Interesting video, thanks. Thanks also for not using a sensationalistic title and thumbnail. "What you see is what you get", no frills or BS is rare and nice, and a good example too.
What I appreciate about this channel is that it goes deeper into theory than most and is able to easily visualize and explain the phenomena under discussion. I have NEVER heard a good explanation of why superconductors don't have resistance and why the cooper pairs form and propagate with such an ease. The wavelength of a cooper pair being bigger than average lattice distance between atoms is such a simple and crucial detail yet it is almost always omitted when talking about superconductors. No wonder people dismiss science and engineering - if they can't understand it because of lousy educators and teachers, then they can't appreciate it. This is hands down best explanation of superconductivity I've ever heard.
I was unaware of the four point method for measuring resistance. HOLY COW! Thank you so much! I can use this. The wave nature of electrons in a superconductor was also very interesting. I may not be able to use that knowledge but it is great to to know this stuff.
It's called a Kelvin connection and you can buy Kelvin probes if you have bench multimeters, LCR meters, milliohmmeters etc that have the ports for them.
Cooper-pairs have much more interesting properties, many might think. Since Cooper-pairs can be separated and rebound by strong electromagnetic RF-fields, but formation of spin +½/-½ (bosonic statistics) is delayed due inertia, during a short period of time, one might think, an illegal state could be created during this transition time by violating the inviolable Pauli's exclusion principle. An evasion of this situation is only possible by creation of extra space - the emergency button of nature to delay of two fermion snapping together with an integer spin. Extra space within a confined piece of spacetime however is termed spacetime-curvature.
I think people underestimate how special super conductivity actually is. It shows us a real quantum effect and is very "robust" so not breaking down at the slightest imperfection like for coherence. It's like magic...
Our world is indeed quantum magic but we live at a level far removed from that quantum realm. Ampere postulated that tiny loops of electrical current produced magnetism which he observed. Permanent magnets certainly retain their magnetic property for months and years but electrical currents in a loop of copper wire disappear very quickly and turn their energy into heat. Why ? The tiny loops of electrical current imagined by Ampere persist. Ampere could've discovered the quantum world if he tried to discover why permanent magnets don't lose their magnetic property much to predict for months and years.
I have an interesting experiment: put a very light reflective propeller into the vacuum and spin the propeller with your most strong torch. The reflective and light qualities of the propeller are used to increase the acceleration when it is subjected to beam of light. The vacuum minimizes friction with the air. And finally watch how much rpm reach. Please can you try? Ps. when you put on the torch, it must be oriented on half propeller, because the force of light must push in only a direction.
Wow, nice video! For the demonstration purposes, it might be nice to connect a superconductor in series with your starter's main wire - and pass the starter current through the superconducter. And measure voltage drop over it at the moment of engine starting.
This looks like a type of Bose-Einstein Condensate! The low temp creates events that turn electron pairs into a boson state that acts like a single wave function over a large scale.
2 місяці тому+6
Quantum mechanics predict that for ideally periodic grid of atoms (which includes no wiggling around because of thermal oscillations), electrons would behave like in a vacuum - i.e. there would be no resistance. If I remember it correctly, it is a few calculations in quantum mechanics that can be performed analytically.
If you want to be technically correct about it, the resistance of a (-n ideal) superconductor is "umeasurably low". 😉Apart from the critical current you discribe, with AC current (or in AC fields) it also doesnt hold, due to the magnetisation of the superconductor. And only withing single grains/crystals in this type of superconductor, grain boundaries act as josephsen junctions and signifanclty reduce the current transfer capabilities of the macroscopic sample. This will absolutely be the case for your sample, but it's simply too little to measure in your setup. For reference, in our lab when measuring superconducting cables carrying thousands of amps, we need nanvolt accuracy voltmeters to measure whats happening on cm-scale. By the way, excellent explanation on the microscopic superconducting state 👌
My guess is that higher temperatures cause the atoms to jiggle which keeps the second electron from being able to take average of the two nuclei being brought together by the first
@@DuckStorms It has to do with how thermal energy disrupts the momentum of the electrons. BCS theory doesn't hold for high temperatures (30 K) tho, we don't actually know how exactly it works for high temperature superconductors. Can't give you much more, I work on practical applications of superconductors, not their microscopic physics and quantum mechanics
Hey, I am not rly a chemicist or anything connected to it, but could you show us how the velocity of an object (metal one) reacts to certain gravity, magnet etc ? I am just curious. Idk would be interested in that.
1:42 I don't understand this test setup. Aren't you just measuring the low resistance of the measuring device and the cables? And if the already shows 0 does it make any sense to argue that the super conductor has a lower resistance than the wires? I mean you could remove the super conductor and just make contact between the two wires and it would also show 0. The only thing this experiment show is that the super conductor have a high resistance at room temp and that it gets a lower resistance than you can measure at cold temperaturs. Or do I missunderstand something?
In the "measuring" wires there is no current, so per definition there is no voltage. Any voltage you measure has to be between the measuring points on the superconductor, where there is a current as supplied by the other wires
Tho electrons bound together will become a boson, but most bosons are not made up of electrons or two particles. Photons/Gluons/Higgs/W/Z for example are elemental bosons and are single particles and are not electrons. Mesons are bosons made up of multiple quarks, which are not electrons either. All particles are either bosons or fermions, and even number of any bound fermions will act like bosons.
@@killmeister2271 a Boson is any particle that has an integer spin and thus doesn’t experience the Pauli exclusion principle. This means you can pack a bunch of these cooper pairs together in a small space and get a lot more current to flow.
Ah, I think you've misunderstood. Bosons are a type of elementary particle (like Electrons and Quarks) that have no constituent particles - you can't combine anything together to make an actual Boson. What you can do is make a quasi-Boson, which is what a Cooper Pair is - two electrons temporarily bound together as a quasi-particle that *acts* like a Boson.
@@DuckStormsbosons act like a wave-particle duality (and more so like a wave than a particle) because 2 bosons can be in the same quantum state at the same time whereas 2 fermions cannot. So the bosons act like a wave
6:15 what you wants to say - If electron quantity (current) increase Super conductor loose its superconductivity.!! Then what mean of Superconductor at first place, if super conductor have zero resistance it means there should not limit for current
Being able to cool a superconductor with liquid nitrogen is so much cheaper than having to cool it using liquid helium is a huge factor and there arent so many superconductors that we know of that operate in temperatures that much higher than close to absolute zero. Liquid nitrogen has the boiling point of -196°, so almost 80 K above absolute zero. 80 K is a very high tempetature compared to well below 10 K of most superconductors.
That's because the actual Cooper pair are not the traveling electrons. But the two most external electron shells merging. Creating a greater negative charge. Which repels the incoming electron. And pushes it away before it experiences resistance from the nucleus. Facilitating zero electronicle resistance.! You're welcome. 🍻
It's just a pity that *Metallic Hydrogen* needs such tremendously high pressures - approximately *400 GPa* (Gigapascals) or *58,000,000 PSI* (Pounds per Square Inch) - to keep it stable...
@Skeptical_Numbat but after synthesising it at these pressure it becomes metastable so it doesn't need that pressure anymore. You can just have it sitting around at room temperature and pressure. (At least that's what I read about (im some random dude who just "informs" about such things in his spare time...))
Stanene is a room-temperature standard-pressure topological superconductor. The gray-tin/white-tin phase change occurs at 15C = 59°F. Napoleon's army fighting in Russia allegedly had much problem with their soldiers' coats' tin buttons crumbling due to their changing into gray tin ones and crumble. As long as we have two different crystalline structures which are different, we may be able to apply a *STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD* to one phase above the critical temperature and slowly lowering the ambient temperature to form the other phase, too. Then the magnetic-field-squashed orbitals may be locked in by the new crystalline structure and the lowered temperature to form a superconductor. We are substituting a strong magnetic field instead of mechanical pressure (such as from a diamond anvil) to compress the atoms closer together via Lorentz force on the atoms' orbital clouds. This is probably the path to creating a host of room-temperature ambient-pressure superconductors.
We can use tin for this Lorentz compression of atomic orbitals. Other promising candidates are those with inter-nuclear distances near where the conduction band and valence band nearly started merging into each other. That is where tin is, situated near a metal and a non-metal phase near STP (the Standard Temperature and Pressure used in Chemistry). Other not-so-great metals such as mercury and lead are also superconductors at cryogenic temperatures. They also have multiple oxidation states in which the orbitals can vary in their eccentricity near a phase change. Silver selenide (its cousin silver bromide was commonly used in old time photographic film) is a candidate, too, due to its very small bandgap between the conduction band and the valence band.
Just a thought but could some black holes have formed with antimatter instead of matter? Or maybe supermassive black holes began during matter/antimatter annihilation and due to extreme time dilation are still in the process or even frozen in it?
Cool video. What I would like to know is if you run high current through your superconductor while it is levitating does that increase the strength of the flux pinning?
[1] Kelvin connection (as in Lord Kelvin) [2] missed opportunity to do copper in LN to show modest change, highlighting the very stark difference to the YCBO. 4 point isn't the only way; literally ground bond testers use 10, 20, 30+ amps to get a high enough voltage differential to measure that resistance. It also has the side effect of rapidly fusing any weak/thin spots, which is good since ground connections are used for the fault current that could safe a life. Sure, you can't use that method on very thin wires, but on wide copper tapes it would be fine, it's a controlled ramp/dwell time so you can integrate the total energy, temp rise etc.
@@WouterVerbruggen he was measuring resistance so I guess negative reading would be a current from induction? I normally think of induction from the magnet moving inwards. But I'm not an engineer so my views don't jack! :)
@@lorddorker3703 A magnet moving away is just the inverse of a magnet moving closer. Such a device assumes a certain current (which is sends down the other leads), measures voltage and calculates resistance. The direction of induced current, and thus voltage, just depends on the direction of movement of the magnet and the orientation of the magnet
Wait shouldn't a superconductor than also have faster signal time? Like c instead of 2/3 c ??? No more electron pumping should also mean faster travel? Or is the electromagnetic wave still the same speed because of the protons braking them or something like that?
Since it's passing through the copper connectors, and the resistance is still zero, does that mean that very cold copper has a similar effect? Was there a control to see the difference?
No, that's what the 4 wire (kelvin) connection is for. The voltage sense wires have a very low current through them relative to the current through the current wires and YCBO, so the resistance of that copper is negligible in the measurement. There will be a voltage drop across the copper of the current wires, but they are outside the measurement so that voltage drop is only relevant to the power supply's ability to supply the current. (The copper strips are effectively continuous with the copper wires, so that's why I just say "wires" for both)
@@KX36Ah i see, thanks. I suppose i was thinking about a higher voltage scenario where the copper's room temperature resistance might play a factor versus copper that was incidentally cooled. I wasn't sure if that was part of the resistance measurement (that there was a delay) but I also don't know at what voltage/current threshold copper's resistance might play a factor versus the YBCO even if the copper is simply the contact point for the test (greater than 600V apparently), and maybe dependent on how long the test ran (as the copper might change temperature at a different rate). From a quick search it looks like 'cuprates' are what would replace copper depending on where that threshold is (when testing LSCO). Also, apparently when cooper pairs form it's said they 'cooperate' and that's called 'cooperation' 😆
The fun thing about quantum physics like he said the electrons follow the poly exclusion principle paired electrons can't be in the same place and same state at the same time in side the pair but multiple pairs can overlap in the same state same position at the same time because of them being bosons. Its like in Minecraft if you had a small chicken and a big chicken so their hotboxes couldn't line up exactly in the same block, but you can have multiple small chickens hotboxes overlapp and multiple large hot boxes overlapp. Its not a perfect analogy but its how my brain first thought about what he said.
Wish to see how a superconductor reacts inside an three phase induction motor stator while running. To see if there is a lag as it works like a rotor when the speed changes or get reversed
here's an experiment idea: a circular track around a magnet. cover a magnetic ball bearing in ferrofluid and place it in the track. give it a push. how long does it 'orbit'? can it be used to induce current?
7:20 This is cool. 😂 But does it actually show that it is a super conductor? Would a ferromagnetic steel at room temperature not do the same? (assuming it has just a little coercivity)
I have been theorizing that if we can harness the center of the galaxies emf waves we could make interstellar travel much quicker like a magnet equation
Check this out! You will see gravity no kidding if you cut and paste the following into GPT. 1. Consider a black hole 1KM radius and calculate the gravity energy in Joules per Planck Area 2. Calculate the Hawking Temp of that black hole. 3. Plug Hawking T into Landauer. 4. Report GR answer in Joules and then Landauer at Hawking T in Joules and on a third line divide GR answer by Landauer answer and report. You will see it’s the measurement of entangled particles that causes gravity. It will take 5 seconds to prove.
i did and this is the result, sorry for buggy format Conclusion Gravitational energy per Planck area: 3.79 × 1 0 − 30
J 3.79×10 −30 J. Landauer energy at Hawking temperature: 5.91 × 1 0 − 31
J 5.91×10 −31 J. Ratio: ≈ 6.41 ≈6.41. This suggests that gravitational energy per Planck area exceeds the minimum energy required to erase a single bit of information at the Hawking temperature by a factor of about 6.4. My Thoughts: This calculation hints at the dense information content and immense energy densities near black holes. It subtly explores the idea that the energy scales of gravity and quantum information might not be too far apart, potentially contributing to the broader search for a unified theory. Also, the result might inspire reflections on the nature of entropy and energy at quantum-gravitational scales-an intriguing crossover between black hole physics and computational theory!
I don't really understand quantum theory, It seems to just make things up to closely predict states (e.g. "spin" - doesn't actually mean *spin* ) I think it's just a convenient way to predict *probable* behaviour through generalised mathematical systems - far from an ideal solution, it's like a compromise, so I distrust it and the proponents of it, as they are biased in this fantasy world they create with quantum theoretical predictions to scare and bewilder the public with. But I know and understand where it comes from, but the public doesn't. I think we can do better. How is this superconductor effect explained in classical physics? Or *can* it be explained? I know classical physics has its issues, but at least it's practical and intuitive. Damn particle/wave duality and Heisenberg's "what? Where? When?" principle. We need to go back and find a different route!! That's my rant on QM. They're messing with my waves; something I actually have a degree in!
Quantum effects are real and measurable it is not a fantasy or some kind of conspiracy. You don't need QM to understand superconductors, you can get a good picture with just Maxwells equations and Londons equations but when it comes to what happens on a microscopic scale inside the superconductor you are dealing with particles on the quantum scale and need QM to study their behavior. The classical approach actual only works because it is the approximation of quantum mechanical effects at large N where statistics take over so it is quite the opposite: Using classical physics is a compromise because it is much easier to grasp and works well enough for large systems.
QM sure is tricky. The ‘spin’ issue is extremely interesting - it might be more representative to use ‘angular momentum’ rather than spin (happy to be corrected on that by the way.). In which case the election pair scenario is then about considering how a pair of electrons might best fit together with their angular momenta ‘aligned’. There is still a problem though in that even if we drop the word spin, the term angular momentum itself implies (in classical terms) that something is rotating (or spinning). So to get to the bottom of this we need to determine if the intrinsic angular momentum of an electron is representative of a genuine ‘spin’ or is it something else that is definitely not related to any kind of classical spin. I actually think is one of the most important areas to get to the bottom of. Stern-Gerlach experiments confirms the intrinsic, quantised angular momentum states (‘up or down’ etc) of an electron, but in not sure we know what the angular momentum refers to especially if it cannot be any kind of classical spin.
@@alwayscurious413 "Spin" not a physical property (that's impossible by its features). Do you think QM can tell us anything actually physical about a subatomic particle? No. It's about imagined quanta and probabilities of that quanta - laid out as probability density waves for a given system. It all lives in the maths. They call particles "probability density functions", because they aren't even sure if they are there. It's great as a tool to predict certain things where resolution is not important, but it's far from perfect, but yet they follow the maths until it shows something that clearly doesn't exist - if it's possible to check - otherwise they just imagine it exists and carry on with the maths. "Spin" is just a made-up property to fulfil a mathematical parameter in a relatable (classical) way - to give it meaning. One day, I think we'll realise that QM was just a placeholder for some superior physical mechanics model. I'm not against QM, but I'm against using it for things it wasn't meant for, because there, mistakes grow eternally.
@@Satori_kun I suppose they're both compromises, but to different degrees. QM was _created_ as a compromise, though, essentially, but I suppose it depends on perspective. _Relativity._ With QM you take individual things as systems at different levels - you can't understand the core properties, so we create a quanta-world and predict its probable state as an ever-expanding "cloud" of mystery. That's a turn away from understanding to me. With classical physics, we understand things more objectively, it seems. We need that kind of precision of understanding in the atomic world. But maybe it's God's way of protecting free will. I think QM annoys me because of people like Sean Carroll who spread QM BS about mathematical anomalies as reality to the public who take them as fact - watch his interview with Neil deGrasse Tyson, and they talk about it - he basically admits to misleading the public about these _mysterious quantum worlds._ Probably to get funding, who knows.
@@GetMoGaming Spin is a physical property and you saying it's not clearly shows that in this regard you are quite uneducated. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron spin resonance (ESR), giant magneto resistance (GMR) and more are all direct applications of the spin. Your hard drive works via GMR. The Stern-Gerlach experiment measures the spin of electrons, you can't deny this reality. You may don't like the way QM is written but it makes correct predictions about the natural world that has been tested positively and quantum effects are used in every device where you can't explain how they work in classical physics. You may trust or not trust me, but I did these experiments myself as a physics student. I measured GMR, the spin of electrons, used ESR to measure the magnetic field the earth and the Landé factor of electrons. In the nuclear lab I measured the spin of a radio active nucleus and so did hundreds of students in my university alone.
imagine we had a room temperature superconductor who could use ordinary water as a coolant to reach its critical point, and that a large swamp land is filled with this material. would we just have cool floating islands over it, or would it have some negative side effects?
Anyone can see matter waves by filling a container with a low-viscosity liquid and then dropping into it an object that is 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the container and isn't buoyant. For example, a small rock dropped into a bathtub containing water. ☝🏻
I wonder if this concept can work if one assumes that electric current doesn't flow through wires, but through the electromagnetic field around the wires. One theory suggests movement of electrons are not responsible for current but merely the means by which the electric field is created.
I recently learned that "high temperature" superconductors just means they can be made superconductive with liquid nitrogen and don't require something more exotic
Our beneficent presenter explained why low temperatures decrease wire resistance. As for batteries, I'm guessing that low temperatures reduce the rate of a battery's internal chemical reactions that produce the electrical current.
Great video, so room temperature superconductors have been spoken about for a very long time, many years...surely there has been some serious progress, could you do a video on that, some next level theory at least or at best visit the likes of MIT to see how far they have progressed and what they think could work at room temp
Google is your friend when it comes to defining words. Or you can just ask one of the hundreds of AI programs to "dumb it down" for you. Or watch one of the hundreds of UA-cam videos on what conductors are 🤷🏼♂️
A conductor is an object or material that is really good at accepting and transferring heat or electric charges/electricity. An insulator is an object or material that does not accept or transfer heat or electricity well, and may block transfer of them. Like "insulated wire", there's a rubber coating on the outside of all wires, so electricity (and heat) can't jump from one wire to another if it were to touch another along the length, and not the ends, causing a short. Then, metals are used to carry/move/transfer energy (electricity and heat) because it's a very good conductor. That's why the superconductor was shown to have no resistance in this video while in a circuit because it's VERY good at transferring electricity (and heat) so the electrons just flow right through it with no problem, because it's a "super"-conductor Hope that helps. It actually helped me to think it through lol
In my chemistry theory of relativity stars drift from the center of the galaxy due to losing electron charge and continuous pressure exerting from the center of the galaxy pushes a solar system outward from the centers EMF
If things are infinitely divisible then how massive or miniscule they are depends on what they are compared to and there is no true size or quantity only relative size and quantity. But I don't think that can be true because then anything of mass would be black hole massive compared to something else. There must be an absolute minimum but I also wonder if there could also be an absolute maximum beyond which the absolute minimum quantity is reset to a greater order of relative magnitude. Where the scale must be recalibrated to a new base unit of measurement so to speak? I know that a black hole has to do with compressing mass into a small enough space but how far would you need to compress a single proton to get a black hole? There has to be some limitation and I wonder if space being quantized might define the limits. Maybe space is quantized on different scales which allows for different limits with higher orders of magnitudes? Could be why quantum mechanics and general relatively don't work well together? Maybe it's a matter of figuring out how physics change depending on which scale is used. Is there a way to predict at what point the scales need to be reset and are there laws that govern how physics change on different scales? It's pretty mind boggling to think about.
@@Tletna maybe they’ll have a 2nd superconductor or magnet that can be controlled with temperature/electricity that can to pull against the ground that may create more friction or resistance somehow. Or maybe a wind sail can also open to slow down. Also depending how high the cars can levitate they may be able to drive above each other and there would be a lot more distance between vehicles requiring less need for quick braking. Or maybe magnet can be used to repel cars away from other cars so they can never crash
Use the car's kinetic energy to generate electricity. That's how the Toyota Prius got great mileage in stop-and-go city traffic environment. It has regenerative braking to capture the kinetic energy to slow down the car and reuse the generated electric energy stored into the electric batteries to accelerate the car. The diesel-powered trains are also electric hybrids which use regenerative braking. It's a reason why they're so widely used instead of being fully electric. If the braking mechanism can stop a train, I'm pretty sure that something similar can be designed and built to stop a car.
If the magnetic field of the magnet isn't perfectly symmetrical it will 'radiate' magnetic field variations which is essentially the same as radiating low frequency radio waves or light. This energy loss will slow it down. The same effect should theoretically take place with gravity but take much longer.
@@WouterVerbruggen Right? The fact that there has never been any 'closed system' observed, and that it can't actually be mathematically proven a closed system is possible, leads me to only one conclusion. The universe an open system; and by that it is implied even across time. In some ways that is more terrifying than a close universe.
@@Novrix7 you know promoting a company that take advantage of people seeking mental health is just wrong. And if you see it any other way your part of the problem
So if we figure out a way to superconduct a big metal object, we can have antigravity, basically a flying saucer that behaves as a wave, and can move around without any air resistance. I think it's a matter of time that we figure it out, it will revolutionize transportation and will simultaneously be an incredible security threat. This might be why black budget programs are still secret...
Most physics should be doing these kinds of practical field experiments, instead of sitting behind a computer dreaming up theoretical singularities that go nowhere. Thank you for your work.
@@Matlockization lol there has been tons of new stuff discovered due to the efforts of theoretical physicists. Arguably we need more theoretical physicists to answer the questions that remain.
one of the best science channels on youtube i have really learnt a lot from this channel
Interesting video, thanks.
Thanks also for not using a sensationalistic title and thumbnail.
"What you see is what you get", no frills or BS is rare and nice, and a good example too.
The first sentence of the video had me worried "it has zero electrical resistance" ... but then he went and spent the entire video proving it 🤯
What I appreciate about this channel is that it goes deeper into theory than most and is able to easily visualize and explain the phenomena under discussion.
I have NEVER heard a good explanation of why superconductors don't have resistance and why the cooper pairs form and propagate with such an ease. The wavelength of a cooper pair being bigger than average lattice distance between atoms is such a simple and crucial detail yet it is almost always omitted when talking about superconductors.
No wonder people dismiss science and engineering - if they can't understand it because of lousy educators and teachers, then they can't appreciate it.
This is hands down best explanation of superconductivity I've ever heard.
what is the mechanical bandwidth of a superconductor locked to a piece of metal? i wish someone would post an amplitude - phase chart.
You bet. The best👍💯. 😊
Yeah this channel is approachable and light, but there's no BS in the explanations.
If it possible to demonstrate how it look like inside atomic explosion, I'm sure he would be one of the first to held his hand up.
Best and most concise SC explanation I have seen on the net! 600A for the small disk is amazing!
this is the best simple explanation of superconduction that I have ever seen. Excellent
I was unaware of the four point method for measuring resistance. HOLY COW! Thank you so much! I can use this.
The wave nature of electrons in a superconductor was also very interesting. I may not be able to use that knowledge but it is great to to know this stuff.
It's called a Kelvin connection and you can buy Kelvin probes if you have bench multimeters, LCR meters, milliohmmeters etc that have the ports for them.
@@KX36 Thanks.
This is just the same thing a meter does but you're controlling it manually.
You see it on higher end multimeters, it's called 4 wire.
Cooper-pairs have much more interesting properties, many might think. Since Cooper-pairs can be separated and rebound by strong electromagnetic RF-fields, but formation of spin +½/-½ (bosonic statistics) is delayed due inertia, during a short period of time, one might think, an illegal state could be created during this transition time by violating the inviolable Pauli's exclusion principle. An evasion of this situation is only possible by creation of extra space - the emergency button of nature to delay of two fermion snapping together with an integer spin. Extra space within a confined piece of spacetime however is termed spacetime-curvature.
Can you cite experimental evidence for the breakdown of Cooper pairs leading to such gravitational effects?
@@peterf2451 Unfortunately, any attempt to respond fails, because my comments disappear.
@@debrainwasher what?
I think people underestimate how special super conductivity actually is. It shows us a real quantum effect and is very "robust" so not breaking down at the slightest imperfection like for coherence. It's like magic...
Our world is indeed quantum magic but we live at a level far removed from that quantum realm.
Ampere postulated that tiny loops of electrical current produced magnetism which he observed. Permanent magnets certainly retain their magnetic property for months and years but electrical currents in a loop of copper wire disappear very quickly and turn their energy into heat. Why ?
The tiny loops of electrical current imagined by Ampere persist. Ampere could've discovered the quantum world if he tried to discover why permanent magnets don't lose their magnetic property much to predict for months and years.
I have an interesting experiment: put a very light reflective propeller into the vacuum and spin the propeller with your most strong torch. The reflective and light qualities of the propeller are used to increase the acceleration when it is subjected to beam of light. The vacuum minimizes friction with the air. And finally watch how much rpm reach.
Please can you try?
Ps. when you put on the torch, it must be oriented on half propeller, because the force of light must push in only a direction.
Cooper pair was also the two word movie review for Interstellar
Someone could come up with some really "deep" philosophical review of that movie with this.
Love that movie😊😊
Wow, nice video!
For the demonstration purposes, it might be nice to connect a superconductor in series with your starter's main wire - and pass the starter current through the superconducter. And measure voltage drop over it at the moment of engine starting.
This looks like a type of Bose-Einstein Condensate! The low temp creates events that turn electron pairs into a boson state that acts like a single wave function over a large scale.
Quantum mechanics predict that for ideally periodic grid of atoms (which includes no wiggling around because of thermal oscillations), electrons would behave like in a vacuum - i.e. there would be no resistance. If I remember it correctly, it is a few calculations in quantum mechanics that can be performed analytically.
If you want to be technically correct about it, the resistance of a (-n ideal) superconductor is "umeasurably low". 😉Apart from the critical current you discribe, with AC current (or in AC fields) it also doesnt hold, due to the magnetisation of the superconductor. And only withing single grains/crystals in this type of superconductor, grain boundaries act as josephsen junctions and signifanclty reduce the current transfer capabilities of the macroscopic sample. This will absolutely be the case for your sample, but it's simply too little to measure in your setup. For reference, in our lab when measuring superconducting cables carrying thousands of amps, we need nanvolt accuracy voltmeters to measure whats happening on cm-scale. By the way, excellent explanation on the microscopic superconducting state 👌
@@WouterVerbruggen can you help explain why higher temperature destroys Cooper Pairs?
My guess is that higher temperatures cause the atoms to jiggle which keeps the second electron from being able to take average of the two nuclei being brought together by the first
"Um... Actually... Incorrect" 😂
@@DuckStorms It has to do with how thermal energy disrupts the momentum of the electrons. BCS theory doesn't hold for high temperatures (30 K) tho, we don't actually know how exactly it works for high temperature superconductors. Can't give you much more, I work on practical applications of superconductors, not their microscopic physics and quantum mechanics
@@WouterVerbruggen what sort of practical applications do you work on?
Really nice intuitive explanation of cooper pairs and how they work. Thank you!
2:15 Lots of fun things happen when the resistance becomes negative. :D
Hey, I am not rly a chemicist or anything connected to it, but could you show us how the velocity of an object (metal one) reacts to certain gravity, magnet etc ?
I am just curious. Idk would be interested in that.
1:42
I don't understand this test setup.
Aren't you just measuring the low resistance of the measuring device and the cables?
And if the already shows 0 does it make any sense to argue that the super conductor has a lower resistance than the wires?
I mean you could remove the super conductor and just make contact between the two wires and it would also show 0.
The only thing this experiment show is that the super conductor have a high resistance at room temp and that it gets a lower resistance than you can measure at cold temperaturs.
Or do I missunderstand something?
In the "measuring" wires there is no current, so per definition there is no voltage. Any voltage you measure has to be between the measuring points on the superconductor, where there is a current as supplied by the other wires
after all these years, you were the first one to finally explain to me that a boson is literally simply two electrons bound together
Tho electrons bound together will become a boson, but most bosons are not made up of electrons or two particles. Photons/Gluons/Higgs/W/Z for example are elemental bosons and are single particles and are not electrons. Mesons are bosons made up of multiple quarks, which are not electrons either. All particles are either bosons or fermions, and even number of any bound fermions will act like bosons.
@@killmeister2271 a Boson is any particle that has an integer spin and thus doesn’t experience the Pauli exclusion principle. This means you can pack a bunch of these cooper pairs together in a small space and get a lot more current to flow.
Ah, I think you've misunderstood. Bosons are a type of elementary particle (like Electrons and Quarks) that have no constituent particles - you can't combine anything together to make an actual Boson.
What you can do is make a quasi-Boson, which is what a Cooper Pair is - two electrons temporarily bound together as a quasi-particle that *acts* like a Boson.
@@G3HP can you elaborate on what it means to “act like a boson”?
@@DuckStormsbosons act like a wave-particle duality (and more so like a wave than a particle) because 2 bosons can be in the same quantum state at the same time whereas 2 fermions cannot. So the bosons act like a wave
6:15 what you wants to say -
If electron quantity (current) increase Super conductor loose its superconductivity.!!
Then what mean of Superconductor at first place, if super conductor have zero resistance it means there should not limit for current
my brain is too smooth to comprehend this
Worth noting that counter intuitively, high temperature super conductors are still below -138C
In field of research where -270 C was alsways the norm, it is easy to class something as "high temperature" lol
@@WouterVerbruggen Yup! But it certainly doesn't feel warm for your average youtube audience
@@Kaelygon idk man, thats usually the temperature I keep my AC on
Being able to cool a superconductor with liquid nitrogen is so much cheaper than having to cool it using liquid helium is a huge factor and there arent so many superconductors that we know of that operate in temperatures that much higher than close to absolute zero. Liquid nitrogen has the boiling point of -196°, so almost 80 K above absolute zero. 80 K is a very high tempetature compared to well below 10 K of most superconductors.
That's because the actual Cooper pair are not the traveling electrons. But the two most external electron shells merging.
Creating a greater negative charge. Which repels the incoming electron. And pushes it away before it experiences resistance from the nucleus.
Facilitating zero electronicle resistance.!
You're welcome. 🍻
7:50 for example metal hydrogen might be one...
It's just a pity that *Metallic Hydrogen* needs such tremendously high pressures - approximately *400 GPa* (Gigapascals) or *58,000,000 PSI* (Pounds per Square Inch) - to keep it stable...
@Skeptical_Numbat but after synthesising it at these pressure it becomes metastable so it doesn't need that pressure anymore. You can just have it sitting around at room temperature and pressure. (At least that's what I read about (im some random dude who just "informs" about such things in his spare time...))
Stanene is a room-temperature standard-pressure topological superconductor.
The gray-tin/white-tin phase change occurs at 15C = 59°F.
Napoleon's army fighting in Russia allegedly had much problem with their soldiers' coats' tin buttons crumbling due to their changing into gray tin ones and crumble.
As long as we have two different crystalline structures which are different, we may be able to apply a *STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD* to one phase above the critical temperature and slowly lowering the ambient temperature to form the other phase, too. Then the magnetic-field-squashed orbitals may be locked in by the new crystalline structure and the lowered temperature to form a superconductor.
We are substituting a strong magnetic field instead of mechanical pressure (such as from a diamond anvil) to compress the atoms closer together via Lorentz force on the atoms' orbital clouds.
This is probably the path to creating a host of room-temperature ambient-pressure superconductors.
We can use tin for this Lorentz compression of atomic orbitals. Other promising candidates are those with inter-nuclear distances near where the conduction band and valence band nearly started merging into each other. That is where tin is, situated near a metal and a non-metal phase near STP (the Standard Temperature and Pressure used in Chemistry).
Other not-so-great metals such as mercury and lead are also superconductors at cryogenic temperatures. They also have multiple oxidation states in which the orbitals can vary in their eccentricity near a phase change.
Silver selenide (its cousin silver bromide was commonly used in old time photographic film) is a candidate, too, due to its very small bandgap between the conduction band and the valence band.
@@solconcordia4315i got to first translate that into my native language... 😂😂😂
Stare directly in the center of the horizontal line at 4:28 until the scene changes for an optical illusion
Just a thought but could some black holes have formed with antimatter instead of matter? Or maybe supermassive black holes began during matter/antimatter annihilation and due to extreme time dilation are still in the process or even frozen in it?
Cool video. What I would like to know is if you run high current through your superconductor while it is levitating does that increase the strength of the flux pinning?
This guy is amazing.
James, could you explain and even better test the Searl Effect Generator? Is it really free energy?
Could you do a video explain the Pauli-Exclusion principle and what 1/2 spin and up/down spin means and looks like?
[1] Kelvin connection (as in Lord Kelvin) [2] missed opportunity to do copper in LN to show modest change, highlighting the very stark difference to the YCBO. 4 point isn't the only way; literally ground bond testers use 10, 20, 30+ amps to get a high enough voltage differential to measure that resistance. It also has the side effect of rapidly fusing any weak/thin spots, which is good since ground connections are used for the fault current that could safe a life. Sure, you can't use that method on very thin wires, but on wide copper tapes it would be fine, it's a controlled ramp/dwell time so you can integrate the total energy, temp rise etc.
Spot welder or induction heater would be a captivating practical demonstration of the low resistance.
You always provide with very usefull info!! Keep it up!
It's good youre inspiring emotional support to scientists, it's a field very absent of it so it's nice to see.
What happened at minute 1:59? Notice the meter readings when you moved in, and particularly when you moved away. Negative reading?
Magnetic induction, a changing magnetic field induces an electric current
@@WouterVerbruggen he was measuring resistance so I guess negative reading would be a current from induction? I normally think of induction from the magnet moving inwards. But I'm not an engineer so my views don't jack! :)
@@lorddorker3703 A magnet moving away is just the inverse of a magnet moving closer. Such a device assumes a certain current (which is sends down the other leads), measures voltage and calculates resistance. The direction of induced current, and thus voltage, just depends on the direction of movement of the magnet and the orientation of the magnet
Cool . . . Literally!😊 thank you for sharing your knowledge.
Wait shouldn't a superconductor than also have faster signal time? Like c instead of 2/3 c ??? No more electron pumping should also mean faster travel? Or is the electromagnetic wave still the same speed because of the protons braking them or something like that?
Is a boson stream dangerous or can it be damaging certain materials or can it produce heating like a laser beam?
Since it's passing through the copper connectors, and the resistance is still zero, does that mean that very cold copper has a similar effect? Was there a control to see the difference?
No, that's what the 4 wire (kelvin) connection is for. The voltage sense wires have a very low current through them relative to the current through the current wires and YCBO, so the resistance of that copper is negligible in the measurement. There will be a voltage drop across the copper of the current wires, but they are outside the measurement so that voltage drop is only relevant to the power supply's ability to supply the current. (The copper strips are effectively continuous with the copper wires, so that's why I just say "wires" for both)
@@KX36Ah i see, thanks. I suppose i was thinking about a higher voltage scenario where the copper's room temperature resistance might play a factor versus copper that was incidentally cooled. I wasn't sure if that was part of the resistance measurement (that there was a delay) but I also don't know at what voltage/current threshold copper's resistance might play a factor versus the YBCO even if the copper is simply the contact point for the test (greater than 600V apparently), and maybe dependent on how long the test ran (as the copper might change temperature at a different rate).
From a quick search it looks like 'cuprates' are what would replace copper depending on where that threshold is (when testing LSCO). Also, apparently when cooper pairs form it's said they 'cooperate' and that's called 'cooperation' 😆
That explanation went way over my head, as particle physics explanations usually do.
The fun thing about quantum physics like he said the electrons follow the poly exclusion principle paired electrons can't be in the same place and same state at the same time in side the pair but multiple pairs can overlap in the same state same position at the same time because of them being bosons. Its like in Minecraft if you had a small chicken and a big chicken so their hotboxes couldn't line up exactly in the same block, but you can have multiple small chickens hotboxes overlapp and multiple large hot boxes overlapp. Its not a perfect analogy but its how my brain first thought about what he said.
poly exclusion feels like a good description, but it's actually Pauli.
Wish to see how a superconductor reacts inside an three phase induction motor stator while running. To see if there is a lag as it works like a rotor when the speed changes or get reversed
It would heat up due to continuous magnetisation of the superconductor, they are not great in AC applications
Superconductors are cool!
Have you ever try Tesla Valve + Bell syphon effect?
does it create 1 way bell syphon?
Ima watch this tomorrow when im sober :/
the only channel that can use cooper-pairing and 0 spin as a segue to betterhelp! i love it
here's an experiment idea: a circular track around a magnet. cover a magnetic ball bearing in ferrofluid and place it in the track. give it a push. how long does it 'orbit'? can it be used to induce current?
7:20
This is cool. 😂
But does it actually show that it is a super conductor?
Would a ferromagnetic steel at room temperature not do the same? (assuming it has just a little coercivity)
And thats strong emergence.
I have been theorizing that if we can harness the center of the galaxies emf waves we could make interstellar travel much quicker like a magnet equation
Room temperature superconductors? That would change the world
4:53 nice "Alice in Wonderland" simulation 😂
Check this out! You will see gravity no kidding if you cut and paste the following into GPT.
1. Consider a black hole 1KM radius and calculate the gravity energy in Joules per Planck Area
2. Calculate the Hawking Temp of that black hole.
3. Plug Hawking T into Landauer.
4. Report GR answer in Joules and then Landauer at Hawking T in Joules and on a third line divide GR answer by Landauer answer and report.
You will see it’s the measurement of entangled particles that causes gravity. It will take 5 seconds to prove.
i did and this is the result, sorry for buggy format
Conclusion
Gravitational energy per Planck area:
3.79
×
1
0
−
30
J
3.79×10
−30
J.
Landauer energy at Hawking temperature:
5.91
×
1
0
−
31
J
5.91×10
−31
J.
Ratio:
≈
6.41
≈6.41.
This suggests that gravitational energy per Planck area exceeds the minimum energy required to erase a single bit of information at the Hawking temperature by a factor of about 6.4.
My Thoughts: This calculation hints at the dense information content and immense energy densities near black holes. It subtly explores the idea that the energy scales of gravity and quantum information might not be too far apart, potentially contributing to the broader search for a unified theory. Also, the result might inspire reflections on the nature of entropy and energy at quantum-gravitational scales-an intriguing crossover between black hole physics and computational theory!
I don't really understand quantum theory, It seems to just make things up to closely predict states (e.g. "spin" - doesn't actually mean *spin* ) I think it's just a convenient way to predict *probable* behaviour through generalised mathematical systems - far from an ideal solution, it's like a compromise, so I distrust it and the proponents of it, as they are biased in this fantasy world they create with quantum theoretical predictions to scare and bewilder the public with. But I know and understand where it comes from, but the public doesn't. I think we can do better. How is this superconductor effect explained in classical physics? Or *can* it be explained? I know classical physics has its issues, but at least it's practical and intuitive. Damn particle/wave duality and Heisenberg's "what? Where? When?" principle. We need to go back and find a different route!! That's my rant on QM. They're messing with my waves; something I actually have a degree in!
Quantum effects are real and measurable it is not a fantasy or some kind of conspiracy. You don't need QM to understand superconductors, you can get a good picture with just Maxwells equations and Londons equations but when it comes to what happens on a microscopic scale inside the superconductor you are dealing with particles on the quantum scale and need QM to study their behavior. The classical approach actual only works because it is the approximation of quantum mechanical effects at large N where statistics take over so it is quite the opposite: Using classical physics is a compromise because it is much easier to grasp and works well enough for large systems.
QM sure is tricky. The ‘spin’ issue is extremely interesting - it might be more representative to use ‘angular momentum’ rather than spin (happy to be corrected on that by the way.). In which case the election pair scenario is then about considering how a pair of electrons might best fit together with their angular momenta ‘aligned’. There is still a problem though in that even if we drop the word spin, the term angular momentum itself implies (in classical terms) that something is rotating (or spinning). So to get to the bottom of this we need to determine if the intrinsic angular momentum of an electron is representative of a genuine ‘spin’ or is it something else that is definitely not related to any kind of classical spin. I actually think is one of the most important areas to get to the bottom of. Stern-Gerlach experiments confirms the intrinsic, quantised angular momentum states (‘up or down’ etc) of an electron, but in not sure we know what the angular momentum refers to especially if it cannot be any kind of classical spin.
@@alwayscurious413 "Spin" not a physical property (that's impossible by its features). Do you think QM can tell us anything actually physical about a subatomic particle? No. It's about imagined quanta and probabilities of that quanta - laid out as probability density waves for a given system. It all lives in the maths. They call particles "probability density functions", because they aren't even sure if they are there. It's great as a tool to predict certain things where resolution is not important, but it's far from perfect, but yet they follow the maths until it shows something that clearly doesn't exist - if it's possible to check - otherwise they just imagine it exists and carry on with the maths. "Spin" is just a made-up property to fulfil a mathematical parameter in a relatable (classical) way - to give it meaning. One day, I think we'll realise that QM was just a placeholder for some superior physical mechanics model. I'm not against QM, but I'm against using it for things it wasn't meant for, because there, mistakes grow eternally.
@@Satori_kun I suppose they're both compromises, but to different degrees. QM was _created_ as a compromise, though, essentially, but I suppose it depends on perspective. _Relativity._ With QM you take individual things as systems at different levels - you can't understand the core properties, so we create a quanta-world and predict its probable state as an ever-expanding "cloud" of mystery. That's a turn away from understanding to me. With classical physics, we understand things more objectively, it seems. We need that kind of precision of understanding in the atomic world. But maybe it's God's way of protecting free will. I think QM annoys me because of people like Sean Carroll who spread QM BS about mathematical anomalies as reality to the public who take them as fact - watch his interview with Neil deGrasse Tyson, and they talk about it - he basically admits to misleading the public about these _mysterious quantum worlds._ Probably to get funding, who knows.
@@GetMoGaming Spin is a physical property and you saying it's not clearly shows that in this regard you are quite uneducated. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), electron spin resonance (ESR), giant magneto resistance (GMR) and more are all direct applications of the spin. Your hard drive works via GMR. The Stern-Gerlach experiment measures the spin of electrons, you can't deny this reality. You may don't like the way QM is written but it makes correct predictions about the natural world that has been tested positively and quantum effects are used in every device where you can't explain how they work in classical physics. You may trust or not trust me, but I did these experiments myself as a physics student. I measured GMR, the spin of electrons, used ESR to measure the magnetic field the earth and the Landé factor of electrons. In the nuclear lab I measured the spin of a radio active nucleus and so did hundreds of students in my university alone.
imagine we had a room temperature superconductor who could use ordinary water as a coolant to reach its critical point, and that a large swamp land is filled with this material.
would we just have cool floating islands over it, or would it have some negative side effects?
Would it be possible to make an electron laser?
You can see matter waves any day of the year if you go to the nearest beach
Anyone can see matter waves by filling a container with a low-viscosity liquid and then dropping into it an object that is 2 orders of magnitude smaller than the container and isn't buoyant. For example, a small rock dropped into a bathtub containing water. ☝🏻
Does it have any impedance?
4:49 whoa after watching those waves, it looked like the walls were moving.
great explanation!
It's still super conducting! DOH!
Oh man I know how that feels.
I heard that pyrolytic carbon can be superconductor under room temperature, but it’s weak.
Is this true though?
I wonder if this concept can work if one assumes that electric current doesn't flow through wires, but through the electromagnetic field around the wires. One theory suggests movement of electrons are not responsible for current but merely the means by which the electric field is created.
.Thank you.
Excellent explanation
I recently learned that "high temperature" superconductors just means they can be made superconductive with liquid nitrogen and don't require something more exotic
Why do low temps cause decrease resistance in wires but cold temps increase resistance of batteries?
Our beneficent presenter explained why low temperatures decrease wire resistance. As for batteries, I'm guessing that low temperatures reduce the rate of a battery's internal chemical reactions that produce the electrical current.
In batteries it affects the properties of the electrolyte. Unrelated but low temps also affect semiconductors differently.
Nice.
Rumor has it that dude has a grizzly bear rug in his living room , But the problem is it's not dead , It's just afraid to move ....
when did he become Chuck Norris? lmao
Great video, so room temperature superconductors have been spoken about for a very long time, many years...surely there has been some serious progress, could you do a video on that, some next level theory at least or at best visit the likes of MIT to see how far they have progressed and what they think could work at room temp
I realized halfway through the video, that this would all make more sense if I just knew what a conductor is...
Google is your friend when it comes to defining words. Or you can just ask one of the hundreds of AI programs to "dumb it down" for you. Or watch one of the hundreds of UA-cam videos on what conductors are 🤷🏼♂️
A conductor is an object or material that is really good at accepting and transferring heat or electric charges/electricity. An insulator is an object or material that does not accept or transfer heat or electricity well, and may block transfer of them. Like "insulated wire", there's a rubber coating on the outside of all wires, so electricity (and heat) can't jump from one wire to another if it were to touch another along the length, and not the ends, causing a short. Then, metals are used to carry/move/transfer energy (electricity and heat) because it's a very good conductor.
That's why the superconductor was shown to have no resistance in this video while in a circuit because it's VERY good at transferring electricity (and heat) so the electrons just flow right through it with no problem, because it's a "super"-conductor
Hope that helps. It actually helped me to think it through lol
Superconducting may have something to do with the Bose-Einstein condensate and Fermionic condensate effects.
3:50 "2 electrons together having a spin of 0? Loook what a -bozo- boson!"
I wonder how many times you twist your tongue saying superconductor lol
In my chemistry theory of relativity stars drift from the center of the galaxy due to losing electron charge and continuous pressure exerting from the center of the galaxy pushes a solar system outward from the centers EMF
It would be interesting to hear why certain materials are supercunductors and some are not.
If things are infinitely divisible then how massive or miniscule they are depends on what they are compared to and there is no true size or quantity only relative size and quantity. But I don't think that can be true because then anything of mass would be black hole massive compared to something else. There must be an absolute minimum but I also wonder if there could also be an absolute maximum beyond which the absolute minimum quantity is reset to a greater order of relative magnitude. Where the scale must be recalibrated to a new base unit of measurement so to speak? I know that a black hole has to do with compressing mass into a small enough space but how far would you need to compress a single proton to get a black hole? There has to be some limitation and I wonder if space being quantized might define the limits. Maybe space is quantized on different scales which allows for different limits with higher orders of magnitudes? Could be why quantum mechanics and general relatively don't work well together? Maybe it's a matter of figuring out how physics change depending on which scale is used. Is there a way to predict at what point the scales need to be reset and are there laws that govern how physics change on different scales? It's pretty mind boggling to think about.
youtube giving me banger content right after I come home 🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
💯😁
The most understandable explanation of super conductors I've ever heard.
Electron - Electron repulsion bugs me in this model, but REALLY GREAT VIDEO and DEMO!!! THANKS 🌊- Wave Mechanics
wasn't their recently scientists that did create some sort of room temp superconductor??
Love from Pakistan ❤❤❤❤❤😊
why does it turn negative briefly as you pull the superconductor away from the measuring device?
I don't know which bit you're referring to, but either measurement error or the movement of the magnet
Magnetic induction, the superconductor is magnetised, it is an ideal diamagnet
So cool, then we could create levitating cars with a room temperature superconductor
Not yet, but maybe some day, but then how would you stop?
@@Tletna maybe they’ll have a 2nd superconductor or magnet that can be controlled with temperature/electricity that can to pull against the ground that may create more friction or resistance somehow. Or maybe a wind sail can also open to slow down. Also depending how high the cars can levitate they may be able to drive above each other and there would be a lot more distance between vehicles requiring less need for quick braking. Or maybe magnet can be used to repel cars away from other cars so they can never crash
Use the car's kinetic energy to generate electricity. That's how the Toyota Prius got great mileage in stop-and-go city traffic environment. It has regenerative braking to capture the kinetic energy to slow down the car and reuse the generated electric energy stored into the electric batteries to accelerate the car.
The diesel-powered trains are also electric hybrids which use regenerative braking. It's a reason why they're so widely used instead of being fully electric.
If the braking mechanism can stop a train, I'm pretty sure that something similar can be designed and built to stop a car.
People need to realize that all the results from quantum mechanics applies to fluids as well.
This is miracle stuff you’re talking about 😮. What’s next??😳
As always, great video!
Place a magnet over a superconductor in a pure vacuum, and apply spin. When will it stop? Photon friction? Quantum foam?
Now that's really interesting
I'm guessing it'll slow down as it cools but since it's a vacuum it'll cool down slower
If the magnetic field of the magnet isn't perfectly symmetrical it will 'radiate' magnetic field variations which is essentially the same as radiating low frequency radio waves or light. This energy loss will slow it down. The same effect should theoretically take place with gravity but take much longer.
@@pixelpatter01
Thank you. I'd detected a little Hawking radiation in this thought experiment. I'm joking. But not really.
If all were ideal and perfect, I think it would keep spinning. Any tiny magnetic variations would result in losses and slow it down though...
@@WouterVerbruggen
Right? The fact that there has never been any 'closed system' observed, and that it can't actually be mathematically proven a closed system is possible, leads me to only one conclusion. The universe an open system; and by that it is implied even across time. In some ways that is more terrifying than a close universe.
Hi, you are my favourite youtuber
Jumper cables still have resistance. Let's short the battery with a superconductor!
Wouldn't that just use up his car battery, quite quickly, possible damaging it with its own low internal resistance?
peace be upon you sir from me
Ya'll seen the lexus hover board ? they made a skate park with magnets and used 2 huge semi-conductors with a tank full of Liquid N lol ... great !!
What's the matter, waves?
What a wonderfully clear and insightful explanation. You've answered a lot of questions that I had been pondering since uni 👍
Any more better help and im out.
just unsubed they only seem to care about money
He's in it for the money. He's banned my main account from exposing him deleting b3tterh3lp-related comments.
@@leegoldr I second this. I would give a reason but filters keep getting my comments removed.
You know there is a button that lets you skip ahead 10 seconds right
@@Novrix7 you know promoting a company that take advantage of people seeking mental health is just wrong. And if you see it any other way your part of the problem
So if we figure out a way to superconduct a big metal object, we can have antigravity, basically a flying saucer that behaves as a wave, and can move around without any air resistance.
I think it's a matter of time that we figure it out, it will revolutionize transportation and will simultaneously be an incredible security threat. This might be why black budget programs are still secret...
Matter Waves huh. The more important question is does it wave hello or wave goodbye.
You will get a levitating trains and cars if you find a room temperature semiconductor
Most physics should be doing these kinds of practical field experiments, instead of sitting behind a computer dreaming up theoretical singularities that go nowhere. Thank you for your work.
You do know Einstein was a theoretical physicist right?
@@Imaboss8ball Yeah, but there hasn't been any major breakthroughs for 70 years after Einstein. As if you couldn't work that out, lol.
@@Matlockization lol there has been tons of new stuff discovered due to the efforts of theoretical physicists. Arguably we need more theoretical physicists to answer the questions that remain.
@@Imaboss8ball Yeah ? Like what are the 'tons of new stuff discovered by theoretical physicists' ?
Many of us are! Unfortunately it costs a lot of money, so we need models to help us choose which direction to go
6:32~6:43 - What are those little beads moving on the bench to the right of the power supply?