The real praise goes to the men who designed and figured out how to make all of the mechanism to produce that very gear you just made. They didn’t have anything but a chunk of metal and an idea!
I would guess that in the machine shop of your youth ,cutting things like spiral gears was a mark of being a top machinist. It took years but you now are in that elite group.
No doubt and consider not only the investment in time/apprenticeship but EQUIPMENT.. Just wow. I think this would be a REALLY high end well equipped shop in its day. $$$
Gears get, and got, made on specialized gear making machines called gear hobs. Gleason and Pfauter are two brands I remember, but there are others. That gear would have been done in an hour in a gear shop. A former employer of mine sent me to gear school in Chicago about 25 years ago.
Every time I think about complicated gears, I think about the Herringbone gears that they used in tanks in WW2 (Tanks that my Dad served it, actually!) and my mind goes into convulsions...... Clark cast a few, but until I saw that the tips of the "V" was either curved or interrupted, the machining of them just baffled me..... The Helical gear that you're making - I could see what needed to be done, and what had to happen to make it work, but going through all the details that the machine had to accomplish at the same time is just amazing. As several other commenters have said - my DEEPEST Congratulations to ALL the engineers and machinists who invented and made these machines that made this possible. Without them, we'd still be riding in Horse and Carts! And YOUR expertise in knowing how to use them, and willingness to show us, too, Keith!
they are done on a machine like a shaper but with two rams one in/out the the other the same . very much like a Gleason gear hobing machine they had one at the Iron works that I served my time at only one guy in the machine shop used it 😀they did up to 24 inch dia gears on it spur and helical
There’s a video on UA-cam of a large herringbone gear being cut on a special model of the Sunderland gear planer. These versions had ‘dh’ in the model name. Sunderland machines use cutters with a few teeth in the form of a rack; it’s easier to watch it in action than to try to describe it!
Excellent Job Keith! I remember cutting my first on a homemade CNC. writing the program in LinuxCNC to automatically do the indexing. lead and cutting etc... now for your next challenge ... Helical Bevel gears. the ultimate measure of a machinist.
One remarkable thing that can't be dismissed is the fact that all of this equipment was designed without the benefit of any sort of computer. No CAD. No solid modeling. Just a slide rule, a drafting table and a whole lot of brain power. Very impressive.
Up until that first cut, I couldn’t understand how this crazy setup was going to work. Then immediately it started I got it. It’s like alchemy. Magic. Fascinating stuff. Thanks for sharing.
And remember that this sort of set up was invented probably 120-130 or more years ago! Man those Victorian engineers both sides of the Atlantic were true engineers of the first order! When these things might have been only theory, these men went out and designed the machines to actually DO the work. Hats off all round I say!
Keith, there is a difference between a spiral and a helix, they are not interchangeable. A spiral's diameter changes, from the center outward, and is typically in the same plane. The spiral in your 3 jaw scroll chuck that moves the chuck jaws would be an example. Whereas a helix typically does not change diameter. It is a line that runs around the diameter of a cylinder that progresses along the length of the cylinder from one end to the other. A helix viewed from the end, through its diameter, appears as a simple circle. People very often confuse the two and call a helix a spiral, as is the case of a spiral stair case, where actually the correct term should be a helical stair case.
Wow! You MEs rock! First, you had to decide to make helical gears, then do the math to figure out angles, depths, et cetera to make them work, then you had to make the machines to make the gears, and then the enclosures to hold the shafts and gears. And then, you do it backwards with no discernible damage. My hat is off to you, Keith! Congratulations!
Fantastic outcome Keith. The look of joy on your face said it all. I have watched all episodes of this task, and they were all a pleasure to watch. If you just showed us a finished spiral gear, and said "I made this, it's my first one", nobody would have a clue how much time, effort, research, skill, trial and error went into it. It's been an education, and an interesting one.
Rebuilding Lead Attachment - check! Machining new Shaft - check! Upgrading the Index Wheel - check! Changing to Universal Head - check! Being in Excel Hell for days - check! Seeing those first cuts must have put a huge grin on your face! Well done!
I have to bow to the engineers back in the day that did all the math and figured out how to do this. A complicated setup, and a lot of stuff needed in order to do it, but wow. Bowing to you as well for being able to decipher all that from the books in information and get it all to work.
Thank you Keith for this wonderful and fascinating series of videos. Before you dismantle the machine setup, why don't you go ahead and make a run of those gears. Since so many thousands of Austin Sevens were built, many of which are still running, I expect there is a market for new timing gears. Of course you should also make the smaller mating gear that fits on the front of the crankshaft.
I wonder if, when you accepted that job, you realized all the problems you had to solve, parts and pieces you had to make or obtain and the changes in the machinery you were going to use. This is first time and it must have been rewarding at time and very frustrating at others to realize what had to be done to do this job in the usual Rucker style (Perfect). This has been an interesting project for those who watch and the educational value is invaluable. Thanks for another demonstration of the machinists skill. CNC machines do all this in a blink. I wonder how many "Machinists can do what you have done in your back-yard shop. The collections of machinery you have is a demonstration of the ingenuity of the industry in the USA. Thanks for the project, Keith. This has been a wonderful education in perseverance, dogged determination and ultimate success.
Cut my machining teeth on machines like this making airplane parts at McDonnell Aircraft in St. Louis MO in 1958. Fun to watch you do what I used to do. We never made gears like what you are doing but we did very similar, tricky, setups to make airplane and space capsule parts. Sure enjoy watching you do what you do. You make excellent, educational, video’s. Thank you for going to the trouble. Jack, in Missouri
Congratulations on your superb workmanship. How refreshing to hear you talk in thousandths of an inch. Over here we had the Metric System foisted upon us. At least in America you have stuck to the principle that “If it ain’t Broke Don’t fix it”. All the very best from “Old York” England.
😂 But it was broke! Basing a universal system on 3 grains of barley? You remember Whitworth, of course and the confusion that wrecked NASA's Mars landing? Never mind converting thousandths to fractions all the time. Even today the Americans use their own gallons. So much wrong with that antiquated system, and I work in both, depending on the measurements, the materials and which country I happen to be in at the time.
I too am from York, England and do my machine work in microns. In the end it makes no difference whatsoever; the power of the metric system is in its consistent use of base 10, but if you're working in decimal inches you get that same benefit anyhow. Though outside of decimal inches, the gap starts to open up - I must admit I'm not at all sorry that I don't have to work with letter and number drills and all of that.
As others have said: seeing the happiness and satisfaction in your expression at the end was really uplifting. So much prep, but a tangible, solid, excellent result. Thanks for sharing all of it with us! I'm eager for the real thing.
A great show of tenacity Keith! The setup is like poetry in motion. Don't forget that since this is a timing gear in an engine the position of the key slot could be critical!
That's a great series and a great restoration of capability on the K and T mill in service of your subscriber's Austin Seven restoration. Fun to watch, and must have been really satisfying. But, for the record, it's a timing gear, and it doesn't mesh with its mating gear at 90 degrees, but rather on parallel shafts. The right test is whether the original and the test run mesh when laying flat.
You are right about the parallel shafts, but your idea of testing the plastic gear meshing with the original gear won't work, two gears cut at the same 45 degrees will never mesh as the point of contact is 90 degrees out when they are in the same plane, try drawing the gear cuts on some toilet rolls (or something) and see why they are mismatched, you need a gear cut at the opposite 45 degrees to mesh when in the same plane. Which is why Keith showed us the way he did, the two identical 45s make a perfect 90 when meshed as shown and only as shown.
Love this channel, been a follower for about a year now, also HI to all the Engineers out there, i`m not an Engineer myself sadly but my Father was so i inherited some of his love for precision and quality, i`m a 53 year old Kitchen Installer from the UK with almost 40 years experience who takes great pride in the quality and accuracy of my jobs, i`m also heavily into ancient engineering techniques, specifically how the so called Dynastic Egyptians cut and polished igneous stone like Granite and Diorite which has a Mohs scale hardness of 6 - 8, there are a good few Engineers out there now who believe, as i do, that these highly accurate monuments and statues were cut on machines similar to lathes and mills, the precision on some of these artefacts is to within 100th of a millimeter yet were are told by the mainstream archaeological community that they were done using copper tools, chisels and dolorite pounders BY HAND, anyone who knows Quartz, as i do as we use it for countertops, knows it can not be cut or shaped using copper or bronze tools to this precision, also under a microscope these objects don`t show impact marks which you would associate with chiselling and hammering, they are perfectly smooth, perfectly square and they even pass the light test with an engineers light test you can`t get that accuracy by hand, many of these artefacts show evidence of tube drills cut at a rate that we can`t replicate even with today`s highly advanced CNC machines, there`s evidence that huge 1200 tonne blocks and single columns were cut using a huge overhead circular saw and Live Centre holes in the bases of 200 - 300 tonne single piece granite pillars, there is an English Aerospace Engineer who moved to the States called Christopher Dunn, his qualifications are second to none in the field of Engineering, he`s travelled to Egypt and other locations around the globe and conducted tests on many of these artefacts and he`s concluded they had to have been cut and created using ancient engineering machines, something we are told never existed in pre history yet the evidence discounts that, there is a channel on UA-cam called UnchartedX presented by an aussie guy called Ben, his channel is dedicated to exposing these incredible highly accurate artefacts and calls for academia to acknowledge that there was once a long lost forgotten ancient highly advanced civilisation that existed before 12.500 years ago and was erased from human history by what`s known as The Younger Dryas Impact, a theory that has since been proven correct and it`s been peer reviewed, my big ask in all this to all you Engineers out there is to have a look at Chris Dunns work and Ben`s over at UnchartedX, see the evidence for yourselves when you get time and if at all possible lend your expertise and engineering knowledge to their work, the more skilled engineers who get on board the quicker science and archaeology will take it seriously, the theory is that in pre history there was a highly advanced global civilisation that had the knowledge and technical ability to build these ancient monuments and that the Dynastic Egyptians only uncovered, inherited and repurposed these sites thousands of years later once Earth`s climate settled down and human population and society was rebuilt, a big ask i know but i know these guys would appreciate your time and skilled knowledge to either agree with their hypothesis or point out errors in their theories, thanks for reading all this, i appreciate it cheers. Glen, West Midlands UK.
Yes! You summarized it all beautifully @Glen Claypool Smith! These Egyptian Pre Dynastic civilizations have yet to be out done in their mastery of fashioning not only Granite, and Diorite, but in quarrying, moving and accurate placement of enormous tons of material, that can not be matched even with today's modern machinery and equipment!
Many years ago I went into the engine room of the Queen Mary in California and saw these spiral gears that were several feet long. I wondered then how they made those and finally figured it out today when you said it would make a full revolution if you let it go long enough. I had not made that connection until then.
Can you imagine the work required to figure out this complicated interlocking tool arrangement and design the individual mechanisms and how they must interact to make that simple angled-tooth gear? Amazing!
We have a good friend who has owned a machine shop for 40 yrs. His biggest problem is finding people that can do a manual set up like that. Kudos to your ability.
Hello Keith, Would you happen to want to share the spreadsheet with me for the math calculations? I would much appreciate the formulas laid out in easy to use program. I can send an email Thanks Keith
Awesome accomplishment! It's not an easy thing to even understand the setup, much less the entire process. I watched my grandpa do that 45 years ago on pretty much the same tools. At the time I didn't comprehend the complexity. It was even more challenging for him. No computers to help with the computations or videos to watch another master machinist demonstrate it. And to top it of us was self taught. He only completed third grade in school. The rest he did on his own! Lord I miss him!
Thanks Keith. I've finally got my head around what's going on here but it took some searching and reading up on Wikipedia entries to clear up some confusion between straight bevel gears and spiral bevel gears. Heck I didn't even know the term "tooth line" which in this case is straight but in the spiral bevel gear is curved. Gears seem simple but there's several competing factors to finding the best type for the application e.g. torque, noise, wear and axis alignment. An engineer could make a career out of nothing more than gear design.
And that's the way it is done, congrats!!!. I remember back at school, the teacher made us, once a tooth was cut, lower the table, move it back, turn the divider plate to the next tooth, move up the table, and start cutting. Excellent job Keith!!!!
Keith, be interested to know how you found the centerline of the part to the cutter set at 45° from the axis of the gear. It's no problem finding center cutting a standard spur gear, but a spiral gear, not so easy. Back in my earlier years of my career in 1978, I worked on machines that cut long spirals on 30-foot-long steel bars. The spirals varied from 42" to 80" per revolution. We did it using DC motors and electronics. Ken
The amount of of mathmatical analysis to begin with, then converting those results into the proper set up and settings on the machine is intimidating. It is no wonder that more modern computer driven equipment has become so popular. My hat's off to you Keith. Very informative and the end product of a replacement gear for your customer will cost him more than his car if you add up your hours!
Woo Hoo ! it's a gear ! Man what a journey since that first video when you found the lead attachment. Great results and accomplishment...now just one more step. See you next time...
Keith this is REALLY cool. Your down to earth explanations are excellent. This kind of thing looks so much easier when someone else is doing it! Anyone who has ever had to build complex things knows how tedious this is and how hard it is to make sure everything is perfect. The test cut was a good call. I am having a hard time wrapping my head around why the backlash in the table isnt affecting the cutter when you reverse the travel to pull it back out...
So many variables and factors! I know some people haven't liked the multiple videos, and would rather just git it over with, but I'm grateful there has been time to split up some of the issues. These different sessions have allowed me to think about the various mind-boggling elements of the whole thing, and get a better idea. how it all fits together. Great work! Thanks for bringing us along. In the digitally-based technology I work with, we would never do ANYTHING without trial runs and testing and verifications (and tweaks!) before expecting it to work right. It is the way of things, so it was nice to see these full-dress test runs!
Wow, that was a neat show, Keith. I've cut a lot of gears, but never helicals in my life. In 35 years never had to cut a helical and I don't have the setups for it anyway. This was a fun and informative vid. Thank you, Keith!
Very good and thanks for sharing. I had trouble wrapping my mind about how the helical gears were cut and seeing it in action really cleared things up.
The general public has absolutely no idea how much effort goes into making a part like this. You certainly looked happy. When it comes to the actual part, can you cut a half depth going in and the other half depth on the way out to save going round twice? I don't know about other machinists but when I cut a gear, I have to be locked in my shop with NO disturbances whatsoever. It's a very satisfying process.
Doing the half and half is possible, But that would mean changing the table height "exactly" 60** times. I don't even want to think about introducing a missed step on any one of them...🤔was it up or down I have to adjust this time?😕=cutting air or double depth of cut ** If you have 30 teeth, do you have 30 "gaps" between teeth or only 29...
This was mesmerizing to watch. Gear and thread cutting are some of the most eye pleasing operations. When i do it, i can't enjoy it. I'm entirely too focused, but watching other people cut them is a genuine pleasure of mine.
Hey Kieth, your video is reminiscent of a back in the day setup I had making a set of spiral fluted shafts on a B.&S. Universal horizontal mill. I think it was in 1969. Thanks for the memory jog. Nice work!
Thanks Keith. That is a great series. The only thing I thought was that you could have shown the top edge of the first teeth which you cut too deep. It would be a good teaching moment for people watching. I remember 20yrs ago I cut a helical gear as part of a TAFE course (Trade College?). I managed to miss one increment by one hole when Indexing the part to the next tooth. The first indication that it was wrong was that the land on the top of the tooth was too narrow. So I had a 39 3/4 tooth gear! You did well. Theres a lot get right (or to go wrong) when doing helical gear cutting. That was fun, thanks. Look forward to seeing the real deal soon!
I can not imagine how much design and engineering went into making the first machines that could cut bevel gears like that. And way before even the earliest computers. Great job Keith.
Congratulation! It was fascinating to follow you along the journey and I appreciate that you show us the process in such a great detail. It is challenging to do such a complex project for the first time - and you add the challenge of filming everything and explaining live! I did a project with similar complexity recently and attempted to put it on video. So I know from my own experience how hard this is. You are a real master, Keith!
I've been doing machine work almost fifty years, cut quite a few straight cut gears over the years, never had to cut a helical gear. I really enjoyed watching the success of your cut in plastic. I've never done "a trial cut" although I've messed up more than one gear blank making a calculation error. That came out very nicely, looking right from start to finish.
This is really cool. I have never seen a helical gear cut like this on a milling machine. I knew you could do a spur gear like this on a mill or a shaper machine. This is cool to see a older manual milling machine setup and doing a job like this. I never seen a power table feed setup like that on a machine that allows you to us it as a pto drive. That opens up all kinds of possibilities for that machine. This is almost the same setup I would do when I ran gear making equipment. I used to run automatic hobbing machines for gears and shafts. But it’s really cool to see the old manual machines being used to it’s ability. Now days it’s all done with a push of a button almost. Don’t get me wrong CNC has a place but it’s not as enjoyable to watch as a operator and a manual machine when making something because that person is almost one with the equipment when they run it or you will make a mistake. You have to have that fill for that machine when running or you will never be able to produce a perfect part again and again. Great work I really enjoyed this.
I am surprised that you can back feed through that cut without lowering the knee. I really would have expected that even with a tight nut on the table feed screw there would be enough backlash in this system to make it rub feeding back through the cut. I am trying to figure out in my head if the backlash in the table feed actually compensates for the backlash in the lead attachment. Anyway, that is really cool, I can really empathize with the excitement and enjoyment seeing this gear emerge from the blank. The pride and satisfaction of a complex job done well. Congratulations.
i am in a belief that any backlash would have effect when feeding backwards with this setup. Same as lathe leadscrew. It wont follow the same path, than going forward.
@@HH-Machining that was what I was expecting, but I watched carefully and I didn't see any chips from cutting on the return, hence my mental gymnastics to try to figure out if backlash in the feed screw would be counteracted by backlash in the lead attachment. Keith has been machining long enough that I know he understands backlash, and is observant enough to notice if the cutter was actually cutting on the back feed. I am just trying to understand why it didn't, unless the plastic was soft enough that you couldn't feel/hear it cutting on the very light engagement on the return path.
@@fristlsat4663 I also tried to look out for some chips when backfeeding, but didnt notice any. This could easily be measured with existing setup and dial indicator. Maybe keith can explain or investigate this :)
seeing is believing, i didn't think you were going to pull it off, i just couldn't get my head wrapped around how you were going to setup and make this cut, now that i have seen i understand it better now, thanks for the video sir. always love to watch a master machinist at work.
Keith I have very much enjoyed this series. I can't wait to see you turn the actual part. I don't think people actually understand what all goes Into producing an obsolete part.
looks great! Looks like the biggest danger is being sure to over travel both ways a good amount so all backlash is removed before the cutter passes thru so it doesn't go oversize.
Keith: Watching to making a trial part first is what I've always have done when making fine parts whether in metal or wood. I always start out with two pieces, the first is my trial part, the second is the actual part. I can't name the number of times that first piece was off a bit, or cut wrong, or some other mistake. When all the boo boo's are worked out then I start cutting on the expensive material. Much cheaper and less frustrating way to build or fabricate.
I don't think I've ever seen you happier than when you checked the gear and everything was great:) Your eyes were sparkling!
The funny part is it pretty much is always perfect lol
Love hows he's all into it though
Keith! Watching your videos day by day is better than a sit-com!
After all the work, effort and setbacks involved in getting to this point, is Keith's joy not justified??? LOL Keith, we share your joy vicariously!
Great job! What is more amazing, is the people that figured all this stuff over 100 years ago, with pencil and paper!
The real praise goes to the men who designed and figured out how to make all of the mechanism to produce that very gear you just made. They didn’t have anything but a chunk of metal and an idea!
Reminds me of that phrase: 'We stand on the shoulders of giants.'
I would guess that in the machine shop of your youth ,cutting things like spiral gears was a mark of being a top machinist. It took years but you now are in that elite group.
No doubt and consider not only the investment in time/apprenticeship but EQUIPMENT.. Just wow. I think this would be a REALLY high end well equipped shop in its day. $$$
@@truckguy6666 Still is high end equipment.
Gears get, and got, made on specialized gear making machines called gear hobs. Gleason and Pfauter are two brands I remember, but there are others. That gear would have been done in an hour in a gear shop. A former employer of mine sent me to gear school in Chicago about 25 years ago.
@@jeffrey1312Lorenzo and many other brands
Every time I think about complicated gears, I think about the Herringbone gears that they used in tanks in WW2 (Tanks that my Dad served it, actually!) and my mind goes into convulsions...... Clark cast a few, but until I saw that the tips of the "V" was either curved or interrupted, the machining of them just baffled me.....
The Helical gear that you're making - I could see what needed to be done, and what had to happen to make it work, but going through all the details that the machine had to accomplish at the same time is just amazing. As several other commenters have said - my DEEPEST Congratulations to ALL the engineers and machinists who invented and made these machines that made this possible. Without them, we'd still be riding in Horse and Carts! And YOUR expertise in knowing how to use them, and willingness to show us, too, Keith!
they are done on a machine like a shaper but with two rams one in/out the the other the same . very much like a Gleason gear hobing machine they had one at the Iron works that I served my time at only one guy in the machine shop used it 😀they did up to 24 inch dia gears on it spur and helical
There’s a video on UA-cam of a large herringbone gear being cut on a special model of the Sunderland gear planer. These versions had ‘dh’ in the model name. Sunderland machines use cutters with a few teeth in the form of a rack; it’s easier to watch it in action than to try to describe it!
Excellent Job Keith! I remember cutting my first on a homemade CNC. writing the program in LinuxCNC to automatically do the indexing. lead and cutting etc...
now for your next challenge ... Helical Bevel gears. the ultimate measure of a machinist.
One remarkable thing that can't be dismissed is the fact that all of this equipment was designed without the benefit of any sort of computer. No CAD. No solid modeling. Just a slide rule, a drafting table and a whole lot of brain power. Very impressive.
Up until that first cut, I couldn’t understand how this crazy setup was going to work. Then immediately it started I got it. It’s like alchemy. Magic. Fascinating stuff. Thanks for sharing.
Yeah, what he said, me too. I have many years of machine shop experience and I still could not visualize this until, like you, I saw it.
Likewise, I just couldn't figure it in my head until I saw it. True and proper engineers and machinists made this setup work.
And remember that this sort of set up was invented probably 120-130 or more years ago! Man those Victorian engineers both sides of the Atlantic were true engineers of the first order! When these things might have been only theory, these men went out and designed the machines to actually DO the work. Hats off all round I say!
My compliments. As a side benefit, now, you have a incredible drink coaster. Thank you for the journey.
An absolute huge amount of setup for a good result. Well done.
WOW! An incredibly complex setup. I hope the customer truly appreciates the amount of work it took just to get to this point.
Keith, there is a difference between a spiral and a helix, they are not interchangeable. A spiral's diameter changes, from the center outward, and is typically in the same plane. The spiral in your 3 jaw scroll chuck that moves the chuck jaws would be an example. Whereas a helix typically does not change diameter. It is a line that runs around the diameter of a cylinder that progresses along the length of the cylinder from one end to the other. A helix viewed from the end, through its diameter, appears as a simple circle. People very often confuse the two and call a helix a spiral, as is the case of a spiral stair case, where actually the correct term should be a helical stair case.
Wow! You MEs rock! First, you had to decide to make helical gears, then do the math to figure out angles, depths, et cetera to make them work, then you had to make the machines to make the gears, and then the enclosures to hold the shafts and gears. And then, you do it backwards with no discernible damage. My hat is off to you, Keith! Congratulations!
Fantastic outcome Keith. The look of joy on your face said it all. I have watched all episodes of this task, and they were all a pleasure to watch. If you just showed us a finished spiral gear, and said "I made this, it's my first one", nobody would have a clue how much time, effort, research, skill, trial and error went into it. It's been an education, and an interesting one.
Rebuilding Lead Attachment - check!
Machining new Shaft - check!
Upgrading the Index Wheel - check!
Changing to Universal Head - check!
Being in Excel Hell for days - check!
Seeing those first cuts must have put a huge grin on your face! Well done!
I have to bow to the engineers back in the day that did all the math and figured out how to do this. A complicated setup, and a lot of stuff needed in order to do it, but wow. Bowing to you as well for being able to decipher all that from the books in information and get it all to work.
Thank you Keith for this wonderful and fascinating series of videos. Before you dismantle the machine setup, why don't you go ahead and make a run of those gears. Since so many thousands of Austin Sevens were built, many of which are still running, I expect there is a market for new timing gears. Of course you should also make the smaller mating gear that fits on the front of the crankshaft.
I wonder if, when you accepted that job, you realized all the problems you had to solve, parts and pieces you had to make or obtain and the changes in the machinery you were going to use. This is first time and it must have been rewarding at time and very frustrating at others to realize what had to be done to do this job in the usual Rucker style (Perfect). This has been an interesting project for those who watch and the educational value is invaluable. Thanks for another demonstration of the machinists skill. CNC machines do all this in a blink. I wonder how many "Machinists can do what you have done in your back-yard shop. The collections of machinery you have is a demonstration of the ingenuity of the industry in the USA. Thanks for the project, Keith. This has been a wonderful education in perseverance, dogged determination and ultimate success.
The plastic one is what they would make today. Thanks for posting
They also made them with plastic gears way back when
Formica started to make phenolic timing gear blanks about 100 years ago and then a lot of manufacturers ended using them on their engines.
@@ruben_balea Glad that that fact was brought on the table. Wink Wink
Keith is a national treasure for all of us trying to learn machining. His parents should be very proud of him.
Cut my machining teeth on machines like this making airplane parts at McDonnell Aircraft in St. Louis MO in 1958. Fun to watch you do what I used to do. We never made gears like what you are doing but we did very similar, tricky, setups to make airplane and space capsule parts.
Sure enjoy watching you do what you do. You make excellent, educational, video’s. Thank you for going to the trouble.
Jack, in Missouri
Congratulations on your superb workmanship. How refreshing to hear you talk in thousandths of an inch. Over here we had the Metric System foisted upon us. At least in America you have stuck to the principle that “If it ain’t Broke Don’t fix it”. All the very best from “Old York” England.
Couldn’t agree more from a carpenter and joiner for the last 57 years from Oxford England
😂 But it was broke! Basing a universal system on 3 grains of barley? You remember Whitworth, of course and the confusion that wrecked NASA's Mars landing? Never mind converting thousandths to fractions all the time. Even today the Americans use their own gallons. So much wrong with that antiquated system, and I work in both, depending on the measurements, the materials and which country I happen to be in at the time.
I too am from York, England and do my machine work in microns. In the end it makes no difference whatsoever; the power of the metric system is in its consistent use of base 10, but if you're working in decimal inches you get that same benefit anyhow. Though outside of decimal inches, the gap starts to open up - I must admit I'm not at all sorry that I don't have to work with letter and number drills and all of that.
As others have said: seeing the happiness and satisfaction in your expression at the end was really uplifting. So much prep, but a tangible, solid, excellent result. Thanks for sharing all of it with us! I'm eager for the real thing.
I couldn't wrap my head around how this worked...until you demonstrated it!
Pretty darned cool to see how that all works after the great lead up with all the configuration of the mill. Congrats on accomplishing that first.
A great show of tenacity Keith! The setup is like poetry in motion. Don't forget that since this is a timing gear in an engine the position of the key slot could be critical!
That's a great series and a great restoration of capability on the K and T mill in service of your subscriber's Austin Seven restoration. Fun to watch, and must have been really satisfying. But, for the record, it's a timing gear, and it doesn't mesh with its mating gear at 90 degrees, but rather on parallel shafts. The right test is whether the original and the test run mesh when laying flat.
You are right about the parallel shafts, but your idea of testing the plastic gear meshing with the original gear won't work, two gears cut at the same 45 degrees will never mesh as the point of contact is 90 degrees out when they are in the same plane, try drawing the gear cuts on some toilet rolls (or something) and see why they are mismatched, you need a gear cut at the opposite 45 degrees to mesh when in the same plane.
Which is why Keith showed us the way he did, the two identical 45s make a perfect 90 when meshed as shown and only as shown.
@@Bobs-Wrigles5555 You are right, of course - left hand mates with right hand helix. Thanks for the setting the record here straight..
One of the neatest machining videos to date! A symphony of machinery! Nice going!
Love this channel, been a follower for about a year now, also HI to all the Engineers out there, i`m not an Engineer myself sadly but my Father was so i inherited some of his love for precision and quality, i`m a 53 year old Kitchen Installer from the UK with almost 40 years experience who takes great pride in the quality and accuracy of my jobs, i`m also heavily into ancient engineering techniques, specifically how the so called Dynastic Egyptians cut and polished igneous stone like Granite and Diorite which has a Mohs scale hardness of 6 - 8, there are a good few Engineers out there now who believe, as i do, that these highly accurate monuments and statues were cut on machines similar to lathes and mills, the precision on some of these artefacts is to within 100th of a millimeter yet were are told by the mainstream archaeological community that they were done using copper tools, chisels and dolorite pounders BY HAND, anyone who knows Quartz, as i do as we use it for countertops, knows it can not be cut or shaped using copper or bronze tools to this precision, also under a microscope these objects don`t show impact marks which you would associate with chiselling and hammering, they are perfectly smooth, perfectly square and they even pass the light test with an engineers light test you can`t get that accuracy by hand, many of these artefacts show evidence of tube drills cut at a rate that we can`t replicate even with today`s highly advanced CNC machines, there`s evidence that huge 1200 tonne blocks and single columns were cut using a huge overhead circular saw and Live Centre holes in the bases of 200 - 300 tonne single piece granite pillars, there is an English Aerospace Engineer who moved to the States called Christopher Dunn, his qualifications are second to none in the field of Engineering, he`s travelled to Egypt and other locations around the globe and conducted tests on many of these artefacts and he`s concluded they had to have been cut and created using ancient engineering machines, something we are told never existed in pre history yet the evidence discounts that, there is a channel on UA-cam called UnchartedX presented by an aussie guy called Ben, his channel is dedicated to exposing these incredible highly accurate artefacts and calls for academia to acknowledge that there was once a long lost forgotten ancient highly advanced civilisation that existed before 12.500 years ago and was erased from human history by what`s known as The Younger Dryas Impact, a theory that has since been proven correct and it`s been peer reviewed, my big ask in all this to all you Engineers out there is to have a look at Chris Dunns work and Ben`s over at UnchartedX, see the evidence for yourselves when you get time and if at all possible lend your expertise and engineering knowledge to their work, the more skilled engineers who get on board the quicker science and archaeology will take it seriously, the theory is that in pre history there was a highly advanced global civilisation that had the knowledge and technical ability to build these ancient monuments and that the Dynastic Egyptians only uncovered, inherited and repurposed these sites thousands of years later once Earth`s climate settled down and human population and society was rebuilt, a big ask i know but i know these guys would appreciate your time and skilled knowledge to either agree with their hypothesis or point out errors in their theories, thanks for reading all this, i appreciate it cheers. Glen, West Midlands UK.
Yes! You summarized it all beautifully @Glen Claypool Smith!
These Egyptian Pre Dynastic civilizations have yet to be out done in their mastery of fashioning not only Granite, and Diorite, but in quarrying, moving and accurate placement of enormous tons of material, that can not be matched even with today's modern machinery and equipment!
Many years ago I went into the engine room of the Queen Mary in California and saw these spiral gears that were several feet long. I wondered then how they made those and finally figured it out today when you said it would make a full revolution if you let it go long enough. I had not made that connection until then.
Can you imagine the work required to figure out this complicated interlocking tool arrangement and design the individual mechanisms and how they must interact to make that simple angled-tooth gear? Amazing!
We have a good friend who has owned a machine shop for 40 yrs. His biggest problem is finding people that can do a manual set up like that. Kudos to your ability.
Hello Keith,
Would you happen to want to share the spreadsheet with me for the math calculations? I would much appreciate the formulas laid out in easy to use program. I can send an email
Thanks Keith
Awesome accomplishment! It's not an easy thing to even understand the setup, much less the entire process. I watched my grandpa do that 45 years ago on pretty much the same tools. At the time I didn't comprehend the complexity. It was even more challenging for him. No computers to help with the computations or videos to watch another master machinist demonstrate it. And to top it of us was self taught. He only completed third grade in school. The rest he did on his own! Lord I miss him!
Great story! Hits home with me. Thanks for sharing that, John.
Thanks Keith. I've finally got my head around what's going on here but it took some searching and reading up on Wikipedia entries to clear up some confusion between straight bevel gears and spiral bevel gears. Heck I didn't even know the term "tooth line" which in this case is straight but in the spiral bevel gear is curved. Gears seem simple but there's several competing factors to finding the best type for the application e.g. torque, noise, wear and axis alignment. An engineer could make a career out of nothing more than gear design.
Back in the 1980s, thefe were several Teams of great engineers working to design gears.
To make F1 boxes change much faster than a human with a stick.
Congratulations big man. Success on your first helix gear cutting. Job very well done. Great content.
It is impressive that as old as that equipment is ,how little backlash there is in all of those gears and the lead screw.
Well done Keith from a former scraper hand who hardly ever actually operated the machine tools I worked on!
And that's the way it is done, congrats!!!. I remember back at school, the teacher made us, once a tooth was cut, lower the table, move it back, turn the divider plate to the next tooth, move up the table, and start cutting. Excellent job Keith!!!!
The setup on the mill works perfectly. 👍🇦🇺
Keith, be interested to know how you found the centerline of the part to the cutter set at 45° from the axis of the gear. It's no problem finding center cutting a standard spur gear, but a spiral gear, not so easy.
Back in my earlier years of my career in 1978, I worked on machines that cut long spirals on 30-foot-long steel bars. The spirals varied from 42" to 80" per revolution. We did it using DC motors and electronics. Ken
GREAT "Online Teaching" for those that don't know! This WAS one of THEE greatest Machine setups I've seen on UA-cam! WAY TO GO KEITH!!!!
The amount of of mathmatical analysis to begin with, then converting those results into the proper set up and settings on the machine is intimidating. It is no wonder that more modern computer driven equipment has become so popular. My hat's off to you Keith. Very informative and the end product of a replacement gear for your customer will cost him more than his car if you add up your hours!
Nice work Keith.
Very impressive setup.
Congratulations.
Thanks for sharing.
Take care, Ed.
Woo Hoo ! it's a gear ! Man what a journey since that first video when you found the lead attachment. Great results and accomplishment...now just one more step. See you next time...
makes me really appreciate the amount of detail that went into gear cutting pre-CNC.
Keith this is REALLY cool. Your down to earth explanations are excellent. This kind of thing looks so much easier when someone else is doing it! Anyone who has ever had to build complex things knows how tedious this is and how hard it is to make sure everything is perfect. The test cut was a good call. I am having a hard time wrapping my head around why the backlash in the table isnt affecting the cutter when you reverse the travel to pull it back out...
It is affecting it.
God bless you!
Awesome job Keith, all about problem solving & overcoming challenges .... You've succeeded !!! Wonderful feeling !!!
So many variables and factors! I know some people haven't liked the multiple videos, and would rather just git it over with, but I'm grateful there has been time to split up some of the issues. These different sessions have allowed me to think about the various mind-boggling elements of the whole thing, and get a better idea. how it all fits together. Great work! Thanks for bringing us along.
In the digitally-based technology I work with, we would never do ANYTHING without trial runs and testing and verifications (and tweaks!) before expecting it to work right. It is the way of things, so it was nice to see these full-dress test runs!
Wow, that was a neat show, Keith. I've cut a lot of gears, but never helicals in my life. In 35 years never had to cut a helical and I don't have the setups for it anyway.
This was a fun and informative vid. Thank you, Keith!
Timeless technology
Fascinating to see an explanation on how to do it thank you for keeping tradition alive
Well, folks…..there ya have it. A family heirloom for the display case! Outstanding work, Keith!
Thrilled for you, Keith. Well done. I hope when this is all done, the owner will send video of the car running so we can all enjoy it.
Very good and thanks for sharing. I had trouble wrapping my mind about how the helical gears were cut and seeing it in action really cleared things up.
One of the most entertaining and educational channels on youtube. Thanks Keith.
The general public has absolutely no idea how much effort goes into making a part like this. You certainly looked happy. When it comes to the actual part, can you cut a half depth going in and the other half depth on the way out to save going round twice?
I don't know about other machinists but when I cut a gear, I have to be locked in my shop with NO disturbances whatsoever.
It's a very satisfying process.
Doing the half and half is possible, But that would mean changing the table height "exactly" 60** times.
I don't even want to think about introducing a missed step on any one of them...🤔was it up or down I have to adjust this time?😕=cutting air or double depth of cut
** If you have 30 teeth, do you have 30 "gaps" between teeth or only 29...
@@Bobs-Wrigles5555 Thanks Bob. It's a tough one whichever way.
What you do is amazing to watch! Then I think about the people make these machines and I am speechless.
Well done that man. Keith, lovely to watch the entire process , how the world has changed from powered by steam to pressing a few buttons.
amzing : all these tools were design and build nearly 100 years ago. Good thing that you mastered the concept and the use of all.
This was mesmerizing to watch. Gear and thread cutting are some of the most eye pleasing operations. When i do it, i can't enjoy it. I'm entirely too focused, but watching other people cut them is a genuine pleasure of mine.
Hannibal Smith said it best when the "A Team" pulled off a mission, "I love it when a plan comes together."
Hey Kieth, your video is reminiscent of a back in the day setup I had making a set of spiral fluted shafts on a B.&S. Universal horizontal mill. I think it was in 1969. Thanks for the memory jog. Nice work!
Very cool. Doing the test run was most definitely the right idea. Thanks very much for sharing.
Well done young man, set ups like that are above my pay grade but very interesting to watch.
Thanks Keith. That is a great series. The only thing I thought was that you could have shown the top edge of the first teeth which you cut too deep. It would be a good teaching moment for people watching. I remember 20yrs ago I cut a helical gear as part of a TAFE course (Trade College?). I managed to miss one increment by one hole when Indexing the part to the next tooth. The first indication that it was wrong was that the land on the top of the tooth was too narrow. So I had a 39 3/4 tooth gear! You did well. Theres a lot get right (or to go wrong) when doing helical gear cutting. That was fun, thanks. Look forward to seeing the real deal soon!
I am thoroughly impressed, your first time using a very complex, complicated setup, and once again you performed like the master that you are.
I can not imagine how much design and engineering went into making the first machines that could cut bevel gears like that. And way before even the earliest computers. Great job Keith.
tons of patience !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! but it paid off !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! can't wait for the real cut !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Nice job Mr Rucker!
That’s quite an achievement for a small shop!!
Congratulation! It was fascinating to follow you along the journey and I appreciate that you show us the process in such a great detail. It is challenging to do such a complex project for the first time - and you add the challenge of filming everything and explaining live!
I did a project with similar complexity recently and attempted to put it on video. So I know from my own experience how hard this is. You are a real master, Keith!
This is a fantastic series !
I've been doing machine work almost fifty years, cut quite a few straight cut gears over the years, never had to cut a helical gear. I really enjoyed watching the success of your cut in plastic. I've never done "a trial cut" although I've messed up more than one gear blank making a calculation error. That came out very nicely, looking right from start to finish.
This is really cool. I have never seen a helical gear cut like this on a milling machine. I knew you could do a spur gear like this on a mill or a shaper machine. This is cool to see a older manual milling machine setup and doing a job like this. I never seen a power table feed setup like that on a machine that allows you to us it as a pto drive. That opens up all kinds of possibilities for that machine. This is almost the same setup I would do when I ran gear making equipment. I used to run automatic hobbing machines for gears and shafts. But it’s really cool to see the old manual machines being used to it’s ability. Now days it’s all done with a push of a button almost. Don’t get me wrong CNC has a place but it’s not as enjoyable to watch as a operator and a manual machine when making something because that person is almost one with the equipment when they run it or you will make a mistake. You have to have that fill for that machine when running or you will never be able to produce a perfect part again and again. Great work I really enjoyed this.
Mesmerizing. Love the work Kieth.
When you explain how you get the part setup it adds so much depth and interest to your video. Thanks
I am surprised that you can back feed through that cut without lowering the knee. I really would have expected that even with a tight nut on the table feed screw there would be enough backlash in this system to make it rub feeding back through the cut. I am trying to figure out in my head if the backlash in the table feed actually compensates for the backlash in the lead attachment. Anyway, that is really cool, I can really empathize with the excitement and enjoyment seeing this gear emerge from the blank. The pride and satisfaction of a complex job done well. Congratulations.
i am in a belief that any backlash would have effect when feeding backwards with this setup. Same as lathe leadscrew. It wont follow the same path, than going forward.
@@HH-Machining that was what I was expecting, but I watched carefully and I didn't see any chips from cutting on the return, hence my mental gymnastics to try to figure out if backlash in the feed screw would be counteracted by backlash in the lead attachment. Keith has been machining long enough that I know he understands backlash, and is observant enough to notice if the cutter was actually cutting on the back feed. I am just trying to understand why it didn't, unless the plastic was soft enough that you couldn't feel/hear it cutting on the very light engagement on the return path.
@@fristlsat4663 I also tried to look out for some chips when backfeeding, but didnt notice any.
This could easily be measured with existing setup and dial indicator.
Maybe keith can explain or investigate this :)
I love it when a plan comes together
Congratulations and thanks for all of your patience in carefully explaining a very complicated process.
Worth the wait! Enjoyed the process.
I can’t believe how quiet the mill is!
Excellent especially as you worked out this complicated setup yourself as opposed to being shown how to.
Well done Keith
seeing is believing, i didn't think you were going to pull it off, i just couldn't get my head wrapped around how you were going to setup and make this cut, now that i have seen i understand it better now, thanks for the video sir. always love to watch a master machinist at work.
This is so fascinating! I could watch this stuff for hours. Love seeing how things are made.
Thanks so much for sharing this process. It was a long piece of work to get to this point but well worth the effort
I say your planning and determining the tools needed paid off in spades. good work!
So happy for you in your latest accomplishment. Well done!
Keith that was extraordinary, I've never had the nerve to cut gears but after your demo I think I might try it.
awesome work Keith. looks great.
Keith I have very much enjoyed this series. I can't wait to see you turn the actual part. I don't think people actually understand what all goes Into producing an obsolete part.
A treasured Moment, thank you for sharing it.
Nicely done 👍. Thanks for the video Keith. Take care of yourself and family ❤️❤️.
looks great! Looks like the biggest danger is being sure to over travel both ways a good amount so all backlash is removed before the cutter passes thru so it doesn't go oversize.
Nice work Keith
Keith: Watching to making a trial part first is what I've always have done when making fine parts whether in metal or wood. I always start out with two pieces, the first is my trial part, the second is the actual part. I can't name the number of times that first piece was off a bit, or cut wrong, or some other mistake. When all the boo boo's are worked out then I start cutting on the expensive material. Much cheaper and less frustrating way to build or fabricate.
Old machines repaired using old technology, wonderful
I still crack up in my head every time you say rinse and repeat, like we're shampooing the gear:)
That was a beautiful test.
Keep up the magic, Keith.
Have a great weekend.
Looks great, Keith. Thanks for sharing!
I always wanted to do this. Thanks for sharing.
Well done Keith!
Awesome job Keith!! :-) Cant wait for the finale :-)