When you'll make more videos about Brazilian ships/Navy? I saw the ones about the South American Dreadnought Race and Monitor Parnaíba They're really good, i liked them
Akitsu Maru but American. Would a combination Escort Carrier/Amphibious Landing Ship have benefited the US during World War 2? Would it have been compatible with the US strategy and tactics during the war, or would it have been a case of jack of all trades and master of none?
More of an out there question. "With a rather amusing trend of people liking to personify inanimate objects like guns, planes, and ships (ex. Azur lane, KanColle, etc.), and the belief that ships had their own personalities. What if this was actually true and (through whatever magic you like) a ship was a person you could talk to like another person. How would it change how Navies treat their ships, and what would be some amusing interactions that may come of this?" Ex. The battlecruisers possibly complaining at Beatty about having their ammo handling safety equipment being removed.
@@stephenrickstrew7237 A battleship in a position where she needs air support should not be there at all, for the simple reason the air "support" can do her job at much less risk, rendering her redundant. A battleship without air support in WWII is a target for enemy air attacks, but a battleship with air support in WWII is rendered pointless by said friendly air support. There's no way to win.
@@bkjeong4302 The US didn't have the capability for the full spectrum of night flying though. In confined waters Battleships were still kind of needed to oppose surface task groups at night. Though I suppose that isn't really a point against you.
Regarding catching fish in the navy. There were a few WW2 DD and DE captains that when they wanted fish for dinner, ordered the crew to 'test fire' a depth charge or two.
it was put in the ships log as "Training" or "Disposal of Damaged or Dangerous Munitions" ;) also in the Army we used to go fishing with thunder flashes, a bloody big banger/ fire cracker
In relation to water tube boilers, there is never steam in the tubes. If there is, then you are in for a catastrophic boiler failure in short order. The water level is maintained at half way up the steam (top) drum. The water is under pressure and so does not boil off unless the pressure drops below the current flash point of the water (as in opening an engine throttle reduces boiler pressure and so more water boils off into steam).
Additionally, Main Feed Pump (MFP) discharge pressure is indeed rated 150-200 psi above boiler steaming pressure. For a US Navy 600 psi plant, MFP discharge pressure is normally 750-850 psig.
Even I myself am amazed at how the drydock took off. I don't feel like I meet people interested in history anymore but drachs channel proved me very wrong
Drach, I found your channel and have binged on your videos. I love the naval history. Thanks for your hard work. This Yank in the Rocky Mountains looks forward to more.
About washing one's clothing in the age of sail: In the Musée national de la Marine in Paris, France; which I recommend any naval history enthusiast to visit, there is a fairly large model of a French ship of the line with the crew's drying laundry hanging on lines strung on every mast and yard arm of the ship. It's somewhat comical in appearance. The model maker really wanted to demonstrate that the French Navy; or at least one of it's ships captains, was very serious about making certain the crews got their washing done.
regarding the scanning question, if you are in the US most Staples are equipped with a 36" wide scanner/printer (I work for Staples in the print department, in my store this is a HP DesignJet T3500) capable of 600dpi. They will charge $1.98 a page (price accurate as of the date of this video).
@@TraditionalAnglican this is for scanning, not printing. Printing is more along the lines of $0.63/sqft for B&W on 20lb blueprint paper at the low end, $6/sqft for high grade matte poster paper at the upper end.
I’ll add this for the person with the question about the steam in the boiler tubes. At the top of that photo you had was where the steam went before leaving the boiler, it’s called the superheater. The steam in these plants had to be superheated so there was absolutely no moisture in it when it hit the turbines. Moisture would destroy the turbines. So the steam was superheated and then there was absolutely no trace of moisture in it. On a 1200psi plant the normal superheater outlet temp of the steam was 975 degrees, thats warm. Then the steam left the boiler and went via the piping to the various points where it was admitted to the turbine, say for example the main engine, the generator, the feed pump etc. and someone else brought up a question about how was the feed water pumped into the boiler. Well, that was called the feed pump. I wish I could show you a picture of the impeller for a 1200 lb plant, you wouldn’t have any idea what that thing was but there is no way you would look at this thing and know that it pumped water into the boiler. It was one strange looking critter. Large and brass, best description I can give. It’s discharge pressure was about 1500 psi and if I remember correctly it pumped about 750gpm. I’m sorry, I don’t remember what the booster pump’ S discharge pressure was, that would have been the suction for the feed pump, maybe about 150psi. Not sure anymore, too long ago. Hope this helps some.
MFP discharge pressure is normally 150-200 psig above boiler steaming pressure, so for a 1200 psi plant, it was 1350-1400 psig (though 1475 sticks in my memory for some reason). Main Feed Booster Pump (MFBP) discharge pressure was normally 35-50 psig to provide a positive suction head for the MFP.
The item at the top of the photo is not a superheater. It is the steam drum. It provides a space for separating the steam and water that comes out of the boiler tubes. A superheater is a separate set of tubes in which the steam is heated to temperatures higher than the saturation temperature of the steam.
RE: scanning important documents, your local college/university with a Photography or Digital Imaging program will almost certainly have a photo quality large format scanner, and if not the faculty could point you to one. Also if your area has one of the few remaining photography shops, like here we have Tempe Camera up by ASU, they have large format photo scanners and the knowledge of how to use them for a reasonable fee.
Just picked up a facsimile copy of: Publication No. 5 History of Bureau of Engineering Navy Department. 1920 Published under direction of the Hon. Edwin Denby Secretary of The Navy Lot of great info about radio technology, ships engines etc from WW1.
I have started a crowdfunding campaign to buy Drach a warship. I gave him 100 dollars on a super chat and if everyone else gives what they can afford, he can buy a warship and name it the HMS Drachinifel and we can take turns being his crew. If all 252k subscribers give 10 dollars, he could buy a decent small warship, if everyone gives 50 bucks, he could probably get a battleship like the USS Texas or possibly an Iowa class, and if everyone gives 100 bucks, he could get an Iowa and possibly a destroyer too and we could start the Royal Drachinifel navy. Drach deserves his own warship for all the content and knowledge he has given us, lots of UA-camrs who do not put 1/4 of the time and effort Drach does into his videos make millions of dollars while Drach does not get the recognition or income he deserves and we don't want him to have to get a real job which would mean less content for us. So, please super chat when you can and support him on patreon and hopefully within a year or two the HMS Drachinifel will be plying the seas with Captain Drachinifel at the helm and some of us loyal subscribers manning the guns and shoveling coal into the boilers.
in regards to the scanning question. i have had Old geologic maps scanned by a local shop that does copying of Blueprints and construction drawings./ Many of these shops seem to have large ( up to about 1.5 meters (5 feet)) scanners that can be used to scan photos as well. I have used one of these scanners to digitize several thousand aerial photos of the state of Montana for use by the Department of Natural Resources here. The scanners are manufactured by Hewlett Packard and the quality is excellent. You might check with architectural or civil engineering firms as well for such a device as they frequently need to reproduce large images.
for that KGV Class improvement continued from what Drach said: remove old hanger and connect forward and rear superstructures, decrease the amounts of boats on board (and move rest of them to the rear of the ship) and increase amount of Bofors 40mm in place of where boats were at, add radar, increase the amount of 5.25" twin mounts to 10 (five each side) as well using the improve mountings for them and finally improve the emergency diesel generator and power layout of the entire class.
@@adamtruong1759 Royal Navy ships did have Diesel Gens to operate a number of system, including damage control water pumps and fire suppression. The issue the was not Enough onboard, great example was Prince of Wales which lost power, and all of its AA guns were shut off, leaving it helpless.
Drac, I was unaware of Crystal Oscillators being used in World War 1. According to Wikipedia, the crystal oscillator was only invented in 1917 - which is after the Emden would have done its thing. It was quite different radio tech in that era than we generally think of. Crystals were quite important for WW2, but WW1 would have been more the tuned LC tank circuits, which were not exactly super stable. In 1912 there were Engineers on both sides who discovered/invented oscillators using vacuum tubes, but even those were not around when Emden was built. I would not want to take any bet that they had this new fangled efficient radio transmitter tech in the Pacific yet, so they were probably using spark transmitters, just like those used on the Titanic just a few years earlier. And spark gap transmitters are wide-band, and so it is quite easy to make them “dirty” to jam other transmitters. In fact, it is next to impossible to make them clean enough so that they can be used while letting anyone within miles of also being able to use their transmitters effectively.
This is aeroplanes rather than ships, but, during World War 2 RAF bombers could jam German night fighter radio control frequencies by broadcasting on the same frequency the noise of their engines. There was a microphone in the engine nacelle that could be connected to the bombers radio transmitter. I have never heard of any specific case of this, but I'm sure that the same technique could be used by a warship.
@@lamwen03 Which of course they also did with H2S search radar and the tail warning radar fitted to some RAF bombers. Such is the ebb and flow of the electronic war then as now.
My Dad told me that as an officer he had to catch fish, since he was charged for the food he ate aboard ship, the job of the junior most officer aboard his vessel was to cast a line over the side and catch fish that the cooks would turn to food for the officers. That way they could supplement their paid meals with free food. Although the fishing he did was more crabbing. He also mentioned that most fishing/crabbing took place in port because his ship was moving too fast underway for them to really catch anything
Re: Pearl Harbor. I imagine that if the Japanese had also dropped large HE bombs (perhaps even taking 14" & 16" HE shells like they modified the 14" & 16" AP shells) and dropped them on the Oil Tank and AV gas Tanks followed up by incendiary bombs that would have a devastating effect on the US Navy's ability to use Pearl Harbor as a staging area for a very long time, since there was already a shortage of tankers....
The thing to remember about Japan's strategy with the Pearl Harbor raid was that it was specifically designed to knock out the U.S. Fleet for 6 months, by which time they knew they had to have built a defensive ring that the U.S. would not be able to break without a higher cost that it would pay. So they didn't go for the fuel tanks, or dry docks, just the warships. If they'd gotten the carriers, it might have worked.
Zimm covered that issue in his "Attack on Pearl Harbor", chapter 10 "Assessing the Folklore". The IJN 14" shells weighed about 1,500 lbs, and the 16" shells weighed about 2,200 lbs. The Kate, which doubled as both a torpedo bomber and a level bomber, could carry about 1,800 lbs, which was one 18" torpedo, one "special" AP bomb which was machined down from a 16" AP shell, or two or three (?) of the 250kg/550lb GP bombs. But the Kate could not dive bomb, which was much more accurate that level bombing (hitting the Arizona's magazine was a fluke). The Val could only take one 250kg/550lb GP bomb, so it could not even take the 14" shell/bomb. This would have to be in a "third wave", which would take place about three hours later, when US opposition would be MUCH greater and counter-attack more risky. The tanks were surrounded by fire berms and had fire-suppression systems as well. And the big problem for USN was specialized at-sea oilers, not general tankers - there was a good sized fleet working out of the southern California area. Resupplying Pearl would have taken a couple of months, and the underground fuel storage caverns were nearly ready to begin operations as well.
@@gregorywright4918 I was thinking about the Kates carrying the bomb/modified HE shell and going after the Oil/Fuel Tank Farms. The main idea would be start as many leaks in these very large targets as possible and then start them on fire.... Pinpoint accuracy would not be necessary, and the loss of the ship and aircraft fuel reserves would severely limit the US ability to do anything for probably more than a year, perhaps more than 2 years! This would have given the Japanese much more time to prepare, bring a few more ships online, etc. and basically cause the US to fight in the Pacific probably well pass 1948!!! (Yes, they would have both Little Boy and Fat Man (probably 2 or more Fat Man) bombs by then, but would lack the ability to get close enough to be within range until the B-36 came out (1949) or suffer heavy loses to get to within range of a B-29.....
@@timengineman2nd714 Well the Kates cannot dive bomb, and their level bombing hit percentage was below 20%, and that is on six hundred feet targets. The tanks are much smaller, although they are laid out in a concentrated pattern. Still, there is enough protection between them that you would have to get a direct hit and the likelyhood of fire spreading is low. I recommend you read Zimm's book and see if his arguments reinforce or deflate your ideas. I don't think a third wave attack on the oil tanks was likely, advisable or doable, but YMMV.
@@lamwen03 Well, you could argue that they DID knock the US battle fleet line out for 6+ months - but that was not enough to win them the Battle of Midway. If you think of Guadalcanal as just a "holding the line" operation, the real US counterattack did not get going until Tarawa, which was almost two years later. What they built in the meantime was not able to hold the US juggernaut when it got going, so it was kind of moot.
I think in terms of seaplanes the placement of aircraft had much to do with placing them near the same cranes which were being used for the larger ships boats.
Hey Drach, in your trip planning potentially for the US if you can, stop in Massachusetts for a weekend since you mentioned the fall. It’s beautiful here at that time and you could visit battleship cove and see Big Mammie plus a few others docked there, on the way up to Boston the USS Salem my personal favorite is in Quincy. There’s nothing like checking out how the rapid fire 8 inch guns work, just a work of art. Of course once you make it to Boston, Constitution is there and also Cassin Young which shot down a number of planes and was hit by kamikazes multiple times. It was preserved because it represents the true spirit of the Fletcher class. A lot of history here, you could also visit some of the coastal towns on the way up that have a ton of history, for example home for me is where the clipper ships were constructed. You’ll notice if you haven’t been here everything is named after British towns, in Boston there’s Redcoats marching around which is fun. Lots of good stuff here. Plus it’s clean and we lead the nation in vaccinations so there’s that.
Needed to fix the flailing propeller shaft which ultimately sank the PoW for the KGVs. Having PoW for the entirety of the war would have been very beneficial. Love the idea of the triple 15 45 turrets.
On ruses de guerre, the trial of Otto Skorzeny after WWII ruled that wearing enemy uniforms was a legitimate ruse so long as you did not engage in combat in the enemy uniform. Much like the rules for ships you noted.
Exactly. So long as you throw off the uniform and have your own underneath before you engage hostilities (no matter how soon before) you're ok, exactly the same as bringing down the enemy flag and bringing up your own. The Brandenburgers did it a few times, apparently using Soviet headgear and greatcoats to cover otherwise German uniforms allows you to take them off really quickly while still being good deception.
ABout fishing at sea by Navies..... This could only ever be used as a crew generated supplement to rations, at least for an ocean going navy. Fishing in shore or around Islands or Sea Mounts can be fairly reliable, however, when it comes to the vastness of the ocean it actually becomes a very unreliable way of feeding your crew... despite what certain survival games may tell you! The reason for this is very simple, with the exception of a few hotspots, the true Oceans, so beyond the Continental shelf and you are sailing over the Abyssal (as it was back in my day), the Oceans are essentially Biological Deserts. The hotspots are almost like Oasis, be they an island chain or a submerged seamount that forces upwell, each of which creates a local nutrient rich marine environment that encourages more or less permanent populations of fish. On the whole however, the vast majority of the vast oceans are very low in nutrients and permanent populations, the animals moving through them are almost always transitory, moving along migratory routes from one feeding or breeding ground to the next. Those fishing boats that actively go after Pelagic fish species, like Tuna Boats, are extremely specialised vessels, and these days they have extremely advanced fish sonar sets and other equipment on board through which they can detect and catch the fish they are after. Simply chuckling a line over the side is, in the deep ocean at least, going to be a very unreliable way of feeding your crew. If you get lucky, you pass over a shoal moving from one place to another and you catch a lot very quickly, if you are unlucky, you will not get a nibble for days...
at 0:45 talking about scanning a large-format document: Any engineering-blueprint handling print shop will have a wide-format feed-scanner (typically 42" wide, high resolution, unlimited length). In the US, FedEx/Kinkos should have this. Google "nearby Blueprint Supplies" or "nearby Blueprint services" etc. I've scanned 30x42 sheets to jpg files all the time, for a reasonable price. Note: you can go the "other way": Take them a high-res jpp/gif etc. graphic file (say from a 1,200 dpi A4/8.5"x11" original), and they'll print it out huge.
00:25:49 I would also note that the Germans were really not worried about the BEF as a land force, so risking the fleet to stop it was mostly pointless in their perspective. Another 100,000 lightly-armed infantry was really not a major game changer when the Imperial German Army was already prepared to take apart the French Army which was far larger, had more heavy weapons, and would be operating in a unified command structure. The BEF's qualitative advantages were basically negated in a great continental war against massive armies of efficient conscripts, and sure enough, the BEF was all but slaughtered within weeks even if it gave a bit better than it got in the process. Didn't get away from the fact that a BEF man took a generation to train, while the one or so German conscripts he took with him took just a few months to bring up to standard.
_yOu SaId tHaT wRoNg-frenchman.jpg_ Mein Gott, what is it with the fucking French language that brings out an _"ACCCKSHULL-E"_ faster than anything in the Naval Warfare community
Fishing in the Navy. Most of the ocean is actually fishless. Good luck with that. Fishing line was hemp line or the very expensive catgut - a line made out of CATS. The first limits catch because its thick and visible - the second one was expensive and needed to be washed with fresh water after use and would not last long in a hot environment. Leaders were piano-wire and rust quickly. Hooks were mild steel and homemade. You can dangle all month without catching unless you understand the size, type of fish, and local bait they go for. Fishing while berthing - water was extremely dirty in harbors till the seventies - and so was the fish. Ciguatera affects many shore- and reef-fish in the tropics making you very sick, Trolling speed is ca 6-9kts for tuna, marlin, wahoo, ono. Many large boats cruise at higher speed - this will wear out your line and fish wont bite. You need to place the lure exactly in the wake of the boat and do it in a spread of 2-7 lures. You imitate a fishschool. All this is way beyond a Farmboy from Youdahoe, a loomers son from Wensleydale upon Stokentrent or Franz von Schwanzsteiff.
Lore vs Myth: As former active duty Marine, our entire branch is based in the myth of our supernatural warfighting abilities, so I wanted to weigh in on the differences between the two. Lore: Lore is the story behind a set of events, this can be completely true or the truth may be bent here to make the story better. Examples would be Dan Daily saying "come on you sons of bitches, do you want to live forever" while charging out of the trenches. The truth is he probably did say that or something really similar, and he did at one point lead a charge out of the trenches. The lore is he stood on the parapet looked back at all the huddled marines in the trenches behind him, said his line and charged out into a hail of gun fire, further envigorating his fellow fighters into a blood thirsty craze. Lore is a story being cleaned up. A naval example would be Admiral Nelson holding the spy glass to his fake eye and making a quip "I don't see the signal to retreat (I didn't feel like looking for the exact quote). Myth/Legend is when the facts start to mold into something fancifully incorrect. Things like German wwii pilots being vastly superior to allied pilots, truth is they never got the chance to be replaced so they have incredibly inflated kill numbers. The Red Baron is a great example of a modern myth. A highly experienced and intelligent pilot in a superior bit of kit getting to farm kills from poorly trained new pilots who didnt understand the difference between their respective aircraft and suddenly you have a terror of the skies who is unbeatable and later goes on to be a beagle on a dog house and make pizza. Other myths include the Spartan 300 holding the pass all by themselves against a million murderous foreigners. I dont think it takes much to turn fact into myth or legend, even in modern times. There are plenty of examples of bordering on mythological figures and stories even in the last 80 years or so of all of our documenting. There will always be a bit thats impossible to capture in a data format, the harrowing moments between gun shots will never be captured by documentarians. Its in those moments where lore and myth grow.
Yeah, yeah that's what I reckon but also "why" the Lore and Mythification happens at all: Building of mythology is fundamental in any institute of applied violence; from every military to American Football team, gradually, objective fact become subjective speculative perfection. The perfect model of what the institutions want their national thinking-feeling extensions of might to feel and think.. When there's such concentrated chaos and people put around to witness extremes flying in the face of Occam's Razor, so many other things _instantly and forever_ become justifiable and rationalized when the incredibly implausible begin to happen. But.. this is just a civilian's opinion, so it doesn't matter for much. Just how it seems liking history and it's effects I suppose..
The russian 1905 Obuhov 305/52 could load up to 15 degrees elevation iirc, at least in Finnish coastal battery configuration. Im not sure about shipborne configurations.
@@Drachinifel Drach, there are multiple representations, gifs, depictions, etc of the loading layout of the QE class, and the 15" guns could load at up to 15° elevation. The upper hoist rail has the curved section to enable the hoist cage to line up at any elevation (up to 15°!) and the rammer is on am extension of the gun cradle.
@William Mulvaney yeah it was too damaged to reuse in a reasonable time frame but if it had been less damaged that could have come into play. With the Colorado class machinery it was slightly faster than the other standards (like 22.5 knots instead of the standard 21) so it would have been able to keep up with a Fuso. With it ever so slightly faster than the other standards if they was going to send one standard with the newer fast battleships before they had enough oilers to send all the battleships I would think that Arizona if it hadn't been totaled would be the one.
Heat engines all work on a compression/combustion/expansion/exhaust cycle (squeeze, suck, bang, blow). In the case of the steam engine the compression of the working fluid occurs when the water is pumped into the boiler (water in the boiler is at the same pressure as the steam in the boiler, 600psi on an Iowa). As water is (almost) incompressible very little energy is needed to pressurise it and the water pump is relatively small and easy to overlook.
Right. So even though you use the same pressure to pump fuel in, as the pressure of the steam that comes out, adding water in requires much less power. The power is the force times speed. The force is the pressure/area. Since water is much more dense than steam, the area of the feedwater tube can be smaller and/or have slower fluid velocity compared to the steam outflow pipe. This means the power lost pumping water (water speed*pressure/water pipe area) is much smaller than the power produced by the steam (steam speed*pressure/steam pipe area).
@@andersmusikka Pumping water into the boiler is equivalent to the compression stroke on a petrol engine. Now remember that work done = force x distance. Compressing air means reducing its volume - ie the piston travels through a distance. If you compressed a cylinder of water the piston would hardly move. Less distance = less work done. So compressing water requires less energy than compressing air.
A few years ago at a Cross & Cockade AGM at the RAF Museum at Hendon we were given a talk on WW1 air to ground wireless communication and shown some of the spark type transmitters. These were in full working order, but could not be demonstrated to us sadly because they would disrupt all radio communications over a considerable local area and bring down the wrath of the relevant authorities! Good old "white noise" 😁
Concerning the time necessary to prepare for a sortie intercepting the BEF: IIRC the germany army had of course not bothered to inform the navy of the Schlieffen-plan prior to its activation, so the admirals were surprised to learn that they were entering a war with the Royal Navy with only a few days warning. The quote about having the british army arrested by the police is most often attributed to Bismarck during the danish-german war of 1864: "If Lord Palmerston sends the British army to Germany, I shall have the police arrest them." It referred to Britain having a comparatively small army avaiable outside its colonies and therefor needing a continental ally if it wanted to fight a war with a major european power. In 1914 the BEF consisted of only 7 divisions, while the french had 77 french divisions and the german army deployed 82 divisions in the west. So its not that difficult to see why the germany army command thought it did not have to worry too much over the BEF.
@ @ Well that was cool ! One of my fav planes just from an esthetic pov the Vought Kingfisher. As a kid I built TONS ( like a 100 ?) planes as models most in 1/72 and most were fighter planes but I had this Monogram kit of a 1/48 scale Kingfisher that was always the one that fascinated me the most. I just liked its look.
The Grumman "Duck" (both the JF & J2F versions) are also a nice airplane. (In fact when you see "Liaison" aircraft mention as part of an (US) Aircraft Carrier's Air Group, odds are very high that it was a "Duck")
In terms of jamming radios in WWI, refer to the story of the SS Californian sending its ice warning to the RMS Titanic. That is basically what happend when Californian interrupted Titanic's transmission to Cape Race.
Re disguise; Popski ( Major Vladimir Peniakoff) of the same private army was Belgian and was fighting against the Italians in the Western Desert - it became an issue when the Army legal bods noticed that Belgium had surrendered before Italy entered the war.
27:37 - 27:45 The only Pre-Dreadnought In Portland then/now is Royal Sovereign-Class HMS Hood (1891) Who's Turrets were/are integrated to Portland Harbour's Shore Defences, hull used for anti-torpedo bulge testing, then scuttled to block U-Boats in the Southern Ship Channel circa 1913-14. EDIT: I thought he was speaking of Dunkirk Evacuations for some reason, Nevermind! :)
57:45, NR personal taking up hobbies like gardening doesn't suprise me at all as it is known for being threptic and a good way of slowing things, especially after being potential in combat. Question: what did PTSD look like in the Napoleonic era Royal Navy?
40:00 - Dry Docks at Pearl - The strike Nagumo didn’t launch was supposed to target dry docks & other repair facilities along with the oil farm. The main strike had included a package that was supposed to target repair facilities, but the pilots were entranced by the Battleships they regarded as “more worthy targets”.
Cruisers and tenders were higher on the hit list than repair and supply facilities, and even those did not get much attention once the Nevada started down the channel. Any attack on support infrastructure would have had to swim uphill against the IJN "samurai" attitude of warships first, second and third. I have not read anything about a main strike plan including infrastructure, though they were worried about what to do if the battleships had torpedo nets out. The tank farm would have taken two or three dive bombers each, and they all had higher-priority targets for the first two waves. Any "third" wave would have taken at least two to three hours to return, at which point the defense would have been much better prepared and the chance of counter-strike higher.
@@gregorywright4918 - Much our modern planes had been destroyed on the ground, so we didn’t have nearly enough to send out on a counterattack, &, even at 200-250 miles, the Japanese were out of range at that stage in the war. You’re right about the “samurai attitude” causing pilots to decide that they really need to attack warships who had been ordered to attack repair facilities. Although the AA was finally up & running (The Enterprise’s pilots talked about “jumpy AA crews” shooting at them when they flew in), the fighters that might have been able to make a difference had been destroyed on the ground. Mitsuo Fuchida & Admiral Nagumo argued about making a 3rd attack. Fuchida had observed our response to the 1st 2 waves & urged that the Japanese do as much damage as possible. Nagumo decided on caution because he didn’t have confidence in the fleet’s aerial reconnaissance.
@@TraditionalAnglican I take Fuchida's statements with a large barrel of salt these days - much of his assertions have been challenged or disproved (he said he was on the Missouri at the surrender) and his hand in the after-action reports seems to have skewed some of the BDA analysis. What matters most about the likelihood of a third wave is what Nagumo knew or thought, not what the actual situation was. He did not know how bad the losses in US aircraft were, he did not know how good the IJN recon was, he did not know where our carriers were (or apparently even how many - I often read that they thought the Yorktown was still around, when she was in the Atlantic). He probably presumed that our land-based naval strike capability was at least as good as theirs, which was pretty good (think Prince of Wales and Repulse) although that had not been proved yet. He did not like the operation going into it, thinking it too risky even though he was given command. The returning fliers reported significant damage to well more battleships than Yamamoto had wished for, so Nagumo was all for heading home. I've seen some wargames of him sticking around that vary between a hard-fought victory for IJN to a loss of between 2 and 4 carriers. The fuel situation was also a concern - if those tankers north of Midway had been found and sunk, or if Nagumo stuck around long enough that they had to move south to refuel him, he might not have been able to get back at all.
It was an agreement that everyone was a little dissatisfied with, but which prevented an all-out building war, which none of the major powers really wanted to do. They were ll pretty broke, by then.
11:25 imagine being American and joining the war to find out the British and Germans were broadcasting My Country Tis of Thee to demoralize each other.
Imagine the American, British, and German navies all broadcasting it at full power. It could only end in a salute from all cannons. Out of, or critically low on ammonium the three combatants choose to retire from the least bloody and most patriotic battle in history.
Jesus the quality. How are you not sponsored by some major teaching entity? Your channel is one of the most comprehensive naval history resources out there. Top stuff (Oh yeah I don't know if it was mentioned yet but you have a typo in the description)
He hasn't worked Critical [Fill in the Blank] Theory into his presentations. Although Being Hit by Naval Artillery Through a PanSexual Lens might be an entertaining April Fools offering.
@@krautreport202 Nope, Jerry Falwell and Tipper Gore already tried the same censorious nonsense forty years ago, the new breed are still ridiculous despite leaning the other way.
It’s early WW2, and a new super weapon, developed by one side but the coopted by the other, has destroyed all of the landing gear and rendered building more nearly pointless. The various powers now need to conduct the air war with things like their flying boats and sea planes. Which powers have the best machines for the purpose, and how do they compare? (Seriously, the flying boats and such of the time were such weird and wonderful weapons!)
In the "Age of Sail and leaving the RN" segment you neglected to mention the obvious "express exit method" which would usually involve a very large French gun. :-)
The geographic pecularity of the german North Sea coast (mostly mudflats) would make any major attack difficult. Also I don't think you could do that much damage by bombarding the costal cities in the first place.
Instead of moving the BEF to France in WWI, what would happen if the BEF was deployed to assault on the North German plains in 1914? This would force a fleet action between the KM and RN in 1914. Assuming the RN wins, how would this affect the war?
Then you have the BEF isolated in northern germany against whatever reserves the german army throws at them. Would probably also kill the Schlieffen plan, but I can't see that ending well for the BEF in the long run. Difficult to supply and once enough german troops are avaiable the british would probably be forced to evacuate under pressure.
Jackie Fisher craved an amphibious invasion of the Baltic coast of Prussia to threaten Berlin - this was the reason for building the "tin clads". However, in 1914, only the home based divisions would have been available, and any assault would probably be on the highly convuluied North area coast ( so as not to compromise Danish neutrality. German troops could be diverted and would have vastly outnumbered and expeditionary force. Besides amphibious invasions were not the easiest to organise, as the Cards panelled demonstrated.
Giday mate just started watching your Videos thank you , Yah know your stuff. My question is , I wonder if you could a bit more Australian Navy? Say maybe the "Scrap Iron Flotilla" HMAS Vampire, Vendetta , Waterhen, Voyager and Stuart?'. Thanks Mate.
It's not confirmed the Kaiser ever actually said it, and if he did it was likely in response to the size rather than the quality of the BEF. And it *was* small. The BEF that landed in France in 1914 consisted of 4 Infantry Divisions split into 1st and 2nd Corps (Haig and Smith-Dorrien), and a Cavalry Division (Allenby). 3rd Corps did not join them until a little before the First Battle of Ypres. Whilst they were magnificently trained, and many of the men were veterans, the BEF was too small for large scale Continental wars, and did not have the equipment to fight them, specifically when it comes to Medium and Heavy Artillery. Even worse, being so small with a relatively small reserve meant it was very, very vulnerable to casualties. By the end of the First Battle of Ypres the Battalions of the BEF were in a bad way. Many had been reduced from an active rifle strength of 800 men down to, in cases, no more than 70 - 80 effectives per Battalion. To put this into perspective, from the start of WWI to mid Novermber 1914, the BEF suffered 89,000 casualties, mostly in the Infantry Battalions. The entire Rifle Strength of the BEF in 1914 was 85,000 men. By the end of the First Battle of Ypres the superbly trained Regular pre war British Army had essentially ceased to exist....
Why did the Imperial German Navy make no serious attempt: I guess we can assume that the French would have send some naval vessels into this clash as well, which would have made the task even more dangerous that it would have already been. And if th Schliefen Plan would have worked, it wouldn't have mattered much if the BEF would have been in France or not. And it nearly did after all.
The French fleet was concentrated in the Mediterranean, as per agreements with the British for the RN to cover the French northern coast in case of war with Germany; this was one of the reasons why the French were so upset with the British for prevaricating until the invasion of Belgium forced Asquith's hand. Also, while the Germans were somewhat contemptuous of the limited size of the BEF, they would certainly have preferred to not have it in the way of their advance if it could have been managed. The real problem was that the German Navy had no joint plans for war with the Army, and the Kaiser and von Tirpitz were not going to risk their showpieces in a situation where, even if the High Seas Fleet destroyed the Dover patrol of pre-dreadnoughts and blocked the Channel, the Grand Fleet would have come down in a few days and wiped out the Germans. From a point of grand strategy, if you are throwing everything you have into a quick victory in the West within 2 months, it still might have been a good idea, but politically it was not possible.
The whole "controversy" about the flag flying on the Kormoran is that there is no controversy. All witnesses state that the Kormoran had hoisted the German Flag. The only people who argue are conspiracy theory nuts, they were not there. The ability of a ship to hoist a wrapped flag and break it out takes 2 seconds, an irrelevant time period.
The obvious rejoinder is that all those witnesses are from Kormoran because Sydney was lost with all hands, so it doesnt mean as much as it would if there were witnesses from both sides. Agreed that accusations of perfidy in this case are mostly about "how could this merchant raider sink a warship?" while ignoring the way Sydney's approach was insufficiently cautious and contributed to her sinking.
Talking about women on board ship in the laundry day segment reminded me of a James Mason line in the movie Yellow Beard, " This is Mr Prostitute who's in charge of discipline".
00:49:06 - At what point does naval history become naval lore? How does lore differ from myth? I would define Lore as the sum of information we get not from documents but from personal stories and songs told by the sailors... in this definition, History would as a field include part of the Lore, but Lore would be based more on opinions rather than facts... say the specs of a Sea Hurricane Hawker would be part of documented history, what the pilots thought about how it handled would be Lore.. Myth is something that is generated about the Navy, but by people outside the Navy, or atleast, outside events.... not to be confused with Legend or Mythology, which is something used to educate others (usually younge people) about the concepts through an engaging artform, a made up story used to pass on the esoteric essense of the events.
If you add the targets that should have been on the Perarl Harbor target list, but were not, Japan hit more like 25% of the targets vs. about 30% of those actually designated. But if you lose to the underdog, ego requirtes that the winner played a "perfect" game. 0___0
Should have just launched the aircraft before the battle, go somewhere safe, come back later. Duh Geeze....dots and dits...dits and dashes.....dahs and dits
And if you are fighting Red Army and want to troll and/or exorcise them you can jam their radio transmitting Bible (it was done by Poles, during battle of Warsaw in 1920) I heard that Austro-Hungarians were using radio jamming quite often during 1st World War and they had a lot of people speaking their neighbours/enemies languages so I would't be surprised if they manadged to do some nasty trolling...
Pinned post for Q&A :)
When you'll make more videos about Brazilian ships/Navy?
I saw the ones about the South American Dreadnought Race and Monitor Parnaíba
They're really good, i liked them
Akitsu Maru but American. Would a combination Escort Carrier/Amphibious Landing Ship have benefited the US during World War 2? Would it have been compatible with the US strategy and tactics during the war, or would it have been a case of jack of all trades and master of none?
More of an out there question.
"With a rather amusing trend of people liking to personify inanimate objects like guns, planes, and ships (ex. Azur lane, KanColle, etc.), and the belief that ships had their own personalities. What if this was actually true and (through whatever magic you like) a ship was a person you could talk to like another person. How would it change how Navies treat their ships, and what would be some amusing interactions that may come of this?"
Ex. The battlecruisers possibly complaining at Beatty about having their ammo handling safety equipment being removed.
If the Deutschland class panzerships existed in WW1 how could they have been used in the battle of Jutland ?
Thank you so very much for answering my question and you got my last name correct congratulations. LOL keep up the great work.
That photo of the two Yamatos together is glorious. I've never seen that shot before!
Every thing a battleship should be ... except for modern radar , air support , thank goodness she was never sent to Guadalcanal
@@stephenrickstrew7237 that would be an evergreen moment.
@@stephenrickstrew7237 A battleship in a position where she needs air support should not be there at all, for the simple reason the air "support" can do her job at much less risk, rendering her redundant.
A battleship without air support in WWII is a target for enemy air attacks, but a battleship with air support in WWII is rendered pointless by said friendly air support. There's no way to win.
Time stamp?
@@bkjeong4302 The US didn't have the capability for the full spectrum of night flying though. In confined waters Battleships were still kind of needed to oppose surface task groups at night.
Though I suppose that isn't really a point against you.
Regarding catching fish in the navy. There were a few WW2 DD and DE captains that when they wanted fish for dinner, ordered the crew to 'test fire' a depth charge or two.
it was put in the ships log as "Training" or "Disposal of Damaged or Dangerous Munitions" ;) also in the Army we used to go fishing with thunder flashes, a bloody big banger/ fire cracker
In relation to water tube boilers, there is never steam in the tubes. If there is, then you are in for a catastrophic boiler failure in short order. The water level is maintained at half way up the steam (top) drum. The water is under pressure and so does not boil off unless the pressure drops below the current flash point of the water (as in opening an engine throttle reduces boiler pressure and so more water boils off into steam).
@@SSN515 spent most of my life working fully attended boilers.
If water wasn’t present in small diameter boiler tubes the tubes would be damaged in short order.
Additionally, Main Feed Pump (MFP) discharge pressure is indeed rated 150-200 psi above boiler steaming pressure. For a US Navy 600 psi plant, MFP discharge pressure is normally 750-850 psig.
@@rackstraw I always assumed that they would use injectors as you would see on a railway locomotive, did they use mechanical pumps instead?
Thanks @David Toyne and @@rackstraw. That really helps explain things.
"Hello everyone and welcome to drydock episode..." This is one of my favourite things to hear :D :D :D
If you listen to The Bilge Pumps, when Drach does the opening, you sometimes here him say it there, too... much to the chagrin of all!
Remember back when you were planning for this to be a two or three episode thing at one?
Even I myself am amazed at how the drydock took off. I don't feel like I meet people interested in history anymore but drachs channel proved me very wrong
Didn't he say something like "I doubt there will be enough questions to do many of these" on the 1st one?
A good dealer always builds their market then everyone only gets well then they stream.
M
Drach, I found your channel and have binged on your videos. I love the naval history. Thanks for your hard work. This Yank in the Rocky Mountains looks forward to more.
Drach has been coming in clutch with these drydocks three cheers for this absolute legend
Huzza!!!
About washing one's clothing in the age of sail: In the Musée national de la Marine in Paris, France; which I recommend any naval history enthusiast to visit, there is a fairly large model of a French ship of the line with the crew's drying laundry hanging on lines strung on every mast and yard arm of the ship. It's somewhat comical in appearance. The model maker really wanted to demonstrate that the French Navy; or at least one of it's ships captains, was very serious about making certain the crews got their washing done.
regarding the scanning question, if you are in the US most Staples are equipped with a 36" wide scanner/printer (I work for Staples in the print department, in my store this is a HP DesignJet T3500) capable of 600dpi. They will charge $1.98 a page (price accurate as of the date of this video).
He is in the UK.
Drach is insisting on using top shelf (photo quality) paper, & $1.98 is for light poster grade paper.
@@kyle857 I meant the person that originally asked the question, which is a fair assumption as they were asking a question about a US Navy drawing.
@@TraditionalAnglican this is for scanning, not printing. Printing is more along the lines of $0.63/sqft for B&W on 20lb blueprint paper at the low end, $6/sqft for high grade matte poster paper at the upper end.
I’ll add this for the person with the question about the steam in the boiler tubes. At the top of that photo you had was where the steam went before leaving the boiler, it’s called the superheater. The steam in these plants had to be superheated so there was absolutely no moisture in it when it hit the turbines. Moisture would destroy the turbines. So the steam was superheated and then there was absolutely no trace of moisture in it. On a 1200psi plant the normal superheater outlet temp of the steam was 975 degrees, thats warm. Then the steam left the boiler and went via the piping to the various points where it was admitted to the turbine, say for example the main engine, the generator, the feed pump etc. and someone else brought up a question about how was the feed water pumped into the boiler. Well, that was called the feed pump. I wish I could show you a picture of the impeller for a 1200 lb plant, you wouldn’t have any idea what that thing was but there is no way you would look at this thing and know that it pumped water into the boiler. It was one strange looking critter. Large and brass, best description I can give. It’s discharge pressure was about 1500 psi and if I remember correctly it pumped about 750gpm. I’m sorry, I don’t remember what the booster pump’
S discharge pressure was, that would have been the suction for the feed pump, maybe about 150psi. Not sure anymore, too long ago. Hope this helps some.
MFP discharge pressure is normally 150-200 psig above boiler steaming pressure, so for a 1200 psi plant, it was 1350-1400 psig (though 1475 sticks in my memory for some reason). Main Feed Booster Pump (MFBP) discharge pressure was normally 35-50 psig to provide a positive suction head for the MFP.
Thanks for exact numbers!
Neat, thanks dad!
The item at the top of the photo is not a superheater. It is the steam drum. It provides a space for separating the steam and water that comes out of the boiler tubes. A superheater is a separate set of tubes in which the steam is heated to temperatures higher than the saturation temperature of the steam.
RE: scanning important documents, your local college/university with a Photography or Digital Imaging program will almost certainly have a photo quality large format scanner, and if not the faculty could point you to one.
Also if your area has one of the few remaining photography shops, like here we have Tempe Camera up by ASU, they have large format photo scanners and the knowledge of how to use them for a reasonable fee.
One of the best channels on UA-cam
My father recommended the channel. It's great. I really enjoy it.
You can't believe how glad I am the Drydock helps me come through this weekend.
Hard times?
Yet another banger of a dry dock episode!
Drach don't miss.
Just picked up a facsimile copy of:
Publication No. 5
History of Bureau of Engineering Navy Department. 1920
Published under direction of the Hon. Edwin Denby Secretary of The Navy
Lot of great info about radio technology, ships engines etc from WW1.
There is a Kindle edition available.
Now I really want a scene of Americans jamming radio frequencies with Yankee Doodle blasting out at full power.
I have started a crowdfunding campaign to buy Drach a warship. I gave him 100 dollars on a super chat and if everyone else gives what they can afford, he can buy a warship and name it the HMS Drachinifel and we can take turns being his crew. If all 252k subscribers give 10 dollars, he could buy a decent small warship, if everyone gives 50 bucks, he could probably get a battleship like the USS Texas or possibly an Iowa class, and if everyone gives 100 bucks, he could get an Iowa and possibly a destroyer too and we could start the Royal Drachinifel navy. Drach deserves his own warship for all the content and knowledge he has given us, lots of UA-camrs who do not put 1/4 of the time and effort Drach does into his videos make millions of dollars while Drach does not get the recognition or income he deserves and we don't want him to have to get a real job which would mean less content for us. So, please super chat when you can and support him on patreon and hopefully within a year or two the HMS Drachinifel will be plying the seas with Captain Drachinifel at the helm and some of us loyal subscribers manning the guns and shoveling coal into the boilers.
I would check with the Naval Historical Center in the Washington Navy Yard to find out more about the art work.
in regards to the scanning question. i have had Old geologic maps scanned by a local shop that does copying of Blueprints and construction drawings./ Many of these shops seem to have large ( up to about 1.5 meters (5 feet)) scanners that can be used to scan photos as well. I have used one of these scanners to digitize several thousand aerial photos of the state of Montana for use by the Department of Natural Resources here. The scanners are manufactured by Hewlett Packard and the quality is excellent. You might check with architectural or civil engineering firms as well for such a device as they frequently need to reproduce large images.
"The great 3D printing machine that was the British shipyards" LOL Now imagine people in 100 years arguing there was such a thing based on memes.
how about the WoWs heal for the Conqueror? lol
for that KGV Class improvement continued from what Drach said:
remove old hanger and connect forward and rear superstructures, decrease the amounts of boats on board (and move rest of them to the rear of the ship) and increase amount of Bofors 40mm in place of where boats were at, add radar, increase the amount of 5.25" twin mounts to 10 (five each side) as well using the improve mountings for them and finally improve the emergency diesel generator and power layout of the entire class.
Pretend I didn't say that, anyways. That's seem good.
@@adamtruong1759 didn’t see anything
"Improve the emergency diesel generator power layout", I wonder what that would look like.
@@adamtruong1759 Royal Navy ships did have Diesel Gens to operate a number of system, including damage control water pumps and fire suppression.
The issue the was not Enough onboard, great example was Prince of Wales which lost power, and all of its AA guns were shut off, leaving it helpless.
Drac, I was unaware of Crystal Oscillators being used in World War 1. According to Wikipedia, the crystal oscillator was only invented in 1917 - which is after the Emden would have done its thing. It was quite different radio tech in that era than we generally think of. Crystals were quite important for WW2, but WW1 would have been more the tuned LC tank circuits, which were not exactly super stable.
In 1912 there were Engineers on both sides who discovered/invented oscillators using vacuum tubes, but even those were not around when Emden was built. I would not want to take any bet that they had this new fangled efficient radio transmitter tech in the Pacific yet, so they were probably using spark transmitters, just like those used on the Titanic just a few years earlier. And spark gap transmitters are wide-band, and so it is quite easy to make them “dirty” to jam other transmitters. In fact, it is next to impossible to make them clean enough so that they can be used while letting anyone within miles of also being able to use their transmitters effectively.
Thank you, Drachinifel.
This is aeroplanes rather than ships, but, during World War 2 RAF bombers could jam German night fighter radio control frequencies by broadcasting on the same frequency the noise of their engines. There was a microphone in the engine nacelle that could be connected to the bombers radio transmitter. I have never heard of any specific case of this, but I'm sure that the same technique could be used by a warship.
This worked until the Germans started using the jamming signal as a homing beacon.
@@lamwen03 Which of course they also did with H2S search radar and the tail warning radar fitted to some RAF bombers. Such is the ebb and flow of the electronic war then as now.
My Dad told me that as an officer he had to catch fish, since he was charged for the food he ate aboard ship, the job of the junior most officer aboard his vessel was to cast a line over the side and catch fish that the cooks would turn to food for the officers. That way they could supplement their paid meals with free food. Although the fishing he did was more crabbing. He also mentioned that most fishing/crabbing took place in port because his ship was moving too fast underway for them to really catch anything
Re: Pearl Harbor. I imagine that if the Japanese had also dropped large HE bombs (perhaps even taking 14" & 16" HE shells like they modified the 14" & 16" AP shells) and dropped them on the Oil Tank and AV gas Tanks followed up by incendiary bombs that would have a devastating effect on the US Navy's ability to use Pearl Harbor as a staging area for a very long time, since there was already a shortage of tankers....
The thing to remember about Japan's strategy with the Pearl Harbor raid was that it was specifically designed to knock out the U.S. Fleet for 6 months, by which time they knew they had to have built a defensive ring that the U.S. would not be able to break without a higher cost that it would pay. So they didn't go for the fuel tanks, or dry docks, just the warships. If they'd gotten the carriers, it might have worked.
Zimm covered that issue in his "Attack on Pearl Harbor", chapter 10 "Assessing the Folklore". The IJN 14" shells weighed about 1,500 lbs, and the 16" shells weighed about 2,200 lbs. The Kate, which doubled as both a torpedo bomber and a level bomber, could carry about 1,800 lbs, which was one 18" torpedo, one "special" AP bomb which was machined down from a 16" AP shell, or two or three (?) of the 250kg/550lb GP bombs. But the Kate could not dive bomb, which was much more accurate that level bombing (hitting the Arizona's magazine was a fluke). The Val could only take one 250kg/550lb GP bomb, so it could not even take the 14" shell/bomb. This would have to be in a "third wave", which would take place about three hours later, when US opposition would be MUCH greater and counter-attack more risky. The tanks were surrounded by fire berms and had fire-suppression systems as well. And the big problem for USN was specialized at-sea oilers, not general tankers - there was a good sized fleet working out of the southern California area. Resupplying Pearl would have taken a couple of months, and the underground fuel storage caverns were nearly ready to begin operations as well.
@@gregorywright4918 I was thinking about the Kates carrying the bomb/modified HE shell and going after the Oil/Fuel Tank Farms. The main idea would be start as many leaks in these very large targets as possible and then start them on fire.... Pinpoint accuracy would not be necessary, and the loss of the ship and aircraft fuel reserves would severely limit the US ability to do anything for probably more than a year, perhaps more than 2 years!
This would have given the Japanese much more time to prepare, bring a few more ships online, etc. and basically cause the US to fight in the Pacific probably well pass 1948!!! (Yes, they would have both Little Boy and Fat Man (probably 2 or more Fat Man) bombs by then, but would lack the ability to get close enough to be within range until the B-36 came out (1949) or suffer heavy loses to get to within range of a B-29.....
@@timengineman2nd714 Well the Kates cannot dive bomb, and their level bombing hit percentage was below 20%, and that is on six hundred feet targets. The tanks are much smaller, although they are laid out in a concentrated pattern. Still, there is enough protection between them that you would have to get a direct hit and the likelyhood of fire spreading is low. I recommend you read Zimm's book and see if his arguments reinforce or deflate your ideas. I don't think a third wave attack on the oil tanks was likely, advisable or doable, but YMMV.
@@lamwen03 Well, you could argue that they DID knock the US battle fleet line out for 6+ months - but that was not enough to win them the Battle of Midway. If you think of Guadalcanal as just a "holding the line" operation, the real US counterattack did not get going until Tarawa, which was almost two years later. What they built in the meantime was not able to hold the US juggernaut when it got going, so it was kind of moot.
I think in terms of seaplanes the placement of aircraft had much to do with placing them near the same cranes which were being used for the larger ships boats.
A-n paper sizes are metric so in fact it's not really the "UK paper size" rather "anywhere but America paper size"...
Don't forget Liberia is also non metric
Hey Drach, in your trip planning potentially for the US if you can, stop in Massachusetts for a weekend since you mentioned the fall. It’s beautiful here at that time and you could visit battleship cove and see Big Mammie plus a few others docked there, on the way up to Boston the USS Salem my personal favorite is in Quincy. There’s nothing like checking out how the rapid fire 8 inch guns work, just a work of art. Of course once you make it to Boston, Constitution is there and also Cassin Young which shot down a number of planes and was hit by kamikazes multiple times. It was preserved because it represents the true spirit of the Fletcher class. A lot of history here, you could also visit some of the coastal towns on the way up that have a ton of history, for example home for me is where the clipper ships were constructed. You’ll notice if you haven’t been here everything is named after British towns, in Boston there’s Redcoats marching around which is fun. Lots of good stuff here. Plus it’s clean and we lead the nation in vaccinations so there’s that.
Sunday morning in Massachusetts with Drach and coffee. Thanks .
Needed to fix the flailing propeller shaft which ultimately sank the PoW for the KGVs. Having PoW for the entirety of the war would have been very beneficial. Love the idea of the triple 15 45 turrets.
Given the history and the context of operations actually undertaken the single best change to be made to the Graf Zeppelin is not laying her keel....
On ruses de guerre, the trial of Otto Skorzeny after WWII ruled that wearing enemy uniforms was a legitimate ruse so long as you did not engage in combat in the enemy uniform. Much like the rules for ships you noted.
Exactly. So long as you throw off the uniform and have your own underneath before you engage hostilities (no matter how soon before) you're ok, exactly the same as bringing down the enemy flag and bringing up your own.
The Brandenburgers did it a few times, apparently using Soviet headgear and greatcoats to cover otherwise German uniforms allows you to take them off really quickly while still being good deception.
ABout fishing at sea by Navies..... This could only ever be used as a crew generated supplement to rations, at least for an ocean going navy. Fishing in shore or around Islands or Sea Mounts can be fairly reliable, however, when it comes to the vastness of the ocean it actually becomes a very unreliable way of feeding your crew... despite what certain survival games may tell you!
The reason for this is very simple, with the exception of a few hotspots, the true Oceans, so beyond the Continental shelf and you are sailing over the Abyssal (as it was back in my day), the Oceans are essentially Biological Deserts. The hotspots are almost like Oasis, be they an island chain or a submerged seamount that forces upwell, each of which creates a local nutrient rich marine environment that encourages more or less permanent populations of fish.
On the whole however, the vast majority of the vast oceans are very low in nutrients and permanent populations, the animals moving through them are almost always transitory, moving along migratory routes from one feeding or breeding ground to the next.
Those fishing boats that actively go after Pelagic fish species, like Tuna Boats, are extremely specialised vessels, and these days they have extremely advanced fish sonar sets and other equipment on board through which they can detect and catch the fish they are after. Simply chuckling a line over the side is, in the deep ocean at least, going to be a very unreliable way of feeding your crew. If you get lucky, you pass over a shoal moving from one place to another and you catch a lot very quickly, if you are unlucky, you will not get a nibble for days...
at 0:45 talking about scanning a large-format document:
Any engineering-blueprint handling print shop will have a wide-format feed-scanner (typically 42" wide, high resolution, unlimited length). In the US, FedEx/Kinkos should have this. Google "nearby Blueprint Supplies" or "nearby Blueprint services" etc. I've scanned 30x42 sheets to jpg files all the time, for a reasonable price.
Note: you can go the "other way": Take them a high-res jpp/gif etc. graphic file (say from a 1,200 dpi A4/8.5"x11" original), and they'll print it out huge.
Just what I needed to relax today :)
00:25:49 I would also note that the Germans were really not worried about the BEF as a land force, so risking the fleet to stop it was mostly pointless in their perspective. Another 100,000 lightly-armed infantry was really not a major game changer when the Imperial German Army was already prepared to take apart the French Army which was far larger, had more heavy weapons, and would be operating in a unified command structure. The BEF's qualitative advantages were basically negated in a great continental war against massive armies of efficient conscripts, and sure enough, the BEF was all but slaughtered within weeks even if it gave a bit better than it got in the process. Didn't get away from the fact that a BEF man took a generation to train, while the one or so German conscripts he took with him took just a few months to bring up to standard.
Call me a pedant but that was an interesting pronunciation of the French port 'St. Nazaire'
_yOu SaId tHaT wRoNg-frenchman.jpg_
Mein Gott, what is it with the fucking French language that brings out an _"ACCCKSHULL-E"_ faster than anything in the Naval Warfare community
That was cheerful.
Fishing in the Navy. Most of the ocean is actually fishless. Good luck with that. Fishing line was hemp line or the very expensive catgut - a line made out of CATS. The first limits catch because its thick and visible - the second one was expensive and needed to be washed with fresh water after use and would not last long in a hot environment. Leaders were piano-wire and rust quickly. Hooks were mild steel and homemade. You can dangle all month without catching unless you understand the size, type of fish, and local bait they go for. Fishing while berthing - water was extremely dirty in harbors till the seventies - and so was the fish. Ciguatera affects many shore- and reef-fish in the tropics making you very sick, Trolling speed is ca 6-9kts for tuna, marlin, wahoo, ono. Many large boats cruise at higher speed - this will wear out your line and fish wont bite. You need to place the lure exactly in the wake of the boat and do it in a spread of 2-7 lures. You imitate a fishschool. All this is way beyond a Farmboy from Youdahoe, a loomers son from Wensleydale upon Stokentrent or Franz von Schwanzsteiff.
Lore vs Myth: As former active duty Marine, our entire branch is based in the myth of our supernatural warfighting abilities, so I wanted to weigh in on the differences between the two.
Lore: Lore is the story behind a set of events, this can be completely true or the truth may be bent here to make the story better. Examples would be Dan Daily saying "come on you sons of bitches, do you want to live forever" while charging out of the trenches. The truth is he probably did say that or something really similar, and he did at one point lead a charge out of the trenches. The lore is he stood on the parapet looked back at all the huddled marines in the trenches behind him, said his line and charged out into a hail of gun fire, further envigorating his fellow fighters into a blood thirsty craze. Lore is a story being cleaned up.
A naval example would be Admiral Nelson holding the spy glass to his fake eye and making a quip "I don't see the signal to retreat (I didn't feel like looking for the exact quote).
Myth/Legend is when the facts start to mold into something fancifully incorrect. Things like German wwii pilots being vastly superior to allied pilots, truth is they never got the chance to be replaced so they have incredibly inflated kill numbers. The Red Baron is a great example of a modern myth. A highly experienced and intelligent pilot in a superior bit of kit getting to farm kills from poorly trained new pilots who didnt understand the difference between their respective aircraft and suddenly you have a terror of the skies who is unbeatable and later goes on to be a beagle on a dog house and make pizza. Other myths include the Spartan 300 holding the pass all by themselves against a million murderous foreigners.
I dont think it takes much to turn fact into myth or legend, even in modern times. There are plenty of examples of bordering on mythological figures and stories even in the last 80 years or so of all of our documenting. There will always be a bit thats impossible to capture in a data format, the harrowing moments between gun shots will never be captured by documentarians. Its in those moments where lore and myth grow.
Yeah, yeah that's what I reckon but also "why" the Lore and Mythification happens at all: Building of mythology is fundamental in any institute of applied violence; from every military to American Football team, gradually, objective fact become subjective speculative perfection.
The perfect model of what the institutions want their national thinking-feeling extensions of might to feel and think..
When there's such concentrated chaos and people put around to witness extremes flying in the face of Occam's Razor, so many other things _instantly and forever_ become justifiable and rationalized when the incredibly implausible begin to happen.
But.. this is just a civilian's opinion, so it doesn't matter for much. Just how it seems liking history and it's effects I suppose..
The russian 1905 Obuhov 305/52 could load up to 15 degrees elevation iirc, at least in Finnish coastal battery configuration. Im not sure about shipborne configurations.
Ship based guns tend to reload at lower elevations because the she'll handling room is right underneath, shore based guns can have deeper gun pits :)
@@Drachinifel I was under the impression that this was the case but thought to bring out a point from the Coastal side of things :D
@@Drachinifel Drach, there are multiple representations, gifs, depictions, etc of the loading layout of the QE class, and the 15" guns could load at up to 15° elevation. The upper hoist rail has the curved section to enable the hoist cage to line up at any elevation (up to 15°!) and the rammer is on am extension of the gun cradle.
@@piritskenyer hence 'tended' :)
Spotter planes. Show them the amazing Walrus hooking up procedure,sitting on the wing in front of the prop.
Well Arizona did have a somewhat newer engine than the ship it had the machinery for the Colorado class Washington installed in a refit during the 30s
@William Mulvaney yeah it was too damaged to reuse in a reasonable time frame but if it had been less damaged that could have come into play.
With the Colorado class machinery it was slightly faster than the other standards (like 22.5 knots instead of the standard 21) so it would have been able to keep up with a Fuso. With it ever so slightly faster than the other standards if they was going to send one standard with the newer fast battleships before they had enough oilers to send all the battleships I would think that Arizona if it hadn't been totaled would be the one.
@William Mulvaney yes Arizona was a Pennsylvania class.
Adding or removing funnels reminds me of USS Buchanan (Campbeltown) not having a full compliment at St Nazaire.
Some business services shops have large format scanners that do really great work. There are usually one or two in any large city.
Heat engines all work on a compression/combustion/expansion/exhaust cycle (squeeze, suck, bang, blow). In the case of the steam engine the compression of the working fluid occurs when the water is pumped into the boiler (water in the boiler is at the same pressure as the steam in the boiler, 600psi on an Iowa). As water is (almost) incompressible very little energy is needed to pressurise it and the water pump is relatively small and easy to overlook.
Right. So even though you use the same pressure to pump fuel in, as the pressure of the steam that comes out, adding water in requires much less power. The power is the force times speed. The force is the pressure/area. Since water is much more dense than steam, the area of the feedwater tube can be smaller and/or have slower fluid velocity compared to the steam outflow pipe. This means the power lost pumping water (water speed*pressure/water pipe area) is much smaller than the power produced by the steam (steam speed*pressure/steam pipe area).
@@andersmusikka Pumping water into the boiler is equivalent to the compression stroke on a petrol engine. Now remember that work done = force x distance. Compressing air means reducing its volume - ie the piston travels through a distance. If you compressed a cylinder of water the piston would hardly move. Less distance = less work done. So compressing water requires less energy than compressing air.
A few years ago at a Cross & Cockade AGM at the RAF Museum at Hendon we were given a talk on WW1 air to ground wireless communication and shown some of the spark type transmitters. These were in full working order, but could not be demonstrated to us sadly because they would disrupt all radio communications over a considerable local area and bring down the wrath of the relevant authorities! Good old "white noise" 😁
Concerning the time necessary to prepare for a sortie intercepting the BEF: IIRC the germany army had of course not bothered to inform the navy of the Schlieffen-plan prior to its activation, so the admirals were surprised to learn that they were entering a war with the Royal Navy with only a few days warning.
The quote about having the british army arrested by the police is most often attributed to Bismarck during the danish-german war of 1864: "If Lord Palmerston sends the British army to Germany, I shall have the police arrest them." It referred to Britain having a comparatively small army avaiable outside its colonies and therefor needing a continental ally if it wanted to fight a war with a major european power. In 1914 the BEF consisted of only 7 divisions, while the french had 77 french divisions and the german army deployed 82 divisions in the west. So its not that difficult to see why the germany army command thought it did not have to worry too much over the BEF.
Invincible Class STC.
Praise the Omnissiah!
@ @ Well that was cool ! One of my fav planes just from an esthetic pov the Vought Kingfisher. As a kid I built TONS ( like a 100 ?) planes as models most in 1/72 and most were fighter planes but I had this Monogram kit of a 1/48 scale Kingfisher that was always the one that fascinated me the most. I just liked its look.
The Grumman "Duck" (both the JF & J2F versions) are also a nice airplane. (In fact when you see "Liaison" aircraft mention as part of an (US) Aircraft Carrier's Air Group, odds are very high that it was a "Duck")
In terms of jamming radios in WWI, refer to the story of the SS Californian sending its ice warning to the RMS Titanic. That is basically what happend when Californian interrupted Titanic's transmission to Cape Race.
Re disguise; Popski ( Major Vladimir Peniakoff) of the same private army was Belgian and was fighting against the Italians in the Western Desert - it became an issue when the Army legal bods noticed that Belgium had surrendered before Italy entered the war.
27:37 - 27:45 The only Pre-Dreadnought In Portland then/now is Royal Sovereign-Class HMS Hood (1891) Who's Turrets were/are integrated to Portland Harbour's Shore Defences, hull used for anti-torpedo bulge testing, then scuttled to block U-Boats in the Southern Ship Channel circa 1913-14. EDIT: I thought he was speaking of Dunkirk Evacuations for some reason, Nevermind! :)
57:45, NR personal taking up hobbies like gardening doesn't suprise me at all as it is known for being threptic and a good way of slowing things, especially after being potential in combat. Question: what did PTSD look like in the Napoleonic era Royal Navy?
The chapter markers are really good
40:00 - Dry Docks at Pearl - The strike Nagumo didn’t launch was supposed to target dry docks & other repair facilities along with the oil farm. The main strike had included a package that was supposed to target repair facilities, but the pilots were entranced by the Battleships they regarded as “more worthy targets”.
Cruisers and tenders were higher on the hit list than repair and supply facilities, and even those did not get much attention once the Nevada started down the channel. Any attack on support infrastructure would have had to swim uphill against the IJN "samurai" attitude of warships first, second and third. I have not read anything about a main strike plan including infrastructure, though they were worried about what to do if the battleships had torpedo nets out. The tank farm would have taken two or three dive bombers each, and they all had higher-priority targets for the first two waves. Any "third" wave would have taken at least two to three hours to return, at which point the defense would have been much better prepared and the chance of counter-strike higher.
@@gregorywright4918 - Much our modern planes had been destroyed on the ground, so we didn’t have nearly enough to send out on a counterattack, &, even at 200-250 miles, the Japanese were out of range at that stage in the war.
You’re right about the “samurai attitude” causing pilots to decide that they really need to attack warships who had been ordered to attack repair facilities. Although the AA was finally up & running (The Enterprise’s pilots talked about “jumpy AA crews” shooting at them when they flew in), the fighters that might have been able to make a difference had been destroyed on the ground. Mitsuo Fuchida & Admiral Nagumo argued about making a 3rd attack. Fuchida had observed our response to the 1st 2 waves & urged that the Japanese do as much damage as possible. Nagumo decided on caution because he didn’t have confidence in the fleet’s aerial reconnaissance.
@@TraditionalAnglican I take Fuchida's statements with a large barrel of salt these days - much of his assertions have been challenged or disproved (he said he was on the Missouri at the surrender) and his hand in the after-action reports seems to have skewed some of the BDA analysis. What matters most about the likelihood of a third wave is what Nagumo knew or thought, not what the actual situation was. He did not know how bad the losses in US aircraft were, he did not know how good the IJN recon was, he did not know where our carriers were (or apparently even how many - I often read that they thought the Yorktown was still around, when she was in the Atlantic). He probably presumed that our land-based naval strike capability was at least as good as theirs, which was pretty good (think Prince of Wales and Repulse) although that had not been proved yet. He did not like the operation going into it, thinking it too risky even though he was given command. The returning fliers reported significant damage to well more battleships than Yamamoto had wished for, so Nagumo was all for heading home. I've seen some wargames of him sticking around that vary between a hard-fought victory for IJN to a loss of between 2 and 4 carriers. The fuel situation was also a concern - if those tankers north of Midway had been found and sunk, or if Nagumo stuck around long enough that they had to move south to refuel him, he might not have been able to get back at all.
I was always curious what would the consequences be for a nation if they ever violated the Washington naval treaty
Like most treaties, it was pretty toothless. There were escalator clauses.
It was an agreement that everyone was a little dissatisfied with, but which prevented an all-out building war, which none of the major powers really wanted to do. They were ll pretty broke, by then.
Basically that the others would then be free to build away, like happened in 1936.
11:25 imagine being American and joining the war to find out the British and Germans were broadcasting My Country Tis of Thee to demoralize each other.
Imagine the American, British, and German navies all broadcasting it at full power. It could only end in a salute from all cannons.
Out of, or critically low on ammonium the three combatants choose to retire from the least bloody and most patriotic battle in history.
@@christopherconard2831 Hey, surviving that much _Patriotism per Square Inch_ is something worth living to tell the tale of!
Jesus the quality. How are you not sponsored by some major teaching entity? Your channel is one of the most comprehensive naval history resources out there. Top stuff
(Oh yeah I don't know if it was mentioned yet but you have a typo in the description)
He hasn't worked Critical [Fill in the Blank] Theory into his presentations. Although Being Hit by Naval Artillery Through a PanSexual Lens might be an entertaining April Fools offering.
@@nk_3332 Are the imaginary SJWs coming to get you?
@@krautreport202 Nope, Jerry Falwell and Tipper Gore already tried the same censorious nonsense forty years ago, the new breed are still ridiculous despite leaning the other way.
It’s early WW2, and a new super weapon, developed by one side but the coopted by the other, has destroyed all of the landing gear and rendered building more nearly pointless.
The various powers now need to conduct the air war with things like their flying boats and sea planes.
Which powers have the best machines for the purpose, and how do they compare?
(Seriously, the flying boats and such of the time were such weird and wonderful weapons!)
German politicians: “The German police can handle the British Army”
British Army **Mad Minute noises**
In the "Age of Sail and leaving the RN" segment you neglected to mention the obvious "express exit method" which would usually involve a very large French gun. :-)
I've heard the transition described as: "history becomes legend, and legend becomes myth".
Highest pressure is at the outlet of the main feed pumps. A leak there will be a steam leak.
Hey Drach love ya videos I was wondering if you could do a USS Ranger guide soon?
Last time I was this early, Noah's Ark was still in the hands of the shipyard
In for a refit and extra AAA, was it?
Additional Ark Animals, of course
@@noremorsewoodworking2258 Yeah - that and a new radar
Noah's ark was just a buffet for the lions
If the German High Seas Fleet is busy in the channel what keeps the Grand fleet from attacking the German coast?
PT boats, submarines, mines, aircraft
Tons of Mines.
The geographic pecularity of the german North Sea coast (mostly mudflats) would make any major attack difficult. Also I don't think you could do that much damage by bombarding the costal cities in the first place.
@@kyle857
You have a point about torpedo boats and mines but aircraft at the beginning of WWI; nonsense.
@@gildor8866
You don't see obliterating the port facilities that keep the German Navy functional as useful?
Please do an admiral’s profile on Cochrane!
Office Depot should be able to scan that properly
Do you have a video on the USS Kidd?
Will anyone start searching the ocean floor to do modern archeological investigation of the Battle of Okinawa?
Instead of moving the BEF to France in WWI, what would happen if the BEF was deployed to assault on the North German plains in 1914? This would force a fleet action between the KM and RN in 1914. Assuming the RN wins, how would this affect the war?
Then you have the BEF isolated in northern germany against whatever reserves the german army throws at them. Would probably also kill the Schlieffen plan, but I can't see that ending well for the BEF in the long run. Difficult to supply and once enough german troops are avaiable the british would probably be forced to evacuate under pressure.
Jackie Fisher craved an amphibious invasion of the Baltic coast of Prussia to threaten Berlin - this was the reason for building the "tin clads". However, in 1914, only the home based divisions would have been available, and any assault would probably be on the highly convuluied North area coast ( so as not to compromise Danish neutrality. German troops could be diverted and would have vastly outnumbered and expeditionary force. Besides amphibious invasions were not the easiest to organise, as the Cards panelled demonstrated.
Giday mate just started watching your Videos thank you , Yah know your stuff. My question is , I wonder if you could a bit more Australian Navy? Say maybe the "Scrap Iron Flotilla"
HMAS Vampire, Vendetta , Waterhen, Voyager and Stuart?'. Thanks Mate.
nice
Have you talked with a real professional shipyard or shipfitter?
Lore can be tradition legend can be event based myth is sea serpents.
No mention of the "Contemptible little army" quotation regarding the BEF?
It's not confirmed the Kaiser ever actually said it, and if he did it was likely in response to the size rather than the quality of the BEF. And it *was* small. The BEF that landed in France in 1914 consisted of 4 Infantry Divisions split into 1st and 2nd Corps (Haig and Smith-Dorrien), and a Cavalry Division (Allenby). 3rd Corps did not join them until a little before the First Battle of Ypres.
Whilst they were magnificently trained, and many of the men were veterans, the BEF was too small for large scale Continental wars, and did not have the equipment to fight them, specifically when it comes to Medium and Heavy Artillery. Even worse, being so small with a relatively small reserve meant it was very, very vulnerable to casualties.
By the end of the First Battle of Ypres the Battalions of the BEF were in a bad way. Many had been reduced from an active rifle strength of 800 men down to, in cases, no more than 70 - 80 effectives per Battalion. To put this into perspective, from the start of WWI to mid Novermber 1914, the BEF suffered 89,000 casualties, mostly in the Infantry Battalions. The entire Rifle Strength of the BEF in 1914 was 85,000 men. By the end of the First Battle of Ypres the superbly trained Regular pre war British Army had essentially ceased to exist....
If the British land, "I shall have them arrested."
@@M167A1 This was the quote used by the prof in my "Germany Since 1914" history class, which has recently emerged as "Portland Since 2020." :(
Thank.you.for.another.entertaining.and.educational.video...Any.chance.of.a.video.on.mutinies,especially.Invergordon?
Further information on boilers and steam cycle:
ua-cam.com/video/dDUQ_EukdxM/v-deo.html
Why did the Imperial German Navy make no serious attempt: I guess we can assume that the French would have send some naval vessels into this clash as well, which would have made the task even more dangerous that it would have already been. And if th Schliefen Plan would have worked, it wouldn't have mattered much if the BEF would have been in France or not. And it nearly did after all.
The French fleet was concentrated in the Mediterranean, as per agreements with the British for the RN to cover the French northern coast in case of war with Germany; this was one of the reasons why the French were so upset with the British for prevaricating until the invasion of Belgium forced Asquith's hand. Also, while the Germans were somewhat contemptuous of the limited size of the BEF, they would certainly have preferred to not have it in the way of their advance if it could have been managed. The real problem was that the German Navy had no joint plans for war with the Army, and the Kaiser and von Tirpitz were not going to risk their showpieces in a situation where, even if the High Seas Fleet destroyed the Dover patrol of pre-dreadnoughts and blocked the Channel, the Grand Fleet would have come down in a few days and wiped out the Germans. From a point of grand strategy, if you are throwing everything you have into a quick victory in the West within 2 months, it still might have been a good idea, but politically it was not possible.
It's a shorty, only an hour long.....
Those darn “Long Lances” strike again.
More Drach?
Hurrah!
The whole "controversy" about the flag flying on the Kormoran is that there is no controversy. All witnesses state that the Kormoran had hoisted the German Flag. The only people who argue are conspiracy theory nuts, they were not there. The ability of a ship to hoist a wrapped flag and break it out takes 2 seconds, an irrelevant time period.
The obvious rejoinder is that all those witnesses are from Kormoran because Sydney was lost with all hands, so it doesnt mean as much as it would if there were witnesses from both sides. Agreed that accusations of perfidy in this case are mostly about "how could this merchant raider sink a warship?" while ignoring the way Sydney's approach was insufficiently cautious and contributed to her sinking.
👍🦅✌️
Talking about women on board ship in the laundry day segment reminded me of a James Mason line in the movie Yellow Beard, " This is Mr Prostitute who's in charge of discipline".
00:49:06 - At what point does naval history become naval lore? How does lore differ from myth?
I would define Lore as the sum of information we get not from documents but from personal stories and songs told by the sailors...
in this definition, History would as a field include part of the Lore, but Lore would be based more on opinions rather than facts... say the specs of a Sea Hurricane Hawker would be part of documented history, what the pilots thought about how it handled would be Lore..
Myth is something that is generated about the Navy, but by people outside the Navy, or atleast, outside events.... not to be confused with Legend or Mythology, which is something used to educate others (usually younge people) about the concepts through an engaging artform, a made up story used to pass on the esoteric essense of the events.
Ahha! Eddie Teach!
If you add the targets that should have been on the Perarl Harbor target list, but were not, Japan hit more like 25% of the targets vs. about 30% of those actually designated. But if you lose to the underdog, ego requirtes that the winner played a "perfect" game. 0___0
Saint Nazzy-air? Um, don't think it's pronounced that way. Try Saan Nazare.
I prefer drachs version.
Damn the french
Should have just launched the aircraft before the battle, go somewhere safe, come back later. Duh
Geeze....dots and dits...dits and dashes.....dahs and dits
@32:05 - “It’ll buff out”
It's Saint Nazair, not St Naziah. (in pronunciation terms; obviously it's spelled St Nazaire).
Everybody knows that there is no British giant 3D printer to print aircraft carriers.
It prints battleships.
I am shocked to be the first one here xD
Don't be shocked we were all flying under false colours.
8 downvotes weren't able to get their laundry done.
185th
If you Really want to Demoralize you enemy with radio transmissions... play Buck Owens saddest songs ...nonstop ...
Nickelback
And if you are fighting Red Army and want to troll and/or exorcise them you can jam their radio transmitting Bible (it was done by Poles, during battle of Warsaw in 1920)
I heard that Austro-Hungarians were using radio jamming quite often during 1st World War and they had a lot of people speaking their neighbours/enemies languages so I would't be surprised if they manadged to do some nasty trolling...
NOPE you need GEORGE JONES for that to work.
@@danielbackley9301 He would be good for demoralization, but not so much for exorcisms.