How evolution creates problem-solving machines | Michael Levin
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- Опубліковано 27 тра 2024
- Evolution doesn’t fix things - it reinvents them. Michael Levin, a biologist, explains.
This interview is an episode from @The-Well, our publication about ideas that inspire a life well-lived, created with the @JohnTempletonFoundation.
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Esteemed biologist Michael Levin explores a captivating biological perspective of evolution - one that’s hard for engineers to come to terms with. In their work, making random changes to a system usually makes things worse, not better.
But evolution, on the other hand, doesn't just produce specific solutions to specific challenges; instead, it creates what Levin calls "problem-solving machines." These machines are made up of hierarchical biological hardware with incredible adaptability, capable of tackling various challenges without assuming specific environmental conditions.
Contrary to commonly held ideas about evolution, it doesn't just search for the best possible physical characteristics in organisms. It also uses signals and behaviors to shape how organisms function, so when things change or get damaged, the different parts of an organism can continue to function. From metabolic to physiological dilemmas, Levin highlights evolution’s remarkable ability to adapt.
Read the full video transcript: bigthink.com/the-well/evoluti...
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About Michael Levin:
Michael Levin is a developmental and synthetic biologist at Tufts University, where he is the Vannevar Bush Distinguished Professor and serves as director of the Allen Discovery Center at Tufts and the Tufts Center for Regenerative and Developmental Biology.
Prior to college, Michael Levin worked as a software engineer and independent contractor in the field of scientific computing. He attended Tufts University, interested in artificial intelligence and unconventional computation. To explore the algorithms by which the biological world implemented complex adaptive behavior, he got dual B.S. degrees, in CS and in Biology and then received a PhD from Harvard University.
He led an independent laboratory from 2000 to 2007 at Forsyth Institute, Harvard. Now, his lab at Tufts studies anatomical and behavioral decision-making at multiple scales of biological, artificial, and hybrid systems.
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I'm a software developer and this video was sooooo interesting. In software we have what's called Data Structures and Algorithms which are literally the principles he explained but applied to software. For me was the oposite, I saw this guy "explaining software principles applied to the whole universe", is so beautiful how everything is connected and is so fun to reverse engineer the universe!
its called abstraction. Actaully, Machine learning follows the same concept. Data collected from nature contains a lot of information lets the machine search through that information and find the best distribution. Now the search space can be incredibly huge but here comes gradient descent on Neural network revolutionalize. we dont know how it works but we dont need to.
When all you have is a hammer, everything starts looking like a nail.
I'm not sure I'd say it's the same. If you randomly change some data structure (like, not just some value), your code will in all likelihood just break. Code (both data and instructions) does not have this same problem-solving capability, even if you're working on top of a bunch of levels of abstraction - so the layering is there, but each layer is much more "mechanical"
@@user-sl6gn1ss8p I'm not sure if you understand what he's saying at all. Evolution doesn't just come in one type, which you believe is only the one in nature with layers as you describe.
Because even in nature, evolution can still happen, and solve problems by random chance, without any changes to the base layer. It's still evolution.
@@user-sl6gn1ss8p but the principals are same, in software, we know how we gonna build the feature using underlying abstraction, here you don't need to know, you just need to send the signal or command everything else's are abstraction. Otherwise, there will be no job called software engineering 😁
I once attended a presentation from Dr. Levin in Tremblant, Quebec, Canada during a Scaling Laws workshop of Prof. Irina Rish.
This research is really exciting, thanks for showcasing it here on this channel!
My key take away here is that delegation to good problem solvers is the best practice
How fortunate we evolved to understand evolution
And some people still believe in a god🙄
@@ernestkhalimov748 the belief in God can co-exist with evolution
@@MrGTAWalkthrough please explain that
@@MrGTAWalkthroughwhat a joke
@@ernestkhalimov748 God is the cause for the Big Bang and there for everything that happened afterwards, including evolutionary processes.
Life is the universe’s answer to entropy
Life increases entropy in the long run.
@@michaelhart2715entropy increases life in the long run
The opposite is actually true, for life go get low entropy it has to make more entropy somewhere else …
@@mattiesroofthooft2250 Where did life come from then? Entropy came first and life came after. Your elementary school understanding of Entropy is the issue here.
@@ExistenceUniversityYour insulting attitude is rude.
Very intetesting. Thank you.
Ability to adapt , you see this in so many life forms , but we have simple life forms that have not changed so how can we say that if evaluation is constantly evolving of life forms, all so hard to conceive, time constraint engineering of life . This is above and beyond what I can rap my head around
Organisms do not adapt. We are not talking about Lamarckian evolution but about natural selection. Natural selection means that while an organism is surviving and multiplied to its environment, in each subsequent generation there is a possibility of some mutation. These mutations are either neutral to the species or worse so that the organisms with this mutation do not survive or do not reproduce enough or they are beneficial for the new organism in order to survive and reproduce in the respective environment.. If a species is well enough adapted to the environments it encounters that it does not need to undergo changes, that is, even if there are members of the population of the kind with mutations that are positive for their survival, if the main population of the kind does not have an issue of survival and reproduction and the mutations that exist do not give a significant advantage compared to the organisms that do not have this mutation, then simply this mutation it is absorbed and disappears within the population..That is why there are animals that are unchanged over millions of years such as crocodiles and coelacanths.
@@EM-qr4kz thank you for sharing,
@EM-qr4kz That does not make sense. The same mechanism that started making the changes would not stop making the changes arbitrarily. You would need something like a system that runs out possible changes within the DNA. That way when the organism first appeared and was changing it started diverging to another organism. The divergent one became an entirely new organism uncapable of mating with the old one and the old organism ran through its genetic code and cannot mutate any longer but it survives in its environment. The mechanism you described never stops changing so it cannot explain why some animals do not change for millions of years.
@@luisblanco4371 Life has that kind of balance.
Organisms that are not flexible to change cannot change and by extension they disappear.
Accordingly, organisms that are prone to change will have alot of sick descendants lets say..
Life is based on fairly stable but not completely unchanging hardware.. Moreover, having Crocodiles lets say unchanged even today doesn't mean that there aren't developed other species from them..they are just good enough survivors to exist even now
@EM-qr4kz I am not disagreeing with you in one way or another. I don't have expertise or the knowledge or have seen the evidence myself. I was merely looking at things in a systematic way. From what understand, there are multiple factors as you described that influence species. I was merely making a distinction that factors that are purely random or environmentally based are unchanging. So if they are the main contributors to an effect, they don't stop contributing. That is what makes them random. They cannot contribute and then not contribute. The only way for them to be main drivers and also change stops then there has to be a secondary trigger that stops the changes or a separate system.
I get the feeling I am listening to a future giant of science. The next Darwin? The Issac Newton of biology? It is like watching the (Quantum) Mechanics of biology and behavior being invented.
Did he answer the question shown at the beginning? No. Fast-paced gobbledygook, and made little sense.
But maybe I did not understand, happy to learn.
I don't think there is any engineer who hears about the theory of evolution for the first time after becoming an engineer ;-) ......
But the video is really good :-)
In the traditional organizational structure (org chart) what is the value of lower level systems (“grunt workers”) and if they do solve around problems I would say their value is quite high. How long until we recognize this among our own species-let alone others?
Levin is a master
Our intelligent life system rocks!
One of the best explanations of Evolutionary Biological processes I've heard
The most fundamental question that arises and I do francly admit it is a bit spooky, is what the next higher level is to us and what it needs from us to function.
are there more people like him? if so; please tell me their names!
No one gets to the point of being an engineer and only then hears about the theory of evolution for the first time
We have all heard about it but have we understood it?
As a novice I am not sure I understand this, but using the analogy of computer programming I wonder if mutations can be more thought of changes in in-going parameters of procedures, and not the individual bytes in the computer program? And also, if the change is not beneficial the program has an ability to make up for it?
That means Evolution is an intention driven process, where did the instruct come from and how was it transmitted?
"In everyday speech, people tend to use the word 'theory' to mean an untested hypothesis, or even a guess. But the term 'evolutionary theory' does not refer to any single hypothesis, and it certainly is not guesswork. As used in science, 'theory' refers to the entire body of work on the understanding and application of a field of knowledge. When we refer to evolutionary theory, we are referring to our understanding of the mechanisms that result in biological changes in populations over time, and the use of that understanding to interpret changes and interactions of biological organisms."
-Life (the science of biology) Ninth Edition Sadava, Hillis, Heller, Berenbaum
Awesome work, about time some wake up the scientific community from their dogmatic slumber by explaining that the genome is just a hardware piece not the soft were of cells. These amazingly intelligent cells can start the construction of the embryo to finish, the different roles that these cells can do during this process is astronomical, mythical, and miraculous. Thank you very much.
I push back on the supposition of engineers EVER hearing the theory of evolution "for the first time" AFTER they're engineers. We hear it early in life, and I'd think even an engineer would understand the substantive difference between life and something you manufacture. Even an engineer!
ok, the introduction to object oriented software development is done...
❤❤❤
Honestly at this point half of the reason i come to scientific youtube content is to read through the creationist bullshit in the comments
Life is the universe's answer to organise to increase entropy in the most efficient and fastest way possible.
Selection is the ultimate designer. God designing things is crazy because that would mean he is solving his own problem to that was designed by himself. Since he is creator of everything he should have also created the problem that should be overcome by the design.
I see evolution and natural selection as part of God’s creation. He designed life to do this stuff.
@@MrFossil367ab45gfyth God fits into every argument after all....
@@MrFossil367ab45gfyth
When you say God, you say nothing. It is a useless term with no explanatory value.
I can be in awe of evolution if it is a natural process, but if a creator intentionally set such in motion, there is nothing more cruel.
@@Fastlan3 , I'm in awe at nature. The same goes with evolution and natural selection. It's obvious they are natural processes, I know that. I simply said that it is part of God’s creation.
@@MrFossil367ab45gfyth do you even understand what I said in my comment you're referencing? It is like you comprehend only part of it? It's just weird how people's brains do this. 🤷
I suggest you confront this contradiction that you appear to hold - that there can be "natural selection" and a creator God. One negates the other.
If a God intentionally set evolution in motion, the "natural selection" part is actually "artificial selection", as a mind has intentionally selected the parameters, conditions and possible outcomes.
Is your idea that God created such by accident and has no foresight? That at least resolves the problems related to intentions
We haven't even touched how this problem impacts free will.
There are consequences in how things must be understood when you hold certain positions/ notions... most people don't really think these through, we smile and get along with those around us, as naturally selection found this more suitable for species trying to survive without the ability to really determine the truth of a lot of what we tend to believe. It has been more beneficial for our ancestors to assimilate around inaccurate ideas that ensure a level of cooperation and shared goals, so long as we reproduce fast enough to counter the losses endured because of the inaccurate views.
😮
he and lee cronin
cleaned my brain
I see evolution as a simple changes, the environment makes persist or not the change. So, the composition of an individual changes constantly. The environment chooses what states persist given the rules that it has. Like a white rabbit and a brown one. The white will survive from animals in the snow, and the brown will die. But in Africa, the brown will survive, and the white won't. So, "the smart move" doesn't exist, are the rules of the environment that makes the rabbit survive. The example that he gave about the triangle and the last line of a triangle is just the rules of the environment that force the composition of the individual to di the smart choice. Also, there's a last step. When individual changes and the environment choose, the individual writes its changes. In fact, the organism first changes its writing memory, and then changes happen globally in the individual. So, that's why we don't start all the time with the initial state. We start with an advanced one.
What is he talking about when he says in the beginning that when most engineers hear about the theory of evolution for the first time they are incredulous?
there is problem in sound
Let evolution solve it, and then it will no longer be a problem.
Sounds like we understand 1/10th of how it works, but progress nevertheless!
What a nice thing to see here, an now I must say it, an so if one should fall 2 will take its place.
There are puzzles in your truth & truth in your puzzles. Give that a spin hm?
A cheshire cat would know how it all works but do any of you?
A skip and a hop, a trip thru wonderland eh?
😋 I really appreciate the video, hoping for more like this.
The wonder of emergence.
How many different types of complex molecule are there within any cell ( or had to be in the 2 "LUCAs) ? How many of each?
Each is there, either because it was constructed from smaller ones using the energy found in "food" to power its construction, or it was modified as a metabolite.
Every one of those molecules is therefore, specified to be there because they benefit the organism.
And, Every one is specified by either the genes which code for the proteins, or modify other molecules, or as in RNA, copied from the DNA base sequences, or, as a result of the actions of the complex operating system of switches and gates we have called, "junk DNA."
Sure, evolution windows out detrimental genes or miscopied operating systems. It uses gene duplication and genetic material from sex with other organisms, or endosymbiosis as in mitochondria.
But hundreds of thousands of base pairs in highly specific order came about from random collisions of atoms and small molecules?
BAH!
ry complex molecule w
everything is good except the audio, so disturbing the way it is cut and we can hear the background, maybe some smoothing or else would be nice
Exactly!
Evolution solves problems?? Ok which one came first. Chicken or the egg?? Evolution proceeds to stumble 🤣 PS it was the chicken first ..
The egg came first, by almost 560 million years
@@WarriorOfWriters wrong ...
WOW!! his arms are very short !!
Wonder why in this material world there was an opening for life to come to be
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It's almost like he's implying "inteligent design" when really what happens is "random design". It is that randomness that allows life to create, not one, but many innovative answers to its problems and thrive.
He probably has a religious incentive to lie 😭😭 I wouldn’t be surprised
how evolution also solves problems: brute force, see what sticks
Completely ignore this at the level of human consciousness, according to artificially created scarcity and problem solving. This can totally slow down evolution, as we can clearly see in society when it moves beyond simulation to learning, and leaves us trapped.
There are engineers that first heard about evolution after they became engineers?
So what you're saying is a consuming cell absorbed in infecting cell and the consuming cell consumed the infecting cells and the consuming cell consumed many infecting cells overtime..so the chemical that was in the infecting cell.. that made it be able to infect... Brakes down and is absorbed by the consuming cells parts over time the consuming cells parts that were getting the chemical change to be able to do what that chemical allowed the infecting cell to do.....
"Brakes down...?" Apparently you were educated by TV.
@@ANDROLOMA what I'm trying to say is infecting cell will break down in the consuming cell... And most likely the chemicals that are released from the infecting cell breaking down in the absorbing cell and chemicals from the infecting cell get released somehow and the consuming sell will pass it off to its Offspring until overtime the infecting sell will break down or decay inside the consuming sell and then release chemicals and that's how we get sexual reproduction
I disagree with the comparison between evolution and engineering (mostly) or programming.
Programs are small and discrete compared to organisms, there is no small delta that can be applied to programming that won't destroy the entity. Contemporary programs, that is, machine learning is a whole different kettle of fish.
Similarly most engineering is a work / don't work scenario. A delta on dimensions will destroy the item. The exception here is CFD for aero / hydro dynamics.
To me, it's a matter of complexity. A sufficiently complex (large) system is effectively chaotic despite being rigidly governed by laws.
A sufficiently chaotic system can tolerate deltas and thereby not be rendered void by evolution.
I’m amazed by what he and his lab is doing but I have trouble comprehending what he’s trying to explain, it’s like an accountant talking to you in taxation mumbo jumbo, thinking he’s making himself perfectly clear when everyone else’s eyes are glazing over. Maybe he’s trying to not give too much away as regrowing limbs will be a billion dollar industry in the future. The BBC should do a tv series on it all and break it down into bite sized pieces
there are multiple talks, interviews, presentations, papers, etc - this is a very brief teaser, pretty much, but if you look up some of his presentations and then maybe an interview or two it'll probably clear things up. Having some background in science and math helps, but I don't think is a must.
The main idea here is that evolution is acting on organisms which are themselves made of smaller parts capable of solving different kinds of problems. These parts together can solve even more problems - so in this sense they are a collective intelligence, like an anthill: each ant can do their thing, but collectively the anthill does more than just the sum of its parts.
One key idea then is that evolution does not have to dictate the details of how organisms will change - it doesn't need to work in "the space of all the micro-states of the hardware" -, it just needs to nudge the organism in a much simpler way and let the organism adapt, through its different layers of intelligence, finding a way to take this new situation and put it to good use - so in this sense evolution would be "searching the space of behavior-shaping signals", which is much simpler.
The take-home then is that the process of evolution can be much more effective because it's working on active matter - on stuff which will actively trying to do their thing - instead of on simple mechanical parts. So evolution isn't really comparable to randomly changing pieces on a clock, to get back to his example.
This really is quite absurd. “Goal directed” requires a person or thinking entity to identify the goal towards which the process or thing tends. Yet by definition this experts theory says that there’s no person, no blue print only a unexplained “structure”. This structure is a to all intents and purposes a mind excepting that it cannot be called that. Thus, the world is turned on its head, non sense can be passed off as its opposite.
It's not a mind, it's quite simple. A population inherits characteristics, random small changes to the characteristics within that population occur through natural selection (sex). This occurs within our own species, which is entirely uncontroversial. But the same process relates our species to every other organism on this planning, extant or otherwise.
So much for irreducible complexity
There aren't any organ that is irreducibly complex
Evolution has helped in revitalizing an organic process in which living organisms and creatures continue to thrive. Seems like it's definitely come a long way in the preservation of natural processes going around in nature.
well if it's no big deal, and you can just trigger an eye to pop up on a frog, then please find out how to grow me a new tooth (preferably where the missing tooth is).
Nobel prize
"For example, if you are Evolution"...? Well, I guess we are all teleological creationists, we just name our gods differently...!
Yes... biology and evolution are NOT a top down hierarchy.
It is a bottom to up hierarchy.
Anti evolution people can't get this through their heads because they WANT there to be a Supreme being with a named PURPOSE. They can't abide a purposeless universe.
We, as sentient beings, can MAKE a purpose for ourselves. But there absolutely is no overarching control to our individual purposes.
Evolition never made sense made for me and some how every one does not answers the main question but always the answer a gray area
How does it not make sense?
DNA is like a building plan how an organism is structured. Each time a new organism is formed its building plan is slightly changed. If the changes (mutations) are detrimental, then that organism has a lower chance of procreating before dying. If the mutations are beneficial the organism has a higher chance to procreate and pass them on. That way that species is evolving over time, accumulating benficial mutations.
@@hmgrraarrpffrzz9763 when in the body of a worm these decisions are taken ? Which part of a rabbit is so intelligent to form a heart oe eye or lungs? where exectly is this thinking process going on? This is my first question
@@bilza2023 Evolution requires no intelligence or decision making or thinking. I mean, at what point did you actively decide to have the eye-color that you were born with? At what point did you decide to grow two arms? What intelligence did you need to do any of that? You didn't.
I mean, think of two slugs hatching. One is brighter, one is darker. They hatched in a dark forest, where the darker slug is better hidden. So the brighter slug is more likely eaten before it can procreate. That means that the darker slug is more likely to procreate and pass on its genes. And then you got more darker slugs instead of brighter slugs. They evolved to get darker in that darker environment.
Where do you think does this require thinking or intelligence?
@@hmgrraarrpffrzz9763 This brings us back to the questions can 1000 monkeys typing randomly type the Encyclopaedia Britannica ? It took humans 10,000 years to come up with an IT software that can fold protien which can result in a life form , how was that done perfectly by non intelligence? What you ask for is blind faith
Is there any doubt as to whether the government was founded in order to be OUR response to wrongdoing which has been done, or is being done, by individuals who are among *us*?
Is there any doubt as to whether becoming a mayor/official means becoming a Frankensteinian monster of one's own creation (intended to be the best invention ever: in other words, the most appropriate invention to invent at this time)?
Is there any doubt as to whether the fact that an individual can govern/be a leader at all implies that we are already living in a new era (being a leader has nothing to do with the individual at all: it has to do with time more than ANYONE'S personality or past or recent accomplishments)?
Building eyes in tadpoles.👿
Problem solving machines? Really? Animals are the exact opposite of machines which are assembled from parts manufactured separately and brought together. Animals start off as wholes and follow the logic of differentiation rather than design.
Isn't that how AI works? It starts from scratch. Competency is conserved?
One of the biggest problems of evolution theory is the mathematical constraints of time vs the vast number of evolutions that supposedly took place vs how many take place in observable time.
Oh boy did you just came here from one of those Steven Myer videos ?. No there aren't any mathematical problems in evolution. And I am guessing you talking about the waiting time problem creationist like to recite. That objection is fundamentally flawed. Changes in the genem can happen parallelly it doesn't have to happen one by one
@@celestialsatheist1535 Many people are just seeking cope. Religion offers an explicit appeal for reciprocity (to be saved). Natural selection eliminates the psychological need for cope.
@@celestialsatheist1535Not only that..
They don't take into account the memory in each successive generation required for the math to work.
Even a small protein of 300 amino acids if you try to create it randomly without memory at every stage of its development (in this case memory we mean simpler self-replicating mechanisms that evolution will step on) it is mathematically impossible to create
@@EM-qr4kz I can't stop laughing .What school did you go to? .
First off this has nothing to do with evolution this is abiogenesis.
And the primordial life wasn't as complex as modern ones
And probability mathematics is completely irrelevant to Chemistry. Chemistry doesn't run on chance
@@celestialsatheist1535 you are so stupid after all that you didn't realize that not only did I agree with you but I gave another argument as to why evolution exists and doesn't need some creator's plan. I am referring to the mutation of genes.
Machines?
Whos problem?
Bah, but yet they don't know where mathematics comes from so we can do the same to those who try to use us as rats in this maze to see if they know the way out because they're not qualified!
pls create mini T-Rex pet
Where are your elbows, man?
As an engineer, this was probably the worse defense of evolution I've ever heard. He definitely does not understand whatever mechanism he was trying to describe, which would build the new parts needed. It's just not sufficient. Even evolutionary biologist are basically now saying that evolution is hard-coded into the animals waiting for the time and triggers to unlock what's next. That doesn't apply to animals that "evolve" in the same environments. Why does the ancestors of the great apes evolve into chimps, gorillas and humans if they live in the same environment (Africa)? You have those and then you have animal that do not change at all for millions of years and live in different environments. And you dont have new species of humans. The last human ancestor of the homo sapiens lived around 600,000 years ago and evolved from an ancestor that was around 400,000 years before our ancestor. Why didnt home sapiens evolve? That just doesn't make sense. No random system does that. No random system is selective.
Um, the guy’s got his own major university research lab with a staff of the brightest minds in the field - I’m just going to take a wild guess and say it’s likely that Mike Levin understands what the fuck he’s talking about w/r/t evolution. Have a little humility, please.
@bkinstler I am just going by what he said. lol. He can be a God for all I care that still wouldn't make what he said make sense. He started making the right claim that we engineers are not convinced by evolution because of simple matematics. No random system behaves like it has agency. No random system is selective. That's the definition of randomness. Biologist are making the wildest claim ever that defies mathematical laws and his evidence is that he is able to change the direction in which a tadpole hatches. He defeats his own claim when he says that the animal rearranged itself. That means it didn't change at all. I was being humble. Maybe he was given all the fame he has because he follows the cult of atheism and evolution. And those people gave him the money and the job.
@@luisblanco4371So you're a god believing invecile got it 👍
@@luisblanco4371Bro what are you even talking about? You're an engineer not a biologist stay in your lane causs you clearly don't know what you even wrote
This man is 10x smarter than you and 100x as accomplished. If he didn't make sense, it's a you problem.
Yes this aspect of evolution has been potentially neglected , some supports evolution theory some denies.
Respect For Your Work.
AllahuAkbar SubhanAllah MashaAllah JazakAllah Iltimas-e-Dua❤ AllahumaSalyAla Mohammad SAWW WaAly Mohammad SAWW❤
Ameen Ya RabulAlameen❤
Does Mr. Akbar support evolution?
This talk resembles some chatGPT productions. Sounds clever on surface. Did he answered the question? I don't think so.
All those fast paced random stock videos are just a source of bad noise.
EDIT: I've listened three times and I think he talks rubbish here.
" What evolution has given us is this remarkable architecture where every level shapes the behavioral landscape of the levels below, and the levels below do clever and interesting things that allow the levels above not to have to micromanage." chatGPT 2.0 dreaming...
You should check out some of his experimental work. He puts all of this into practice and it informs the theory
Is there anyone who thinks Evolution also explains Origination of DNA 🧬 (A Unique Program/ Instruction Manual/ Code) and Cosmos ?
No. Evolution does not explains abiogenesis and evolution is not a teleological process
Oh boy we have a patato here. By the wording of your comment I can safely say you have no idea what you are talking about. Evolution was never supposed to explain the origin of DNA . But as a matter of fact we do know from where DNA came from it's RNA.
@@celestialsatheist1535this is why you're a virgin
@@celestialsatheist1535 Why are you offended, Cotton ?
I wrote that coz some stupid Atheists believe Science (which is nothing more than the study) & Evolution (Process) rejects the presence of an Intelligence/ Creator with Will & Power.
Everything is the result of it's immediate precursor. Every moment is the result of the previous moment.
First
Is it just me, or does this science guy have small hands. Either i need a bigger phone, or the science guy needs to go to the gym
I go to the gym. Gym don't build hands bigger no matter how hard you work.
Adaptation not evolution you are taking a theory trying to base it to fact if it were an actual thing it would have never stopped.What you evolved from just doesn't cease to exist to say they do is just an easy out life is more complex than that.
We have fossils of literally hundreds of species that link the evolution of land mammals to whales. Where do those fossils come from? for something to be a theory, there needs to be an incredible amount of rigorous evidence supporting it. The fact that evolution is the accepted theory speaks to its credibility and the amount of overwhelming evidence that supports it.
Good thing evolution hasn't stopped.
zero information
Life isn't a machine.
Get away from your computer for a while ok. ❤
Define life
And define machine
@@celestialsatheist1535 a baby girl. your coffee maker.
@jiiig8667 those would be examples, not definitions
Unless you think that anything that isn't a baby girl is not life?
Kind of a weird place to draw the line, if you ask me
@@jiiig8667 How embarrassing, get off the internet for a while ok. 🙃
@@mister_ttt oh you got me. Haha.
My first thought was that defining Life is too broad and personal of a question. Everybody has their own idea on it.
I know what Life is NOT and it isn't a machine.
Plus, if one is to really attempt to cross the Rubicon and try becoming a Dr. Frankenstein they really should step away from the computer or laboratory for a while. 😉
If you believe in evolution, I got a tower in Paris I can sell you cheap.
I would like to know more about this cheap tower.