What are redox flow batteries and why are they important?
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- Опубліковано 29 чер 2024
- Redox flow batteries are potentially cheaper, more durable and safer than traditional lithium-ion batteries however still require further research and development in order for them to scale. Here, we explore the motivation for flow batteries, discuss how they work, the different components, chemistries and compare them.
00:00 Introduction
00:08 A changing global electricity mix
00:22 Integration of intermittent renewables
01:10 What are redox flow batteries?
02:34 Lithium-ion vs flow batteries
03:42 How does a flow battery work?
04:43 Key components of a flow battery
06:06 Flow battery technologies
07:46 All-vanadium flow battery
09:15 Vanadium production
10:18 Zinc-bromine flow batteries
11:39 Iron-Chromium flow battery
12:53 Comparison of flow battery chemistries
13:51 Conclusions
* Note the diagram for the Iron-Chromium flow battery in slide 12 should have the anolyte and catholyte the other way around.
Interested in learning more?
Here are some books which I recommend to learn more about the history of batteries and how they've impacted the world
📚 Volt Rush: The Winners and Losers in the Race to Go Green - Henry Sanderson - amzn.to/4aa81te (Amazon)
📚 The Powerhouse: America, China, and the Great Battery War - Steve LeVine - amzn.to/44O37kR (Amazon)
📚 Climate Capitalism: Winning the Global Race to Zero Emissions - Akshat Rathi - amzn.to/3JWmy0Q (Amazon)
#redoxflowbattery #vanadiumflowbattery #flowbatteries
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THank you so much, I could not ask more to have a general overview on Flow battery, touching in 14 min all the key aspects
Glad it was helpful!
Thank you for sharing.
Thanks for watching
This is really great introduction and summarization for redox flow battery
Thanks! Glad you found it useful
what a great video summarizing about redox flow battery ！thanks alot
Glad it was helpful!
🎯 Key Takeaways for quick navigation:
00:00 🌍 Overview of Renewable Challenges
- Transition to renewable energy sources (solar and wind) faces challenges,
- Challenges include inflexibility, intermittent supply, and wasted electricity during excess supply,
- Introduction to the need for energy storage solutions.
01:03 🔋 Introduction to Redox Flow Batteries
- Redox flow batteries as a solution for energy storage,
- Comparison with lithium-ion batteries in terms of design and flexibility,
- Highlighting the modularity and durability of flow batteries.
02:03 🌐 Large-Scale Flow Batteries
- Examples of large-scale flow battery deployments,
- Showcase of the 8 MWh vanadium flow battery system in Zhangbei, China,
- Emphasis on the potential advantages of flow batteries in terms of cost, lifetime, and safety.
03:04 ⚖️ Comparison with Lithium-ion Batteries
- Cost and lifetime comparison between flow batteries and lithium-ion batteries,
- Evaluation of efficiency, safety, and recyclability,
- Acknowledgment of different strengths and weaknesses in various applications.
04:09 🔧 Internal Mechanism of Flow Batteries
- Detailed explanation of the internal components of a flow battery,
- Description of the ion exchange membrane and its role,
- Insight into the structure and function of the porous carbon electrodes.
06:05 🧪 Various Flow Battery Chemistries
- Overview of different flow battery chemistries (zinc-bromine, iron-chromium, and vanadium),
- Discussion on the positive and negative electrolyte considerations,
- Mention of commercialization status and challenges in flow battery technologies.
08:10 🔄 All Vanadium Flow Battery
- In-depth exploration of the all vanadium flow battery,
- Explanation of the redox couples, advantages, and high theoretical lifetimes,
- Acknowledgment of challenges such as vanadium price volatility.
09:35 ⛏️ Vanadium Supply Challenges
- Analysis of vanadium supply sources and methods,
- Discussion on co-production, primary production, and secondary production,
- Recognition of challenges in achieving the required purity for long-life batteries.
10:40 🤖 Zinc-Bromine Flow Battery
- Explanation of the zinc-bromine flow battery chemistry,
- Description of its advantages (low-cost materials, energy density),
- Identification of disadvantages, including lifetime issues and safety concerns.
11:39 🚫 Iron-Chromium Flow Battery
- Introduction to the iron-chromium flow battery system,
- Discussion on its advantages (cheap electrolyte materials) and disadvantages (low energy density, slow kinetics),
- Mention of challenges faced by companies attempting to commercialize this technology.
13:15 🗂️ Comparative Analysis of Flow Battery Technologies
- Comparison of all vanadium, zinc-bromine, and iron-chromium flow batteries,
- Assessment of advantages and disadvantages of each technology,
- Emphasis on the need for innovation in emerging chemistries.
14:14 🌐 Conclusion and Future Outlook
- Summary of challenges in power network stability with increasing renewables,
- Affirmation of the potential of flow batteries as a low-cost, safer, and durable energy storage solution,
- Call for further innovation and improvements in existing flow battery technologies.
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Such an informative video! You have a great talent to delve into the first questions that come to my mind, and answer them completely. Is the Zinc-Bromine battery used frequently in residential house batteries? It seemed like you were inferring it would make the best option for that application.
Thanks. Appreciate the comment. Yeah, because one of the half cell reactions is the zinc deposition reaction which is more energy dense than changing the redox state of a liquid, these systems tend to be more compact. An Australian company called Redflow is developing small units ~10 kWh as residential energy storage units. Should be safer than lithium-ion but likely needs more R&D and scale up to drive down cost.
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That’s why I’m vegan, lots of fibre if you eat plants and fruit and nuts and berries and tubers and lentils beans et cetera. PH 7, no smell.
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🔋 Thanks Billy
Very helpful presentation, thank you so much , but at iron chromium redox flow battery section the drawing cell need to be modified and putting iron on positive electrode and chromunm in negative electrode ,. thank you so much .
Thanks. You're right! The diagram was the wrong way around. Tricky to modify the video but I can add a footnote!
Billy,
Thanks for the clip simple and clear. Which metal material is best for flow battery bioplate.
Thanks. The most flow batteries generally use carbon based flow fields. This is because carbon is generally quite stable against the highly acidic operating conditions. Metals can be used but are generally coated in carbon, where there are challenges with maintaining the quality of this over time.
I have a question about electrolyte. why ionic electrolyte doesnt use for surppresing HER and OER ?
Good question. There are a range of other electrolytes which can be used for flow battery applications which would not suffer from HER and OER that aqueous systems do. The balance is often with the resulting cost of the system vs water based systems which are difficult to beat on cost.
Great video, thanks so much Billy. Are there patent barriers limiting wider adoption and commercialization of the all vanadium chemistry?
Thanks. I think the original all-vanadium flow battery patent was filed in 1986 so likely will have elapsed, though there are new ones covering different advances. This I believe is the original one patents.google.com/patent/US4786567A/en
Thanks, Billy. In the Iron-Chromium diagram, is the Fe intended to be the cathode and Cr intended to be the anode?
Thanks Dave. In this version I show its the Fe3+/Fe2+ and the Cr3+/Cr2+ redox couples where iron has a potential of +0.77V and chromium has a potential of -0.41V so iron is the cathode and chromium is the anode. Just noticed in the diagram I had these flipped but right in the text. Will see what's the best way to update but thanks for spotting this!
@@BillyWu yes, the text looks right. I was paying close attention because you explained it so clearly!
I have heard of full FE batteries as an 'alternative' to more expensive vanadium. They are low density and slow, but cheap and can be rebalanced like vanadium.
Great comment. Yes, there are people currently looking at the all-iron flow battery chemistry which would be quite cheap in terms of electrolyte materials. This uses the same Fe2+/Fe3+ redox couple on the cathode but plates iron on the anode. One of the challenges here however is the reversibility of the iron plating reaction and potential for hydrogen evolution which both impact the lifetime.
Can flow batteries be used in cars, and electric vehicles? and is it easy to make and test your own flow battery with different electrolytes
Good question. Unfortunately, the energy density of flow batteries is quite low which means they're aren't well suited for electric cars, though they are better suited to applications where weight is not an issue. Its a bit difficult to make your own flow battery since this often requires specialised membranes to get good performance.
NMC price lower than LFP and LFP installed cost at USD ~ $600/kWh looks very high.
You're right. This video was from a few years ago and the source was a few years back before then. Much has changed since then with price drops a lot more rapid than many had expected
Do you see mass adoption of VRBS in the future?
Great question. At the moment lithium-ion batteries have the cost reduction momentum due to the development in automotive applications. The vast majority of stationary batteries are therefore LIBs at the moment, but I think through a combination of supply shortage for LIB materials, increased desire for lifetime and cost reductions in RFBs we might see increasing deployments in the coming years. VRBs currently have favourable lifetime cost of storage and very good safety characteristics. Probably need some vertical integration of Vanadium supply and manufacturing to address price volatility of electrolyte.
I heard chrome and brimine can be quite toxic
Yes, you're right. Some of the chemicals used in flow batteries if operated outside of designed conditions can cause some safety concerns. In the zinc-bromine system, there are safety risks especially with the handling of the bromine
Hi, i need Zinc-bromine, can i contact u pvt pls ? Ty