What's Actually Inside the Earth's Core?
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- Опубліковано 25 чер 2024
- Curious what's truly at the center of the Earth? Thanks to some amazing scientific insights, we know a lot about the interior of our planet - even though we’ve never even made it through the crust. Join Hank Green for a fun new geological episode of SciShow!
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Image Sources:
tinyurl.com/tl4e8r7
tinyurl.com/s4aoyet
tinyurl.com/rfovk9gf
tinyurl.com/y9cw3fog
tinyurl.com/t7yq4hq
tinyurl.com/yx6swomt
tinyurl.com/vbfecde
tinyurl.com/snejm4x
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tinyurl.com/tyft2zg
tinyurl.com/tzkah4c
Recycled crust also makes good croutons.
Pragmatic Cynicism earth is made of bread, maybe that’s why existence is pain
Cherie Rose damn bro...
@@cherierose356 i love this, this is superior
@@cherierose356 esistence is pain because we live in a world that has materialistic values.
@@thedarkdragon1437 deep
HANK: "Space is see-through; rock is not."
NEUTRINO: "Speak for yourself."
Would have been funnier if you didn't force it into that tired ass meme format but still funny!
August West this is UA-cam, the home of tired ass meme formats.
@@augustwest5356 So just rewrote it to be pithier though unapologetically again forced into t.a. meme format. Without a no-brained template I tend to drift into 500 plus word pieces requiring of the reader both extraordinary patience and an appreciation for a somewhat understated style of humor. To my discredit I have recently decided to concentrate on the easier type, given that scores or even hundreds of likes for 1 or 2 minutes of typing (what with me having sausages for fingers) is less likely to disappoint than 1 or 2 likes for 10, 20 or more minutes of typing and revising.
Was looking for this, thanks
Rock is not see through. Light cannot travel through rock. Neutrinos are not photons therefore neutrinos being able to pass through rock has nothing to do with being see through because neutrinos are not particles of light.
"Drill through a weak spot in the crust"...
...do you want Kaiju? Because that's how you get Kaiju.
Definitely gonna spawn a Kaiju. If you only get a Kaiju, consider it a blessing.
@Anna안나 Godzilla is a Kaiju... it's literally "strange creature" but generally refers to a class of monster in the vein of Godzilla. My reference was more Pacific Rim, though.
@@damien4197 YES ah I hoped it was a Pacific Rim reference. I freaking love that movie
Lol
Ayy archer
Dear Hank, reading the comments, I strongly recommend a crash course geology.
If you’re watching on a phone, you can hold your finger up behind the bottom of the screen and it’s like there’s a happy little Hank finger puppet talking to you.
I only slept 2 hours last night...
I tried it. You’re not wrong.
Slept just less than 5 hours last night.
same difference those two hours of sleep made you yoda!
That is dumb, but more important hilarious.
I don't get it...
@@existenceisillusion6528 turn your phone to have it go full screen, then put the end of your finger behind your phone.
"Space is see-through, rock is not." - Hank Green, 2020
Quartz: Am I a joke to you?
But is it
Vsauce music
Lulz
AxxL god damnit AxxL get out of here
Someone write that down, put it in a book.😂
I'm not fat... I just live in a high gravity anomaly zone...
As for drilling, the USSR drilled the 12km deep Kola superdeep borehole near the border with Norway in the 1970s, but stopped when the drill heads kept failing because of the high temperature of the rock at that depth; they reported that is behaved more like plastic, and as a machinist, I can attest to the difficulty of cutting plastic (it's softer than metal, but the swarf likes to get jammed up in the flutes of the cutter). Still quite impressive, especially for the time.
I just came from the scishow video about this!! lol
That's a lot of potential for heating in cold climates tbh
The fact that it behaved like plastic is fascinating, because the rock in the mantle is in fact bizarrely plasticky in its behavior.
@@ObamanableSnowmanWe use it, but its not that much more efficient than just using a regular heat exchanger using air. And the initial investment is quite large.
geology made me used to the words “crust” and “cleavage”. it also taught me that identifying rocks is rlly difficult
Hehe cleavage
Regular people : rock is rock!
I was shocked that there wasn't an app for rock identification!!
Apparently I'm a natural then, because I have no problem at all identifying rocks. I still think I should've pursued a degree in Geology, the professor even told me so after the class, but I had my head up my ass.
Classic rock, blues rock, punk rock, arena rock, indy rock, etc? Yeah, the lines are blurred sometimes.
1 - Drilling
2 - Surface Rocks
3-Seismic Waves
4-Eletromagnetic anomalies
5-Lab Experiaments
6-Gravitacional Anomalies
7 - Meteorites
tysm bro i needed this for school
These videos are what encouraged me to switch from a law to a geoscience degree and now I get to use this video as a source for one of my assignments about the ways we know the structure of the Earth! Just thought it was kinda wholesome
That’s a horrible decision! Switch back.
What a god awful decision, I hope you reflect properly on this
The earth's core is hollow and full of dodo birds, that's why when we killed the ones on the surface it caused a global warming
But I guess we left some stranded
Huh. Yep seems legit.
What people don't realize is that they moved down there to avoid the rule of the Reptilians. However, the reptilians left earth awhile ago. Reptilians are a powerful race, but not even they can go up against the forces of conspiratorialists, flat-earthiers and anti-vaxxers combined. The alien conspiratorialists and flat-earthers are onto them, and the anti-vaxxers ruined their military budget by refusing to buy into 'big Pharma'.
Lets use our heads people. The earth can't be hollow if it is flat.
@@iszslayermaxx9912 Tell that to your mom, she's hollow and flat at the same time
SciShow!
I really enjoy this Hank's presentation style.
Clear & Enthusiastic!
love
Steve Holliday
"Space is see-through"
Cosmic Background Radiation would like a word.
Our instruments pick up these interferences but our eyes can't, so it is technically "see-though" ;)
@@jayhill2193 Ah, technically correct, the best kind of correct ;)
This channel is deep down in my heart .
Someday, when I have the income to become a Patron, I'm gonna binge AAAAAAALLLLLL of the blooper backlog. That's going to be some of the best weeks of my life. My sides and cheeks will hurt SO much! XD
This is cool. When talking about seismic waves, no matter how fancy your vernacular, you're still explaining things in Lehmann's terms.
Is Lehmann the German who invented the phrase, "Layman's terms"?
You win the internet!!! 😝
It's not a vernacular, it's a derby .. doibey?... Whatever, the way curly says it!!
This video should be called "we have no idea what is inside the earth"
The math needed to translate seismic waves into 3D images can also be used to analyze CT scans, ultrasounds, and MRIs, with some variations. So what good is it to study the interior of the Earth? It can save lives in the ER!
As a geologist, a few thoughts:
1. Missing a drilling target by 300m is bad drilling
2. 1.4km is a pretty shallow well
3. As my old igenous petrology professor, and, as Hank tells us, there's an awful lot of information you can get from extrusive igneous rocks (basalts etc.)
4. Geologists love drilling anomalies (or, bulls eye's as they look on EM etc. maps)!
The word on the street
that a bomb was detonated at the Mariana trench creating that fateful day that caused the Fukushima earthquake disaster
Want to know who was there at the Mariana trench, people?
Well,...wasn't that "1.4km" well drilled under miles of ocean? Just sayin'...
@@LEDewey_MD We drill in deep water all the time. Now, not that deep, but I doubt that it is that much different.
@@richardhaselwood9478 There's quite a bit more heat 300 meters from the crust/mantle boundary compared to the normal bore depth for deep ocean drilling.
I am pretty sure the people working in this understand what they were doing, and that there were way more factors to it than what you are assuming.
1.4 km is actually pretty good in hard, crystalline basaltic rock. And so close to a spreading ridge, the thermal gradient is pretty steep, which quickly gives the drill bits a hard time.
Great to see some lesser known geophysical methods be represented here!
Although I would have appreciated a bit more representative pictures of mantle xenoliths (spinel/garnet-peridotite) instead of the highly altered something shown at 02:48.
Vulcano True. Although I was a bit disappointed by his description of magnetotellurics.
9:40 i can't believe people are really using x-ray exploits to find generated structures in 2020....
better hope that the devs patch it in the next update
I'll guess the cheaters uses it to find diamonds too... they should be banned!
@@braydenrudin7104 They must use future client and to toggle.
I want to see WW3 be fought by people crouching and head glitching and act entirely like they're in CS:GO.
@@lanamarieparrilla1173 Imagine someone b-hopping through the battlefield
Too bad it isn't possible to turn off generated structures so people stop cheating...
the fact that you have a lot of people who deny science... really blows my mind
Japan? Hawaii?
I smell something...
Thats what i was thinking too
Pearl Har- hmm yeah, very perplexing.
lol scrolled down looking for this comment right after he said that
Tectonic plates?
@@duanewente457 me too!
To quote the Movie "The Core" Space is easy it's empty"
Jonathan Borley We can never truly have empty space
I shook my head a lot during that movie.
@@sophierobinson2738 it isn't that bad though...but... Yeah...
Oh
strange movie that was
Thanks for all the info. Always happy to learn the different methods scientists use to get around problems, and even though I knew a few of these methods, I learned about a few others :) great content, keep it up!
this man is one of the best speakers in the world he’s better than news anchors
Garrett Hembree love me some Hank Green!
*Question:* What will grow, if you plant an electrode in the ground?
*Answer:* Your understanding of the Earth's magnetic field.
Worms
Electreecity
I dig this.
Ed:
"Dig a hole, dig a hole . . ."
Some Russians drilled a hole several miles down and had to stop because the drill head kept melting under the heat and pressure. They didn't even get through the crust.
@@Sizukun1 Yea, that's what happens when you try to drill through land crust. It's WAY thicker than ocean crust in both directions.
@@Sizukun1 - Since it was a hole, there would be no pressure change from that of the surface. The reason the heat was so high, was that they drilled on a fault. Faults create frictional heat from ground shifting. If they had drilled past the fault, they would have seen the temperature drop again.
and we find a lot of maggots
Whoa? So inner core is actually solid? Heh, I learn new thing. Nice
We don't know that either. It could easily be a null pressure point between the diverging fields.
But do we know what's inside your heart, Hank?
Nope we don't let's dig a hole to find out
Mostly blood and muscle
Secret panda bear zoo?
My guess would be blood, muscle, and his family.
#8 Creative mode; Remove Bedrock :Command:
Since I was little I always asked myself how we know that there's a solid core and some liquid layers down there since we've definitely not drilled a hole through the whole earth (or have we?)
Thanks for this informative video 🌍
We have not done that, which is why we don't actually know what's in the Earth's core. It's all theories and should be taught that way in school instead of as fact. A significant amount of science taught to our children is still just theoretical but it's always presented as fact because it's part of the indoctrination of future wageslaves who will believe whatever is on TV and comply with any and all tyrannical mandate regardless of how absurd. Wearing useless cloth masks, for example.
Science invests a lot of time, money, effort and tedious experiments that yield...very little useful information. I have been teaching for over 25 years, and when I, like Lena started to ask similar questions I have been discouraged to find most assertions in geology are based on no more than imaginative reasoning instead of observable science. If there is no observable proof, it shouldn't be published it in textbooks.
@@gwenbliss129 It makes me smile to hear of a teacher realising that we are spreading a lot of nonsense.
Sci show at its awesome best, again. Well done, guys
The last bit with the zircon crystals and the hafnium, that's some nobel prize thinking right there
I still the love the intro music
1:02 - There's a difference between "we DO know" and a theory that seems to adequately explain observed phenomena. The reality is that in every theory there are a number of factors that have to be left unaccounted for when an explanation can't account for opposing possibilities.
The truth is we don't know what the core is made out of, how it works, if/what the layering is made out of. I've seen nothing but hypothesis and "theories" but there is scant tangible evidence in which modern science has yet again thrown away the Scientific Method for academic groupthink.
Indeed, this "map" of the Earth's layers seems even more theoretical than atomic particles
The mention of the IODP and Joides Resolution makes me happy because my former Geophysics professor was on that cruise and now heads the IODP's Research and Technology Division :)
This episode was EPIC!
Iron Snow, my new band name...
Gotta be honest, I came more to watch the dumpster fire in the comment section than the actual video...
Lots of fascinating info! Thanks!
Brilliant video. Super interesting! Thanks 😊
7:00 I was half expecting a spaceship to fly across the background.
When I was 12 I started writing a book, in which, the central core of the earth was actually a GIANT MULTIDIMENSIONAL CABBAGE PLOTTING TO TAKE OUT THE HUMAN RACE
Please finish this book and publish it. I started writing a book when I worked at a Dominos which was the Bible of a pagan religion in which I was a Demi-god. My name was Adonius and each morning I held a 1/3 lexan (restaurant container) to the sun and it’s rays shone through and crisped the pepperoni across the land. I’m still kicking myself for not finishing it.
Oh wow, I had no idea that we came that close to reaching the mantle (#1), that's really interesting and impressive!
(1:32) At 7.6 miles, the *Kola Superdeep Borehole* is the deepest bore hole since 1989. There have been longer bore holes, but none as deep. *IODP* drilling through a thin spot on the ocean floor is something of a shortcut by comparison, but even that came up short at just over 1 mile deep (not counting ocean depth).
An anomaly in Alabama...who would've thought...
Joke's on you, the Earth is actually hollow!
Like a flat-earther's skull
Early Easter joke?😄
No, see- We actually live on the inside of the sphere and the entire galaxy fills the interior
Earth's a donut! How many times do I need to tell people this?! NASA's been lying to us for decades! Wear your tinfoil hats so you don't get brainwashed by HAARP, fellow donut denizens!
@@pronounjow Donuts living in a donut... 🤔
Scientist : *crack open earth crust
Scientist : Why do I hear boss music?
*Massive health bar appears in the sky
You might like to have a show on how oil companies look inside the earth before they drill.
"Space is see-through."
>Black Hole has left the chat
Well a black hole isn't space now is it. It's a object that just wants to be hugged by everything
@@ARM0RP0WER A black-hole is a *_region_* where the space-time fabric bends completely
I'd love to see a picture of an actual molten world still in its primordial years. I wonder how long it will be before we get one.
Pure imagination.
I'll put my estimate at 5-10 years
Hank: Space is see-through, rock is not.
Me: Hold my NVidia control panel.
I feel like I need this again but slowly
I think we all know the dislikes are from flat earthers
Tom S. Hate to think there are that many but you are most likely correct
And some hollow earthers, some ice-core earthers. 🤦♀️ and they are serious!
I came to the comments just to see if there were any hollow earth or flat earth comments to laugh at 😂
"When the going gets werid, the weird turn pro." - Hunter S. Thompson
You mean like Graham Hancock? 🤣
Thank you Hank Cooper.
It is very informative video, thank you
8:36 missingno appeared.
Where was this last week when I was lecturing on this...
The drilling idea is going to be tried again soon. Using a specific kind of lasing it is possible to burn through rock very much faster than drilling, without clogging drillbits or melting the bits.
Thanks!
"Unfortunately the Earth isn't see-through"
Neutrino: *Hold my beer*
Actually neutrino-based tomography is a method in development for studying structures inside Earth :)
When we can’t see we use other things that tell us
I see the world thru my bum hole, so I cant wear and pants and I hate taking a poo because it hurts.
I want a fling excrement like a chimp and screech indiscernible profanity while leaping among the neighbours leilandi trees.
First timer, subbed... I really enjoyed this video ty
Imagine how fun scientific papers were if they used terms such as "crust stuff" and "mantle stuff"
Yassss that should be a thing
There are places on Earth with slightly less gravity? I would like to weigh myself only there from now on, please.
Could you do a video on the Frey effect? It's an effect where apparently people can hear microwave radiation in certain circumstances, even if they're deaf. Unfortunately, there doesn't seem to be many videos on this topic, and they seem to be riddled with crazy conspiracy theorists.
I should add that I taste this metallic taste even without contrast. I've had enough to already know what to expect with contrast and the only thing I experience with that is feeling like I've peed myself. lolol
Thanks :D
Best video on the topic
did you not mention the kola deep bore drilling hole thingy under the "drill" topic?
VALLEY Beat me to it, don’t know why it wasn’t in this video
THANK U....he may need an intern! Oh...he is? Ok...😂🤣
It might be because they tried to drill through a section of continental crust and didn't get at close to the mantle as a result. The Kola hole only made it a third of the way through; the Atlantic borehole was only 300 meters from it's goal and may have a chance with better equipment.
@@Utubesux He's the executive producer for the channel...
@@mikefelber5129 kola wasnt trying to reach the mantle or understand the larger internal structure of the earth. they didnt even make it halfway thru to the mantle, and while it is still the furthest down we have drilled other projects have drilled longer holes or drilled closer to the mantle. they chose to highlight projects that were attempting to reach the mantle and were really close to doing so.
Magnetic Abnormalities...
Me watching Stranger Things :O
Even after explaining all of this, I still think there's a chance the center of Earth is much different than what we think it is.
We are learning about this right now in school
ThE eArTh Is HoLlOw
Militant Pacifist no it’s filled with donuts and tacos
I really like Hank, but I haven't seen micheal in a while. Why isn't he hosting anymore?
He was hosting a video very recently, maybe two videos ago.
excellent content
Great content👍
MOLTEN MOLTEN THE MANTLE ISNT MOLTEN!!!!
It's a hyper hyper hyper viscous fluid a million million times more viscous then honey
It is 1-5% molten not completely
This makes me want to eat mantle now.
Exactly! The mantle is almost entirely crystalline, and pretty much solid at human timescales, it only flows at timescales of thousands or millions of years through the internal deformation (creep) of its crystals.
My god!
Where you get that idea, ???
@@wildone9561 are you pulling my leg or do you genuinely not know
Either is fine but i have to know how to respond to this because it's hard to get tone from a comment
@@evilturnip8365
owild497@gm....
The mantle will have be solid for the Planet to stay in one piece.
An it will have to be Hollow, if it wasn't we'd have no Magnetic field
Period.
NOT TRUE: I dug myself to China once to get out of eating vegetables and I shook the hand of a baby Panda and then came back home.
Love the video! 💜 But uhh Lutetium decays into Hafnium? Isn’t it the other way around? 10:28
When atoms decay by emitting a beta particle (an electron), their atomic number actually *increase* by one. In other words, a neutron is converted to a proton.
Leonardo dos Reis Gama Ohhh! Yeah, makes sense. Thanks! 💜
there is no other way beacause hf178 is stable, there are other erro tho
Traveling to the moon to study it is like a walk in the park compared to studying the Earth's core from the comfort of the Earth's surface.
The Japanese and Hawaii. I wonder how this will go...
The project starts on December 7th.
WWII vets: 😦😐
Trying to reach the highly-pressurized mass of molten rock by drilling through the weakest points in the crust?
Can't imagine anything that could go wrong there. lol
You mean like in a volcano?
Rock is not molten in the mantle (because of pressure)and, if you put a lot of pressure on a solid except for one point , the solid on these point will stay pressurized because of all the lateral pressure (si won't melt) no worry , the scientists are suite carefull with that (besides there are tons of year round active volacanoes in the océan which does not harm anyone : all the mid ocean ridges are made of that )
@@berenicesaquet1870 Thanks - I just KNEW given this channel's viewership that someone would point this out. Of course you're correct - but my comment was not actually serious nor directed at regular SciShow types but rather mischieviously targeted clickbait-prone viewers. I hoped to satisfy their craving for fear-stoking content with possiblties ranging from Japanese scientific drilling expeditions unleashing a montrous lava-spewing Godzilla equivalent, to an end-of-days cataclysmic undersea eruption, or both. ;-)
@@ProfezorSnayp Yeah, that ... or Japanese scientist awakening and releasing LAVAZILLA!
So much info😊😊
We've used microgravity surveys to find all kinds of things, like karstic terrain, buried bedrock vallies, and subsurface voids.
Lol cracking the Earths crust with a nuke 😂
i support this
Yeah we all wanna know exactly what's down there but nuking anything is ALWAYS a bad idea. Why not just pour oil all over a big ass pile of coal and try and burn through the crust if were gonna destroy the planet any further. If you're gonna go stupid you might as well go big.
Man, that's a lot of "Stuff"
As a man who likes to live on land, it would be interesting to know why we don't live under water when it comes to "rocks" floating on magma.
Maybe you can do a 7 ways we know about biology (transport membranes, neurotransmitter function) or chemistry (not the stuff they teach the history of in chem class, but how we know about electron orbitals, or hydroxide shifts, etc)
What's so tough about drilling to the canter of a pancake? Earth be flat, y'all.
Tuttt! Not funny.
@@julianaylor4351 Not funny because I shouldn't make light of the fact that a disturbing # of internet viewers have actually subscribed to this preposterous notion? Or not funny because you happen to believe that and don't want to be made fun of? EITHER way I find your reply hilarious - thanks. LOL!
@Julia Naylor Actually I may owe you an apology because I failed to consider the third and most likely interpretation of your reply - i.e. that it simply failed to be funny. A weak attempt at humor that fell flat (if you'll pardon the expression). So.. most likely my bad. (in which case, - all things considered -is in itself kinda funny...)
ThE EaRTh iS FlAt
If you believe that, your brain may be flattening...it's all in your head...seek help asap!
“Fiat”? It’s a crappy French car? How odd.
When someone on the internet says something iN ThIs MaTtEr, it means they are being ironic. I don’t actually believe that b
Luis Merchan Well, the alternate case of the letters looked rather like the auto name to me. Correlating crappy car to crappy idea. Maybe I should have used that mechanism instead....
Nice to get a Scishow episode about the planet that doesn't mention climate change, drinking game postponed.
That was deep
"The molten mantle"
Wtf ? We have known for almost a century that the mantle is solid. With hard physical evidence.
Paul - What is that hard physical evidence?
@@freemind..S-waves are a kind of seismic waves that can't traverse liquids. We detect them almost all over the world, meaning there has to be only solid matter between the point of the earthquake and the recording station. There is a small shadow corresponding to the relatively small outer core
7:20 No please! Don't feed the young earth creationists :P
Wait til they find all the free water that's not locked up in minerals. Then we'll see whose left scratching their head looking baffled..
Sure would be nice to have a Crash Course: Geology, don't you think?
Just out of curiosity, who composed your theme song? It definitely fits.