Truly Understanding Nitrifying vs. Denitrifying Bacteria & The Effects on Aquarium Plants & Fish.
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- Опубліковано 5 вер 2024
- Today's video also has a "Supplemental Reading Material" post on the "Community" tab of My UA-cam channel.
Today we will be discussing far more than the basic aquarium based nitrogen cycle, but rather looking at the natural and wholistic view of the MANY nitrogen cycles, AND in BOTH "directions".
Nitrifying bacteria in aerobic conditions as well as anoxic, or low oxygen environments found in freshwater lakes, ponds, rivers and wet soil or sediments- as well as the denitrifying bacteria which break down complex nitrogen rich compounds into their more basic elements.
We will also talk about the newest research on anerobic- Nitrifying and denitrifying bacteria in the deep, oxygen-free substrates and sediments. As well as the apparent link to the sequestration of methane gas and hydrocarbons in freshwater "sinks", which humans have begun to release since the industrial revolution, aka the "Anthropocene".
Today's video also has a "Supplemental Reading Material" post on the "Community" tab of My UA-cam channel. If you'd like to see the chemical equations or the molecular metabolism flow charts, as well as the outline I put together and read from, it's all available under that community tab (You may need to scroll back in the post history if you are watching this some point later than January 2021).
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ALL THE INFO IN THIS VIDEO, IS WRITTEN AND AVAILABLE UNDER THE "COMMUNITY" TAB OF THIS CHANNEL. Simply go to the community tab and print or copy the text format outline & notes to follow along the video with, if you would like to see equations and enzymes etc. Written out visibly. Enjoy folks!
This was SO info packed, holey moley man, incredible! Thanks so much from dropping all this knowledge to us all
Thanks for tuning in! Have a great week
Great info Alex, thank you for your time and the info, this video lit up some light bulbs for me.
Thanks again Alex for sharing your knowledge with us. Congratulations on the new house man. You and your wife deserve it.
Thanks brother. I appreciate that, and appreciate you. I hope you're doing well!
Thanks for this video Alex I know this took a lot of time and effort and research and I enjoyed every second of it. Beautiful tank by the way. I like your channel because of the depth that you go into on many different subjects. Keep up the good work and I hope your health improves!
Thanks buddy! I always appreciate the support and your kind words
Fantastic discussion.
Especially pertinent given that most hobbyist's understand 3 steps of the nitrogen cycle, the problem being that this cycle is one of the largest and most complex cycles on the planet; often rivaling the scale of the carbon and water cycles...
So an overview that goes past 3 common steps is simply awesome to see.
If you're looking for a good follow on discussion point. The "cation exchange capacity" of soil and sediment is a great next step. It will tie in how the mineral portion interacts.
As is "
Liebig's law of the minimum" which is an 1800's principle that agriculture still uses today in understanding limiting rates, sufficiency, and deficiencies (which changes with pH for every element, just to make it more complicated).
I actually was just thinking about how to tie in the notion of the oxygen and nitrogen power.... explosives, fuel oxidizes, fertilizers and the industrial revolution/ crop rotation. Something about how much energetic potential (even outside nuclear obviously) nitrogen possess or catalyzes
I originally started out with aquariums because I was bored and wanted a centerpiece for my kitchen. Started getting more interested with having live plants and now 2 years later after finding your channel I have a great appreciation for everything that goes on inside of an aquarium and I have to give that credit to you. You give such great explanations in a way that isn't boring and it has really given me a new way of looking at the natural world outside of the aquarium hobby. Thank you so much for your knowledge that you give out for free, it is very much appreciated. btw please excuse my username I don't really feel like changing it
Well thank you very much for the compliments. It really makes me happy to hear I've helped someone else enjoy nature, and the calming beauty and intricacies of the hobby. Thank you for being a part of the community and for tuning in! Cheers
This was very informative, and I watched it twice to make sure I got everything! Thanks for taking the time to compile all of this information Alex!
100% buddy, thanks
Great vid! Watched it three times!
Glad you enjoyed it! Thank you and welcome!
Love this video learned something from this❤❤
Hi Alex I just found you through Father Fish, very informative thanks
Oh right on! Welcome. Please feel free to ask any questions or add to the conversation with any of your own info or ideas!
Very interesting topic mate, thanks for all the information
Sure thing, brother! Glad you're interested
Sweet. I would love to hear your take on this. The complete nitrogen cycle
Totally unrelated but i love your sub pop hat! I had a tee from them for years n years.. ill rep the PNW forever :-) also, your jacket or sweater is just magical too.. love them both!
I've been everywhere in the USA (Except Nebraska) and PNW always calls me home, when I've been gone. Also sub pop was just such a big part of my teens, growing up here. Half the city's best bands were on sub pop, as were a few different groups of my close friends who were in local bands like Fleet Foxes, Modest Mouse and Rilo Kiley (Jenny lewis)
Keep it up mate .fantastic info.👍👍🇬🇧
Sorry it was so dense and a bit repetitive, but the info is there lol... I had a hard time remembering it all
Thank you for lesson
I am gonna learn today...
Tanks Alex love what you do ❤i always feel more enlighten after dealing with you👊
Thank you brother! I'm glad others enjoy what I do, as well. I'm just learning all this new stuff about bacteria over the last few months, so everyone gets to join me for the b
Journey haha
@@Fishtory thanks for taking us along
Wow really good info, I am trying to make a better add on filter with my dad to take out nitrates. You have given us a great idea 💡
This can be done on a hang on back? I would have thought that water to be moving too quickly to have an anaerobic zone.
It's done in the substrate, within anerobic or anoxic zones.
I used a drip reacted full of lava rock but couldn't get the drip rate to increase without killing of the bacteria. I wonder if I could use soil in a reactor in some way to scrub nitrates? Might try doing something, maybe heating the reactor.
This video would have been 100x better with a whiteboard diagram instead of the aquarium as background.
While I agree...there is an outline of it all under the community tab that has notes in order and all the chemical reactions and enzymes etc
Good information.
Thank you kindly for watching!
Ok lets do this
Nice! Many thanks!
Thanks for running in
Love your SubPop beanie
Hah oh thanks, it's just part of the outfit you get when you grew up in Seattle in the 1990s lol
I keep trying to hold firm and not "pop the cap" with gravel vacuuming. Over time I am noticing that if I gravel vacuum and disturb the 'mulm' (malm?) i sometimes end up with the same or higher nitrates than before the water change. But why does every single beginner fish keeper video stress the importance of vacuuming the gravel then?? I think I might still be misunderstanding some of the chemistry involved.
Well you either have to keep a tank like 100% clean of mulm and debris. Or let nature cycle the decaying detritus and vegetation thick enough that it can cycle nitrates and ammonia / trap all the good fertilizers needed.
I have a video called "how to gravel vacuum " or "do I really need to gravel vacuum" ...something like that, where I go into quite a bit of detail about it :)
I’m on my 3rd listen. I keep getting distracted by the plecos. 😍
Haha tis a dense dense one, I'm sure it won't get many views...but the people who count will get something from it. Thanks Ginger. Hugs
Awesome video what's your take on a deep sand bed in your sump never disturbed?
Usually never disturbed, with lava rock and or pumice in it randomly...and often with pvc (with holes drilled all over in the middle...running horizontally through big sections ...so some water slowly moves, and is trapped over time
@@Fishtory awesome thanks I read something about the pvc so gonna research more thank you
What is your recommendation on how to get an already established tank to break down nitrates faster than they are produced at other stages in the cycle so they stop building in the water?
Well you have only 2 real options unless you have deep deep substrate and years to wait ( bacteria and fungi can sequester and or use nitrates in low to no oxygen zones...but it takes 6months to a year to be converted back to elemental nitrogen and be used by plant roots, or stored up harmlessly as a gas. )
.
But you can use more plants, and turn up the light intensity, and add co2 so the plants also grow faster....or #2 just physically remove it via water changes
To bad its hard to scape a 20gallon long similar to yours i need to try to incorate hardscape because i get lookung at just a normal lighty planted tank always wanted to try aquascaping but once the lazyness gets gone its a wrapp?
Never have any problems cycling a planted tank, but I created a bare bottom discus breeding tank and the ammonia went up and wont do anything at all. I even did large water changes and it still flings back up and never get to the nitrite stage. Any tips to get this tank to cycle? I added aquaponics to the top, it has a peat ball and an akadama ball and 4 small canisters with sponge and scoria, plus sponge filters.
So the main issue is likely surface area for aerobic ( " normal " fish tank, nitrosillus bacteria) to colonize, and then just as importantly, you'll need to move all that water around, and over the filter media. So if you have a hydroponic tray with a pump or power head, you can add more bioballs, or filter floss etc. Material and basically need to create 2 things, 1. A bottleneck for all water to flow through, so it can come into contact with that beneficial bacteria, just like it does in a Hang off the Back Filter or sponge filter, and 2. You need to move the water with ammonia off the bottom, out of the corners of the tank etc. So any flow caused by an air pump or intake tube for an HOB filter or power head should do that...
The real solution is just add more surface area for bacteria to colonize and make sure the water is moving and churning with some oxygen in it... it could help to add a bubble wall or airstone of decent size, into the tank, if you don't have a filter that breaks surface tension on the water...the surface is where all gas exchange occurs in water. So CO2 leaves and O2 enter every time that surface tension is broken .
Long answer short, I'd just add a big sponge filter or a decent size hang off the back filter, with the carbon pack removed and replaced with more surface area of bio balls or filter floss.
Hope that helps! Best wishes to you and your discus!
Do you vacuum your tank and remove old food and poo regularly? If so how often?
Check out my video on 'gravel vacuuming' itll tell you all that and much more hehe
Hey. Secret history. How many nano fish could I put in a 20 gallon planted tank. Fish such as. Clown killifish. Chili rasboras. Pygmy corys CPDs. Emerald rasboras Neon blue rasbora
Hi Alex. Great video. Question: so this will also work in a non planted tank? What will happen in a few years? If I don't touch the gravel .
Also, what's your opinion on plenum? Is it any better?
Thanks in advance
Honestly, it seems like a plenum with a lift tube has promise (but from what I've tried, I've never seen some major or statistically significant reduction in Nitro-waste produces.
This system can work without plants in theory, but it relies on surface area completely (like false grass, filter floss or maybe marbles with gaps between -could allow growth of dense nitrifying mats of bacteria. However, it'll take time, and then need to never be disturbed, or the ammonia will get unlocked from the cap (plants remove it). So while possible, it would not produce oxygen (so likely you'd need an airstone or powerhead etc). And if the cap is disturbed, you have a deadly ammonia bomb just waiting to leak or crash the tank.
So possible, but risky
@@Fishtory
Thank you for the quick response.
So basically I have a 75 gallon fish tank and I have filters and air pump. And the set up is , half the tank is planted in soil and the other half is colored gravel with fake plants. 1 Half for me the other for my wife. 😊
So I'm moving house next week and that is why I asked about the plenum. And I want to set it up the tank in a similar way with no gravel vacuum. ( on that half) until now I vacuum gravel on that half. What are your thoughts?
Thanks in advance.
@@mendy3115 so my advice would be to gravel vacuum only about an inch or half inch above the substrate surface. Basically you want to allow some of the mulm, poop and plant material/bits of food, so SLOWLY build up...and then bacteria that
@@Fishtory Thank you again. Same advice If I'm going to have shrimps?
Also, I have already those pieces for under gravel filter. So should I use it as plenum under the gravel part "because why not" or no to bother?
Coolio
i liked the video but cant i just use stability seachem?
I used it to kick off a lava rock reactor
Same!
You can use it in the deeper substrates when setting up ...that'll help. But if you wanna use it other ways, it's all up to you. I don't need it, due to my substrates and low tds tap water
20 long deep substrate eco complete red,black lasagne layered spnge filter .mistskenly placed wave maker diwn swept subrtate released gas 2 neo shrimp died checked 25-50 ppm amonia ,water chsnged 0 nitrate,0 nitrie amminia 25-50 no death of fish densely stem planted?😮😮
Whoa. Do you mean .25 to .5 ppm ammonia? I assume so. Most fish will survive that for a day or two but it can burn their gills and skim. Shrimp are far more sensitive..i is wish you the best in the future. Hopefully it only took a few days to Even back out with plants working 💪
Nerd! 🤓
Noooooo!
@@Fishtory love the info. I don't think I could pronounce any of those weird sciencey names haha