New 2020! A Southbound & Down drive through Seattle's Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel.
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- Опубліковано 5 лют 2025
- "The State Route 99 tunnel, also known as the Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel, is a bored highway tunnel in the city of Seattle, Washington, United States. The 2-mile (3.2 km), double-decker tunnel carries a section of State Route 99 (SR 99) under Downtown Seattle from SoDo in the south to South Lake Union in the north.
Since the 2001 Nisqually earthquake, the replacement of the Alaskan Way Viaduct had been the source of much political controversy demonstrating the Seattle process. Options for replacing the viaduct, which carried 110,000 vehicles per day, included either replacing it with a cut-and-cover tunnel, replacing it with another elevated highway, or eliminating it while modifying other surface streets and public transportation. The current plan emerged in 2009 when government officials agreed to a deep-bore tunnel.
Construction began in July 2013 using "Bertha", at the time the world's largest-diameter tunnel boring machine. After several delays, tunnel boring was completed in April 2017, and the tunnel opened to traffic on February 4, 2019.
The SR 99 tunnel is a single tube that measures 9,270 feet (2,830 m) long and 52 feet (16 m) wide, carrying a double-decker highway that is 32 feet (9.8 m) wide and has two lanes in each direction.[4][5][6] Each deck has two 11-foot (3.4 m) lanes, an 8-foot (2.4 m) west shoulder, and a 2-foot (0.61 m) east shoulder.[7] The decks are designed with banks of two degrees in turns and four-degree grades to facilitate designed speeds of 50 miles per hour (80 km/h).[8][9] Below the highway decks are utility lines and mechanical spaces for the tunnel's ventilation, lighting, and fire suppression systems.[10]
The tunnel has 15 emergency refuge areas located every 650 feet (200 m) with escape routes that lead to the north and south portals. Variable message signs and emergency phones are also located throughout the entire tunnel.[9] The tunnel is monitored by over 300 security cameras that are fed into a WSDOT traffic control center in Shoreline that can dispatch incident response teams.[8][11] In the event of a fire, a set of fiber optic cables in the ceiling would sense heat and activate sprinklers.[12] A set of large fans located in the two portal operations buildings would then force smoke out through a set of 40-foot (12 m) ventilation shafts.[8][13] The tunnel also has repeaters for cell phone and FM radio service; WSDOT can override the latter for emergency broadcasts."
The tunnel begins south of Downtown Seattle in the SoDo neighborhood,
adjacent to the Port of Seattle's container ship terminal and the city's two outdoor sports stadiums, CenturyLink Field and T-Mobile Park. SR 99 enters the tunnel after passing Royal Brougham Way and a future interchange with Alaskan Way at South Dearborn Street located adjacent to the south maintenance area and ventilation shaft.[14] An additional set of ramps connect to South Royal Brougham Way and the East Frontage Road that terminates a block south at Atlantic Street. The tunnel carries two lanes of southbound traffic on its upper deck and two lanes of northbound traffic on its lower deck,[7] and functions as a complete bypass of Downtown Seattle with no intermediate exits; it has a posted speed limit of 45 miles per hour (72 km/h).
The tunnel travels northwesterly under Pioneer Square and Downtown Seattle, generally following 1st Avenue.[14] It reaches its deepest point at Virginia Street, approximately 211 feet (64 m) below street level, and begins its turn north through parts of Belltown and the Denny Triangle.[15] The tunnel emerges at a portal located west of Aurora Avenue and north of Harrison Street, adjacent to a tunnel operations building. SR 99 continues onto Aurora Avenue and crosses over Mercer Street, while an onramp allows access to the tunnel from 6th Avenue and an offramp carries tunnel traffic to Republican Street in South Lake Union.
The SR 99 tunnel is tolled with a variable rate that changes based on time of the day, number of vehicle axles, and payment method. Tolls are collected electronically, with a lower rate for Good to Go pass users and a higher rate for scanned plates that are sent a bill in the mail.[16] Tolling began on 9 November 2019, with the rate for two-axle vehicles set at $1 to $2.25 for Good to Go users and $3 to $4.25 for pay-by-mail users.[17][18] The start of tolling was delayed by several months due to vendor issues and the viaduct demolition running behind schedule.[19] Toll collection is expected to yield $22 million in annual revenue, which will cover 6 percent of the construction costs of the tunnel megaproject and its debts; the toll-collection vendor will be paid $16 million for system setup and $29 million over a five-year period.[20] Beginning in 2022, the toll rates will increase by three percent annually with approval from the state transportation commission." Wikipedia
What Happened To The Old Viaduct On And Off Ramps?