicon in question has been doped. For Doping we mean that the “impurity inclusion” is made by diffusion of certain elements, in general this is obtained by using a very little percentage of atoms spread within silicon crystal lattice, these impurities even if in negligible amount change dramatically the crystal electric behavior.
These atoms are called donor atoms, since they yield electrons to the crystal lattice of silicon. This creates 2 distinct parts within the diode with 2 different charge levels.
One part is doped in order to obtain an excess of electrons and therefore it is negatively charged, while the other is doped in order to obtain an excess of holes and is therefore positively charged.
We will call N the negatively charged part and P the positively charged part. Thus distinguishing the so-called P-N junction.
Now we can see that in the N part of the diode there is a majority of free electrons while in the P part there is a majority of electron holes, which are the lack of an electron at a position where one could exist in an atom or atomic lattice.
In this situation the part N will have a tendency to release excess electrons, since these will naturally move towards the holes available on the P side, so the border region of the P side is slightly negatively charged and the border region of the N side is slightly positively charged.
A current, called DIFFUSION CURRENT, will flow between the two parts and will try to balance this difference in charges.
We can thus see the so-called DEPLETION ZONE. As there is a positive and negative charge in this area an electric field will be created which will go from the cathode “K”, towards the anode “A”. This electric field causes the generation of another current, the DRIVE CURRENT, which will try to balance the previous DIFFUSION CURRENT.
In case of an electric field, an ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL will be created and consequently a BARRIER POTENTIAL.
The barrier potential is created when the electric field opposes a further migration of electrons from part N to part P. This phenomenon creates some sort of barrier against the flow of electrons. This barrier value is usually around 0.7 volts, for silicon.
We here now connect the cathode to the positive pole and the anode to the negative pole of a current generator, in this case: a battery. By doing this, an INVERSE POLARIZATION or an INVERSE BIAS CONDITION is obtained.
The electrons and the holes are attracted in the way to polarize the P-N junction to increase the depletion region and consequently prevent the flow of current.
The effect of reverse polarization is to enlarge the depletion region.
If we try instead, to connect the positive pole of the battery with the P side of the diode the situation changes completely. The diode will be in a forward biased condition and the depletion region will shrink...
Supposing now that our battery has enough voltage to overcome the potential barrier. This will cause the movement of the electrons driven by the electric potential imposed by the battery.
When the electrons cross the potential barrier, their motion no longer meets resistance and will thus more easily occupy the holes in the P zone.
Now, the electrons that have moved from the N side to occupy the P side holes, due to the attraction of the positive pole of the battery, will move further going to occupy the nearby holes and so on, until they flow through the external circuit.
This condition is known as DIRECT POLARIZATION or FORWARD BIAS CONDITION of the diode. - Наука та технологія
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This is an excellent explanation of how a diode functions and the physics nature of it. The Best I have seen so far!
Dear Pierre thanks a lot fot your comment . Please look our website www.jaescompany.com to understand our project and please give a feeback about our video ua-cam.com/video/qa-voCoUPtk/v-deo.html inverter
The PN junction part is explained very well
Please visit our website www.jaescompany.com where you can see our new project and who we are
The best I've seen so far 😮
Very simple to understand.. thanks a lot
it's an amazing video
I really like all of your instructional videos
I watched the entire video! Well done
Great quality!
Nice and clear explanation
Very well explained. We want more videos like this. ❤ from 🇮🇳
Thank so much.
This video very helpfull.
It make me easy to understand "diode work"
I have been waiting for your next videos
Really nice
Your explanation is very good. Easily to understand it. Especially about Pn junction
thanks Aliff where are you from ?
Great topic! Very well explained #diode
Very well explained
Indeed it was useful
Good video 👍
Very useful 👍
Excellent
high quality video! #pnjunction
very useful 🙏
Amazing information
Nice explaination
nice video for understanding [purpose
Awesome
Nice and very informative. Good animated information convey.
Overwhelmed video. But
In the last moment I can't explains to myself that why other diode were lying workless 😐
From Bangladesh🇧🇩
thank you
Thanks from Pakistan.
Good explination
Thanks🎉🎉
Nice video! #whatisadiode
excellent class with perfect animation.thank you so much.
Ejen Ali? Nice. I from Morocco
@@malayanpodcast2063 Ejen Ali fans from India nice to meet you😄
@@reshmas9694 wow, i thought you from Malaysia. Actually this kids animation is very impressive haha.
@@malayanpodcast2063 it's not impressive it's very very impressive 😁😁
great explanation
thank you
Keep it up
Excellent ,
Smart teach 👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍👍
Thankyou sir🎉
Thanks you where are you from Verma?
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تحية للEI 201
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So does this mean there will always be a 0.7V drop when using this diode? I'm guessing the different kinds of diodes have different rated values for their barriers and are not all 0.7V? If that's the case the rating of the barrier's voltage will cause that amount of voltage to drop, but thats only for a short period of time as shown in this demonstration and then the barriers voltage will diminish over time (in a forward bias flow which is positive to negative ?) correct? So when we plug in a our electronic device to a diode and a multimeter we will see the voltage drop immediately but then itll pick back up a little ?
I think this voltage depends on the used materials, I think 0.3 for germanium, 0.7V for silicon.
Excellent.
One doubt : In diodes: why do the free electrons at the N side don't get "pulled" by the positive charged part of the depletion region, and neutralize the ionized atoms there?
thanks you
during the creation of n-p junction, the "free" electrons migrate to "holes" creating the negatively and positively charged regions. They do not get attracted because the covalent bound is stronger. These electrons "want" to create structure where there are always 8 electrons around an atom (google for "octet" rule if you wanna more about it).
So even though the positive charge of depletion region indeed attracts these electrons from depletion region, this attraction is too weak to actually move them.
Current meter should be in series ...
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Hello. Thank you for your comment! Have you had a chance to watch our videos about INVERTER ua-cam.com/video/qa-voCoUPtk/v-deo.html DIODES ua-cam.com/video/vqQQN5yf1Oc/v-deo.html TRIODES ua-cam.com/video/tqCwOkZiEEM/v-deo.html and TRANSISTOR ua-cam.com/video/2rmpzZ5aDtE/v-deo.html We would like to know your opinion about it. If you want to learn more about our projects, you can subscribe to our channel ua-cam.com/channels/b7TkWFn3nyb6XhudxGu5tw.html and visit our website www.jaescompany.com/
Nc
You don't have to always paste your label JAESO on every single thing in your animation
Dear sir unfortunually other UA-camr sometimes stole our graphic for us is a lot of work
Awesome
Thank you! Have you had a chance to watch our videos about INVERTER ua-cam.com/video/qa-voCoUPtk/v-deo.html TRIODES ua-cam.com/video/tqCwOkZiEEM/v-deo.html TRANSISTOR ua-cam.com/video/2rmpzZ5aDtE/v-deo.html We would like to know your opinion about it.
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