Stegosaurs: A History of Spikes and Plates
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- Опубліковано 12 чер 2021
- Stegosaurs were a lineage of armoured Thyreophoran Dinosaurs that thrived during the Jurassic Period. Possessing small narrow skulls, leaf shaped teeth and plated osteoderms running along their backs, these distinctive herbivores dwelt in Eurasia, North America and Africa. They were slow moving animals that used their spiked thagomizers to drive away predators. The group died out during the Early Cretaceous, likely due to a reduction in cycad plant diversity at this time.
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I love how Dacentrurus and Miragaia are kind of at the opposite ends of the neck/head spectrum for Stegosaurs
I hadn’t thought of that! Good observation.
All stegosaurs: "I'm stupid as hell and armed to the teeth!"
A dangerous combination lol
Ahh finally; a video about thagomizers!
RIP Thag Simmons
I wanted to call my son Thagomizer
Ah stegosaurs, the group where their showcase dino is literally the most stegoy of stegos
Stegosaurus is and always will be my boy/girl. I don't know what drew me to Stegosaurus as a kid, whether it was the spikes, unmistakable profile, or feeling a connection because Stegosaurus never seemed to get any respect and neither did I. Had a bunch of Stegosaurus toys already, but the first Jurassic Park toy my mom ever bought me was a Stegosaurus that I held on to for 20 years. Inaccurate as it was even in '93, I wish I still had it.
I had no idea Dravidosaurus wasn't a stegosaurid, or even a dinosaur anymore.
I really like them as well but I can’t exactly explain why.
I love the ankylosaurs and all their kin, including the stegosaurs, because I have a thing about badass herbivores. Same reason I love giant ground sloths and glyptodonts from the mammalian age. There's the constant battle between predator and prey... and then there are these guys, who just go about their own business and don't prey on anybody except the vegetables. But heaven help you if you try to bother them -- you *will* regret it.
They're great.
Thyreophoran Dinosaurs have been my favorite herbivorous animals ever since I can remember, and Stegosaurus in particular. I never understood why they don't get much discussion. They are badass and fascinating.
Totally agree!
Great video. It's funny how the most iconic stegosaur is actually a bit of a weirdo among stegosaurs
Yeah that's true, most of the other Stegosaurs are fairly obscure animals in comparison.
Shame that stegosaurs died out in the early Cretaceous, wonder what forms they could have gave rise to if they had survived
Yes it is a shame. For reasons I can’t quite explain, I like Stegosaurs and find them oddly charming. Perhaps it’s their small heads and tubby bodies that give them a derpy quality.
Who knows, maybe someday a fossil of a new more recent specimen is found in Siberia or somewhere, many fossils are yet to be discovered!
I’m pretty sure Cretaceous Stegosaurs may yet turn up in India or Australia.
@@dr.polaris6423 eocene Stegos
Personally, I prefer the ankylosaurs, but it’d be cool to know what would have happened if these two groups co-existed?
I find it comical that the most iconic of the group, and the one they are named, Stegosaurus is one of the more unique members of it's family as it seems most of them had spikes all along the tail not just the tip, had smaller triangular plates rather than the massive diamond shaped, and did not have shoulder spines.
I remember reading that stegosaurs could not chew sideways - only up and down. This feature and the very small teeth make me think that it had a specialized tongue.
Wow, these monsters were really built to slam larger creatures with their tails! Look how high their hinds are raised and (obviously) the spikes on their long and robust tails.
While the triceratops-like dinosaurs used their fronts to defend, these mighty beasts would face their enemies with their backs! This is so amazing
Many people think stegosaurs were stupid and were doomed to go extinct but what they don't realize is that stegosaurs were intelligent enough to diversify in to many forms on several continents for a period of 40 million years.
Exactly. They were successful and widespread animals for their time.
You're anthropomorphizing. Evolution is NOT intelligence, just happenstance. They fit their environs nicely, therefore they flourished, until they didn't...
@@ta192utube That's not what i meant. I did not say evolution equals intelligence. I was pointing out that stegosaurs are considered dumb by the general public and not fit for their environment. What i meant was they were adaptable and flourished from the middle jurassic to the early cretaceous and therefore they were dynamic being able to endure changes and the break up of continents.
I am looking forward to videos about the amphicyonids, pareiasaurs, and terror birds, because it is clear you really do your research about prehistoric animals.
Ah thank you! I’ll cover all of these in the future.
I get so hyped every time Dr. Polaris posts a new video.
same here
Always a delight to see a new Dr. Polaris video 👍
Thanks!
I wonder what damage a Thagomizer could do to a regular car hood and engine?
Seeing that actually found an big Al with severe damage to a groin by a Stegosaur.
Crazy enough, the big Al survived that prehistoric, spiked, painful, groin shot.
That would be a hilarious scene in the newest Jurassic World movie.
Seeing insurance companies trying to figure out Dino damage, and a family trying to explain exactly what happened.
lol that has to succ
I love your videos. I just sent them off to my cousin so she could show them to her kid. Keep up the great work!
That’s great!
This was one absolutely awesome Dr. Polaris video on the amazing Stegosaurus & it's family.
Also hope your day is going great.
Thanks, glad you enjoyed it!
Recently visited the Natural History Museum in London, for the first time in many years. Sadly the Titanosaur display I went to see is now moving on, but there is a beautiful Stegosaurus skeleton reconstruction near one of the main entrances. There is also an impressive Tuojiangosaurus skeleton reconstruction in the main dinosaur hall. They put a lot of effort into making their displays interesting and visually appealing (the NHM I mean although maybe the stegosaurs did too!). There is also a brilliant animatronic reconstruction of two Deinonychus complete with feathers! And elsewhere an impressive Smilodon fatalis skeleton amongst many other prehistoric wonders.
Excellent video presentation as always Dr Polaris, thank you!
8:58
Male Dacentrurus to female:
"Goodness, gurl, you huuuge"
😉
So this is how I find out that both The Isle and Path of Titans have plans for Kentrosaurus. The video is informative in more ways than one!
Fun fact! Stegosaurus was already a fossil when T.Rex walked the earth!
So does all dinosaur that died in Jurassic?
“Thagomizer.” Excellent. This fellow keeps a straight face using the word.
Thank you very much. I definitely enjoyed it.
Sometimes I’m just blown away that these things actually worked around once.
I’m like waking in the woods and thing “these giant crazy things were actually real.”
Then I think “some guy was sitting on gobleki tepe thousands of years ago thinking ..this place is so insanely old, I wonder who built it.”
Then I wonder what it was like when thousands of years ago someone found a dinosaur fossil.
I often find myself thinking similar thoughts. In many ways, Non-Avian dinosaurs were so different from anything alive today. A case in point would the largest Titanosaurs, animals that were at least ten times as massive as modern elephants.
bro, just be glad to what we have now. We have a weird massive four legged thick skinned giant mammal with a nose that can be used as an arm..
And wr have the weird long necked camel moose leopard thing
@@carlosandleon would’ve been cool if humans didn’t kill off the wooly mammoth, spotted lion. Short faced bear, cave bear, sabretooth tiger, the giant tree sloth & the giant 2 headed troll
@@ransakreject5221 I think at least half of those would have gone extinct regardless. Humans are a very ancient species. It doesn't make that much sense that 10 000 years ago they started massacring everything else to extinction.
I think a significant climatic change happened in the younger dryas
@@carlosandleon that’s what I thought. But then I read about how when humans first showed up the large mammals die out. Whether we kill them or just outcompete the predators I don’t know.
Like when humans got to the America’s the big things die. Something suggesting it’s true is that there is an island north or Russia where the wooly mammoths were alived when Jesus walked the earth. Long after the rest died out. It’s thought humans never got there til then. Also the island where huge reptiles lived like Komodo kept them big beasts cause humans didn’t show til few hundred years ago.
It’s certainly not proven but the evidence ti me suggests that humans killed em off. Just as we mostly killed off the Neanderthal.
Tho technically is European snow beasts have average a couple % Neanderthal so I guess in a way they are still here.
At least some people… like
Boxer Nikolai Valuev is pretty much one
I really love your Videos even though I know nothing about prehistory
Love the illustrations of the various kinds of stegosaurus and its closest relatives.
The shoulder spikes on some species remind me a lot of the aetosaurs of the early Triassic.
*looks at your sub count and number of views* they grow up so fast...I've been here since the tree lobster! Hope u continue to grow and thrive good doctor!
Thanks for sticking with me!
With hind limbs notably longer than their forelimbs, I have to wonder if members of Stegosaurus moved bipedally, if only occasionally.
My favorite dinosaur is spinosaurus. I blame JP3 but with the new information that's come out over the last year I like them more
🔥🎸🔥
What amazing creatures. To be appreciated at any age.
I'm 33 now, and dinosaurs are only getting more fascinating.
Doc never fail to impress as always, awesome
Dacentrurus ah yes
The THICC stegosaur
The thicc Stegosaur indeed. Was also probably the heaviest of them as well.
@@dr.polaris6423 and it's rarely seen in pop culture I would love to see one in a movie
When you're biting into a good steak but it has also has vertical tortilla chips. 😫
That's basically a POV of a T-Rex trying to bite a Stegosaurus
Haha yeah, only the predator doing the biting would be Allosaurus.
Chunkingosaurus steak
Jurassic park refference
They lived millions of years apart
@@juliusfucik4011 We're closer in time to T.rex than T.rex was to Stegosaurus. Think about that for a second.
This video was really interesting, but the upcoming one looks even better.
Thanks, it will feature a lot of large Pseudosuchian apex predators!
I love this channel. Good way to end the day after studying for hours
The art is beautiful. You’re great! Great!
time to share this :D
following up after the video now im realy exited to watch the next one. as a little kid watching shows about them namley from walking with dinosaurs. cant wait to hear about postosuchus and its relatives again.
Awesome video!
If more stegosaurid fossils are found in Australia, a new name could be Boomerangasaurus.
For defence, it can launch its thagomizer spikes against an attacker. The spikes would then fly back and reattach to the same position on the tail.
Totally believable....
Considering that they named a dinosaur in Australia after an airline (quantassaurus), I could see that happening if either a stegosaur or stegorous-like ankylosaur was found there...
Great!! Another one!!
Ah, my favorite herbivore dino family. Many thanks to you for this.
No problem. I find Stegosaurs to be quite underrated animals, with only Stegosaurus itself receiving any attention.
@@dr.polaris6423 My favorite is the skikey boi itself Kentrasaurus. Like the punk rocker of the stego family.
Love a good steggo video.
Kentrosaurus lived is hot, semi arid areas, consisting of shallow lagoons, tidal flats and vegetated in land ecosystems dominated by corniferous trees. They fed on small and soft foliage, barely chewing.
Stegosaurus is one of my favorite dinosaurs ever since I saw one fight a T. Rex (and get killed) in Fantasia.
Great photo
Alright well now I wanna hear about the ankylosaurs
We need more Cretaceous stegosaurs.
I’m fairly convinced that Stegosaurs were still present in India and Australia during the Cretaceous.
@@dr.polaris6423 Kinda surprised a decline in cycads would be enough to do them in.
Dr. Polaris 👍
Surprising that the enlarged rear legs were a derived feature. I always assumed that they were a holdover from being evolved from bipeds. So the only way to explain this feature is that they were tripedal browsers like giant ground sloths. Standing in a tripedal stance would however negate the effectiveness of the thagomizer so it’s unclear how this would work.
I've always had a soft spot for Chungkingosaurus myself~ :)
ah stegosaurus! one of my favourite Dinosaurs
Forget Thagomizers, I DIDN'T KNOW THEY HAD GIANT SHOULDER SPIKES
Maybe we should call them prodomizers.
I was wondering about animals with sails and backplates, and I know current theory about them is that they're probably for cooling. But another thing they might've done is protect the animal from attacks from above by flying organisms, or much by larger predators that had to strike downward. I tried to picture how a raptor-like flier might try to attack an animal with a sail, like a dimetrodon. It might have been difficult.
Except that there were no fliers when dimetrodon lived.
Hmm, regarding sometimes using only hind legs, would it be anatomicaly possible for the stegosaurid to run od two legs like a pangolin using heavy tail as a counterweight? Massive pelvis and shorter muscular front legs hint something like that. Is there any theory about usage of front legs in stegos other than walking?
Good question. In genera such as Kentrosaurus some degree of temporary bipedal movement could theoretically be possible. However, it is more likely that standing in a tripodal position to feed would be the preferred option.
Cool dino
These armoured spiky cows are pretty metal
when should we expect another spec evo video, doc?
Spikes to pull down Termite nests and an extremely long sticky tongue would be traits I could imagine for Stegosaurids. They look like ant and termite eaters.
I wonder why Stegosaurus didn't have the side spikes like its relatives.
Not sure but close relatives of Stegosaurus such as Hesperosaurus lacked them as well.
8:52 incoming rule 34
How often do you get asked about the depiction of a stegosaur in the temple; Angkor Watt 🙁?
Hey can anyone explain the word derived?
Suggest you compare compose and comprise. Only thing I remember from a semester of linguistics.
Higher hips seen like they evolved to give a stronger upwards swing versus taller theropods while remaining a low browser? An arms race?
Stegosaurus Is my favorite. 💜💜💜
Dr Polaris, sometimes I wonder whether you just make some of these words up. :-)
Thyreophora seems pretty cool
プレートは無防備な背中を守るために発達した様ですね。アロサウルスやケラトサウルスから襲撃された時にプレートを噛みつかせておいて相手の動きをとめ、そこを狙いすましてスパイクで突き刺したんでしょう。敵に素早く背後を向けるために前脚より後脚の方が長くなってます。
Some of these stegos are THICC!!!
They really make you wonder about their whole ecology.
Their defense seems so unfitting for some reason.
RIP Thag Simmons
Could you do a video on t.rex
Imagine they got to the size of the lost world ones ?
So who else remembers those old Orbis Dinosaurs! magazines? I have nearly the entire collection mint still lol XD
Stegosaurus is my spirit animal
You must be the Attenborough of the Paleouniververse
world of warcraft music is giving me flashbacks...
How did it sleep? Obviously not on its side. Or back. What? It just “crouched” on its chest all night?
Perhaps they could have slept standing up like modern horses.
@@dr.polaris6423 horses need to lie down to get REM sleep, they only really nap standing up. They can sleep on their belly, kind of. If they fold their legs under themselves. Maybe that's what these guys did 🤔 Anyway, loved the video 😁👍.
Good point! I can see Stegosaurus perhaps sitting down on slightly bent legs in order to sleep.
Rip Thag Simmons
I recall that the stegosaurus from the Jurassic Park novel was replaced by the late Cretaceous Triceratops in the movie.
Yeah, but they brought the stegosaurus back for the sequel.
8:57
Draw me like one of your french dinosaurs
Diggity-dinosaur's! Wooooo!!! Lol. I adore these smooth brained, apple sized Dino's. With their thagomizers* they are the original Thags (Chads)
乁 ˘ o ˘ ㄏ. I had to make that pun
How did these things mate? Like porcupines, I guess.
Love the video but like...how do you un ironically use Brian's paleoart in an educational video?
There’s sometimes so little artwork of the more obscure animals that I have use the resources that are available, even if it might not be 100% accurate.
@Naukumaija Mau-mau have you ever heard of David peters?
@Naukumaija Mau-mau nah it's cool. The issue is that people don't know him honestly but anyway. He's basically a crack pot artist who believes he is the one true source of accurate information even though he's never seen a fossil in person. He believes pterosaurs walked up right on two legs, that they were literally lizards, that mammals are lizards, and that pterosaurs had ridiculous structures. Look up his art sometime because it's a real shame how unironically talented that man is but his infor is just bad.
Brian is that but for theropods. He believes that because birds are dinosaurs then that means every dinosaur had elaborate display structures and we're all neon. Unlike peters who just looks at blurry photos to justify his claims, Brian says that any soft tissue is possible in any extinct dinosaur even if evidence goes against it.
He thinks that sauropods were neon blue and covered in quills and that mosasaurs swam like actual modern lizards rather than the aquatic predators they actually were.
@Naukumaija Mau-mau oh I'm fully aware but that's not the issue. The issue is that the scientific community has mostly denounced those reconstructions but those are the artists and reconstructions that are being put into museums
The tail and fins are not useful as defense. The dermal bones are just rooted into the skin and would rip loose with little stress. The tail vertebrae are small and unfused unlike ankylasaurs. Though they were useful for intimidation they couldn't back it up with an actual attack.
3:16 - I see they had to break the tail, and re-orient the hips of this poor sauropod. Why are we seeing this awful 1920s tail-dragging preparation?
Can we assume the colouration is just conjecture?
Considering how effectively protected Stegosaurus were, what dinos preyed on them?
As adults, probably not much, especially the larger species. Stegosaurs did share their environment with various ceratosaurids, allosaurids, and megalosaurids.
@Naukumaija Mau-mau I'm pretty sure the Allosaurus in question showed no signs of healing around the area, heavily implying it do not survive that injury.
@Naukumaija Mau-mau Maybe. I'll have to look at it again.
Yeah, according to the video the Allosaurus did survive. No idea what I was getting it mixed up with.
That’s a whole bunch of them
I can't believe there's people that actually say cheerio
Common in England, dear boy. More tea?
8:29 Dang, that one is pretty big.
@prependedprepended6606 I enjoyed reading that. Thanks! 👍
phonetically DaSSentruros = Δάσος + Ουρά, Forest (dense vertical structures) for a tail/on a tail. Point being, it's read as an S and not a K. Yes, of course I'm Greek.
Wasn´t that "forefather of stegosaurids" a bit too "ankylosauriish"?
Even Godzilla was part stegosaur.
8:57
Colorado state fossil. They were pushed out of existence by the ankylosaurus branch.
I wonder when stegosaurus went extinct?
ah. stegosaurus, best saurus.