I think scientists actually have a pretty solid understanding of quantum physics, almost to the degree of their understanding of classical and relativistic mechanics. If they did not understand quantum mechanics I don't think they would have been able to come up with this technology.
This is exactly the right attitude to have. There are plenty of videos helping people pass physics exams, but not enough physics videos where people actually want to watch them out of fascination. The periodic table of videos do exactly the same thing but with Chemistry, and do that well as well.
my way of understanding. say u are an electron standing on a rock in a vast puddle with other rocks everywhere if the closest rock is six feet away or less u are almost guaranteed to be able to get to the next one. as they move farther apart your chances get slimmer very quickly. so these rocks are like the nano particles. they are placed just far enough for you to not be able to hop, baring an incredible burst of energy (which electrons are capable of). when someone pushes on the screen these rocks move closer together, so as soon as you feel confident enough to get there you start hopping and obviously the harder they push, the easier it is, so you'll move a lot faster (less resistance, more current)
Brady Haran, hats off to you for putting these videos together! I absolutely love to hear these professors from U of Nottingham, especially Philip with his intensity & passion, he really gets "true" to me! I couldnt possibly even pick a favorite, theyre all fantastic to listen to. so Brady, thanks again
can we use the uncertainty principle to further increase the likelyhood of quantum tunneling by very accurately defining the speed of the electrons and thus increasing the uncertainty in its position?
I liked what he said at the end, that even as we don't really understand quantum physics, as in, having an intuitive grasp on it, we still use it. That's amazing
It is because an electron is formed by empty spavew, it is an effect of space. Space and energy between two wavefunctions is quantified. If extra energy is added within that space, an electron will appear
The tunnel diode was the first practical semiconductor device to utilise the principle of quantum tunnelling. It can actually be operated both forward- and reverse-biased due to the tunneling effect, and the diode behaves very differently when used in reverse.
@WZaDproductions Actually that's the electrons moving through the air. With tunneling they go from one point to another directly. The air may be an insulator, but it can still conduct electricity, just not very well.
Every instance of -C has an anti+C compressing+4-0-4+-decompressing expanding spheres dividing gravity and this input+0/1-output entanglement of spherical wave fronts is why objects can have broken symmetry at otherwise relative points of space coming into and out of existence and is why a high wave+amplitude wave-centre can move through one slit whilst its pilot-wave fronts move through the other we have interference now but we also have Pauli's exclusion principle where two sources of info
i;m not even a collage student, but i think that the tunneling effect is some what applicable to all materials, but the film is what has the massive change in resistance. most insulators do not have their properties relative to conductance change massively when pressure is applied. also about your temperature question, tunneling does not raise temperature by its self, all things experience tunneling. but when things are close this is when it starts to affect things we can see, like the sun.
@secret212000 Yeah, in the process of fusion energy is released. It requires lower energy to be fused as a helium atom than a hydrogen atom. When energy is emitted from the atom it is sent off in "quanta" this quanta has a specific energy and corresponds to a specific frequency on the electromagnetic spectrum. This frequency is the color of the star.
The physicist in this film uses touch-screen devices as mobile phones to explain the difficult subject of quantum-tunneling. The explanation is straightforward and may be understood by high school physics students (Physics 2) as well as undergraduate physics-engineering students. He explains how by touching the screen the finger applies a pressure to the screen and this minimal pressure may change the insulator of very large resistance to a good conductor. Watch it! You will enjoy it!
Should of explained Tunneling earlier on in the video. I figured it out as the video was playing but I missed some concepts in the beginning of the video because I was focused on the tunneling concept. Awesome video, 5 Stars
Great video! I've heard about quantum tunneling many times, but never had an intuitive understanding of it until i watched this video. Thank you! (it seems so obvious now) Now I think I understand STM!
Depends on what you mean by "very, very, VERY small"... Its based on the amount of electrons flowing through it, while when you are touching it you are increasing the propability for each electron to take that gap, the total amount for that should be relativly constant. So, it might be slightly higher than the chances for the universe from litteraly nothing, while in the last case it doesnt matter how unlikely it is, as long as there is nothing it doesn matter how long it took...
@vmistry94 Think about this, what makes an object solid? It's not that the particles within solid objects are any bigger than the objects at the quantum level, in fact they are one and the same. What makes a difference is that solid objects bound their particles together through forces experienced between particles. These forces are what keep objects from flying apart. At the quantum level you have objects that avoid being trapped by these forces, and hence can pass through doors.
Another funny thing about barriers is that if the particle's energy is larger than the barrier height, classically it would mean that particle will get past the barrier with a probability of unity. In QM, however, even with energy barrier lower than the particle's energy, the probability of particle getting past the barrier is less than unity, meaning there is as possibility for it to bounce back. Using same example, the ball will essentially bounce back from the open door (door frame)!
I'm not Brady nor a professor, just a physics student. But from my understanding, this phenomenon only happens in certain specifically engineered polymers (at least on a detectible scale). It doesn't seem as though there is a link to temperature (that's generally a phenomenon in gasses, though not solely - just think of stretching rubber bands), but there may well be a link to that as well - I don't understand temperature on quantum scales well enough to say for sure.
Yes. To clear things up a bit, a single process, such as fusion in the sun, does not have one simple explanation. Gravity pulls them closer together on a large scale, the temperature makes them move faster, neither of which quite explain it, so quantum tunneling is the last, or one of the last, pieces of the full explanation.
Well the sun example was about fusion, not fission. There is a critical mass required for fission reactions to take place. If the block is sitting on your table it is technically undergoing a fission reaction because the decaying atoms could trigger the decay of another. The reason it doesn't explode, however, is because very few of the decays trigger another. Quantum tunneling also doesn't (to my knowledge) play a role in fission, there is no "barrier" the neutrons need to pass.
Two questions: 1. Why are the nanoparticles moved together when one applies a force on them? I guess, the nanoparticles are not squeezed perpendicular to the force as Philip demonstrates at 4:10 but parallel to the force. 2. I probably have to learn more about the flow of electrons, but I can't see the connection between it and quantum tunneling. I mean, they flow because the nano particles are now close enough for the electrons to "jump" from one particle to the next, aren't they?
They _are_ RAM. Random Access Memory means any location can be randomly chosen and accessed at any time. The term RAM has nothing to do with any other characteristic of the type of circuitry. A disk or other mechanical memory (and some types of non-mechanical memory like bubble memories and CCD's) can only be accessed sequentially. Any address in a flash memory can be read at any time, or written at any time if the block has already been erased. Core memory is also RAM.
Thank you ;) My problem is, exactly the same consistency of probabilities could be obtained from the flip of a coin; the same thing applies, before you flip it, you really can't predict which side it will land on, but the probabilities are still the same. However there still exists some convoluted mechanism which governs the outcome.
No, that's got to do with the ionisation of the air between the ends. The difference in charge between the ends can ionise the air, which then becomes conductive. Higher voltage can ionise a longer stretch of air, and a lightning bolt - cloud to earth - needs millions of volts.
Brady, I was watching another video about Quantum Physics just now, and was wondering: When they say that photons of light change from being waves to particles when observed, shouldn't you be able to record it on a camera while not watching, and then watch it afterwards, since you are not watching "real life" but a recording, thus not actually observing the event, only the camera's rendition?
The reason stuff can go trough stuff is because nothing have an actual "delimited volume"... Basically, the world is composed of forces. Fundamental "particles" are only, in fact, the *center* of forces... Since forces are not binary, you can go past the "determined" barrier. The only thing is that a greater force mean a lower possibility that a particle have enough kinetic energy to get near to the center of force. I think even scientist forget this property of matter : Fundamental particles are essentially the center of forces interacting between eachother... A particle don't have delimited boundaries! *Any fundamental particle is made of [fundamental] forces fields... Litteraly!*
@@unho126 i think it can be described like a photon is just a classical representation of a "peak" in the electromagnetic wave field - where these peaks are just the centre of an incline in energy density. Like water in a bathtub, the very peak of each wave would be seen as particles by classical methods. Likewise an electron could be thought of as the "centre" of a wider negative electric force. Someone please correct me if i'm just spouting nonsense!
@sixtysymbols I'm confused. QM & classical physics are supposedly disconnected. Yet phonons appears to integrate the two seamlessly. QM particle descriptions -> crystalline structure -> phonons -> QM 'stangeness' in the classical domain. Vibration & resonance are QM's statistical methodology made real?. sound's observable existence depends where a mic. is. vibrating objects analogous to wave packets being there /t All part of one wave function? Where exactly IS the disconnection plz?
@Moriarty2112 Maybe you've heard of it (I only found out recently), but there is one type of memory that's both RAM and EEPROM. It's called FRAM (F stands for ferroelectric). I don't know the physics behind it, but it's as fast as RAM while being non-volatile at the same time. Just tossing it as an idea for a video if you feel like it.
@JJAB91 I'm thinking - not enough energy. Temperature is a measure in the amount of thermal energy of an object. Think about it, the particles on the Sun would have so much more energy than the particles on the Earth due to the difference in temperature.
Question: I thought that fusion was possible in the sun because of the gravity pull exerted by the sun which surpassed the repulsion of the hydrogen atoms and made them fuse. Is it gravity or quantum tunneling or when Professor Moriarty means protons in the sun it's just another quantum process?
If we could possibly move on from what a football 'is', what it isn't and, hell I can't resist, what, "is", is, well then I'd like to clear one thing up if I could. Are we then talking about a tremendous increase in sensitivity as the functional breakthrough here for these type devices and if so just how has this held the technology back up to this point? I understand we've entered a 3D interactive space and the very different options we are presented there, but what are immediate uses, changes?
It states of a high degree of change in exchange on the third plane (in and out), but what is the senitivity on the other two planes? In the future could it be said that this could be used to pick up finger prints when the user touchs the screen.
So it seems that the Sun is entirely dependant on quantum tunneling, but I was just wondering if there are starts hot/dense that don't depend on it? And how would that star differ on its outside when observing it?
Just remembered how me and my late father watched Star Trek The Next Generation. We both lowed the show, yet he claimed there will never be such thing as touching glass surface to be used instead of classic buttons. It is sad he is not alive to see what we have of our mobile devices today.
You know, two membrane touchscreens (think old nintendo ds) have been around longer than capacitive touchscreens (think iphone), and the reason capacitive touchscreens won out is because they can be placed behind a very rigid, durable material, like tempered glass. This nanoparticle thing is a great idea, but won't its usefulness be limited by the durability of the polymer (or other flexible insulator) substrate? wont it be just as vulnerable to scratches at the old touchscreens?
If the electron has a probability of being in the obstacle and that obstacle is another fermion would this create a contradiction with the Pauli exclusion principle
does that mean if you get plastic and put it under enough pressure it would share its electrons because of quantum tunneling and that therefor look like a metal?
is move through the door is correct term or it is actually jumping that gap, I man if it was going through the door, that would mean it is just moving fast, we wouldn't be talking about uncertainty right ?
Daft question....were the screens designed with Quantum Mechanics in mind or is that just a way of you explaining how it works? For example, you mentioned a simple battery/bulb circuit...They were invented long before we knew about Quantum Theory (I think) so we never sat down and said 'We can use Quantum Tunnelling to get light from a circuit'...So when designing these screens did they say 'We can use Quantum Tunnelling to make a screen' ? Hope I explained that well enough!
And about the whole electricity thing at about 4 minutes on, either you can make the gap smaller, or provide more electrons; thus invoking a higher number of electrons to "beat the odds" and go through anyway. This is seen EVERYWHERE, especially in action movies. What is this? Put simply, the fact that charge-carrying matter (i.e. electric cable for a telephone wire) can spark and shoot out electricity proves quantum tunneling. A very common example is lightning, which occurs virtually everywhe
@joyork Don't feel bad about the thumbs! :) But remember he is using a simple analogy to explain PART of the concept to a WIDE audience, some of whom will lack your knowledge of quantum mechanics (I am one of them!!!!)
Can quantum tunnelling be used to explain how current can arc over 2 exposed end of a wire where the space between the wire is the barrier for the electron ?
@MrMaffen lol ur right btw do u do c++ programing cuz != is not equal to in c++ or is it the way u actaully type it on the internet i might sound stupid but its just a quesiton?
So, if am correct in understanding, the pure fact it is possible and not the probability rules due to the shear infinite iterations and outcomes of possibilities, packed in a moment?
Ok, but how can i "feel" where is the exact position of my touch? There is something like a matrix o conductor that feel this change and tell me the position? Very good explanation, Thank you
Does quantum tunneling have anything to do with the wave function passing through a higher dimension to have a probability of being in a different place? Still trying to grasp the concept
I'm just wondering, in the video he talks about how the electrons and protons and what not don't have a fixed location and can be found across a region of space, and the probability of it appearing at said location lowers with the distance. What I'm wondering is if there's any point at which the electron appearing there will be zero. Like is there a chance, however small it may be, that these particles can literally appear in any location in the entire universe?
I get resistive and capacitive touch screens, no probs. I've got some bits of quantum tunneling material. It's a sort of black foam rubber, and I think there's some controversy whether it's really using QT. Is QT being used for any touch screens now? Why? The latest news to me is a longer range capacitive screen which gets 3d hand gestures. Available now, for diy electronics fans.
Brady, or some profs, please tell me - does this require very specific type of film to press upon, or when I squeeze ANY object - I make difference in the tunneling ratio? Does it linked to increasing temperature or temperature raise under pressure is side effect of tunneling? Please, people - rate this question up (or answer it :)). Forget about soccer and football
Ha! I remember Dr. Moriarty's tale about his kid commenting something about the pronunciation of" three" sounding like "tree" (In the Guinness video) and he does kind of the same with "thru" (sounding like "true") @2:03 .
This is an invitation to see an objective understanding to quantum mechanics! An artist theory based on just two postulates: 1. Is that the quantum wave particle function Ψ or probability function represents the forward passage of time itself quanta by quanta! 2. Is that Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle ∆×∆p×≥h/4π that is formed by the w-function is the same uncertainty we have with any future event within our own ref-frame that we can interact with turning the possible into the actual!
Very great video indeed! Though I have a question about tunnelling in general, why electrons in valence band of a semiconductor do not tunnel to the conduction band?
Is the resolution capability fine enough for this technology to enable touch-screens to read fingerprints? If it's sensitive to deflections on the order of thousandths of millimeters, I would think it could distinguish between the ridges and valleys that make up a fingerprint. Unless the material that sandwiches the QTC layer is too stiff to transmit that fine deflection. ...am I making any sense? ;)
Ανδρέας Τσούχλος Though the chance would be astronomically low for both, there would be a higher chance of only part of your body going through a wall than your entire body. And by part I mean like maybe one particle xD so basically the chance is zero... but not quite zero... but close enough we can say it's zero xP so in other words, shouldn't expect you (or any significant part of you) to be going through any walls xP because you'd need the random event of every single one of the particles in your body to simultaneously go through the wall... so... yeah xD
Ανδρέας Τσούχλος Have in mind that quantum mechanics laws collapse when you came to think application in real world and classic physics start working .
Ανδρέας Τσούχλος I suppose so, but the chance is probably so low it would never happen in a billion lifetimes of the universe. I made that number up but I have to imagine it's in the right ballpark at least.
Ανδρέας Τσούχλος No, because quantum tunneling happens at the nanometer scale. Even if you could touch a barrier some nanometers thick, only particles in the molecules of your outer skin cells would tunnel.
does this mean although the electron is not supposed to move from one particle to another, it still will move around because of the probability? ps: very stupid question, does it really move around or does it "magically" appears in a position?
Now what is preventing some molecules from ending up in the same place like here on Earth? Wouldn't that cause a Fusion reaction destroying everything?
This is 2014, this video was made in 2010. Where are the new touch screens? Or did I not realise the change... (phones and tablets now can sence many fingers at the same time so maybe I just haddn't knoticed)
unfortunately pretty wrong. The "wave" is the actual movement on the water in your analogy. Two waves can go through each other, and while both waves are made of water, the waves themselves are not water. For this, picture when we say "particle" you're actually saying "the middle of a cloud." Except somehow particles are in the middle of clouds that don't want to be in the same space. Note that any analogy will fall apart when extended too far, especially for QM.
But the Heisenberg uncertainty principle itself tells us that we cannot make an infinitely precise measurement. Could it not be that the experiment we're setting up to be the 'same' is actually some immeasurable orders of magnitude off of being the 'same' with respect to the probabilities?
if this was applied to the atomic structure of an entire object say an apple, and if every atom in that apple has the possibility of being on the other side of a barrier would it not be possible to create a short range teleportation system? if that were possible the range could be extended as the atoms in the apple would have no definitive place on the other side of that barrier and could be moved repeatedly through the possibility of it being further away from the start point than before.
But how do some touch screens (like my iPod) only work with my finger, but not when I try to use it with another object, like an eraser or something? Is it an electrical quality of skin?
I love how even though we can't understand quantum mechanics to 100% certainty we can still make it work for us. I love science.
I guess it's similar to how you can throw and catch a ball without knowing calculus.
Filip. Or can play pool without knowing geometry and physics...
jake rheingold But can you play pool without an understanding of motor skills?
I think scientists actually have a pretty solid understanding of quantum physics, almost to the degree of their understanding of classical and relativistic mechanics. If they did not understand quantum mechanics I don't think they would have been able to come up with this technology.
swasomekayaker I think you're right about Feynman. I just heard Carroll use it recently. I quoted a quote I guess haha.
right tru the door
Tchrue
Wow haven't the Irish suffered enough?
2018 and watching this on my touchscreen smartphone ! It almost feels like I'm living in the future while watching these videos.
you literally do
@@anonymouscork xd
Yeah, I am feeling that too
This is exactly the right attitude to have. There are plenty of videos helping people pass physics exams, but not enough physics videos where people actually want to watch them out of fascination. The periodic table of videos do exactly the same thing but with Chemistry, and do that well as well.
Videos like this are what make this one of the best channels on UA-cam.
This was really easy to understand! I'm motivated for learning more about quantum tunneling because of this :)
my way of understanding. say u are an electron standing on a rock in a vast puddle with other rocks everywhere if the closest rock is six feet away or less u are almost guaranteed to be able to get to the next one. as they move farther apart your chances get slimmer very quickly. so these rocks are like the nano particles. they are placed just far enough for you to not be able to hop, baring an incredible burst of energy (which electrons are capable of). when someone pushes on the screen these rocks move closer together, so as soon as you feel confident enough to get there you start hopping and obviously the harder they push, the easier it is, so you'll move a lot faster (less resistance, more current)
Brady Haran, hats off to you for putting these videos together! I absolutely love to hear these professors from U of Nottingham, especially Philip with his intensity & passion, he really gets "true" to me! I couldnt possibly even pick a favorite, theyre all fantastic to listen to. so Brady, thanks again
can we use the uncertainty principle to further increase the likelyhood of quantum tunneling by very accurately defining the speed of the electrons and thus increasing the uncertainty in its position?
So is this why when I push my iPhone screen I get a different menu than when I lightly touch it? Or is the tech still a long way off (in 2017)?
As usual my brain hurts trying to grasp the content - I love it. Thanks for taking time out of your schedules to do these videos. Keep them coming!!!
I liked what he said at the end, that even as we don't really understand quantum physics, as in, having an intuitive grasp on it, we still use it. That's amazing
It is because an electron is formed by empty spavew, it is an effect of space. Space and energy between two wavefunctions is quantified. If extra energy is added within that space, an electron will appear
Thanks for that. Cleared a lot of stuff up for me. Nice to see someone with some passion speak about what they love.
And this video sums up why I love sixtysymbols!
Amazing video and a good explanation on a hard subject!
A hard subject that we utilize on a daily basis. 🙂
The tunnel diode was the first practical semiconductor device to utilise the principle of quantum tunnelling. It can actually be operated both forward- and reverse-biased due to the tunneling effect, and the diode behaves very differently when used in reverse.
@WZaDproductions
Actually that's the electrons moving through the air. With tunneling they go from one point to another directly. The air may be an insulator, but it can still conduct electricity, just not very well.
You have explained quantum tunneling better than any other video i have seen.
Every instance of -C has an anti+C compressing+4-0-4+-decompressing expanding spheres dividing gravity and this input+0/1-output entanglement of spherical wave fronts is why objects can have broken symmetry at otherwise relative points of space coming into and out of existence and is why a high wave+amplitude wave-centre can move through one slit whilst its pilot-wave fronts move through the other we have interference now but we also have Pauli's exclusion principle where two sources of info
i;m not even a collage student, but i think that the tunneling effect is some what applicable to all materials, but the film is what has the massive change in resistance. most insulators do not have their properties relative to conductance change massively when pressure is applied. also about your temperature question, tunneling does not raise temperature by its self, all things experience tunneling. but when things are close this is when it starts to affect things we can see, like the sun.
@secret212000
Yeah, in the process of fusion energy is released. It requires lower energy to be fused as a helium atom than a hydrogen atom. When energy is emitted from the atom it is sent off in "quanta" this quanta has a specific energy and corresponds to a specific frequency on the electromagnetic spectrum. This frequency is the color of the star.
The physicist in this film uses touch-screen devices as mobile phones to explain the difficult subject of quantum-tunneling. The explanation is straightforward and may be understood by high school physics students (Physics 2) as well as undergraduate physics-engineering students. He explains how by touching the screen the finger applies a pressure to the screen and this minimal pressure may change the insulator of very large resistance to a good conductor. Watch it! You will enjoy it!
Electricity, semi-conductors are quantum level phenomenon, and their controlled use will bring us more surprises-!!!
Should of explained Tunneling earlier on in the video. I figured it out as the video was playing but I missed some concepts in the beginning of the video because I was focused on the tunneling concept.
Awesome video, 5 Stars
Great video!
I've heard about quantum tunneling many times, but never had an intuitive understanding of it until i watched this video. Thank you! (it seems so obvious now) Now I think I understand STM!
Depends on what you mean by "very, very, VERY small"...
Its based on the amount of electrons flowing through it, while when you are touching it you are increasing the propability for each electron to take that gap, the total amount for that should be relativly constant.
So, it might be slightly higher than the chances for the universe from litteraly nothing, while in the last case it doesnt matter how unlikely it is, as long as there is nothing it doesn matter how long it took...
4:12 It will not move them, they may stick to thumb and when they fall of the thumb there is probability that they may be all close or even further
@vmistry94
Think about this, what makes an object solid? It's not that the particles within solid objects are any bigger than the objects at the quantum level, in fact they are one and the same. What makes a difference is that solid objects bound their particles together through forces experienced between particles. These forces are what keep objects from flying apart. At the quantum level you have objects that avoid being trapped by these forces, and hence can pass through doors.
right, how much of an effect would heat have. but also when a circuit is complete, heat is created depending on the resistance.
Another funny thing about barriers is that if the particle's energy is larger than the barrier height, classically it would mean that particle will get past the barrier with a probability of unity. In QM, however, even with energy barrier lower than the particle's energy, the probability of particle getting past the barrier is less than unity, meaning there is as possibility for it to bounce back. Using same example, the ball will essentially bounce back from the open door (door frame)!
I'm not Brady nor a professor, just a physics student. But from my understanding, this phenomenon only happens in certain specifically engineered polymers (at least on a detectible scale).
It doesn't seem as though there is a link to temperature (that's generally a phenomenon in gasses, though not solely - just think of stretching rubber bands), but there may well be a link to that as well - I don't understand temperature on quantum scales well enough to say for sure.
Yes. To clear things up a bit, a single process, such as fusion in the sun, does not have one simple explanation. Gravity pulls them closer together on a large scale, the temperature makes them move faster, neither of which quite explain it, so quantum tunneling is the last, or one of the last, pieces of the full explanation.
Well the sun example was about fusion, not fission. There is a critical mass required for fission reactions to take place. If the block is sitting on your table it is technically undergoing a fission reaction because the decaying atoms could trigger the decay of another. The reason it doesn't explode, however, is because very few of the decays trigger another. Quantum tunneling also doesn't (to my knowledge) play a role in fission, there is no "barrier" the neutrons need to pass.
Big fan myself too haha.
By the way, you win the award for pronouncing "wave" in the most interesting manner. :)
Two questions:
1. Why are the nanoparticles moved together when one applies a force on them? I guess, the nanoparticles are not squeezed perpendicular to the force as Philip demonstrates at 4:10 but parallel to the force.
2. I probably have to learn more about the flow of electrons, but I can't see the connection between it and quantum tunneling. I mean, they flow because the nano particles are now close enough for the electrons to "jump" from one particle to the next, aren't they?
Thanks I was so confused in class but you explained it so well, I'll be able to know it for gcse's on tuesday
That concept of an electron having a non-specific location is amazing. Just deepends for me the mystery of 'what is stuff?'
1:38 When he says the particle can be found within the barrier (ie energy barrier), doesn't that violate conservation of energy?
+George Kyriakou No. The barrier is still there and the particle is still there.
They _are_ RAM. Random Access Memory means any location can be randomly chosen and accessed at any time. The term RAM has nothing to do with any other characteristic of the type of circuitry. A disk or other mechanical memory (and some types of non-mechanical memory like bubble memories and CCD's) can only be accessed sequentially. Any address in a flash memory can be read at any time, or written at any time if the block has already been erased. Core memory is also RAM.
I'll second this, for such a complicated subject you did awesome explaining it.
Thank you ;)
My problem is, exactly the same consistency of probabilities could be obtained from the flip of a coin; the same thing applies, before you flip it, you really can't predict which side it will land on, but the probabilities are still the same. However there still exists some convoluted mechanism which governs the outcome.
What do you mean governs the outcome?
No, that's got to do with the ionisation of the air between the ends. The difference in charge between the ends can ionise the air, which then becomes conductive. Higher voltage can ionise a longer stretch of air, and a lightning bolt - cloud to earth - needs millions of volts.
Brady, I was watching another video about Quantum Physics just now, and was wondering:
When they say that photons of light change from being waves to particles when observed, shouldn't you be able to record it on a camera while not watching, and then watch it afterwards, since you are not watching "real life" but a recording, thus not actually observing the event, only the camera's rendition?
@RealNC I would just like to point out that stars don't actually 'burn'.
I see this was posted in 2010, is this technology commonplace in smartphones nowadays?
3D Touch on the iPhone 6s boiiii
does the iphone really use this technology?
The reason stuff can go trough stuff is because nothing have an actual "delimited volume"... Basically, the world is composed of forces. Fundamental "particles" are only, in fact, the *center* of forces... Since forces are not binary, you can go past the "determined" barrier. The only thing is that a greater force mean a lower possibility that a particle have enough kinetic energy to get near to the center of force.
I think even scientist forget this property of matter : Fundamental particles are essentially the center of forces interacting between eachother... A particle don't have delimited boundaries! *Any fundamental particle is made of [fundamental] forces fields... Litteraly!*
can you elaborate more on the forces? what kind of physical force are you talking about?
@@unho126 i think it can be described like a photon is just a classical representation of a "peak" in the electromagnetic wave field - where these peaks are just the centre of an incline in energy density.
Like water in a bathtub, the very peak of each wave would be seen as particles by classical methods. Likewise an electron could be thought of as the "centre" of a wider negative electric force. Someone please correct me if i'm just spouting nonsense!
I know nothing of quantum mechanics but that made perfect sense. Thank you.
@sixtysymbols I'm confused.
QM & classical physics are supposedly disconnected.
Yet phonons appears to integrate the two seamlessly. QM particle descriptions -> crystalline structure -> phonons -> QM 'stangeness' in the classical domain.
Vibration & resonance are QM's statistical methodology made real?. sound's observable existence depends where a mic. is. vibrating objects analogous to wave packets being there /t
All part of one wave function?
Where exactly IS the disconnection plz?
@Moriarty2112
Maybe you've heard of it (I only found out recently), but there is one type of memory that's both RAM and EEPROM. It's called FRAM (F stands for ferroelectric). I don't know the physics behind it, but it's as fast as RAM while being non-volatile at the same time. Just tossing it as an idea for a video if you feel like it.
@JJAB91 I'm thinking - not enough energy. Temperature is a measure in the amount of thermal energy of an object. Think about it, the particles on the Sun would have so much more energy than the particles on the Earth due to the difference in temperature.
Was anyone else thoroughly blown away by how ingenious the technology is?
Question: I thought that fusion was possible in the sun because of the gravity pull exerted by the sun which surpassed the repulsion of the hydrogen atoms and made them fuse. Is it gravity or quantum tunneling or when Professor Moriarty means protons in the sun it's just another quantum process?
If we could possibly move on from what a football 'is', what it isn't and, hell I can't resist, what, "is", is, well then I'd like to clear one thing up if I could. Are we then talking about a tremendous increase in sensitivity as the functional breakthrough here for these type devices and if so just how has this held the technology back up to this point? I understand we've entered a 3D interactive space and the very different options we are presented there, but what are immediate uses, changes?
It states of a high degree of change in exchange on the third plane (in and out), but what is the senitivity on the other two planes?
In the future could it be said that this could be used to pick up finger prints when the user touchs the screen.
So it seems that the Sun is entirely dependant on quantum tunneling, but I was just wondering if there are starts hot/dense that don't depend on it? And how would that star differ on its outside when observing it?
this channel is so great! thank you for taking the time to explain all these amazing things in ways i can understand! :)
Just remembered how me and my late father watched Star Trek The Next Generation. We both lowed the show, yet he claimed there will never be such thing as touching glass surface to be used instead of classic buttons. It is sad he is not alive to see what we have of our mobile devices today.
You know, two membrane touchscreens (think old nintendo ds) have been around longer than capacitive touchscreens (think iphone), and the reason capacitive touchscreens won out is because they can be placed behind a very rigid, durable material, like tempered glass. This nanoparticle thing is a great idea, but won't its usefulness be limited by the durability of the polymer (or other flexible insulator) substrate? wont it be just as vulnerable to scratches at the old touchscreens?
why is the volume so low on your videos, sort it out
If the electron has a probability of being in the obstacle and that obstacle is another fermion would this create a contradiction with the Pauli exclusion principle
does that mean if you get plastic and put it under enough pressure it would share its electrons because of quantum tunneling and that therefor look like a metal?
is move through the door is correct term or it is actually jumping that gap, I man if it was going through the door, that would mean it is just moving fast, we wouldn't be talking about uncertainty right ?
Daft question....were the screens designed with Quantum Mechanics in mind or is that just a way of you explaining how it works? For example, you mentioned a simple battery/bulb circuit...They were invented long before we knew about Quantum Theory (I think) so we never sat down and said 'We can use Quantum Tunnelling to get light from a circuit'...So when designing these screens did they say 'We can use Quantum Tunnelling to make a screen' ? Hope I explained that well enough!
And about the whole electricity thing at about 4 minutes on, either you can make the gap smaller, or provide more electrons; thus invoking a higher number of electrons to "beat the odds" and go through anyway. This is seen EVERYWHERE, especially in action movies. What is this? Put simply, the fact that charge-carrying matter (i.e. electric cable for a telephone wire) can spark and shoot out electricity proves quantum tunneling. A very common example is lightning, which occurs virtually everywhe
You should clarify that the electron simple appears on the other side of the door, not passes through
Does this kind of touchscreen require you to press it with your fingers or will it respond to every material?
@joyork Don't feel bad about the thumbs! :)
But remember he is using a simple analogy to explain PART of the concept to a WIDE audience, some of whom will lack your knowledge of quantum mechanics (I am one of them!!!!)
So the touchscreen combines classical mechanics (deformation of the touchscreen surface) with quantum mechanics (tunneling of the electrons)?
Can quantum tunnelling be used to explain how current can arc over 2 exposed end of a wire where the space between the wire is the barrier for the electron ?
I have a question: does the particle appear on the other side of the barrier or does it actually travel through it?
@MrMaffen lol ur right btw do u do c++ programing cuz != is not equal to in c++ or is it the way u actaully type it on the internet i might sound stupid but its just a quesiton?
So, if am correct in understanding, the pure fact it is possible and not the probability rules due to the shear infinite iterations and outcomes of possibilities, packed in a moment?
well he did an amazingly good job of what the process is and that better than nothing
Ok, but how can i "feel" where is the exact position of my touch? There is something like a matrix o conductor that feel this change and tell me the position?
Very good explanation,
Thank you
Does quantum tunneling have anything to do with the wave function passing through a higher dimension to have a probability of being in a different place? Still trying to grasp the concept
I'm just wondering, in the video he talks about how the electrons and protons and what not don't have a fixed location and can be found across a region of space, and the probability of it appearing at said location lowers with the distance. What I'm wondering is if there's any point at which the electron appearing there will be zero. Like is there a chance, however small it may be, that these particles can literally appear in any location in the entire universe?
I get resistive and capacitive touch screens, no probs. I've got some bits of quantum tunneling material. It's a sort of black foam rubber, and I think there's some controversy whether it's really using QT. Is QT being used for any touch screens now? Why? The latest news to me is a longer range capacitive screen which gets 3d hand gestures. Available now, for diy electronics fans.
Brady, or some profs, please tell me - does this require very specific type of film to press upon, or when I squeeze ANY object - I make difference in the tunneling ratio?
Does it linked to increasing temperature or temperature raise under pressure is side effect of tunneling?
Please, people - rate this question up (or answer it :)). Forget about soccer and football
Ha! I remember Dr. Moriarty's tale about his kid commenting something about the pronunciation of" three" sounding like "tree" (In the Guinness video) and he does kind of the same with "thru" (sounding like "true") @2:03 .
This is an invitation to see an objective understanding to quantum mechanics!
An artist theory based on just two postulates:
1. Is that the quantum wave particle function Ψ or probability function represents the forward passage of time itself quanta by quanta!
2. Is that Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle ∆×∆p×≥h/4π that is formed by the w-function is the same uncertainty we have with any future event within our own ref-frame that we can interact with turning the possible into the actual!
Very great video indeed! Though I have a question about tunnelling in general, why electrons in valence band of a semiconductor do not tunnel to the conduction band?
Does this mean that if i have a block of enriched uranium sitting on the table, it is very possible that at one point, a fission reaction could occur
Is the resolution capability fine enough for this technology to enable touch-screens to read fingerprints? If it's sensitive to deflections on the order of thousandths of millimeters, I would think it could distinguish between the ridges and valleys that make up a fingerprint. Unless the material that sandwiches the QTC layer is too stiff to transmit that fine deflection. ...am I making any sense? ;)
So, theoretically there is a verry small chance that somebody could walk through a wall, right?
Ανδρέας Τσούχλος Though the chance would be astronomically low for both, there would be a higher chance of only part of your body going through a wall than your entire body. And by part I mean like maybe one particle xD so basically the chance is zero... but not quite zero... but close enough we can say it's zero xP so in other words, shouldn't expect you (or any significant part of you) to be going through any walls xP because you'd need the random event of every single one of the particles in your body to simultaneously go through the wall... so... yeah xD
Ανδρέας Τσούχλος Have in mind that quantum mechanics laws collapse when you came to think application in real world and classic physics start working .
Ανδρέας Τσούχλος I suppose so, but the chance is probably so low it would never happen in a billion lifetimes of the universe. I made that number up but I have to imagine it's in the right ballpark at least.
Ανδρέας Τσούχλος No, because quantum tunneling happens at the nanometer scale. Even if you could touch a barrier some nanometers thick, only particles in the molecules of your outer skin cells would tunnel.
+Ανδρέας Τσούχλος On such a large scale, the probability beecomes next to zero
does this mean although the electron is not supposed to move from one particle to another, it still will move around because of the probability?
ps: very stupid question, does it really move around or does it "magically" appears in a position?
@TheJaws0413 Because he's a very thoughtful person who doesn't want to (overly) disturb the person in the next office maybe
Now what is preventing some molecules from ending up in the same place like here on Earth? Wouldn't that cause a Fusion reaction destroying everything?
Interesting stuff.
Couldn't help but notice the several copies of RICHARD DAWKINS books in the background haha, all thanks to HD.
Is this the same as touch screens that use the change in capacitance?
This is 2014, this video was made in 2010. Where are the new touch screens? Or did I not realise the change... (phones and tablets now can sence many fingers at the same time so maybe I just haddn't knoticed)
Well it's 2015 now and Apple released its new Apple Watch which has a Force Touch feature...I guess it works on this principle
well they are here in 2017 man
MattiOG woo hoo
does the apple watch really work using this tech?
Salman Ahmed Khan idk most likely
is there a way to really make it a barrier which absolutely nothing can pass trough ?
Is this the 3D touch in the newer Iphones? Does it use this?
Flash memory isn't Random access memory, it's more EEPROM which is Electronically erasable read only memory :)
unfortunately pretty wrong. The "wave" is the actual movement on the water in your analogy. Two waves can go through each other, and while both waves are made of water, the waves themselves are not water.
For this, picture when we say "particle" you're actually saying "the middle of a cloud." Except somehow particles are in the middle of clouds that don't want to be in the same space. Note that any analogy will fall apart when extended too far, especially for QM.
But the Heisenberg uncertainty principle itself tells us that we cannot make an infinitely precise measurement. Could it not be that the experiment we're setting up to be the 'same' is actually some immeasurable orders of magnitude off of being the 'same' with respect to the probabilities?
if this was applied to the atomic structure of an entire object say an apple, and if every atom in that apple has the possibility of being on the other side of a barrier would it not be possible to create a short range teleportation system? if that were possible the range could be extended as the atoms in the apple would have no definitive place on the other side of that barrier and could be moved repeatedly through the possibility of it being further away from the start point than before.
what is this barrier (football through the door) he's talking about if everything's mostly empty space?
flash memory is EEPROM not RAM, right? Please correct me if im wrong
But how do some touch screens (like my iPod) only work with my finger, but not when I try to use it with another object, like an eraser or something? Is it an electrical quality of skin?
.. some touch screens only work if you use your fingers because they are heated, but others don't need heat.... how and why is there this difference?