War Thunder | American 8.3 Experience Pt. 1 of 3

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1. The T95 medium tank development program started from a requirement to replace the aging M48 Patton. Two proposals were looked at, that being the T95 equipped with a 90 mm gun and the T96 with a 105 mm gun. The T95 program started with the base T95, which was equipped with a two-plane stabilizer and OPTAC fire control system, and the T95E1 was a further development of this with the two-plane stabilizer removed but with a simplified fire control system installed. The T95 program as a whole ended up being cancelled a few years later after multiple variants due to technological shortcomings, including poor accuracy of the smoothbore gun, problematic X-shaped transmission and overall marginal to nonexistent improvements over the M48 it was meant to supersede, although it was not without merits as the T95E7 turret evolved into the M60's 'long-nose/needle nose' turret upgrade.
2. The search for the ideal mechanized infantry combat vehicle (MICV) in the US military began as early as 1964, but design dissatisfaction and the Vietnam War complicated the procurement process while introducing new requests in what the US wants in their infantry fighting vehicle (IFV). A breakthrough to the final design was made when the FMC Corporation designed XM723 MICV was considered for the vehicle of choice for the IFV as the XM2 IFV, though the design was complicated again by having to also fit with the US Cavalry requirement as the XM3 Cavalry Fighting Vehicle (CFV). Following evaluations and criticism of the overall program, the XM2/3 was provided production approval in January 1980 as the M2 and M3 Bradley. Though both the infantry and cavalry variant shared similar exterior looks, the cavalry differed with the infantry seat area configured to contain more ammunition and missiles for the M242 chain gun and TOW launchers. As improvements were introduced into the design, the original M2/M3 variants were designated with an "A0" suffix. Though some A0s were sent before the onset of Operation Desert Storm in 1991 (both M2A0 and M3A0 consisted of 19% of all Bradley's in theater), the A0s were more intended as attrition spares while the improved A1 and A2 variants were sent into combat.
3. In response to the rising relevance of anti-tank guided missiles (ATGM) in large-scale warfare, the US sought a need to provide the army a mobile ground platform capable of being an ATGM launcher for support. The basis of the design would be the M113 APC as it was available in plentiful numbers across the army and compatible with the existing logistical network. The system was designated as the Improved TOW Vehicle, or ITV, and a design produced by the company Emerson was accepted as the M901 in 1979. The US used the M901 in Operation Desert Storm, where it is credited with 14 kills. More than 3,000 units of the M901 was produced and exported to many foreign users, with the US retiring the M901 starting in the mid-1990s.

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