Pharmacology of Antimetabolites (Anticancer Drugs Part 1) [ENGLISH] | Dr. Shikha Parmar

Pharmacology of Antimetabolites (Anticancer Drugs Part 1) [ENGLISH] by Dr. Shikha Parmar
Excessive, abnormal and uncontrolled growth of body cell is called cancer. Cancer is the name given to a collection of related diseases. In all types of cancer, some of the body’s cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues. Many cancers form solid tumours, which are masses of tissue. Cancers of the blood, such as leukaemias, generally do not form solid tumours. Cancerous tumours are malignant, which means they can spread into, or invade nearby tissues. In addition, as these tumours grow, some cancer cells can break off and travel to distant places in the body through the blood or the lymph system and form new tumours far from the original tumour.
Unlike malignant tumours, benign tumours do not spread into, or invade nearby tissues. Benign tumours can sometimes be quite large, however, when removed, they usually don’t grow back, whereas malignant tumours sometimes do. Unlike most benign tumours elsewhere in the body, benign brain tumours can be life-threatening.
Metastatic cancer has the same name and the same type of cancer cells as the original, or primary, cancer. For example, breast cancer that spreads to and forms a metastatic tumour in the lung is metastatic breast cancer, not lung cancer.
Symptoms of cancer may be following found in patients with different cancers: fatigue, weight loss, pain, skin changes, change in bowel or bladder function, unusual bleeding, persistent cough or voice change, fever, lumps, or tissue masses.
Antimetabolites are drugs that interfere with one or more enzymes or their reactions that are necessary for DNA synthesis. They affect DNA synthesis by acting as a substitute to the actual metabolites that would be used in the normal metabolism (for example antifolates interfere with the use of folic acid) Such substances are often similar in structure to the metabolite that they interfere with, such as the antifolates that interfere with the use of folic acid; thus, competitive inhibition can occur, and the presence of antimetabolites can have toxic effects on cells, such as halting cell growth and cell division, so these compounds are used as chemotherapy for cancer.
Examples of cancer drug antimetabolites include, but are not limited to the following: (1) 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) (2) 6-Mercaptopurine (6-MP)
(3) Capecitabine (4) Cytarabine (5) Floxuridine (6) Fludarabine
(7) Gemcitabine (8) Hydroxycarbamide (9) Methotrexate (10) Pemetrexed
(11) Phototrexate
Description Source: Wikipedia

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