Skull Inferior View

In this video, I will explain the anatomical structures visible in the inferior view of skull including hard palate (palatine processes of maxillary bones, horizontal plates of palatine bones, median palatine suture, transverse palatine suture, incisive foramen, greater palatine foramina, lesser palatine foramina), inferior orbital fissures, zygomatic processes of the maxillary bones, maxillary processes of zygomatic bones, greater wings of the sphenoid bone, ovale foramina, spinosum foramina, lacerum foramina, petrous portions of the temporal bones, carotid canals, jugular foramina/canals, styloid processes of the temporal bones, mastoid processes of the temporal bones, stylomastoid foramina, mastoid foramina, external acoustic meatuses, mandibular fossa, articular tubercles/eminences, temporomandibular joints, zygomatic processes of the temporal bones, temporal processes of the zygomatic bones, zygomatic arches, foramen magnum, occipital condyles, atlanto-occipital joints, hypoglossal canals, external occipital protuberance, superior and inferior nuchal lines, and mandible (body, rami, angles, condyles, head and neck of condyles, coronoid processes, internal oblique, mental protuberance, mental foramina, alveolar process, mylohyoid lines, sublingual and submandibular fossa, genial spines). In each section, I name a few important neurovascular structures that pass through the openings including carotid arteries, jugular veins, branches of cranial nerves trigeminal (V), facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), vagus (X), accessory (XI), hypoglossal (XII).