The Greek Population Exchange after the Greco-Turkish War
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- Опубліковано 24 бер 2023
- After the First World War Greece fought against Turkey in the Greco-Turkish War. The Treaty of Sèvres led to the Partition of the Ottoman Empire. Turkish nationalist leader Mustafa Kemal Atatürk rallied his troops and fought against the Western powers. This conflict was known as the Turkish War of Independence. It led to the 1922 Revolution in Greece and the Treaty of Lausanne. Part of this treaty was Greece-Turkey population exchange. How did over one million Greeks went to Greece and what happened with them there?
History Hustle presents: The Greek Population Exchange after the Greco-Turkish War (1922 - 1925).
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SOURCES
- Greece. Biography of a Modern Nation (Roderick Beaton).
- The Balkans. Nationalism, War and the Great Powers, 1804-2012 (Misha Glenny).
- The Vanquished: Why the First World War Failed to End (Robert Gerwarth).
IMAGES
Images from commons.wikimedia.org.
MUSIC
"The Descent" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
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"Evil March" Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
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SOUNDS
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PLAYLIST about the History of Modern Greece:
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so the surrounding of Russia by NATO military bases has led to nukes in Belarussia. After the United Europe will be defeated once again by Russians we shall read the comments on UA-cam and give no remorse as you had in the 1945, Stalin was way too kind to Europe.
Nice western propaganda playing the Turks as evil and that Balkan and Greece didn't do it early in history where they kicked muslims out. I swear nothing matches western propaganda
👍
Well one thing to note was that among the Greeks was also deported Christians in general, that included Armenias and circisian people for example in Pireaus we have a neighborhood called " armenika" the Armenian one
I would also say that the areas north to Thessaloniki, towns like Drama and Kavala have a bigger present of refugee origin populations since doe to the wars and the population exchange was pretty much depopulated
Also when you read to a village or tow name Nea- ( new) 9 out of 10 it's a refuge community..
And talking about refugees
My great grandfather, Alekos from my mother's side was a orphan Greek kid adopted by a Turkish childless family from Cappadocia
He had their last name and he could speak both languages
To make a very long story shorter he became a officer of the ottoman army
And was stationed at Smyrna where he fall in love with Anastasia, my great grandmother
Well there was a problem Anastasia was underaged and that costed him his commission
Anyways as a civilian he became a merchant and made a fortune for him self - very typical of Greeks of the ottoman empire, got married Anastasia and had 4 kids
One night while the Greek garrison was preparing to flee a Turkish friend of his from his time in the army nock his and told " Aleko take your wife and go" upon hearing that Alekos told Anastasia to wear as many layers coath as possible and prepare the children, Anastasia was reluctant to just abandon everything and Alekos told him that if THAT guy tells to run for your life something terrible is going to happen..
Eventually they made it to an overcrowded linear - they got lucky
The ship was so packed that if you couldn't go to wc... You hade to do it on the spot..
After few months in Quarantine they was finally selted in Kavala, the house that was given, Alekos could tell was Turkish by the way it was built
Their oldest daughter, the one who had memories of Smyrna, eventually visited modern day Ismir sometime in the 80s and was able to find her old family house, she stood frozen for a moment and a lady approached her and ask her if it was the house she grew up, then told her that she could stay as long as she wants...
An other thing that we have to note is that many of the very first Greek Industrialists was of refuge origin
Greek industries like "pyrkal", shipping names like Onassis and brand names like Papadopoulos Biscuits have their origins to that period
I mean Papadopoulos on logo you can literally read " Papadopoulos 1922"
Thank you for your sensitivity and knowledge
Thanks, personal histories like this really help to understand the larger events.
Very interesting information. Thanks for sharing that family history.
Our people have suffered so much and still we stand tall
This is why Greek and Turkkye should make a reunion, there are millions of people like you who are directly and indirectly related to Turks. It make no sense to make a border between two people because they have different religion.
Amazing video we appreciate the effort you make to give us these videos. I really would like the series of Greek history to continue
Only thanks to you I know about this. Never had this at school in my time.Thanks sir! Appreciate it a LOT 👍
Greets from Grun' 🇳🇱, T.
👍👍👍
Great knowledge shared by a great man 💪🏽❤️✌️thank you Stefan
Many thanks Jesse.
Thank you for yet another video about an interesting but difficult topic.
Thanks for your reply Artur!
Population exchange was harsh, but if it was not done Greece and Turkey would become like Bosnia in the 90s.
I think so too. Very tragic but prevented future conflicts. Let's hope it remains that way.
Well it wasn't fair though. More greeks came to Greece than turks went to turkey but greece lost the war so that was to be expected. If Greece had kept eastern thace it would have been more fair.
@@dkgamers1385 Greece could very well have eastern thrace today, the turks couldn't actually take it themselves, the great powers forced greece to give it up
@@TheHunterOfYharnam i know it was unfair Greece had lost the war and it wasn't in a position to defend itself it did whatever the great powers told her to do.This is why the real enemy is not turkey but france,italy and Britain.
@@dkgamers1385and mostly USA at the time. They didn't want us in Anatolia at all unlike Italy, great Britain and France.
Awesome content. Thanks for your efforts to highlight little know apects of history.
My grandmother was one of those Greeks of Anatolia.
It is important to remember what happens when Greeks and Turks are not at peace with each other, It is horrible and must never be repeated.
Whoever you think was at fault for this catastrophe, forgive but don't forget.
By the way I loved Turkey the couple of times I've been there as a tourist, and I liked every Turk I met there, they were warm and polite people.
It's easy to be friends.
this info is really really interesting. thanks brother
Great to read. Thanks
Always interesting!
😁👍
Another good video on a little known topic. Take it easy and be well.
Great video as always.
Many thanks Jan. Good to hear from you again. Hope you are doing well. Greetings from Prague 🇨🇿
Weer iets geleerd waar ik geen flauw benul van had....bedankt weer Stefan!
Wist je dat echt niet?
Dank 👍
Allways great ideas for videos bravo
👍👍👍
the only thing that didn't know was the retreat of the French army which concluded in allowing the the turkish army to be empowered!! the refuge harbours were Ermoupolis (Syros island), Thessaloniki, Volos and Pireus. The excluded Greeks of Constatinople were finally expeled at 1965 , about 40.000 people. only few remain there yet. The whole population transfer had a major impact on Greek culture of every level. the total number of refugees was among 1.000.000 and 1.200.000 souls. The whole story of that period is quite complex cause of the drastic changes that went during and after WW1 and still has a major role in Greek-Turk relationships
@@efecik2859 Turkey is unambiguously at fault for the virtual disappearance of the Greeks in Istanbul, Imbros and Tenedos.
Very interesting 👌
Cheers!
The prejudice against Greeks from Asia Minor was so great in Greece that friends of mine did not tell me that their grandparents had come to Athens as refugeees until about 10 years ago. I had thought that their family was from Athens, but they hid their real origins as they had been told to do so by their parents.
Greeks have no prejudices. Only you as an Anglo- Canadian has prejudices against Indians and French-speaking Canadians.
This is strange as grand child of refugees from Pontos and as many of my friends ,we didn't experienced such thing,neither our parents nor our grand parents.
Unless it is of Turkish of Gypsy ethnic origins, this is pure scam
Nice western propaganda playing the Turks as evil and that Balkan and Greece didn't do it early in history where they kicked muslims out. I swear nothing matches western propaganda
Αυτό που λες μου ακούγεται περίεργο. Πότε δεν κρύψαμε την καταγωγή μας.Ίσα ίσα πάντα δηλώναμε περήφανοι που έχουμε καταγωγή από την Ανατολία.
For the Greeks of Pontus and the Anatolian coast of which I am one, it was an exodus after thousands of years of history (Ancient cities like Ephesus and Pergamon which exists today). For the Ottomans of Greece, well as a Greek I’d tell you they were colonisers and conquerors on our land. But in a modern context I’d prioritise getting a long peacefully over any historical conflicts.
Nice video again could u make a video about Australia in ww2? I don't know if u did that
Not yet, perhaps one day!
Interesting, thanks. 👍
Thanks for watching.
@@HistoryHustle :P
The population exchange has destroyed the cosmopolitanism in Turkey and triggered the loss of identity in Turkish cities. I believe many of the problems Turkey is facing today stems from the loss of non-Muslims from the society, and hope that one day Turkey will finally face its past and mitigate the effects by inviting the grandsons and granddaughters of the long-gone Greeks and Armenians. Much like what Spain and Portugal is doing nowadays.
Greeks and Armenians would be crazy to go to your damned country. What in your sick mind are Spain and Portugal doing nowadays? Inviting Jews and Musalmans coming back to the Peninsula?
The truth is that Turkey must leave the Tsargrad (you also call it sometimes Konstantinopol) and never come back. Turkey killed armenians and greeks and occupied their lands, and turks dont belong there.
Nice western propaganda playing the Turks as evil and that Balkan and Greece didn't do it early in history where they kicked muslims out. I swear nothing matches western propaganda
@@ljoe7038 So did the American or should i said everyone else in this world. I will support the turk removed from Anatolia if all of the black people in America continent go back into Africa and all of the white people in America continent go back to Europe. Those land are not belong to them.
You want to reset everything back to the Medival Age then do it for the whole world not just the turk.
@@ljoe7038 Hypocrisy isn't demanding something to be revert back to the long forgotten past for one group only while many other also suffer.
All of the people now living on the American continent are all traitors to their heritage.
Great work Stefan👍
😁👍
Thanks!
Thanks for your support!
Actually, with this population exchange, christian turks were sent to greece and muslim greeks/albanians were sent to turkey.
As an example, Greek prime minister Karamanlis comes from Turkish city of Karaman. If you are from karaman then you are called karamanlı and adopt it to Greek, Karamanli(s).
interesting video, ive heard of the war but not of the population exchange
These facts are well known. It is a lack of your general education.
@@johanvandermeulen9696 indeed i have only heard of this war once previously and that was a very simplified overlook on it
Yes, much of it is unknown.
Thank you for this video Stefan. One has to realize though that this is a subject that can easily be covered by a work the size of an encyclopedia. I will try to return with some notes on this issue, but the main thing one needs to understand is what are we talking about here, and what we are talking about is that Asia Minor and Pontus are the cradle of the Greek civilization; that the Greeks trace their very existance in these regions and that this Catastrophe marked the very end of the Greek presence in these historically Greek regions after more than 5,000 years. We are talking about Ephesus where the Greek philosopher Heraclitus was born, Miletus of Thales, Anaximander and Anaximenes, etc. We are talking of thousands of years of presence and of history. Everything next to this seems a detail.
You are so very right when you say "the cradle of Greek civilization is in Anatolia and Asia Minor." Why would you say that we have such an Athenian/Peloponnesian viewpoint of Greek history? It's not as though they're the only Greeks to have ever left a written legacy, is it?
@@frenzalrhomb6919 *Simple:* because that's where everything that was "Greek" came together giving us for example the birth of western philosophy, of Democracy, etc. It's not that other regions of what was Greece then didnt gave us an immense amount of new ideas and knowledge. Democritus of Abdera gave us the atomic hypothesis (that everything is made of atoms - atom being something that cant be devided) which was a light years step forward of the human thought none back then could possibly use. It's that the Classical and Hellenistic eras balanced shapped our modern world and way of thinking. They still do.
I mean take for example Earth: the first ones to propose that Earth is spherical were Empedocles and Anaxagoras (both being pre-socratic philosophers) who offered solid arguments for the spherical nature of the Earth. Yet in the 3rd century BC Hellenistic astronomy established the roughly spherical shape of Earth as a physical fact and calculated the Earth's circumference (Eratosthenes).
@@papertoyssAnatolia was never Greek, those peoples were culturally assimilated civilizations like the Hittites, you invaded and assimilated the lands of the indigenous peoples of Anatolia, the Greeks appeared on the stage of history in Crete and the Peloponnese. When Roman graves are opened in Anatolia, their DNA does not match the Greeks, it turns out that they are Hittites, Anatolia being Greek was the funniest thing I have ever heard.
@@Reussi1 I never claimed ancient Anatolia was Greek, but it was not Turkish either. As for the "assimilation" of these tribes/nations and of their cultures by the Turkish one, *well,* the term "assimilation" a rather diplomatic choise of word to describe the *forced* assimilation (the forced turkification
@@papertoyss There are things you misunderstand. Turks did not assimilate anyone. Assimilation is a different concept. Let me explain that the Turkification of Anatolia was a natural situation: Turks made Anatolia their homeland, and after this process, intense Turkish migration to Anatolia began. Over time, the Turks here and the local Anatolians began to marry. We are the grandchildren of these people. There is native Anatolian DNA in our DNA. We can say that he became Turkified as a result of marriages. That's why Anatolia is Turkish. If there was assimilation, people with 100 percent Hittite DNA would speak Turkish. This is not forced as you think, it is a natural process. Armenians and Assyrians were not subjected to cultural genocide. Armenians and Assyrians are already Christians and speak their own languages. Even though they lived with the Turks for 1000 years, if there was assimilation, they would all speak Turkish.
When the Turks came to Anatolia, Anatolia was a socially chaotic place. If I were to talk about it briefly.
Years of Byzantine/Sassanid-Arab wars and Armenian attacks reduced the population of Anatolia, people were plundered and died, people migrated to the west of Anatolia for safety, hunger, famine and diseases further reduced the population, and on top of that, the heavy taxes collected from the people by Byzantium. It is enough to understand the situation of Anatolia. The Turks took advantage of this opportunity. When the Turks came to Manzikert, the people of Anatolia rebelled against Byzantium and supported the Turks instead of defending Anatolia. The people of Anatolia accepted Turkish sovereignty with tolerance. The Turks abolished the heavy taxes imposed by Byzantium, recognized religious tolerance, and construction activities began in Anatolia, which Byzantium did not care about. With the migration of Turks to Anatolia, people here got married. Over time, everyone became Turkish. These reasons enabled the Turks to hold on to Anatolia. The Greeks do not have a 4000-year history in Anatolia. It was not the whole of Anatolia, but small regions such as the Ionian city of Pontus. Before you came, Georgians and Laz people lived in Pontus, and local Anatolians lived in cities such as Ionia. After the reign of Alexander the Great, Hellenic culture spread. The Romans came, then the Turks.
i like your glasses cool 😎. Interesting history topic
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Good video!!
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Great story telling and referenced history . The historical record of forced migration the Indian removel , Stalins relocations , the partition of India, to modern day issues in the Balkans and Ukraines is misery on a grand scale.
You forget the elimination of millions of Germans in Pomerania and Silesia in 1945/6.
@@johanvandermeulen9696 true , there many I have not mentioned. I intended no hierarchy of suffering.
If a scholar solely emphasizes in the headline only the forced migration of the Greek population while ignoring the Turkish exchange, it presents an incomplete and biased perspective on the historical event. It's crucial for academics to maintain objectivity and consider both sides of the population exchange in their headline. Failing to do so undermines the integrity of scholarly discourse and distorts our understanding of historical events. In international law if one
The parents of my late mother were sent to Izmir during the exchange. Grandma from Drama and grandpa from Kavala. Once there, they were close friends with the Greeks living there . When the Ottoman army was after the Greeks to send them to Greece, they hid a close friend Greek family in their house . Once it was announced that nothing bad will happen to the Greeks, they all started to prepare them for the journey to Greece. My grandpa found a sharp axe under the bedding of Hristos, the friend. When he asked why there was a hidden axe, Hristos said, "If you would tell the Ottoman soldiers that we were here, I would kill all your family with that axe." Grandfather was so angry to hear such a thing from an old friend that he refused to speak Greek and talk about the exchange until the day he died.
Interesting to read. Thanks for sharing this.
"Once it was announced that nothing bad will happen to the Greeks" this is Propaganda. We all know the Turks and Ottomans before them were genociders. Believe whatever fantasy you wish.
A Turkish guy here. It was a very painful experience for both sides. Many Turks living in Greece spoke Greek and Greeks living in Turkey spoke Turkish. Immigrants from both sides were discriminated by the local populations and suffered greatly. They lost everything they had and had no hope of coming back to their homes.
However, as explained in previous comments, this prevented many, if not all future conflicts in Greece and Turkey. Events of 6-7 September in Istanbul and the EOKA situation in Cyprus may give a glimpse of what could happen if this immigration did not take place.
It is very sad that both sides could not live in peace together in their home lands. Home is a term beyond any nationality or flag waving around the land. We are two nations sharing a common history and culture and should resolve any issues we have without aggression. Unfortunately governments on both sides like to itch the scars of history...
Thanks for sharing your insights. I don't have many Turkish people responding so good to hear your take on it.
The Greeks never committed a genocide against their Muslim population; the Turks did against their native Christian population. Stop being a historic revisionist and trying to justify the Turkish genocide of Asia Minor Christians in the early 20th century.
@@Paulynyc The harms of the Greek nationalist education system.
@@Sadoyasturadoglu Actually, the whitewashing of the history of the founding of the modern Turkish state BY the Turkish state.
@@PaulynycThe Greeks didn't perpetrate a genocide in the manner that Turks did to Armenians. But that man's post is mature and magnanimous.
Some important things that have to be noted.
Neither Venizelos nor Metaxas believed in the success of the campaign. However their difference was on the long-term thinking of Venizelos' genius vs the pragmatical, on the ground approach of Metaxas. The latter had pinpointed why the Greek army could not support the occupation, the former realized that not accepting this would irreversibly belittle Greece to the eyes of the Entente and cause domestic upheaval. Aside from securing the future of Greek minorities (ironic I know), Venizelos felt obligated to go through with the occupation and slowly but steadily maneuver himself into a better position in the future.
The amount of coincidences and dumb decisions from that point forwards can write a saga on their own. The king dies from a monkey bite and he is replaced by the hated (by the Entente) king thereby not only negating any help to Greece, but even switching sides over to Kemal. Venizelos meanwhile is not even elected in office due to a retarded election system and his opponents who managed to break about even just by propagating an end to the occupation, decided to not only keep on with the occupation but surpass the predetermined zone as a last ditch effort to destroy the Kemalist army before they were forced to abandon.
Essentially the Greek Army went into a search & destroy in the whole Asia Minor, miraculously reached the point to even cross the Sakarya river but ultimately failed to conquer Ankara and most importantly destroy the kemalist army that wisely eluded it. At that point and considering the international power's favor switching over to the Turkish side, defeat was a safer bet that an Italian swapperoo on any upcoming world war, yet the Greek army managed to avoid destruction through the generals' refusal to 'drop everything, turn tail and run' command that the new government dictated. They made an orderly retreat, but had to abandon essentially all heavy equipment which crippled the Greek army till Metaxas took over and started preparing for WW2.
The Asia Minor Catastrophe as it came to be called was immediately met with the execution of key figures and a lot of hatred and distrust against the refugee waves. A common slur against them were Tourkosporoi (Turk seeds) and generally there was a lot of social stigma regarding them. I read something similar occurred in Turkey as well.
Both sides committed a hell of a lot of atrocities. He is a moron who thinks that he can pick a good side in this regard. Greeks and Turks have been living together for centuries, but sentiments of hatred growing over decades of wars between the two sides since the Greek Revolution of 1821 had created a climate of hatred, which hopefully we will never again see come to rise.
Ο Μεταξάς ούτε ήξερε τι έλεγε. Αρκεί να ήταν αντίθετος του Βενιζέλου. Μπαινοβγαινε στην πρεσβεία της Γερμανίας κατά τον ww1 και ενημέρωνε πλήρως τους Γερμανούς. Άλλωστε σπούδασε στην Γερμανία.
where is the record of evidence of these "purported Greek atrocities" on the turkish muslims?
@@arcadeslum5882The Turkish genocide continued with the Greek occupation of Peloponnese, Crete, Athens, Thrace and Anatolia. There are photos of Turks being driven into mosques and burned because a Muslim could not burn his own sacred property, and this is the smallest part of the genocide.
And because the Greeks killed so many Turks in Anatolia and burned all the cities, they had to give land to Turkey in Thrace in the Treaty of Lausanne, which is a sign of genocide and Greek destruction.
@@Reussi1 They did not give the land in Eastern Thrace as a sign of genocide. They gave up the land because they could not pay monetary reparations as dictated by the terms of the treaty so it was the alternative. The land itself is also hard to defend (plains) which is not the case with the current border.
In the 1980s where there was a temporary fear of a GrecoTurkish conflict there was a leak that a Greek plan existed to strike through Evros (rather than defend), which threw the Turkish command in disarray, just because these plains leave the city of Istanbul wide open.
As I already mentioned, atrocities happened both ways, yes we were the aggressors that time, but do not paint it as if one day suddenly we decided to start killing Turks.
To give proof to that, some 20 years later the Greek army would march through Albania in which they had claimed lands. Although Greece had a quasi-fascist regime, there were no massacres and even foreign journalists commented how nothing had happened. Point is, Greeks do not simply march out of their lands to conquer and pillage, historically speaking. It is not in our ethos.
The GrecoTurkish war was the result of 400 years of struggle and hatred between Turks and Greeks. Hopefully we stopped for good this time. But it is wrong to say it was simply an imperialistic war against an innocent population that in the meantime would massacre the Armenians.
The German-backed and inspired ethnic cleansing which followed in Turkey is an equally black page of history.
During the Ottoman period, the majority in the Balkans were Turkish and Muslims, what happened to this population. Moreover, most of them were natives there, they had not even anything to do with the Turks, they were Albanians, bosnians and pomak. You labeled them Turkish just because they believed in another belief and then destroyed them. Talking as if it was the reason why the Turks ruled the place for years is nothing but your perception operation. You don't know, but let me tell you, the cadres that led in the Ottoman first world war were almost of Balkan origin, they knew what non-Muslims were doing there. It would be the same in Anatolia. They were supposed to take measures. I think what they do is quite fair. As a result, the Balkans became your Anatolian.
Balkan 20th century is very intetesting!
Agree!
Hi Stefan, Old classmate :) Thanks for this topic. Many stories on this event within our family. My family comes from Trabzon. I thought it would be worth noting that the diaspora of my family spread the Pontic Greek language, unfortunately our generation only know a set of words. However, it is interesting to see how long the language carries on. Still to this day, many Laz people speak Pontic Greek in the region.
May i ask what nationality you have? it is just curiosity. I first thought you are greek, then i stumbled about your name "Fikretkoc" my question is not meant rude. I like pontic greek very much especially in traditional songs and poems.
Hi Fikret, hope you are alright. Thanks for sharing this. Very interesting to read.
'Laz' people speaking Pontic Greek are not 'Laz people'.
Had Greeks not declared war this wouldn’t have happened ?
Yes. Why would people want their neighbors, with whom they have lived for years, to leave?
I am glad to mustafa kemal paşa for this wise decision. It prevented further ethnic tension and bloodbath.
Forced expulsions…ethnic cleansing…same same…in most instances this sows the seeds for future conflict…think western Balkans, Cyprus, and Central Asia and the Middle East. As always Stefan, your take on history is clear, through, informative and interesting. Have your previously done any livestreams?
Sarakatsani=greek muslims were sent to turkey.
Karamanlides= turkish christians were sent to greece.
Everything was based in religion,not ethnic background.
Thanks for sharing.
Megali idea wasn't only focused on Greek populated areas but apparently all of Western Anatolia of which only a few villages in Smyrna had a Greek majority
True "megali idea" (great idea) was the anachronistic vision of the nationalist that Greece should encompass all regions not only with greek majority, but also regions with greek cultural heritage elements like a new Byzantine Empire.
Not likely... Smyrna was a huge center of commerce in the Ottoman Empire and it was totally runned by Greeks. Everything in this city and the wider area were in Greek hands.
Actually many places in Asia Minor had large percentage of greek inhabitants ,larger even in comparison to some regions of mainland Greece.
@@user-nz1eu8cz1d OTTOMAN LAND WAR AGAİNST GREEKS.
Total Population exchange was necessary during Indian partition
Interesting but sad story also.
From Kars on Fathers side and Trebizond on Mothers to Florina Greece
After the dissolution of Ottoman Empire, Balkan states continiously conducted ethnical cleansing against each others. Even though these events were horrible for people suffered through this, nowadays' homogen population of these states prevented them from becoming like Bosnia. All we can do from now on is moving on and working for friendly relations.
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Interesting quote about the characteristics of the Christians who were "too" assimilated into Turks and Kurds. One would expect a more objective reference, or at least one or two sentences about the prejudice against these people in Greece.
Η ανταλλαγή τον πληθυσμών
Ήταν ενα έγκλημα για εμένα
Και απαράδεκτο και παραβίαση τον ανθρώπινων
Δικαίωματων όπου ζει κάποιος είναι πολίτης τις χώρας που είναι και μάλιστα αιώνες.
Yes, there were no human rights back then, people still had slaves. From today's perspective, many things are inhumane and I agree that the Balkan Turks should not be expelled from the Balkans and the Greeks should not be expelled from Turkey. And the real absurdity was that the change was religious, not ethnic, as if there were no Muslim Greeks and Christian Turks. The only remaining Christian Turks in Europe today are the Gagauz Turks in Moldova.
1. The Population Exchange was signed in Lausanne AFTER most of the Asia Minor Greeks had been forcefully expelled. Only those in the hinterland, in Kappadokia and Pontos, had been left there, and the Ottoman Muslims of Northern Greece.
Exghange referred then to the above populations. Turkey wanted to take those Muslims to enhance its depleted population, and Greece wanted them out to make space for the many more Greek refugees that had already swelled Greece. In all, 1.4 million Greeks were 'exchanged' for 390.000 Muslims, leaving behind much more property than the Muslims in Greece.
2. Turks call the turkish-speaking Greek Orthodox refugees as Turks. Historically it is known how some Greek-speaking Christians came to be Turkish-speaking, while others, Greek-speaking came to be Muslims. The crux of the matter is that the Turkish invasion of 1071 triggered a social upheaval in Greek-speaking Orthodox Anatolia over 8 centuries, to the effect that most people exchanged were actually Greek, Greek and Muslim [=Turks] by then. Read Speros Vryonis seminal work ''The Decline of Asia Minor Hellenism and the Islamization of Anatolia 11-15th c'' [1972, see Amazon]
Bilmen gereken bu anlaşmayı asıl isteyen ve Türkiye ye dayatan Yunanistan ve müttefikleriydi.
Çünkü Balkan Savaşları ve 1. Dünya savaşinda işgal ettiği toprakları Yunanlaştirmak istiyordu. Yakın zaman kadar Arnavutları ve Bulgarları Kuzey Yunanistan'da siykırıma uğratmaya devam ettiler.
Tarihi işinize geldiği gibi çarpıtabilirsiniz.
Ayrıca bu mübaleden önce 1874 ve Balkan savaşları sonucunda Yüzbinlerce müslüman katledildi veya Türkiyeye sürüldü.
The ‘ Ottoman History ‘ podcast may interest you, Stefan. It frequently produces fascinating interviews with academics who specialize in the enormous, often non-Greek speaking, Turkish Orthodox Greeks who poured into the slums of Athens and Thessaloniki,..producing incredible music, sung in Turkish, for the diaspora audience.
You really don't want to call " Turkish" a refuge, it's not a good idea
@@Pavlos_Charalambous Why not ?
@@Albert-Arthur-Wison225 it's the collective trauma, they often react badly especially the ones sheltered at northern Greece, and although those coming from the black sea collectively called " pontic" have many common cultural traits with other populations of Caucasus, like the Armenians and the Turkish people of the region, they tend to be very, very, nationalistic
In comparison with their " urban" counterparts that have an cosmopolitan air around them
Especially if we are talking about the last wave of people that came from Istanbul in the 50s 😉
Not to mention that many Armenians that came along with the Greek refugees was literally just trying to do anything to get rid of their ottoman documents
Some committed suicide in protest..
@@Albert-Arthur-Wison225 You are a turklover.
@@johanvandermeulen9696 I beg your pardon ?
My family come from Greece and Genetically I’m Greek , Sirbian , my family they didn’t know to speak Turkish , And We never be come pagan Again worship with human god Jc and they left the mother land to turkey 😢😢😢😢😢 they have soo many cultural problem there ………………
I wish someone would make a feature film about the 1922 exchange.
Would be interesting yes.
There are such series on Turkish TV channels but I don't know if they have subtitles
There is a Greek film called "1922" from 1978 and another called "Smyrna."
We never film.. Greek raped to our women, burned our cities.. 😢Yörük_turkmen and Caucasians fought them. We regret for christian turk just. They posted to Greece. I am sorry karaman turks😢Müslim greek and Albanian came They couldnot speak Turkish even.. 😔
there was no true exchange it was a ceasefire after a genocide...
A Greek lady in our church told me the Turks came into their town in Smyrna and gave them 15 minutes to get out and then burned their town .
yes this is true
Funny that's what the greeks did to the slavic population in Macedonia when the exchange happened.
@@RU-Aussiesource ?
Perhaps Greeks would have been able to hold more of Thrace if they didn't overextend themselves in Asia Minor.
Actually there was no war in Eastern Thrace.Mr.Venizelos handed it to the Turks inspite its large greek population without a single shot fired.
Their driving force of the Greek leadership at the time was to include to Greece all the Greek populations that was under ottoman rule, since they were" seeing " it as a form for" enslavement" they wouldn't stop until at least getting Smyrna and two or three costal towns and maybe Istanbul although the later was a secondary objective
Note that they didn't make any move towards black sea where many Greek populations existed because they felt they going to overextend themselves..
Yes I know.. the irony
Why is nobody talking about thE slaughtering of the Greeks that happened in Constantinopole after the Greco-Turkish war? It doesn't matter if our populations exchanged, our people got slaughtered.
Source?
What happened to those who belonged to Greek ethnicity or spoke Greek but practiced Islam?
or on the contrary those Orthodox Turks?
Orthodox Christians in Turkey - 1.5 million Armenians killed, rest fled to Armenia. 700k Greeks killed, rest fled to Greece in exchange. Few hundred thousand Assyrians killed, don’t know what happened to rest, presumably they fled. As for Orthodox Turks - no such thing. Byzantium was Greek/Christian majority. When Turkic tribes came, they mingled with the current population. Some Greeks converted, they became Turk over the years. Turks share more DNA with Greeks as they do the original Central Asian tribes - that’s why they look European not Mongoloid/Central Asian. Turks are a mixture of Turkic tribes, and converted Armenians, and Greeks. So by definition, there cannot be a Greek Muslim (that is a Turk) or an Orthodox Turk (it’s just a Greek or Armenian). The interesting thing is what about modern times - lots of Turks are irreligious, or believe in God but not Islam/Muhammed. Are these Greeks again - I think not. They are still part of Islamic culture, just like Western non religious people are still from a Christian culture.
@@AG-vb6vv By saying Greek or Turks, I meant the native speakers of the languages, no matter who their biological ancestor was. Were there not people who spoke Greek and practiced Islam?
@@ntt-5041 Yes, in Crete they made up 20% of the population. But as religion was used to define ethnicity, they were expelled as Turks.
The same way, Karmanlides, Turkish speaking Orthodox people from Asa minor, were expelled to Greece as Greeks.
To put it gobally: Most of modern "Turks" are descendants of Greeks and Armenians woh had converted to Islam, so they were "turkified", as the Byzantines put it. That explains why in the Ottoman Empire, religion replaced ethnicity.
@@davidaxelos4678 Thanks for your explanation. I can't imagine the discrimination those minority populations received from both sides, because of not only religions but also languages
@@ntt-5041Giritliler. Onlardan çok ünlü sanatçılar var. Ayla algan, Çağlar Ertuğrul, Göksel arsoy.. Türkiyede çok başarılı oldular. Şimdi Türkçe konuşuyorlar.ua-cam.com/video/W7168pe6S0s/v-deo.htmlsi=RcOpYHmS769qN9jL o türklere benzemiyor değil mi?
Amazing! So many fail to cover this terrible pert of history. Thank you Stefan! Happy Greek Independence Day 🇬🇷 🇨🇾
☕️
@@papazataklaattiranimam May I ask, what do you do all day other than commenting?
@@fidemporas fr he just goes to Greek videos to spread hate. He has no life
@@fidemporas apparently is his job
Nice western propaganda playing the Turks as evil and that Balkan and Greece didn't do it early in history where they kicked muslims out. I swear nothing matches western propaganda
HAIL STEFAN!!!!
👍
Maybe europe( eu) need to do that with the other muslim countries
I see.
If a country adopts an unlawful act (such as invasion) towards another and the latter reciprocates, according to international law, this is known as the principle of "reciprocity." Under this principle, a country has the right to respond to unlawful actions. The country which reprenet the unlawful act first is responsible and this act weaken the legal claim of the initiating country. After first WW, Greek started an invasion aginst Türkiye and responsiple for this unlawful attack. It is better facing the history objectively.
Lausanne Peace Treaty Part II. Financial Clauses
Article 59
Greece recognises her obligation to make reparation for the damage caused in Anatolia by the acts of the Greek army or administration which were contrary to the laws of war.
On the other hand, Turkey, in consideration of the financial situation of Greece resulting from the prolongation of the war and from its consequences, finally, renounces all claims for reparation against the Greek Government.
It's interesting that Greece relocated a lot of these refugees in areas where other minorities lived, which made those people move from Greece in return. This happened with the Aromanians which left Greece to move to Romania in Southern Dobruja. And then they had to move from Southern Dobruja in 1940 when Bulgaria took it to Northern Dobruja, in an exchange of populations between Romania Bulgaria. I find the level of victimization in the comments section a tad amusing coming from Greeks, since their government literally doesn't recognize the very concept of "ethnic minority", even though it's a basic EU requirement and they're in the EU since '81. All things considered, population exchanges are messy but they're far better than the alternative, which is executing those populations. What I find interesting is that France and Britain promised to support Greece to take at least East Thrace but after that they changed their minds. Sure, I get that maybe they were tired of war but I feel like that's not the whole story. Maybe they trusted a reformer like Ataturk in charge of Bosphorus and Dardanelles more than the Greeks? Ataturk really changed Turkey for the better, he saved it from being partitioned and turned the country from the "sick man of Europe" into a democratic model.
Turkey a democratic model? You are crazy.
@@johanvandermeulen9696 Ataturk's Turkey was a democratic model. You're quite dumb if you don't know that, sorry to say.
Very intersting remarks coming from a Romanian whose country expelled after the end of WW2 the large greek community who lived there for centuries.
@@user-nz1eu8cz1d No we didn't but nice try. Also, you seem to suck at history badly. After WW2 there was a communist regime in Romania, which was illegitimate and highly unpopular and unwanted. Blaming Romania for things that were done while the Red Army was on our territory seems pretty silly but then again, you're not the sharpest tool in the box, are you? Unlike in your case, Churchill didn't care to save our asses.
what do you mean?? Vlahs/aromanians are part of the Hellenic ethnos and fought in the Greek revolution
long before Crimea was occupied by Tartars or claimed by Ukraine or Russia there were Greek people living there.
Unfortunately the Greek People have been discriminated , the people of the Levante have up to 20% Mycenean DNA in many areas, so the presence is not just Anatolia and because of the wars the people are now finding their true identity whereas The Pontic Greeks and Asia Minor had to leave their country the Greeks of the Levante want to stay without discrimination
ua-cam.com/video/yyLnNDd-_kk/v-deo.html
THIS POPULATION EXCHANGE HAS BEEN REQUESTED BY GREECE . NOT BY TURKIYE .
I see.
TIKhistory says something about you. Cool cool
Peace Uber Alles👈
Ειρηνει Υπερ Ολων👈
Ok.
A very sad moment of the History: The legalization of ethnical cleansing. The artificial idea of nation, born in XIX century broke the lifes of millions of humans in former Ottoman Empire. Suddenly, they became from an autonomous millet to strangers in their land of own. Other terrible tragedy was the expulsion of muslim people from Caucasus, Balkans and Greece.
Śzçzefan😃
😅👍
Your analysis leaves out very important facts and appears to be biased in favor of Turkish Nationalists.
The main points you misrepresent are:
1. The Armenian Genocide of 1915 which also included the Genocide of about 600.000 Pontiac Greeks predated the
Greek Landing in Anatolia in 1919 by 4 years. And the main reason for the landing was to prevent this Genocide
spreading to the rest of Anatolia.
2. The population of Asia Minor was mainly Greek they outnumbered the Turks by 2 to 1 although they were not an
absolute majority because of the existence of other minorities mainly Christians like the Armenians and Asyrians
but also Muslim like the Kurds. In fact in the peninsular west of Izmir, where the Greek landing commenced,
the Greeks constituted 95 percent of the local population and they greeted the Greek Army as heroic liberators
as the hundreds of Newsreels from the time testify. The Greeks, the Armenians and smaller Christian minorities
were ethnically cleansed in the events you describe in your video. The Muslim non-Turkish minorities were spared
because, otherwise, Turkey would almost become depopulated. However their Genocide and ethnic cleansing
commenced in the 1970ies and is in full swing today in Syria, IRAQ and Turkey itself with the help of the Western powers.
One must not forget the Asyrians (Orthodox Christians) a very ancient people with their own language and civilization
who suffered total Genocide. Today they are nowhere to be found and their Language is extinct.
3. The reasons why the Greek Army failed in Asia Minor are two fold. Firstly Venizelos made the mistake of calling elections
in the middle of War which he lost to the Royalists who, believe it or not, had the support of the Communists because both
of them were Anti-War. The population bought the ''Peace'' ticket and voted Venizelos out. As a result the Greek army lost
its momentum (who wants to die in the last days of war?) and was awaiting several months for the Royalists to sort them-
selves out. The Royalists realized that they was no easy way out (as the Americans realized in Vietnam) and continued the
war which they had been voted in to stop. At the international level Kemal had made deals with all the Western powers
by handing the French and the British their important oil bearing dominions in the Middle East from Syria to Iraq down to
Saudi Arabia, and to Italy the the Southern Aegean Islands (Rhodes etc). In return the Western powers switched their
support from Greece to Turkey. One must also not forget the substantial economic and military support Kemal got from
the newly established Soviet Union. Testament to this is the imposing ''Republic Monument'' located at Taksim Square
in Istanbul, the main monument to the legacy of Kemal, which depicts Atarturk and his comrades. Amongst them is
Semyon Ivanovich Aralov, Ambassador of the Russian SFSR in Ankara. As Wikipedia has put it ''His presence in the monument,
ordered by Ataturk, points out to the financial and military aid sent by Lenin in 1920, during the Turkish war of independence
(1919-1922)''.
4. Your point about the Ethnic Greek refugees suffering discrimination once they arrived in Greece is accurate, however, it
is understandable given the fact that a lot of them spoke a version of Greek mixed with Turkish and in general being
culturally different. They also suffered economic exploitation because of their poverty. However very soon (as most
refugees do) they found their way and today they dominate many spheres of Greek economic and cultural life. One must
not forget people like Aristotle Onassis, Prodromos Athanasiades and many others who dominated the post
Second War Greek economy, all of them refugees from Asia Minor. Also some of you, from the west, who visit Greece
and listen to Greek music you will notice that some of it sounds southern European and some of it Middle Eastern.
You now know why: because after 1923 almost a 3rd of the Greek Population had been born in the Ottoman Empire.
And like the African Americans in the States the underclass eventually dominates cultural life.
All of this would only be of Academic Interest if Modern Turkey had in meantime become more civilized however the
Genocides continue. The Armenian Genocide, as we have seen in Nagorno-Karabakh is still very much a going concern.
Two weeks after Nagorno-Karabakh surrendered to the Turkish/Azeri forces Azerbaijan renamed the main Avenue of
Stepanakert (the Capital) after the name of General Enver Pasha, the main instigator of the Armenian Genocide of 1915.
One interesting point here is that, in the West, it is mostly held that the Armenian Genocide was the Work of the Ottoman
Empire. This is a complete lie. On the contrary following the events in 1915 the Ottoman Parliament ordered the arrest of
Enver Pasha and his collaborators in order to put them on trial for the atrocities they committed and it was Kemal who
ordered that they return to their duties.
In addition everyday we are following the Kurdish Genocide unfolding before our Eyes with American Supplied planes
been used to bomb Kurdish targets. The fact that the Kurds are fighting on the side of the Americans against ISIS
does not seem bother anybody in the West.....
One must not forget the Yazidis, murdered in their thousands by the Turkish Turkmen and their Allies ISIS, their women
been sold as sex slaves across the Middle East. Who are the Yazidis? They are Kurds who have refused to be Islamized
and continue with their own Ancient religion. The Turks have particularly targeted them who have only the week Kurds
to protect them.....
Before we rap it up we have to mention the fact that Turkey has committed ethnic cleansing against the Greek and other
Christian Cypriots (Maronites etc) by cleaning them completely out of Northen Cyprus (about 230.000 of them) using
NATO supplied Arms....
Otherwise enjoy your holiday in Turkey!!!!
LoLz Did it hurt a lot dude ? You are lucky Greeks & Armenians are still on the map. On the contrary, European invaders massacred Redskins, Inca, Māori, Aboriginals & killed and enslaved ten millions of Africans and stole almost all of Africa's natural resources. Today they seem to have no spared feelings for what is happening in Gaza. So if the Christians or Jews are killing millions it is totally OK and when Muslims are pulling your hair it is called genocide ? I am not buying your western propaganda bs.
Today a lot of African countries are inviting Türkiye to invest in their land or supply them with advanced arms or hell even want Turkish soldiers to be stationed, like in Libya and Somalia. Why not invite US, UK, Italy, France, Netherlands, Belgium or Germany but Türkiye ? Think about it.
Population exchange had started many decades ago. My paternal grandfather's ancestors were the muslims of Salonica. They immigrated to Turkey after the great fire of Salonica (1917) which destroyed the muslim district. My paternal grandmother was an albanian muslim from Scopje. They immigrated to Turkey during the Balkan Wars. My maternal grandfather's family were circassians who were forced out of their lands in caucasus and fled to Turkey in the 19th century. My maternal grandmother were muslim georgians who immigrated to Turkey in the 19th century. My entire family is consisting of refugees. The Lausanne population exchange was the last act of a tragedy that formed the nation states of our geography between 1850s and 1920s.
Actually any atrocities comitted by the Greek Army were fuelled by the spectacle of burnt greek villages,raped women,slaughtered fellow Greeks and most of all the desecrated bodies of Greek soldiers who were unlucky enough to have been taken alive.
Opposite my friend.
@@xanshen9011 after all these years perhaps it is time even for you my friend to overcome your denial and embrace the historical Truth.
@@user-nz1eu8cz1d It was the opposite okay?
@@xanshen9011 not at all.
As a grand child of survivors of the genocide of Asia Minor's Greeks ,I know far more things than you.
So ...
Actually any atrocities comitted by the Greek Army were fuelled by the spectacle of burnt greek villages,raped women,slaughtered fellow Greeks and most of all the desecrated bodies of Greek soldiers who were unlucky enough to have been taken alive.
@@efecik2859 Look it up
we gave them a opputunity to be a country.
Please explain.
@@HistoryHustle The Ottoman empire contained people of many nationalities. This caused me to be affected by the nationalist currents of the empire. The collapse of the empire was inevitable. The rule of being a real state is the coexistence of peoples of the same nation. Not counting the small minorities. If there is a people with two equal populations in a country, this will trigger a civil war in the future. What happened in Yugoslavia is an example. The two countries have eliminated internal conflicts with population exchange. People who have lived in the past are really sad. but we cannot ignore the conditions of the period.
It was a homecoming for the greeks, an exodus for the Türks.
Please explain.
Other way around
@@HITBnn How
@@xanshen9011 the Turks in Greece and balkans were legit Turks and they settled there sometime during the Ottoman era. The Greeks in central Anatolia were there for thousands of years. They were probably hellenised anatolians
@@HITBnn The thing is greeks never left the Peloponnese. Everyone that you claim to be “greeks” are just assimilated natives.
By that logic, its fine that the turks assimilated the “greeks” because the greeks did the same thing to the anatolians.
Im Turkish and the population exchange was not a good thing nor for Turkiye nor for Greece that is my op opinion
I understand. Thanks for sharing this.
Why tho
My family was forced to leave our village near sinop
Thanks for sharing.
I ll tell you the truth and have no idea how it happened. The real Greek people are currently living in south Turkiye. Their dna report shows as 98%which is higher than most of the Greek people who currently live in Greece. Also real Anatolian bloods running in Greek people. I belive it happened during Karamanoglu. Something happened and they swapped real Greeks to Turkish.
What tho?
The Greeks are the one that did the Exodus to the macedonians there. They put their anatolian newcomers there while exiling murdering and assimilating the macedonian population in the Macedonia region. How about not ignoring this historic horror anymore?
Bruh?
There are some parallels with European countries, Turkey is like Germany and Greece is like France is this situation, Turkey just like Germany became a new young nation after WWI and it’s aftermath, while Greece was an older country just like France, who both tried to gain territory at Turkish and German expense. As a Turkish thank you for the video.
(1)As a greek the population exchange which followed the greek genocide is probably by far the worst event that happened in our history. Why? Because 1923 marked the end of the greek presence of Anatolia after living there for 3.000 years continuously. Only the greeks of Constantinople/ Istanbul would stay in turkey and the latter was forced to protect this minorit. Turkey didn't protect the greeks and some events lead to the extinction of them. Some of the events are the Varlik vergisi, the turkish nationalism(both government and people), Cyprus 1974 and most importantly the September events. On the other hand, many historians advocate that this population exchange saved the lifes of the greeks.
(2) I've seen some comments saying that population exchange stopped many wars between us. Personally, I don't think so just look at the Cyprus invasion 1974, 1987, 1996, 2020. These are some examples of the times we were on the edge of war (apart 1974 ofc). Today we are in "cold war" therefore, I don't think that population exchange helped us to overcome our nationalism but instead boosted it. If we lived together people wouldn't discriminate each other at this scale cause they would share the same worries for example, but that's an assumption...
@@y.p.9797 After all this problems, can not see you that we can not live together. All the empires had collapsed, people act according to their nationality, not by who their neighbors are. Who wants their nation defeat? Our interests and goals are different. It'll be a war.
@efevurucu2859 If there was no population exchange, the greeks of Anatolia would be killed just like the pontic greeks, so in the end, it was the best option. Also, demographics for both countries would be quite different than its today. Nevertheless, the point is that you didn't follow what the treaty said, and you expelled the greeks from Constantinople, whereas we kept the muslim minority in Thrace. You simply have an inferiority complex against us, and you don't want greeks in turkey at all, as if you are indigenous here...
this population exchange saved the stopped turkish genocide by greeks .''ts a good decision not to feed traitors or terrorists anymore
@trak83eros60 There is no such thing as turkish genocide and Turks shouldn't speak about genocides its hilarious. You conquered lands that were inhabited by other people thousands of years before you existed. You enslaved them, took from them their freedom, and persecuted them for their religion. Not to mention the countless massacres and genocides.
Hey Stefan! It's good to see you in my city, Thessaloniki.
Two notes from me, for people to know and remember who is who..
1. In northern Anatolia, Black sea region (Pontus) and between 1915-1922, was carried out by the Turkish state of Kemal a very carefully planned genocide of the Greek population, leading to the extinction of at least 353.000 Pontic Greeks! Not just killings.
2. Smyrna, the richest and most beautiful city of the Levant, did not just get fire out of nowhere. It was burnt by the hordes of the Turkish army in front of the eyes of our western "Allies"..who were watching from their ships our people drowning, without doing anything, but rather refusing to take them on board and save them! Diachronically they only cared for their interests in the East. And Greece ended up fighting for those in Asia Minor(also)!
3. The excluded from the Lossaune treaty Greeks of Constantinople, were finally expelled violently from their homes and were forced to come to Greece during the 1955 Constantinople Pogroms or the September events, also known.
Those events led to the elimination of the 3.000 years presence of Hellenism in Asia Minor!
A very good comment. The pogrom in Constantinople was in 1955, not in 1965. Thessaloniki is a nice town. I was there in 2006.
@@johanvandermeulen9696 1955 correct! Thanks for noticing, wrote it wrong accidentally. I'm glad you liked the city. Last year was the commemoration of the 100 years from the Asia Minor Catastrophe and the coming of refugees, with many events and this year 2023 the 100 years from the signing of the Lausanne Treaty.
Watch the movie "Smyrna" (2021) for a more visualized version of the events, I totally recommend it!
Do you Greeks really talking about Polgroms? Really?
@@orka6848 You piece of a Turk, you can't even write the word 'pogrom' correctly. Perhaps you were thinking of Poland. Because you Turks are so stupid that you think that Poland was yours. No, not Poland was yours, but you reigned some time in the Ottoman period over Podolia which is quite an other region.
the gang wars in the region has already started years before kemal sent there (1919). Carefully and planned genocide my ass. The Greeks did not leave Constantinople in 1955, but the Greek people who were worried about their security of life with the Turkish-Greek conflict arising from the Cyprus problem between 55 and 74 gradually migrated to Greece. And it is also a bit ridiculous to try to make yourself look like an angel without mentioning the Turks who were killed & expelled from the Balkans before the war and without mentioning the massacres your army committed during the invasion & retreat.
he only positive aspect of this drama of the expulsion of the Greeks from Asia Minor is that in return the Muslims still living in all parts of Greece, even in the west in Ioannina in Epirus, a largely Islamic city covered with mosques in 1918, had to leave. From 1921 on Greece was largely cleansed of Islam! The remaining mosques in Ioannina today have no religious functions, but are used as museums!
Wait till the globalist powers that be in the EU forces Greece to accept Muslim immigrants en masse just like in the UK, Germany, France, Austria, Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Switzerland. Even Spain and Italy have a good amount.
Metaxas wasnt a dictator
Please explain m
Something went wrong with the Greek logistics and supply lines.
Over extended
In some point soldiers was literally urinated in helmets to provide some sort of hydration to their collapsing dehydrated Comrades...
@@Pavlos_Charalambous
It looks like a failed gamble.
Pushing their luck over the limits, hoping for the best.
@@serdradion4010 yap even if the push towards Ankara was successful no one could carante that it would be the end of the war
Ironically the people who decided to push inland in hope that they would cause enough damage to the nationalist forces, was the ones who was against the campaign in the first place
@@Pavlos_Charalambous
What was the role of the Greek Army Headquarters and the Greek King?
Did Serbian King and generals had some influence on the events?
Red Army and the Soviets allegedly, winning the Civil war in Russia, supported the Kemal Ataturks Turkish Army with arms and ammunition.
@@serdradion4010 after the first greco Turkish war two main factions was formed the " liberals" and the " royalist"
The leader of the liberals was a young Creten rebel and lawyer Eleftherios Venizelos that the majority of the army officers supported him because he was a reformist
He eventually became prime minister and a very capable diplomat
Under his leadership Greece double it's size during the Balkan wars but he wasn't doing well with the crown prince Constantine, the prince was more of a soldier than a diplomat and Venizelos had to pretty much explain him the realities of international politics - if the price wasn't there to accept the surrender of the ottoman garrison of Salonika the Bulgarians would have been there first
Anyways Constantine became king and as king he was very pro central powers during ww1 leading to what is known in Greek historiography as the "national schism " in order not to take sides in ww1 he allowed the Bulgarian army to advance and even worse an entire brigade to surrender
Why the British also invaded to holt the Bulgarians..
That was the last drop for Venizelos, he formed a new government at salonika and most of the army joined the French / British forces fighting at lake Dorian front
After the end of ww1 Constantine was forced to exile and replaced by prince Alexander that was more or less a " Venizelist"
Venizelos managed to secure for Greece the the Smyrna mandate but the royalist faction was against it
Metaxas for example ( the later dictator) was against it believing that Greece didn't had the resources to hold on to Smyrna
Anyways in some point Alexandrer was attacked by a monkey ( am not kidding) and Constantine returned to throne
At this point people started to get tired from the war some drafted men was mobilized for more than 8 years!
At elections the liberals lost and right afterwards many liberal army commanders was removed in favor of more royalist ones ..
The problem now was that they wanted peace but the Turkish nationalist won't stop fighting until they get Smyrna back
Add to that that the Greek command didn't understand how to deal with Guerrillas, they decided to move and destroy " the bases of operations" before themselves run out of steam
In hopes that will force the nationalist to peace talks
They eventually runned out of steam just outside of Ankara and was forced to retreat back to Smyrna mandate
In this point we have to mention the commander in chief of the army in Asia minor
General Chatzianestis was a psychopath, the only Greek general that was defeated during the Balkan wars..
When the final push by the Turkish forces started he refused to go out of his room because he had Hallucinations about his legs been made out of clay.. The only reason he was in command was that he was a royalist...
Informative historical coverage video of that inhumanity dealt by the National Republic of turkey 🇹🇷 against the Greek 🇬🇷 ethnic community through (Asia minority campaigns)& systematized atrocities by two enemy armies against innocent citizens of both sides...history Hustle always introduces an excellent historical coverage videos
The occupying Greek "horde" (for , it was not a decent army but a bunch of blood-thirsty ireegulars hellbent on exterminating Turks) killed a total of 640.000 Tyrkish civilians during their 3-year occupation. The Greeks are great liars that are adep at twisting historical facts and always playing the victim. Shame on them!
This was one of the greatest crimes committed by the turks and greeks hand in hand and there is no pardon for this. Cause the deported greeks spoke turkish, lived in turkey and it was their home! They have been sent to a place where they were strangers and discriminated! The same counts for the deported turks from Greece! Just imagine you are forced to leave your house, your neighbors, your existence and your HOME for a strange place where you will never feel safe just because some ancestors came from there. Horrible.
It was an exodus. I haven’t even started the video yet, but it’s not even a question. As someone who’s studied this topic, it is, and always has been an exodus that happened after a genocide that happened after an apartheid. Free Pontus.
Pontus?
All the other similar atrocious acts all over Peloponnese, where apparently the whole population of Muslims (Albanian and Turkish-speakers), well over twenty thousand vanished from the face of the earth within a spat of a few months in 1821 is unsaid and forgotten, a case of ethnic cleansing through sheer slaughter (St Clair 2008: 1-9, 41-46) as are the atrocities committed in Moldavia (were the "Greek Revolution"
Much less than thousands of Greeks killed, 50,000 in Chios alone
Aaa apk energy is strong in you 😂
Well Greeks had suffered under Ottoman rule for hundreds of years so yeah no shit Muslims were going to have it rough once European Christians rightfully threw off their rule. I only feel sorry for the Jews caught in the middle.
And know please explain to us how the totally Christian Asia Minor before the arrival of the Turks became muslim.
@@user-nz1eu8cz1dCan you explain to me how the Hittite Phrygian Urartians, who lived in Anatolia for thousands of years, became Christians?
wait let me tell you "Roman cultural assimilation"
Well population exchange was positive over all,imagine if it didnt happen.
I guess there would be much more problems in todays countries. Although it is sad for the people back then that were forced to leave their homes.
Dude 😂 why don’t you stick to Dutch history 😂
Dude, because I cover other stuff too.
@@HistoryHustle congrats on the attempt but it was incoherent and far from objectivity…
Now those Pontic Greeks claim to be native Macedonians, while living on properties of Slavonic Macedonians, which they have renamed from Slavic to Greek.... So sad.
The dispute remains I guess.
@@HistoryHustle What dispute? Do you same about the Nazis?
Native greek macedonians were still living in those areas although in smaller numbers so they still can be if they mixed together. And what's the problem with changing the toponyms back to their original macedonian greek names?
You mean Bulgarians there was no Macedonian nationality. Never was. Enough with your fairytales.
@@malamatinas1 The Macedonian nation was formed in 1945, as was the Greek in 1832. That does not mean that Macedonians and Greeks started to exist then, but it means that there is a difference between nation and people. The Macedonian people have an ethnogenesys going back to the Phrigians, as do the Greeks going back to the Mycenians.
The Ottoman empire made its censuses based on religion and language spoken. Till 1872 the term Bulgarian was used to describe all Slavophones in the Balkans, after that, it was used when refering to the people under the jurisdiction of the Bugarian Exarchate.
Someone clearly needs a history lesson.
Yunanistan'dan göçe zorlanan Türkleri de anlatsana, mesela benim dedelerim 10sene önce Selanik'de yaşıyorlardı, Rumların Türk ve Yahudilere yaptığı soykırımdan kaçtılar. Yanlı tarih anlatma adam gibi doğruları konuş.
Sources?
Yeah what are your sources for this hypothetical genocide? At least we have many sources and evidence of the pontic greek, armenian and assyrian genocides the turks committed.
@@HistoryHustlemy nationalist friend told me so.
for all its horrors, the population exchange stabilized the eastern aegean region from future conflicts. The same idea should be considered for the Palestine issue. After 1948 most arab countries expelled all their jews who mostly went to Israel. Israel should consider removing all arabs in the west bank, provide some compensation and everybody gets on with their lives. Arabs in the west bank have lived too long under the delusion that losing many wars should have no consequences. Pandering to their fantasies of recovering lost territories serves no good to anyone.
O topraklar geri alınacak. 10 yılı var. Bekle, gör
@@meralkeskin8511 and if you're wrong Kurdistan will be given its independence and Armenia given much of NE Turkey? Dream on.
At first I thought you were a Communist. Maybe you are not so bad.
Communists (globalists) wouldn’t touch this subject. They are still to this day the ones making sure it is “forgotten” or never recognized as genocide by 99,99% of the Western world.
Long live Turkey
Ok.
Average Turk and Greece debate
Please explain.
@@HistoryHustle there's a meme video of Omegle video chat between Greece and Turkish guy. You should check it out.
It's just a meme Stefan, haha. A Greek and a Turkish guy discussing on cam with their broken English
@@jonaspeteedgy kid this is history and not fucking a joke.
Similar to what happened when India split creating Pakistan after independence. I wish the US would do this. I don't know how much longer I can deal with these trumpanzees....
If they can put up with your shitty attitude, complaining about them in a history video that has literally nothing to do with that, then those "trumpanzees" are real heroes. Go cry somewhere else if you need to, you had nothing of value to add here.
The South will rise again.
@johanvandermeulen9696 they better not stand up too fast or they might pass out. Overwhelmingly they collect more federal dollars than they send in. Let them go and pay their own way. It'll be a relief to see them responsible for themselves.
The idea that land belongs to an ethnicity is an alt-right idea. It's known as "ethno-nationalism" and is regarded as racist.
I think the idea is older than the alt-right (which is a more modern movement). Yet, this movement also advocates this idea I believe. Not an expert on the alt-right.
Nationalism replaced shared religion and dynasty as the source of unity in European society, following Napoleon. The defeat of the great European empires in WW1, led to the carving up of their territories based on the idea of " a land for each people." The German Second Reich, the Austro Hungarian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the Russian Empire were erased and new countries created.
Problems: a leadership of "my people for my people" is not immune to malfeasance. No territory is "purely (whatever nation). Religion did not disappear as a force for group unity and power seeking within society. Nationalism created new nationalist grudges and causes for conflict.
My grandfather used to live in Smyrna, were he told me stories of multiculturalism and how different ethnic groups coexisted. There are a lot of songs from Asia Minor that portray this. I don't think that many cities rivalled this as Smyrna, did it in its prime. Unfortunately with rise of the idea of nationhood, also more extreme beliefs grew that saw cities like this as a threat. In the years, before and after the Asia Minor Catastrophe many called it "giaour" Izmir (infidel or non-believer).
@@michaelchadolias9491 Smyrna was also nicknamed the " Paris of the east" 😉
So native americans are from the Alt-right? LOL!!!!!
Is het een idee om een keer de Krim te behandelen?
They used the people like potatoes and export them
You mean tbey ate them..?
fails to mentions the deportation of Albanian muslims to Turkey
From where?
@@HistoryHustle He means from Epirus. But he is wrong. In fact TurkAlbanians muslims continued to live in North Greece, until they expelled or fleed due to the behavor and atrocities commited by Nazi Cams during german occupation of Greece.
@@HistoryHustle literally from everywhere in Greece? I thought you were a historian
@@ioanniskoletis8300 you're delusional
@@illyrian44Truth is a hard pill to swallow.