How an electric locomotive works...
Вставка
- Опубліковано 8 вер 2024
- Electric locomotives have provided hauling power to trains since 1837. Unlike steam and diesel locomotives, electric locomotives do not carry their fuel on board. Rather, fuel could be located 100s of km away at an electric power station, in the form of coal or other energy sources, and delivered to the locomotive through wires.
An electric locomotive is essentially a box full of transformers and semiconductors that converts electricity collected from external sources to the desired voltage to drive the traction motors.
Train Simulator 2015 (64% discount) available from: goo.gl/BzoKMD
For filming Train action try SJCam SJ4000 12MP Wi-Fi Action Camera available from: goo.gl/FRdVhB
Thank you. Your voice is very very calm and relaxing unlike a lot of teachers.
Thank you from the USA for this most informative video. We do not have many overhead-electric locomotives left on our railways (virtually all that are functional are for the sake of historical preservation.)
Erik S. Thank you for appreciating...
Love it , this thing is my entire course regarding drives and power electronics at my Uni in Germany
udit saxena Thank you 😊
This was exatcly the cursory but substantial overview I was looking for. Thank you for making this good video.
explained good, calm voice, everything i need is in this video. keep it up
Glad it helped
Simple and easy to understand
I enjoyed the video and the animation. Your voice is calm and clear, like all educational videos should be. Thanks for making and posting this video.
Thank you for your encouraging comments
xxxxx
The Train Story dhfjfjd
Gk
M
As per my observation, electric locomotive trains needs high starting torque and variable speed at constant torque in any loads. these points are fulfilled by inverter based Ac drives. By the way i have seen resistor banks on top of the train to desipate the back emf of induction motors.Hence there must be used AC drive system as shown this video. AC to DC conversion is needed to switching semiconductor devices to achieve variable frequency and voltage.usually IGBT used to achieve this and converted into AC .
Very good and very "compact" explanation of the most modern system:
25 kV / 50 Hz --> Transformer --> Rectifier --> DC-Link or DC-Bus --> DC/AC (3 Phase) variable frequency converter --> (3P) AC-Motor (asynchronous/synchronous).
But from 1912 to the late 1970s the standard in Mid-Europe was to use 1 phase AC-series-wound motors, which where supplied bei a transformer with multiple taps. And this system is the reason for the (from todays view) odd system with low frequency AC (16 2/3 Hz, now 16,7 Hz):
15 kV / 16,7 Hz --> Transformer with a lot of taps --> big mechanical switch to select the taps --> 1 phase AC-series-wound motor
At the beginning of the last century this system was revoluntionary efficient, because it does not use resistors (which just produce heat) like DC-systems and the current was quite small (because of the high voltage). And you don't need any rectifiers (which could only build stationary at that time, because they were mercury-rectifiers) at all.
But the down-side is of course, that you need a second 16,7 Hz distribution system all over the country ...
... which Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Sweden and Norway still have to drive their trains.
Thanks Stefan for the exhaustive information. AC Electric traction in India was a collaborative effort with the French. But our first batch of AC electrics used 25 KV/50 Hz with DC motors that required rectifiers. The present lot are German collaboration (ABB) and use AC-AC 3 phase systems
i love this. Now trains are running in electric. very useful video
Thanks for the lesson of ETLV really cool
I wanted to know about this and here I got the perfect video to demonstrate the working of Electric locomotives.
They should try converting railway into a factory , hospital , lodging rooms, science labs, , military weapons carrier ,Power House , water purifier , kitchen even school or class room.moving school etc..that is useful in situations of disasters or critical areas..
Could you upload locomotives breaking systems
Good video and upload more about electrical trains
I wouldn’t ever think about touching the main OHW (over head wire). Here it will be 25000vc going through you. Blood boils at that type of current
😊
Very nice presentation! I like it!
Sir,You are simply defined it's topic.👍👍👍
that was really cool,
can you also tell us about the new P5 & P7 one's, they seem to have some different kind of cooling units as their shell is completely covered unlike the other electric engine's, & also about the secret of their so much power too
Tarun Sanghavi they use 3 phase squirrel cage induction motors instead of DC motors like wap4 hence they have better performance
Why alternating current is convrted into direct current and then again convert it into alternating current by using converters..you should have explained it! Anyhow inorder to get desired frequency of voltage they convert alternating current into direct current and then it converts into alternating current by using PMW techniques,so that they get desired frequency of voltage.
same here
An electric locomotive, like a bicycle, is a transmission system, not a powerplant. But I love them...
Indian Rail traction system is upgraded by 3 phase squirrel cage induction motor. So We direct give AC power to the traction motor
Awesome video sir.
I have a doubt. Traction motors really needs cooling fan? I think the motors are open to atmosphere and while in speed, air can cool the motors. May be fan is required to cool the motors when loco is standstill.
You make a good point... I saw some technical drawings mention these fans as being for cooling traction motors
@@TheTrainStory Oh ok. Then I think traction motors do need cooling fans. It is difficult to see the requirements like the designer has seen.
your voice in the video is very clear....and I injoy it.....
Very useful and informative. Thank you.
Useful during lockdown
beautiful one...
wow! In the beginning of the video 0:6 - 0:9, GOOTY WDP 40 locomotive is there
Yes, indeed ... :)
Your videos are short and informative, and that's really good, cheers 👍🏻
I'm still waiting to see WAPs here in my hometown
Thanks Sir...
Very good. Thanks.
I have a question what's the use of converting ac to dc from the power transformer and inverting to ac again why we can directly give it to traction motor from secondary side of the transformer
The power line deliver a fixed frequency (50 or 60Hz) AC and the motor also uses AC motor.
If they directly use line frequency then they can't control the train speed because AC motor speed tied to power frequency.
So, they have to convert the power to DC first and a power inverter reconvert back to AC with different frequency they they needs.
DC only serves as the link between both AC line and AC motor.
Make video on maglev, hyperloop and bullet train working
Planning....
@@TheTrainStory from which software u design this train animation
According to this video, from the transformer, the supply AC current is converted into DC by using rectifiers, and further it is converted into 3 ph AC using inverters. So here AC is ultimately converted into AC, then why the rectifier is needed?
And my another question is that, is the supply AC is single phase or 3 phase?
AC power from 1 phase to 3 phases previously needed a rectifier, why? Because the current AC converter from 1 to 3 phase AC does not yet exist, a rectifier is needed because the rectifier can work with several electrical phases, either 1, 2, 3, even 6 phases if using a rectifier will produce DC electricity that can be converted into phase required.
The electricity supply from the overhead line to the electric locomotive/train uses 1 phase electricity, while the traction motor uses 3 phases which must pass through the rectifier and inverter first.
That's a bit of knowledge and opinion
Thanks sir keep it up and helping us
good explaination. I liked it.
Cool accent and nice explaining (i'm gonna use this as a resource for a report)
There is a lot of information missing. So let me get this straight. The electric motors are AC motors that have variable power needs. How is the AC current modified, with variable pulse wave electricity? You can't change the amperage or the voltage to a motor except changing the phase feed but that means you are stuck with a handful of fixed motor speeds. Your locomotive needs a flat wave pulse modulator between the rectifier and the motor otherwise your motor burns out.
You can infinitely vary at DC stage. Post-invertor AC will have similar wattage. The AC-AC transmission is actually AC-DC-AC.
Nice explained in approx 2 and a half min
Super
I like this video
How the reverse mechanism work in EMU and diesel locomotives ie: going in reverse direction
Nice explanation
why do u have to connect the transformer to axle brush? what's the point of it? I saw that the traction motors are connected with in 3 phase with primary inverter so im asking what the point of connection from transformer to axle brush? sorry im beginner only
If we touch the rail tracks then do we feel shock ?
What about the third rail DC electric locos (eg the old class 73 BR locos that ran on Southern tracks)?
I really wanna take one of these appart one day
So to build and service this locomotive, knowledge of power electronics is required?
still vague
why are we using rectifier and then inverter again, complicating the engine, why not use open-delta transformation to get 3 phase a.c.
what kind of motors are auxiliary motors (synchronous, induction or other motor)
Open delta presents some undesirable characteristics, such as currents not being equal, and the 3 phases not being 120 degrees apart. The B-phase, sometimes known as the "wild leg" or "high leg" is often well above 120 volts. Since nobody needs fried motors, buggered lighting systems, HVAC systems that don't H, V, or AC, they do not use open delta transformation. Using rectifiers and then inverters is costly up-front, but offers a world of dependability and reliability with predictability and familiarity if something does go wrong.
Stan Patterson - appreciate your reply
The supply voltage is 50Hz single phase AC but the motors need 16 ⅔ Hz 3 phase AC
AC current is first converted to DC by rectifiers. This DC current is again converted to AC by inverter circuit. The frequency of this converted AC current can be varied to change motor speed. And hence train speed.
N1kh1l B frequency can't be used for controlling the speed.
and when we want to change the direction of travel , what must we do ? how can we that doing ?
nice explanation and good voice
3 phase ac motors are being used in P7 and G9 rest are 15250A type D.C. motors.
be clear about your topic
Very nice
Well done! Thanks!!
Very very informative.
nice & very informative video. 👍👍 pls keep on posting such videos
Only one wire are touched to the engine from supply line then where it get other polarity?(is it get minus voltage from train ground?)
Sepiyan Siva it's earthen through the rails.
By taking EEE can v join for railway..
More detailed animation in simple way
good,make more videos about electrical trains
Wonder how often the brush's have to be replaced
Great Video !! Well Explained
simple and perfect
nice presentation
make more videos I love trains
Supply line voltage is dc not ac. Dc can't be step down with transformer.
DC traction is virtually non existent today.
I agree with you
thanks for knowledge 😃
From wer will take the negative connection.... Because the substation was providing positive connection... Which will be the negative
Which type of conductors use in electrical train lines
Normally household have main and neutral power supply. How EMU it works?
Nice video, are you sure about electric locomotives in 1837?
Yes...
The Train Story sxf.
A
Wide World of Trains no first train in 1879 in west german
i think a little machine was built in 1832 or 37 and then destroyed by rail workers but it sounds soo wild
so i bet 1879
There were experiments in 1830s and 1840s of locomotives using electricity, but the electric motors of the time were not real efficient, and there were no generators available, so they used voltaic piles (primitive batteries) to provide electricity. The first efficent locomotive was built by Siemens decades later, as he was able to build a useful DC generator.
Hi there.i simply not get your last point which is related to compressor and transformer!? Sorry but I couldn't get it.
thanks video
And what about third rail or on some systems - London Underground - forth rail systems then?
Most subway / metro / underground systems use 3rd rail DC systems in 600 to 750 volts. The same DC voltage range is standard for trams (and with second conductor for trolly busses). In Mason city Iowa USA there is a short connecting railroad using trolley pole DC locomotives on same system. UA-cam has a number of videos of this line.
where the impedance mismatch occurs and how it mitigate
Thanks
If you touch the rail, when the train passes, can you get electrocuted?
No, the Rails are grounded so there is no Voltage between them and the Ground you are standing on. Touching Rails when a Train passes may result in more "mechanical" Injuries tho.
@@Genius_at_Work , but the train creates electric current from the generator/motor to the ground - through the wheels. Then there are ground wires on every XY meters attached to the rails. What if you make contact to the rail (from the side) when wheels pass you by. Then you would "short circuit" it, right?
how many motors used in locomotives ?
Santosh Kulkarni There is no fixed number. Depending the requirement, a locomotive can have between 4-6 traction motors.
good video
Which type of motor is used in traction? Ac or Dc..
Interesting. How is the motor speed varied. AC motors run at a speed determined by the frequency. Is this frequency varied by all that circuitry?
By the voltage and frequency supplied by the inverters.
Frequency and voltage control. This is why we convert ac into dc and then ac with a different frequency
Which is the power full engine
in traction dc series motor is used right....so how come 3 phase ac supply from inverters is able to drive them???or are universal motors used nowadays??
Kshitiz Sinha Thyristor controlled induction motors can also be used.which satisfies the load characteristics..
Kshitiz Sinha now traction motor is replaced with AC 3 phase induction motor..
Wait, so the 9verhewd wires deliver ac power which gets converted to dc, which in turn gets converted back to ac... But why? Its makes no sense
Paul Hojda
The power line deliver a fixed frequency (50 or 60Hz) AC and the motor also uses AC motor.
The locomotive engine speed need to be increased/decreased during travelling. But the problem is AC motor's speed is locked to the supply frequency.
So, they have to convert the power to DC first and a power inverter reconvert back to AC with different frequency.
DC only serves as the link between AC line and AC motor.
Please add some more info.
But... We cant see these power lines everywhere.. Why is that?
nice video g
Nic vdo,thx Sir
why is AC converted to DC and again back to 3 phase AC? why not use the AC directly?
Because the Traction Motors in most (if not all) modern Locomotives are Triple Phase Synchronous Motors. The Speed of a Synchronous Motor is proportional to the AC Frequency, so the Locomotive has to regulate the Frequency on board, as the Overhead Wire delivers Single Phase AC on a constant Frequency. This Change from fixed Frequency Single Phase AC to variable Frequency Triple Phase AC requires Rectification as Intermediate Step. Even if the Motors coincidally were running at the same Frequency as the Overhead Wire, DC in between would still be necessary as Single Phase AC can't be converted directly into Triple Phase AC.
Older AC Electric Locomotives (until 30-50 Years ago) had Single Phase Serial Motors tho, which were regulated by adjusting the Voltage fed to them. So they ran on the same constant Frequency as the Overhead Wire, with a variable Transformer in between.
@@Genius_at_Work ah I see...thank you so much for the explanation. makes sense.
Is there any AC electric locomotives? There is plenty of AC diesel locomotive now.
Kevin Guthrie yes the WAP5,7 and 9 are AC-AC LOCOMOTIVES
From which software u make this train animation
Adobe premier and Photoshop
My question is that..the Traction motor mounted only with the engine wheel or all the wheels of the train?
Great video by the way...different from the time wasting youtubers... Thanks for providing such informative videos.
Locomotives power is only powering wheels on locomotive, but on many passenger trains the individual cars have motors on carrages. Technical these are called Electrical Multiple Units (EMU)
Most Metros /subways / Undergrounds are of these type. Confusion comes in case of high speed main line EMUs where front car resembles locomotive, but all carrages are self powered.
Why would we convert ac to dc at the rectifier
In Electric Locomotive 2 Pantograph are given ...so how to work both are ..why.. 2 Pantograph are given...
Redundancy. If one fails the other one operates otherwise the train will stand still.
What is the power of electric motor of locomotive engine.
Now a days there are 3 phase motors but the power supply is single phase.
nice
why do is again converted to 3ph supply???
I only chat get that,please clear this doubt
*DC
Why don't they use a single to 3 phase transformer and then directly give the 3 phase to the motors . WHY RECTIFIERS ???
IF ANYONE KNOWS THE ANSWER PLEASE REPLY ME
Because there is no such transformers are present. And if are then they will in big size .so rectifiers are used in it.
Navneet Sharma No. you are wrong.
The power line deliver a fixed frequency (50 or 60Hz) AC and the motor also uses AC motor.
The locomotive engine speed need to be increased/decreased during travelling. But the problem is AC motor's speed is locked to the supply frequency.
So, they have to convert the power to DC first and a power inverter reconvert back to AC with different frequency.
DC only serves as the link between AC line and AC motor.