How Ultrasound Can Deactivate Parts of the Brain
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- Опубліковано 9 гру 2018
- Scientists have combined ultrasound, viruses and synthetic drugs to control regions of the brain.
Check out Skillshare: skl.sh/veritasium (first 500 get 2 months free)
Special thanks to Prof. Mikhail Shapiro and Dr. Jerzy Szablowski:
shapirolab.caltech.edu
Human brains are complicated - the most complicated thing in the known universe, many people say. So far we understand little - just that certain regions of the brain appear to be involved in certain activities and certain disorders. In extreme cases this has led to the practice of removing sections of the brain, or using electrodes or optical fibers to control activation rates. What is unique about this approach is it offers a way to turn on and off specific brain regions without invasive surgery. It has promise because it combines existing technologies: micro-bubbles, ultrasound, synthetic viruses, and synthetic drugs to achieve this goal.
Special thanks to Patreon supporters:
Donal Botkin, James M Nicholson, Michael Krugman, Nathan Hansen, Ron Neal, Stan Presolski, Terrance Shepherd
Animations and editing by Alan Chamberlain
Music from epidemicsound.com "Experimental1"
Dr. Shapiro is crazy good on camera. Also, I found the multi-step approach to affect the specific region of the brain to be fascinating. It feels like unlocking a box with seven different locks on it.
SmarterEveryDay Agreed. The entire process is ingenious. It takes an incredible group of minds to figure out that the solution to invasive brain surgery involves air bubbles and ultrasound.
Hi, Destin! Fancy seeing you here
It would be interesting to know about a resolution of this method and how sharp are edges of the medically active zone.
Everytime I read one of your comments I read it in your voice. Hahha
And the locks interact non-linearly and also learn and change while you're probing the circuit...
Tiny bubbles
In the brain
Make me happy
Make me feel no pain
Salad fingers :D
Massive bubbles
In my brain
Will stop my life
And stop the pain
Small air pockets
In the brain
Allow me to
End this pain
Air bubbles air bubbles
I hope you to end my struggles
I have Ligma in my brain
I dont wanna feel pain
no such thing as ma ke or not, happx nmw
We need an international mouse day of some sort to celebrate all the mice that contributed to tech innovations or just ,well, experiments
Right. Cause that will make the mice feel better about it all. Lol.
That's like a hunter "honoring" the animal he just killed. It's just hypocrisy to help sleep better at night.
@@somedudeok1451 Exactly my thought, you got the point
@@somedudeok1451 It's hypocrisy to pretend that death isn't part of life, whether you die by a meteor or a gun shot or under a scalpel. Furthermore, no hunter is as disillusioned as you seem to be on the subject, those practices were established by countless hunters to prevent sport-hunting and wastefulness out of genuine respect for the bounty provided by nature.
@Just Rinat: You make it sound as if being bred to have weird and deadly experiments done on you is something completely natural. Now, I know it's necessery to test medicine on beings that are less valuable than humans, but I say we should not kid ourselves and think it's completely ok just because we build mouse monuments and have some international mouse day.
his point was obviously about your hunter comment
"shutting down part of the brain that's causing a seizure"
Oh, so we can now add a restart button to brain partitions to be used when they glitch out, employing the tried and trusted "turn it off and then back on again" method
We used to do that with electroshocks.
LMAO
As if we weren't using barbaric methods with little knowledge in the past to try and treat seizures.
"We can prevent memory formation"... oh boy this sounds kind of scary, think of all the conspiracy theories that could come from this!
On the bright side I like how their purpose is to actually help people with this procedure and the level of innovation is really amazing!
ua-cam.com/video/j6EeP-WKrdk/v-deo.html
Long time memory formation is way more complex, since a memory is just our brain recreating a memory. This will actually be way more useful treating seizures and other malfunctions. Especially with all the emotions etc. coming with the memory.
There is literally a person who is unable to form a memory, some say his life is like vivid memories. Every day its like a reset for him, its pretty sad.
ua-cam.com/video/xH6fm1WhpDY/v-deo.html
@@JohnSmith-lf5xm Holy crap this channel is retarded, thanks for sharing, I reported both videos and the channel
Science is so awesome! True medical miracles... I'm in awe. We are living in amazing times!
Hi jesus
Thank you jesus, very cool!
Hey J dawg
Which religion is correct according to you Jesus?
@@rajeshdas6539 let's be honest, jesus's doesn't care he just think were all stupid.
It sounds like there might be also a few dangers that could come with this procedure. For example as long as the barrier is open not only your specially designed viruses can pass through but also any other virus or chemical that's in your blood. I'd be interested in prof shapiros take on the drawbacks too.
That is literally imposible #destroyed
@@pegatrisedmice #?
Yeah, I would've liked to hear of the probably pretty severe side effects this can have. Possibly still better than cutting open the skull tho.
Those were like my first thoughts too, epp a scary thought.
I was also thinking of how likely it would be that the virus dna embeds in our own and that gets passed on to our kids.
Not gonna lie that doctor looked a little crazy. WE CAN SHUT OFF THE BRAIN! *wide eyes grinning*
0:00 the question I ask myself everyday
have a reply you good sir
lol
Mikhail looks like one of those evil villains that's seems nice at the start.
Ah, the good ol' Disney twist villain...
Yeah... Why he always smiling? little bit creepy
@@idontthinkso2431 c'mon guys cut him some slack. May be he was smiling because he was nervous how often do you have camera shoved in your face while addressing potentially millions of general public?
Riandhita it’s a nervous reaction for a lot of people. I do it too.
that* seems
Gotta love the Professor's smile and energy!!
He’s quite handsome too :)
He used that dopamine tech on himself
Mad scientists usually sound like that.
It's how people are programmed...
How people like Dr Shapiro can even conceive of something like this never ceases to blow my mind.
...I may need surgery for that.
Three words I never thought I’d hear next to each other
ERTW
Tiny air bubbles?
"Non-invasive Brain Surgery"
Ever heard of X-knife Surgery?
"It's rewind time"
"Fortnite and Marques Brownlee"
2:13 So basically they just scream at your brain and it makes your blood tubes move?
yeah, this technique is really old, parents have been using this technique to fix brains for centuries
Crander Woaaaaah
@@moth4256 Yeah but then CalTech wouldn't have an excuse to spend money and this channel wouldn't have an easy video to rack up views.
loool
@@JamesR624 whoosh
The idea in the whole is a puzzle of highly skilled pieces: brain-blood barrier, cavitation excitation, gene therapy and molecular neurobiology. Amazing.
@Aufenthalt and a not so good SciFi scenario !
My team is actually working on genomic expression influencing brain structure and ultimately behavior (addiction, risk taking, etc...).
It is good to know that once we identify the genes and parts of the brain, someone will actually be able to do something about it.
It is amazing !
Congrats for the great work .
Now I have some questions ?
1)can we remotely do gene editing
.as in using CRISPR from a distance .
2)Is their a way brain is regulating genes on and off switch ?
3)Can genes be modified to behave as some virus as we know that DNA contain information about all disease in our forefather even in humanity .
4)Can we communicate with DNA from a distance as some peole talk about DNA communicates through light .
The critical operative question is WHEN.
@@arzoo_singh thank gods the good man didn't reply and waste his time - I will though
1. Remotely? Sure if you can inject the viral vector with a remotely controlled manipulator.
2. Can brain turn genes on and off?
No? Suppressing and activating genes happens when DNA copying is underway as far as I can tell - there could be some epigenome - machinery that decode dna - affected by neurotransmitters? I am just speculating here.
3. All information about diseases from forefathers? Fiction is really getting hard to you mate, AC games aren't real - the DNA contains specific adaptions that could help against certain diseases and environmental conditions, but that's from natural evolution (the ones without the adaptations died out due to the diseases). The only place where your ancestor's immunity gets transferred to you is through mother's milk (where she got it from her mother) - perhaps that's real thing you should be worried about.
4. Can DNA communicate from a distance? There is quantum entanglement - where sub atomic particles behave in accordance with one another regardless of the distance between them. Though... Um it's not unique DNA or humans or living things really - subatomic particles constitutes sun as well as stone just as it does constitute mobile phone or conspiracy theorist
@@aravindpallippara1577 I have a philisophy I reply in same manner .
So you started thanks God he did not wasted his time.
Who is asking for you're opinion as if anyone cared 😜..for you're opinion .
Since you started in a amazing way .I never felt like even reading that..
Arrogance and idiocity should be responded in same manner .
OK, this is epic
Why did I know in advance someone would comment this?
this is epic
Alexaaa
Been Shapiro epic gamer
@@xTiamat Mikhail shapiro? Nah
Ben shapiro epic
They did surgery on a brain
Toxinize First off, they didn't. Second off, the point is that they won't.
@@axelandersson6314 Woosh
OP's OC No, you twat, I am very well aware of this cancerous meme.
Axel Andersson r/woosh
I would formally like to appeal to a higher court to overturn this opinion that I missed the joke.
This is one of the most fascinating videos I have seen in my entire life, the possibilities seem endless.
so great to have you back making regular videos, easy to digest and informative as always,
That may have been the most beautiful thumbnail I've seen on UA-cam. Congrats Derek, YOU'VE DONE IT! 🙌🙌🙌
Aspect Science
Hey, I’m subscribed to you
@@codekillerz5392 well hey there :)
Aspect Science haha I’m finally hiring people who make things that look a lot better than I could do...
@@veritasium haha, well hat's off to them! And hey, if you're looking to work with someone that makes _different_ looking animations to you I'd love to chat about making a video together!
And we met once again Aspect Science, third time now. Your all over youtube.
A veritasium Upload? This day’s already amazing
day's*
Veritasium upload*
What do you mean 'already'? It's 9pm here 😒
Professor Shapiro's passion for his work radiates throughout his being. It's so much fun to see/hear an explanation from somebody who is clearly so excited about the work their doing. Great selection, and also, well done with the visualizations (3D), Alan Chamberlain. It really demonstrated the mechanism that he was explaining, at least, for the layman such as myself.
Thanks for the video Derek! You’ve always been an inspiration and I hope you and Steven do a show out in Tucson again someday!
Did you tried to turn it off and on?
@@lekrakkenz2517 /r/woosh
Adam r/doublewoosh
@@lekrakkenz2517 r/whooshh
*Ben Shapiro joke*
Well at least his brother is actually using facts and logic hahaha!
Ben Shapiro *_IS_* the joke.
This is not a meme video, *Chris*
@John Smith Damn, facts didn't care about his feelings
:dab:
I suffer from cluster cefalea and chronic migraine and this MIGHT be the best thing i've ever heard so far. I already had an invasive surgery (2 Neurostimulators on two nerves of my face connected to a battery pack on my chest lol) but had them removed since the "cure" was worst than the sickness. I really hope this guy achieves his goal. It'd be a life-changing matter for people like me.
Derek, I love your videos very very much, but this one was too short! What an INCREDIBLE technology (sounds like science fiction but isn't). I hope you are well :) Get a rest and have a nice Christmas! (Down an Internet rabbithole I go!)
You sound like my professors, are you one?
6:43 oh boi, that smile never lies
i love how this man is always smiling, he looks so happy, and sounds like he loves his job
Kinda creepy, tbh. As if he's hiding something...
Veritasium commanded him: "Smile all the time while talking. People on youtube love that!"
What a time to be alive! Can't wait until I get to do some research. Thanks for the information!
People like this guy should get so much more attention... And hopefully funding. I mean, just a second or two before he mentioned depression I thought just about that. There are so many people in the world just waiting for something like this so that they can get their lives back... Just the prospect of it, brings tears to my eyes
That Shapiro guy has some cool nostrils
He nose his field well
he's got an amazing smell- i mean smile.
some may say they are...
epic
and a cute smile
hey, i watch your videos.
These keys are opening up some pretty big gates...
Did you see the latest 60 minutes. Huge segment on this with people. Amazing stuff. Love you channel.
I like how happy this guy is sharing his work, you can really tell he cares about the work him and his team is doing!
Scientist: We'll introduce viruses into the brain, but instead of replicating their DNA, it'll replicate the DNA we want.
Me: This is how the zombie apocalypse starts.
They wouldn't be able to pass it on to other people though.
Think about brain enhancement... The future will be interesting
Sadly from a biological perspective this is far fetched. It's like saying dropping a ball could reverse gravity if you did it too many times.
LoL🤣🤣
Wooo imagine not contagious zombies that you can turn on by sound. Just hide the virus and micro-bubbles inside a vaccine. Then on a special day in a specific event play the right music and boooom!! The crowd eats the president.
I'm a medical student and finally something from veritasium that I can understand word by word!
I love how excited that scientist gets talking about what they hope to use the technology for
This is amazing! Thank you for sharing.
This is some of the most exciting research I've heard of in a long time! Targeting specific regions of the brain for treatments is one of the hardest problems we have, and this would, at least somewhat, solve that without any surgery needed.
I'm going to keep my eye out on Professor Shapiro and his work! I likely won't have a better treatment for my depression in my own lifetime, but maybe in the future, people won't have to suffer like I have
Neurofeedback.
Hi,
I am not a doctor or in medecin so I have few questions about that technic :
1) if the "curative" virus (viral vector in the video from 2:30) can enter in the brain, any other virus could pass, no ?
2) In that case those virus, not genetically modified, could grow and spread in the brain. Mice have a short life so a unwanted virus in their brain might not be discovered during their life even it entered during the experiment ? How could we check that ? Only with animal with a longer life ?
3) Isn't it too dangerous to open a blood barriere in the brain ? Is there a way to let pass only the viral vector and not another virus ?
Regards,
Lea
Checking if there is any unwanted virus in blood before the procedure is easy and pretty standard. Routine checks are done to exclude common infections prior to any surgical procedure. And don't worry! Blood inside your blood vessels generally is free from any kind of pathogen, thanks to our immune system.
Science wins again.
Thanks ;)
@@yesno1498 Thanks for asking. Immune system, acquired immunity to be precise, cannot destroy any new microbe right away. It needs about two weeks to prepare biological weapons against it once detected. So, the modified virus would have done their job, that is to transfer codes for new receptors into brain cells, long before they are intercepted and neutralized.
@@saumitrachakravarty so what if there is a new virus in your bloodstream, which is not detected during the check up ?
This is amazing! I'm interested about their study design. I'm sure it's very thorough but I would hope that for the mouse control group they still put them through similar process as placebo (ie: being subjected to the loud noises of the MRI, undergoing the ultrasound and injection of material). Just to eliminate the possibility that the test group mice didn't fail the memory task due to the mental trauma they'd endured!
I love how absolutely ecstatic Dr. Shapiro looks! He's just so happy!
Do Brain Surgery on guys who comment "First", "second" etc… :D
FiRSt
@@technobabble7702 do they even have a brain
finally someone with good ideas
*That implies they've a brain*
*_-Sixty ninth-_*
Quick Question : What if we could open up the entire blood brain barrier, insert the virus into the prefrontal cortex to turn all the neurons into drug receptors and selectively feed the drug to induce reversible memory loss. Sounds dystopian !.
Sounds exactly like a Black Mirror episode
That's because it is. This is essentially a genetic on/off switch that can be localized. The obvious examples being bodily immobilization (motor control) or lobotomization (frontal cortex). Although, it can get even "better". Targeting other structures of the brain can lead to someone who is overcome with fear all the time or someone who has uncontrollable anger. But hey, no "scientists" ever seem to ask themselves "should we do this" after thinking of a possible way to do something. Good ole' CRISPR.
@@hahahano2796 so women with an off switch. That will be a wonderful day.
@@pluto8404 , Because women are those who are complained about and demonized all the time in the mainstream, amirite?
@@hahahano2796 Dystopian novel, here I come!
This makes me proud to be a human. It was also extremely well presented and the person interviewed was so friendly.
What would be a reason to dislike such a video. I am really curious.
Wish we saw more videos these days! Thanks for the great video nonetheless, this is was incredibly interesting :D
Wow, Blood Brain Barrier is one of the hardest problems in current medicine. Majority of the medicine that currently exists is unable to pass through BBB because how good the filtering process the BBB has! This is amazing if it can work on humans! One of the biggest long standing challenge has a possible solution.
This is amazing. Like, REALLY amazing.
Meanwhile, some people still think the earth is flat.
Thank you veritasium,very cool.
I'm not usually in to medical stuff but this is quite possibly the coolest thing i have ever seen on the internet.
Uhhh why is the dude behind the door at 5:50 only moving at like 5 frames per second? Glitch in the matrix
What are you talking about? That's the reflection of the other dude and he's just chillin'. Might check your own comp for hiccoughs.
omg you're right wtffff
Not behind but a reflection. But yes still glitchy AF.
UA-cam video compression.. heard of that ?
@@medsaib9149 It's obviously video compression homie im not retarded
Wow that’s amazing!
Love the more frequent uploads :)
that is such cool research, my goodness turning off seizures or depression would be revolutionary
The real question is: Could this be done on a GRAPE??
No, grapes are way too complex for this procedure.
no your brain is to much complex... :P
The day they do a brain surgery on a grape it will be the greatest achievement of mankind
What about a mango or blue berry
Grapes will always member
Another great video by Derk of Veristablium! Thanks mate.
This guy is a genius, Good luck with your work brother!
This is incredible work.
With continuing, ongoing, episodic trigeminal neuralgia pain for forty-six years now, I would volunteer as a human research subject if this could reduce mandibular nerve pain. - j q t -
Ok, this is epic
Interesting...🤔 Thank you for the information!!
He is so excited to present his research :) Very interesting topic.
Shutting down someone's ability to remember stuff for a certain amount of time gives some... interesting possibilities, that we probably don't want anyone to have. Advancements in brain surgeries can be really helpful though.
It would be much harder to do with memories that are important for humans, than mice trying to remember a location. There are a lot of different types of memory (episodic, semantic, working, short term) that are stored in different areas of the brain, and a single memory's different aspects are shared among different areas that shift over time and with attempts at recall.
Dude there's tons of drugs to restrict memory build up. Roofies, alcohol,...
No need to send me sth as complicated.
@@Todestuete yeah, but alcohol has other effects that can lead to a person not doing anything remotely close to what they were supposed to do. And you need quite a lot of it to achieve it, so those side effects will be noticeable.
I'm sure they are not after that for humans. They just do memory disabling because is easy to test in mice. It's mentioned briefly in the video that they want to be able to "shut off parts of the brain". That will be very effective for epilepsy or parkinson for example
@@whychoooseausername4763 ?
Ok this is epic
This seems incredibly important to actually try and tease apart what a particular neurotransmitter in a particular pathway influences. Modern pysch treatments are pretty scattershot. Unregulated dopamine everywhere instead of a particular pathway that needs to be effected.
Super interesting! I love living in this time period!
THIS SMILE! He just used that science to stimulate his dopamine production, or he's on drug x)
Or , say , for a second , he is happy that years of research have led to limelight by a major youtuber and he will gain more traction and finds
@@shabarish2727 you're certainly right captain but it doesn't matter! THIS SMILE on it's own is much more than that smile you're talking about :)
I'm curious about how can only certain molecules enter the brain and not the unwanted ones if you open the blood-brain barrier? Does it have to do with having other types of barriers other than tight junctures, like special proteins for example? If that is the case, can "real" viruses, that are similar to the ones that have been specifically modified in the lab, pass as them and enter the brain?
The idea is open the blood barrier for a short amount of time and absolutely flood the biggest accessible artery supplying that area with huge amounts of the drug or virus you want to administer, so as to maximize the amount of desired product going in and leave as little time as possible for the unwanted molecules to pass through. I don't know the details of the molecular biology (it doesn't have to do with special transporters though) or how they measure the passage of unwanted stuff into the brain.
@@whychoooseausername4763 Oh thanks! That makes sense. I should look into it :)
@@helenanevrayeva Please feel free to educate me if you do ! I read a scientific article about this technology a couple of years ago when it first came out, but I haven't kept up with the research :)
I really enjoy the medical videos! Keep em comin
That‘s so awesome and well explained
What do you think about brain computer interface
The idea of brain computer interfaces is something I'm really intrigued by! I haven't done any research into the area yet, but the idea of essentially taking out the middle-man of eg a sensory organ between a stimulus and your brain is fascinating!
True (Full Dive) Virtual Reality is something I wanna work on some day...
This reminds me of the movie Star Trek: The Voyage Home.
McCoy: My God man, drilling holes in his head is not the answer! The artery must be repaired! Now, put away your butcher's knives and let me save this patient before it's too late!
Nice advancement.
Veritasium commanded the doctor: "Smile all the time while talking. People on youtube love that!"
I've been watching your channel for a long time, now your channel is more important than ever to me. Because Vsauce was my my main source of education. (I of course have school too, but on youtube). Now when Vsauce only has new videos that you need to pay for to watch, I am more than happy that you continue having videos free.
+Veritasium, great video, as always, thanks! I recommend you watch this fascinating talk by Mickael Tanter: ua-cam.com/video/hP9QMYrUOEI/v-deo.html . He is one of the inventors of functional ultrasound imaging (fUS): a high-resolution & high-speed imaging technique based on ultrasound and nano-bubbles, it's quite amazing. Perhaps even worth a video?
What about the risk of other viruses crossing the barrier? And how is this reversible?
I was thinking the same. There is probably a risk of infection, and it doesn't sound reversible. Still super promising :)
It only lasts a couple of seconds.
Not all viruses are deadly though. And some are programmable, so you can make them die after they've done their job.
You have to make sure the persons blood is free of anything that could damage the brain before the treatment.
The virii don't contain their own RNA any more. They are modified to have the sequence required and they replicate that inserted sequence.
WOW! This is the type of new technology that's extremely exciting and extremely scary at the same time! Thanks for sharing, Derek. By the way, can you point me toward the White mountains I'm looking for Ozymandias? I don't want to be capped.
That was actually really interesting.
That must surely deserve to be called the Rube-Goldberg procedure.
5:47 What's with the lower frame rate of the guy in the reflection to the left?
*X files soundtrack intensifies*
Different guy?
I was constantly smiling while watching this video. I think that the doctor was able to influence my brain remotely ☺️
So incredible in the way technology advances so quickly
Wow this will revolutionize our world
Very promising, but making it cheaper and readily available will be difficult and take years. It will take minimum of 10 years until we get a viable commercial procedure. So just in time we get older.
Your world? What about MY world!
I live in the Nth dimensions, please send help
Go to OpenWater.cc, Their technology is based on this, we are in exciting times indeed, this is one of the things that has future implications for VR aswell.
This is pretty cool and revolutionary,considering how frightening surgeries can be for some people with high risk probabilities.
I love your channel. Every single video. You’re awesome. Thanks for teaching me countless things and ideas. Much appreciation goes to you my friend
While this is nothing short of amazing, I find the fact that we can replace the DNA in neurons in such large scales to be much more important. If DNA modification in such scales is possible, then surely all the cellular damage caused by aging is not only treatable but also reversible. This could be the cure for aging.
CRISPR-cas9 viruses do that better, that's more likely to be your aging cure. The blood brain barrier is the only reason we couldn't do this to brain cells before this advancement. Did you know you can buy CRISPR-cas9 viruses and vectors online?? $8.50 per microgram
@NO I did know about CRISPR-cas9 but I didn't know they were that cheap. Though I wouldn't know how to use it, or what even to do with it tbh. So not very useful 😂
@@feynstein1004 check The Odin. Crazy guy there doing a lot to make genetic engineering accessible.
Nah i don't think about stopping aging. I think about alzheimer and dying more authentically once we can treat its causes.
@Tasty Rainbro Eh don't we know about its causes already? Some kind of plaque buildup in the brain?
inb4 this becomes mind control in 20 years
@casual Don't worry, this is only a fake feeding a conspiracy theory.
I am very impressed trying to grasp the potential of this technique. They are able to address small regions of the brain from outside. For now they just shut that regions on and off, but it is very easy to imagine this control gaining resolution in dimension and activation level. What if a nano particle is created to interact with sound and spread in the brain. What kind of intervention (for good and bad) would this allow.
I am a medical student dreaming to become a neurosurgeon and this is so intersting to me. I will follow with extreme interest every progress of this research. I took many notes listening this scientist and so many ideas are flowing in my head now :D
Thank You!
P.S.: excuse my english, I am italian xD
This sounds really useful but also really scary. Also, as a diver, introducing any kinds of bubbles into my blood stream makes me uncomfortable (even so called "micro bubbles" are carefully controlled when determining safe bottom times). That sounds like it's asking for trouble.
Darpa guys are wetting their pants
I was thinking the same thing.. Imagine: Grab somebody off the street, inhibit their memory formation, 'interrogate' them for hours, drop them in a hotel, and they wouldn't even remember it. Yikes.
@@aaronkoch3273
It wouldn't work like that.
First you would need to get them into one of those MRI tubes. Then you have to wait a while while the virus rewrites the neuroreceptors. And only then can you administer the chosen drug that will inhibit memory creation.
So your subjects will remember the abduction and the time in the MRI tube. No way around that with this method.
And that is not what it's for.
There are many much simpler and easier ways to inhibit memory creation, and even implanting of false memories.
Very interesting, though I'm wary of the risks involved in opening the blood-brain barrier, same with dealing with the ventral tegmental area and reward systems
There a lot of amazing developments in this filed. I am truly interested to know, can this be used to re-activate parts of the brain in cerebral palsy patients ? Having a child with cerebral palsy is a huge tragedy. Are there any developments in this direction ? Thanks!
Why dr. Shapiro feels like future super villain who's trying to hide some weird experiments he's doing with a smile??
"It's not non-invasive brain surgery." Doesn't have quite the same ring to it...
Thank you Mikhail Shapiro, very cool!
7:12 I took those courses, too, and agree they were super informative. In that regard, well done on your thesis, this vid, i.e., the animations herein.
If they wanted mice not to form memories they could have just given them some booze :-)
Of course. But the point is not to prevent memory formation. That was just to test if the technique works in principle.
Now they can go on to heal things booze can't.